Communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication modes

Abstract

The utility model discloses a communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication modes, which relates to the technical field of communication interface circuits, and comprises a double-wire communication module and a single-wire communication module, the double-wire communication module is a 485 communication module or a CAN communication module; when the battery is connected with the charging cabinet, the battery is in 485 communication with the charging cabinet through the 485 communication module, or the battery is in CAN communication with the charging cabinet through the CAN communication module; when the battery is connected with the electric vehicle, the battery is in single-line communication with the electric vehicle through the single-line communication module. The communication interface circuit supports a plurality of communication modes, so that a battery can be charged on a charging cabinet applying 485 communication or CAN communication, and can also be used on an electric vehicle applying single-wire communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication interface circuits, and in particular to a communication interface circuit that supports multiple communication methods. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, shared batteries are becoming increasingly common, and their applications are expanding. Shared batteries generally have communication capabilities, and different devices may use different communication methods. For example, charging cabinets may use CAN communication, while a certain model of electric vehicle may use single-wire communication. The number of communication cable interfaces on a battery is limited. The goal is to achieve multiple communication methods with the fewest possible communication cables to improve the compatibility of shared batteries and reduce costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] In response to the aforementioned problems and technical requirements, the applicant has proposed a communication interface circuit that supports multiple communication methods.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods is used to enable a battery to communicate with a charging cabinet or electric vehicle. It includes a dual-wire communication module and a single-wire communication module, wherein the dual-wire communication module is a 485 communication module or a CAN communication module.

[0006] When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication module or via the CAN communication module.

[0007] When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via the single-wire communication module.

[0008] The further technical solution is that the battery includes a battery interface and a BMS, and the battery interface includes a battery positive terminal interface, a battery negative terminal interface, a battery first communication interface and a battery second communication interface.

[0009] When the dual-line communication module is a 485 communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the first communication interface of the battery is used to form a 485A interface and the second communication interface of the battery is used to form a 485B interface.

[0010] When the dual-line communication module is a CAN communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the first communication interface of the battery is used to form a CANH interface and the second communication interface of the battery is used to form a CANL interface.

[0011] When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, a single-line communication interface is formed using the battery's first communication interface or the battery's second communication interface.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the 485 communication module includes a 485 communication identification circuit and a 485 communication conversion circuit;

[0013] The 485 communication identification circuit is used to generate a 485 communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet.

[0014] When the 485 communication identification signal is at an effective level, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication conversion circuit.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the CAN communication module includes a CAN communication identification circuit and a CAN communication conversion circuit;

[0016] The CAN communication identification circuit is used to generate a CAN communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet.

[0017] When the CAN communication identification signal is at an effective level, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the CAN communication conversion circuit.

[0018] A further technical solution is that the single-line communication module includes a single-line communication identification circuit and a single-line communication conversion circuit;

[0019] The single-wire communication identification circuit is used to generate a single-wire communication identification signal with an effective level when the battery is connected to the electric vehicle.

[0020] When the single-wire communication identification signal is at an active level and the 485 communication identification signal is at an inactive level, or when the single-wire communication identification signal is at an active level and the CAN communication identification signal is at an inactive level, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via a single-wire communication conversion circuit.

[0021] A further technical solution is that the 485 communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U1, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2;

[0022] The resistor R1 is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1 through the resistor R2. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1. The collector of the secondary phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is grounded.

[0023] The further technical solution is that the 485 communication conversion circuit includes a 485 communication conversion chip U3, resistors R4, R5 and R6. The model of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes TP8485E. The 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes VCC pin, A pin, B pin, GND pin, RO pin and DI pin.

[0024] The resistor R5 is connected between pin A and pin B, the resistor R4 is connected between pin VCC and pin A, the resistor R6 is connected between pin B and pin GND, and the pin VCC is connected to power supply VCC_485.

[0025] The A pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the B pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the GND pin is grounded at a potential of 485_GND, and the RO pin and DI pin are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

[0026] A further technical solution is that the CAN communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler UC, a resistor RC, and a resistor Rp;

[0027] The resistor Rp is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler UC through the resistor RC. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler UC. The collector of the secondary side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is grounded.

[0028] The CAN communication conversion circuit includes a CAN communication conversion chip U4, the model of which is TJA1057. The CAN communication conversion chip U4 includes an INH pin, a CANH pin, a CANL pin, a TXD pin, a GND pin, a VCC pin, and an RXD pin.

