Ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and pollution discharge functions
By designing an ammonia water evaporator that integrates evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions, the problems of single equipment function and difficult maintenance in the existing technology have been solved. It achieves efficient ammonia water evaporation and ammonia gas dilution and mixing, reduces costs, and simplifies the sewage discharge process.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WISDRI WUHAN WIS IND FURNACE
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing ammonia evaporators in denitrification systems suffer from problems such as limited evaporation function, complex mixing, and inconvenient sewage discharge, resulting in high equipment costs and difficult maintenance.
An ammonia evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sludge discharge functions was designed. It includes an ammonia evaporator, a sludge discharge pipe, a diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe, a hot air inlet, an ammonia gas injector and a dual-fluid spray gun. Combined with a cyclone mixer and a temperature detection port, it realizes the process conversion of ammonia evaporation and ammonia gas dilution and mixing. The mixing effect is improved by the cyclone mixer and the fluid disperser. It is equipped with a detachable flange for easy sludge discharge.
It achieves efficient conversion between ammonia water evaporation and ammonia gas dilution and mixing, reduces equipment costs, simplifies the sewage discharge process, and improves mixing effect and cleaning convenience.
Smart Images
Figure CN224252540U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of denitrification equipment, and more specifically, to an ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge functions. Background Technology
[0002] Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a technology that uses a reducing agent (such as ammonia, liquid ammonia, or urea) to selectively react with nitrogen oxides in flue gas under the action of a catalyst, producing non-toxic and pollution-free nitrogen and water. The reducing agent in SCR is mostly a 20% (w / w) ammonia or urea solution. However, when using urea solution, pyrolysis requires a hot air temperature of 650°C, which is not only energy-intensive but also more corrosive than ammonia solution, placing higher demands on the materials of the denitrification system's reaction vessel. Therefore, currently, small and medium-sized denitrification systems using ammonia are more commonly used.
[0003] There are two situations when ammonia water evaporation is used in denitrification systems. One is to use hot air evaporation. This type of evaporator generally adopts a shell structure and has no internal turbulence components. It only has the evaporation function and does not have the mixing function. Some of them adopt a horizontal structure, which is not conducive to the sewage discharge and cleaning of the evaporator. The other is to use steam evaporation and then mix the evaporated ammonia gas through a separate ammonia-air mixer. The structure is more complex and the equipment cost is higher.
[0004] Therefore, an ammonia water evaporator that integrates evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions is needed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an ammonia evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge functions, which can realize the conversion of ammonia evaporation and ammonia dilution and mixing processes, enhance the mixing effect while taking into account the cleaning and sewage discharge functions, and reduce equipment costs.
[0006] This application is implemented as follows:
[0007] This application provides an ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions, comprising an ammonia water evaporator, a sewage discharge pipe connected to the bottom of the ammonia water evaporator, a diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe connected to the top of the ammonia water evaporator, a hot air inlet connected to the side wall of the sewage discharge pipe, an ammonia gas injector, and a dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia water evaporator is provided with a spray connection pipe, which can selectively connect to one of the ammonia gas injector and the dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia water evaporator is provided with a temperature detection hole located above the spray connection pipe, and at least one cyclone mixer located above the temperature detection hole is provided inside the ammonia water evaporator.
[0008] In some alternative implementations, the bottom of the drain pipe is connected to a removable first blind flange.
[0009] In some alternative implementations, the ammonia evaporator is provided with an operating manhole connected to a removable second blind flange.
[0010] In some alternative implementations, the ammonia evaporator is provided with at least two cyclone mixers, with an operating manhole located between the two cyclone mixers.
[0011] In some alternative embodiments, the cyclone mixer includes a central column, an inner ring fitted on the central column, an outer ring fitted on the inner ring, a plurality of inner ring blades spaced apart circumferentially along the inner ring, and a plurality of outer ring blades spaced apart circumferentially along the outer ring. The outer ring is connected to the inner wall of the ammonia evaporator, the inner ring blades are respectively connected to the outer wall of the central column and the inner wall of the inner ring, and the outer ring blades are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring and the inner wall of the outer ring. The swirl directions of the inner ring blades and the outer ring blades are opposite.