[0029] The INH and GND pins are grounded to the CAN_GND potential. The CANH pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the CANL pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the VCC pin is connected to the power supply VCC_CAN, and the TXD and RXD pins are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

[0030] A further technical solution is that the single-wire communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U2 and a resistor R3;

[0031] The single-wire communication interface is connected to the positive terminal of the primary-side LED of optocoupler U2 via resistor R3. The negative terminal of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary-side LED of optocoupler U2. The collector of the secondary-side phototransistor of optocoupler U2 is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary-side phototransistor of optocoupler U2 is grounded.

[0032] A further technical solution is that the single-wire communication conversion circuit includes resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16, transistors Q1, T1, T2, and T3, diodes D1, D2, and D3;

[0033] The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to the single-wire communication interface. The positive terminal of diode D2 is also connected to the collector of transistor T3. The emitter of transistor T3 is connected to the negative terminal interface of the battery. The base of transistor T3 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and resistor R16. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to the emitter of transistor T3.

[0034] The negative terminal of diode D2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1 through resistor R11, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1 through resistor R12, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1.

[0035] The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the base of transistor T1 through resistor R10. The base of transistor T1 is connected to the emitter of transistor T1 through resistor R8. The emitter of transistor T1 is connected to power supply VDD. The collector of transistor T1 is grounded through resistor R9. The collector of transistor T1 is connected to the MCU in BMS through resistor R7.

[0036] The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D3, the positive terminal of diode D3 is connected to the collector of transistor T2, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to power supply VDD, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to the base of transistor T2 through resistor R13, and the base of transistor T2 is connected to the MCU in BMS through resistor R15.

[0037] The beneficial technical effects of this utility model are:

[0038] The communication interface circuit provided by this utility model supports multiple communication methods. It uses only two communication interfaces to enable the battery to be charged in charging cabinets that use 485 or CAN communication, and also to be used in electric vehicles that use single-wire communication, thus improving the battery's adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of one embodiment of the communication interface circuit provided by this utility model.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the battery interface provided by this utility model.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the actual functional definition of the battery interface when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the actual functional definition of the battery interface when the battery is connected to an electric vehicle.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the 485 communication module provided by this utility model.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the 485 communication conversion circuit provided by this utility model.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the CAN communication module provided by this utility model.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the CAN communication conversion circuit provided by this utility model.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the single-line communication module provided by this utility model.

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the single-wire communication conversion circuit provided by this utility model.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the working logic of one embodiment of the communication interface circuit provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0051] This utility model provides a communication interface circuit that supports multiple communication methods for enabling the battery to communicate with a charging cabinet or electric vehicle. It includes a dual-wire communication module and a single-wire communication module, wherein the dual-wire communication module is a 485 communication module or a CAN (Controller Area Network) communication module.

[0052] When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication module or via the CAN communication module.

[0053] When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via the single-wire communication module.

[0054] Specifically, the battery includes a battery interface. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the battery interface is shown. The battery interface includes four functional interfaces, which can be defined as the battery positive terminal interface (…). Figure 2 The P+ and negative battery terminals shown are shown. Figure 2 P- shown), battery first communication interface ( Figure 2 Signal 1 shown) and the second communication interface of the battery ( Figure 2 Signal 2 shown in the figure; the electric vehicle includes an electric two-wheeled vehicle, and the specific form of the dual-line communication module corresponds to the communication method adopted by the charging cabinet in actual application, that is, when the charging cabinet adopts CAN communication, the dual-line communication module is a CAN communication module; when the charging cabinet adopts 485 communication, the dual-line communication module is a 485 communication module.

[0055] Furthermore, the actual functional definitions of the battery's first and second communication interfaces vary depending on the communication method used by the battery. When the dual-wire communication module is a 485 communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the battery's first communication interface forms a 485A interface, and the battery's second communication interface forms a 485B interface; when the dual-wire communication module is a CAN communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the battery's first communication interface forms a CANH interface, and the battery's second communication interface forms a CANL interface; when the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, either the battery's first or second communication interface forms a single-wire communication interface.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, communication between the battery and the charging cabinet is via RS485 / CAN. In this case, the battery's first communication interface is used as the RS485A interface for RS485 communication and the CANH interface for CAN communication, while the battery's second communication interface is used as the RS485B interface for RS485 communication and the CANL interface for CAN communication. Figure 4 As shown, when the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, the battery and the charging cabinet use single-line communication. At this time, one of the battery's first communication interface and the battery's second communication interface is used as the single-line communication interface, while the other communication interface is left unused.

[0057] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the 485 communication module includes a 485 communication identification circuit and a 485 communication conversion circuit; the 485 communication identification circuit is used to generate a 485 communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet; when the 485 communication identification signal is active, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication conversion circuit.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, the CAN communication module includes a CAN communication identification circuit and a CAN communication conversion circuit; the CAN communication identification circuit is used to generate a CAN communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet; when the CAN communication identification signal is active, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the CAN communication conversion circuit.

[0059] Specifically, the 485 communication identification signal / CAN communication identification signal is output to the BMS (Battery Management System) inside the battery. The BMS can wake up by recognizing the 485 communication identification signal / CAN communication identification signal with an active level, that is, the BMS switches from a sleep or standby state to an operating state, thereby enabling the battery to communicate with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication conversion circuit / CAN communication conversion circuit. In this embodiment, the active level is a low level.

[0060] Figure 5-6 The circuit diagrams of the 485 communication identification circuit and the 485 communication conversion circuit in this embodiment are shown, as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the 485 communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U1, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2.

[0061] When the dual-wire communication module is a 485 communication module, the resistor R1 is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary-side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1 through the resistor R2. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary-side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1. The collector of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is grounded.

[0062] When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the charging cabinet sends a message to the BMS inside the battery through the 485 communication conversion circuit, which causes the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U2 to light up and the secondary side phototransistor of the optocoupler U2 to conduct, so as to generate a low-level 485 communication identification signal to wake up the BMS.

[0063] like Figure 6As shown, the 485 communication conversion circuit includes a 485 communication conversion chip U3, resistors R4, R5, and R6. The model of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes TP8485E, and the 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes VCC pin, A pin, B pin, GND pin, RO pin, and DI pin.

[0064] The resistor R5 is connected between pin A and pin B, the resistor R4 is connected between pin VCC and pin A, the resistor R6 is connected between pin B and pin GND, and the pin VCC is connected to power supply VCC_485.

[0065] The A pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the B pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the GND pin is grounded at a potential of 485_GND, and the RO pin and DI pin are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

[0066] Figure 7-8 The circuit diagrams of the CAN communication identification circuit and the CAN communication conversion circuit in this embodiment are shown, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the CAN communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler UC, a resistor RC, and a resistor Rp;

[0067] When the dual-wire communication module is a CAN communication module, the resistor Rp is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary-side LED of the optocoupler UC through the resistor RC. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary-side LED of the optocoupler UC. The collector of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is connected to the BMS, and the emitter of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is grounded. When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the microcontroller in the charging cabinet sends a message to the BMS in the battery through the CAN communication conversion circuit, thereby illuminating the primary-side LED of the optocoupler UC and turning on the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC to generate a low-level CAN communication identification signal to wake up the BMS.

[0068] like Figure 8As shown, the CAN communication conversion circuit includes a CAN communication conversion chip U4, the model of which is TJA1057. The CAN communication conversion chip U4 includes an INH pin, a CANH pin, a CANL pin, a TXD pin, a GND pin, a VCC pin, and an RXD pin. When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the INH pin and the GND pin are grounded to the CAN_GND potential. The CANH pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the CANL pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the VCC pin is connected to the power supply VCC_CAN, and the TXD pin and the RXD pin are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

[0069] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, the single-wire communication module includes a single-wire communication identification circuit and a single-wire communication conversion circuit; the single-wire communication identification circuit is used to generate a single-wire communication identification signal with an effective level when the battery is connected to the electric vehicle.

[0070] Specifically, the single-wire communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U2 and a resistor R3. The single-wire communication interface is connected to the positive terminal of the primary-side LED of the optocoupler U2 via resistor R3. The battery negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the primary-side LED of the optocoupler U2. The collector of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler U2 is connected to the BMS, and the emitter of the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler U2 is grounded. Resistors RC, R2, and R3 are all current-limiting resistors. The resistance values ​​of RC, R2, and R3 can be selected according to actual needs, ensuring that the corresponding communication identification circuit functions normally without affecting the operation of the corresponding communication conversion circuit. When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, the vehicle's single-wire communication host system will set the single-wire communication interface high, thereby illuminating the primary-side LED of the optocoupler U2 and turning on the secondary-side phototransistor of the optocoupler U2 to generate a low-level single-wire communication identification signal to wake up the BMS.

[0071] like Figure 10 As shown, the single-wire communication conversion circuit includes resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, transistor Q1, transistor T1, transistor T2, transistor T3, diodes D1, D2, and D3.

[0072] The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to the single-wire communication interface. The positive terminal of diode D2 is also connected to the collector of transistor T3. The emitter of transistor T3 is connected to the negative terminal interface of the battery. The base of transistor T3 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and resistor R16. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to the emitter of transistor T3.