[0012] In some alternative embodiments, the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator is connected to an evaporation cylinder support. The evaporation cylinder support includes at least two support ring plates sleeved on the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator, multiple fixing plates connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator, multiple connecting plates, and multiple support plates. Each connecting plate is connected to a fixing plate and the uppermost support ring plate, and each support plate is connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator and two adjacent support ring plates.
[0013] In some alternative implementations, the ammonia evaporator and the diluted ammonia exhaust pipe are connected by a first metal corrugated expansion joint.
[0014] In some alternative implementations, the drain pipe and the hot air inlet are connected by a second corrugated metal expansion joint.
[0015] In some alternative implementations, a buffer mesh is provided at the bottom of the ammonia evaporator.
[0016] In some alternative embodiments, the ammonia evaporator is provided with a fluid disperser located above the injection connection pipe. The fluid disperser includes an inverted conical dispersion plate with multiple rows of dispersion holes. The multiple rows of dispersion holes are spaced apart along the height direction of the dispersion plate, and each row of dispersion holes is spaced apart along the circumference of the dispersion plate. The diameter of each row of dispersion holes gradually increases from bottom to top.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sludge discharge function provided by this application includes an ammonia water evaporator, a sludge discharge pipe connected to the bottom of the ammonia water evaporator, a diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe connected to the top of the ammonia water evaporator, a hot air inlet connected to the side wall of the sludge discharge pipe, an ammonia gas injector, and a dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia water evaporator is equipped with a spray connection pipe, which can selectively connect to either the ammonia gas injector or the dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia water evaporator is equipped with a temperature detection hole located above the spray connection pipe, and at least one cyclone mixer located above the temperature detection hole is provided inside the ammonia water evaporator. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sludge discharge function provided by this application can realize the conversion of ammonia water evaporation and ammonia gas dilution and mixing processes by changing the connection of the ammonia gas injector and the dual-fluid spray gun to the ammonia water evaporator. This enhances the mixing effect while also taking into account the cleaning and sludge discharge function, thus reducing equipment costs. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a partial perspective structural diagram of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 1 of this application when connected to an ammonia gas injector.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial perspective view of the ammonia evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 1 of this application when connected to a dual-fluid spray gun.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial perspective magnified structural diagram of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 1 of this application when connected to an ammonia gas injector.
[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial perspective magnified structural diagram of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 1 of this application when connected to a dual-fluid spray gun;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone mixer in the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial perspective structural diagram of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 2 of this application when connected to an ammonia gas injector.
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid disperser in the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.
[0026] In the diagram: 100, Ammonia evaporator; 110, Drain pipe; 120, Diluted ammonia exhaust pipe; 130, Hot air inlet; 140, Ammonia injector; 150, Dual-fluid spray gun; 160, Injection connection pipe; 170, Temperature detection port; 180, First blind flange; 190, Operating manhole; 200, Second blind flange; 210, First corrugated metal expansion joint; 220, Second corrugated metal expansion joint; 230, Buffer mesh; 300, Cyclone mixer; 310, Central column; 320, Inner ring; 330, Outer ring; 340, Inner ring blades; 350, Outer ring blades; 400, Evaporator support; 410, Support ring plate; 420, Fixing plate; 430, Connecting plate; 440, Support plate; 500, Fluid disperser; 510, Dispersion plate; 520, Dispersion hole. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0029] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0030] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0031] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0032] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0034] The features and performance of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing and sewage discharge function of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, this application embodiment provides an ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions, which includes a vertically arranged ammonia water evaporator 100, a sewage pipe 110 connected to the bottom of the ammonia water evaporator 100, a diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe 120 connected to the top of the ammonia water evaporator 100, a hot air inlet 130 connected to the side wall of the sewage pipe 110, an ammonia gas injector 140, and a dual-fluid spray gun 150. The bottom outer wall of the ammonia water evaporator 100 is provided with a spray connection pipe 160, which can connect to one of the ammonia gas injector 140 and the dual-fluid spray gun 150. The ammonia gas injector 140 is a spray pipe with spaced through holes on its wall. The ammonia evaporator 100 is provided with a temperature detection port 170 located above the injection connection pipe 160, and a detachable first blind flange 180 is connected to the bottom of the drain pipe 110; the ammonia evaporator 100 is provided with two cyclone mixers 300 arranged vertically and vertically and located above the temperature detection port 170, and the ammonia evaporator 100 is provided with an operating manhole 190 located between the two cyclone mixers 300, and the operating manhole 190 is connected to a detachable second blind flange 200; the ammonia evaporator 100 and the diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe 120 are connected by a first metal corrugated expansion joint 210, and the drain pipe 110 and the hot air inlet 130 are connected by a second metal corrugated expansion joint 220.