[0073] The negative terminal of diode D2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1 through resistor R11, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1 through resistor R12, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1.

[0074] The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the base of transistor T1 through resistor R10. The base of transistor T1 is connected to the emitter of transistor T1 through resistor R8. The emitter of transistor T1 is connected to power supply VDD. The collector of transistor T1 is grounded through resistor R9. The collector of transistor T1 is connected to the single-wire communication port of MCU in BMS through resistor R7.

[0075] The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the cathode of diode D3, the anode of diode D3 is connected to the collector of transistor T2, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to power supply VDD, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to the base of transistor T2 through resistor R13, and the base of transistor T2 is connected to the single-wire communication port of the MCU in the BMS through resistor R15. In this embodiment, transistors T1 and T2 are PNP transistors, transistors T3 and Q1 are NPN transistors, and power supply VDD is 3.3V.

[0076] It should be noted that the single-wire communication conversion circuit is susceptible to interference from the 485 / CAN communication conversion circuit. When the BMS detects a valid 485 / CAN communication identification signal, it may simultaneously detect a valid single-wire communication identification signal. Therefore, to prevent false detections, the BMS must simultaneously check whether the 485 / CAN communication identification signal is invalid (i.e., high) while detecting a valid single-wire communication identification signal. When both the single-wire communication identification signal and the 485 / CAN communication identification signal are invalid, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via the single-wire communication conversion circuit.

[0077] When the CAN communication conversion circuit is not isolated, the TXD and RXD pins of the CAN communication conversion chip U4 are directly connected to the dedicated CAN communication port of the MCU in the BMS, and the ground potential CAN_GND is the same as the ground potential MCU_GND of the MCU in the BMS; when the 485 communication conversion circuit is not isolated, the RO and DI pins of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 are directly connected to the dedicated 485 communication port of the MCU in the BMS, and the ground potential 485_GND is the same as the ground potential MCU_GND of the MCU in the BMS.

[0078] To reduce the impact of the 485 / CAN communication conversion circuit on the single-wire communication conversion circuit, the 485 / CAN communication conversion circuit can be isolated. When the CAN communication conversion circuit is isolated, the TXD and RXD pins of the CAN communication conversion chip U4 are connected to the dedicated CAN communication port of the MCU within the BMS through a communication isolation chip. When the 485 communication conversion circuit is isolated, the RO and DI pins of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 are connected to the dedicated 485 communication port of the MCU within the BMS through a communication isolation chip. Furthermore, when the 485 / CAN communication conversion circuit is isolated, the 485 communication conversion chip U3 and the CAN communication conversion chip U4 are connected to an isolated power supply VCC_485 / CAN, and the GND pin of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 and the CAN communication conversion chip U4 is connected to an independent ground potential 485 / CAN_GND.

[0079] As an example, Figure 11 The diagram shows the working logic flowchart of one embodiment of the communication interface circuit when the two-wire communication module is a 485 communication module. Figure 11As shown, after the BMS inside the battery is woken up or is already in working condition, it first checks whether the 485 communication identification signal is "TURE", that is, whether the 485 communication identification signal is at a valid level. If the 485 communication identification signal is "TURE", then it communicates with the external device (charging cabinet) via the 485 communication conversion circuit. If the 485 communication identification signal is "FALSE", that is, the 485 communication identification signal is at an invalid level, it then checks whether the single-wire communication identification signal is "TURE", that is, whether the single-wire communication identification signal is at a valid level. If the single-wire communication identification signal is "TURE", then it communicates with the external device (electric vehicle) via the single-wire communication conversion circuit. If the single-wire communication identification signal is also "FALSE", that is, the single-wire communication identification signal is at an invalid level, then no communication is performed. By adopting the above working logic, the BMS can still communicate with the external device (charging cabinet) via the 485 communication conversion circuit even when both the 485 communication identification signal and the single-wire communication identification signal are at valid levels, effectively avoiding the problem of identification conflict between the two communication methods.

[0080] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. References to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example that is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application.

[0081] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any other improvements and variations directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention should be considered to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods, characterized in that, The device is used to enable the battery to communicate with the charging cabinet or electric vehicle, including a two-wire communication module and a single-wire communication module, wherein the two-wire communication module is a 485 communication module or a CAN communication module. When the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication module or via the CAN communication module. When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via the single-wire communication module.

2. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery interface and a BMS. The battery interface includes a battery positive interface, a battery negative interface, a battery first communication interface, and a battery second communication interface. When the dual-line communication module is a 485 communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the first communication interface of the battery is used to form a 485A interface and the second communication interface of the battery is used to form a 485B interface. When the dual-line communication module is a CAN communication module and the battery is connected to the charging cabinet, the first communication interface of the battery is used to form a CANH interface and the second communication interface of the battery is used to form a CANL interface. When the battery is connected to the electric vehicle, a single-line communication interface is formed using the battery's first communication interface or the battery's second communication interface.

3. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 2, characterized in that, The 485 communication module includes a 485 communication identification circuit and a 485 communication conversion circuit; The 485 communication identification circuit is used to generate a 485 communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet. When the 485 communication identification signal is at an effective level, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the 485 communication conversion circuit.

4. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 3, characterized in that, The CAN communication module includes a CAN communication identification circuit and a CAN communication conversion circuit. The CAN communication identification circuit is used to generate a CAN communication identification signal with an active level when the battery is connected to the charging cabinet. When the CAN communication identification signal is at an active level, the battery communicates with the charging cabinet via the CAN communication conversion circuit.

5. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 4, characterized in that, The single-line communication module includes a single-line communication identification circuit and a single-line communication conversion circuit. The single-wire communication identification circuit is used to generate a single-wire communication identification signal with an effective level when the battery is connected to the electric vehicle. When the single-wire communication identification signal is at an active level and the 485 communication identification signal is at an inactive level, or when the single-wire communication identification signal is at an active level and the CAN communication identification signal is at an inactive level, the battery communicates with the electric vehicle via a single-wire communication conversion circuit.

6. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 3, characterized in that, The 485 communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U1, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2. The resistor R1 is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1 through the resistor R2. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1. The collector of the secondary phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary phototransistor of the optocoupler U1 is grounded.

7. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 485 communication conversion circuit includes a 485 communication conversion chip U3, resistors R4, R5, and R6. The model of the 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes TP8485E, and the 485 communication conversion chip U3 includes VCC pin, A pin, B pin, GND pin, RO pin, and DI pin. The resistor R5 is connected between pin A and pin B, the resistor R4 is connected between pin VCC and pin A, the resistor R6 is connected between pin B and pin GND, and the pin VCC is connected to power supply VCC_485. The A pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the B pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the GND pin is grounded at a potential of 485_GND, and the RO pin and DI pin are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

8. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 4, characterized in that, The CAN communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler UC, a resistor RC, and a resistor Rp. The resistor Rp is connected between the first communication interface and the second communication interface of the battery. The first communication interface of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler UC through the resistor RC. The second communication interface of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler UC. The collector of the secondary side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary side phototransistor of the optocoupler UC is grounded. The CAN communication conversion circuit includes a CAN communication conversion chip U4, the model of which is TJA1057. The CAN communication conversion chip U4 includes an INH pin, a CANH pin, a CANL pin, a TXD pin, a GND pin, a VCC pin, and an RXD pin. The INH and GND pins are connected to the ground potential CAN_GND. The CANH pin is connected to the first communication interface of the battery, the CANL pin is connected to the second communication interface of the battery, the VCC pin is connected to the power supply VCC_CAN, and the TXD and RXD pins are connected to the MCU in the BMS.

9. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 5, characterized in that, The single-wire communication identification circuit includes an optocoupler U2 and a resistor R3. The single-wire communication interface is connected to the positive terminal of the primary-side LED of optocoupler U2 via resistor R3. The negative terminal of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the primary-side LED of optocoupler U2. The collector of the secondary-side phototransistor of optocoupler U2 is connected to the BMS. The emitter of the secondary-side phototransistor of optocoupler U2 is grounded.

10. The communication interface circuit supporting multiple communication methods according to claim 5, characterized in that, The single-wire communication conversion circuit includes resistors R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16, transistors Q1, T1, T2, and T3, diodes D1, D2, and D3. The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to the single-wire communication interface. The positive terminal of diode D2 is also connected to the collector of transistor T3. The emitter of transistor T3 is connected to the negative terminal interface of the battery. The base of transistor T3 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and resistor R16. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to the emitter of transistor T3. The negative terminal of diode D2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1 through resistor R11, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1 through resistor R12, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the base of transistor T1 through resistor R10. The base of transistor T1 is connected to the emitter of transistor T1 through resistor R8. The emitter of transistor T1 is connected to power supply VDD. The collector of transistor T1 is grounded through resistor R9. The collector of transistor T1 is connected to the MCU in BMS through resistor R7. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D3, the positive terminal of diode D3 is connected to the collector of transistor T2, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to power supply VDD, the emitter of transistor T2 is connected to the base of transistor T2 through resistor R13, and the base of transistor T2 is connected to the MCU in BMS through resistor R15.

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