[0037] The cyclone mixer 300 includes a central column 310, an inner ring 320 sleeved on the central column 310, an outer ring 330 sleeved on the inner ring 320, multiple inner ring blades 340 spaced apart circumferentially along the inner ring 320, and multiple outer ring blades 350 spaced apart circumferentially along the outer ring 330. The outer ring 330 is connected to the inner wall of the ammonia evaporator 100. The inner ring blades 340 are respectively connected to the outer wall of the central column 310 and the inner wall of the inner ring 320. The outer ring blades 350 are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring 320 and the inner wall of the outer ring 330. The swirl directions of the inner ring blades 340 and the outer ring blades 350 are opposite. The swirl directions of the inner ring blades 340 of two adjacent cyclone mixers 300 are opposite.
[0038] An evaporation cylinder support 400 is connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100. The evaporation cylinder support 400 includes two support ring plates 410 arranged vertically and fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100, four fixing plates 420 arranged circumferentially around the ammonia evaporator 100 and connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100, eight connecting plates 430, and four support plates 440 arranged circumferentially around the ammonia evaporator 100. Each connecting plate 430 is connected to a fixing plate 420 and the uppermost support ring plate 410. Each fixing plate 420 is connected to two connecting plates 430. Each support plate 440 is connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100 and two adjacent support ring plates 410.
[0039] The ammonia evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions provided in this application embodiment can switch between two operating modes: ammonia evaporation and dilution mixing, and ammonia and air dilution mixing. During operation, hot air is introduced into the sewage discharge pipe 110 through the hot air inlet 130 and then rises into the ammonia evaporator 100. At this time, one end of the ammonia injector 140 can be inserted into the ammonia evaporator 100 through the injection connection pipe 160, and ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonia evaporator 100 through the ammonia injector 140 and mixed with the hot air to achieve ammonia and air dilution mixing. After being evenly mixed by the two cyclone mixers 300 above, it is discharged through the top diluted ammonia discharge pipe 120, realizing the ammonia and air dilution mixing operation. When ammonia evaporation and dilution mixing operation is required, simply add ammonia... The air injector 140 is separated from the injection connection pipe 160. One end of the nozzle of the dual-fluid spray gun 150 is inserted into the ammonia evaporator 100 through the injection connection pipe 160. Ammonia and compressed air are introduced into the dual-fluid spray gun 150 through the two inlets and mixed in the dual-fluid spray gun 150. At the same time, the mixed ammonia solution is atomized through the nozzle and sprayed into the ammonia evaporator 100 to mix with the hot air. After being mixed evenly by the two cyclone mixers 300 above, it is discharged through the top dilution ammonia gas discharge pipe 120. This realizes the switching between two working conditions: ammonia evaporation and dilution mixing, and ammonia gas and air dilution mixing. The wastewater generated during the operation flows down to the bottom drain pipe 110 for storage. The wastewater can be discharged periodically by opening the first blind flange 180 connected to the bottom of the drain pipe 110.
[0040] The hot air inlet 130, which enters the drain pipe 110, has a temperature greater than 180°C and is used to evaporate the ammonia solution sprayed into the ammonia evaporator 100. The bottom of the ammonia evaporator 100 is provided with a variable diameter section whose pipe diameter gradually increases from bottom to top. This variable diameter section can reduce the flow rate of the hot air entering the ammonia evaporator 100 from the drain pipe 110 and extend the residence time of the hot air so that the atomized ammonia solution has enough time to mix fully with the hot air and achieve complete evaporation. In order to ensure that the ammonia in the ammonia evaporator 100 is fully evaporated, the hot air temperature needs to be controlled to ensure that the temperature inside the ammonia evaporator 100 is above 120°C. Therefore, a temperature detection hole 170 is provided above the injection connection pipe 160 to insert a temperature sensor to detect the temperature for process adjustment.
[0041] By installing two-stage cyclone mixers 300 inside the ammonia evaporator 100, ammonia gas is fully mixed with air. The cyclone mixer 300 includes inner ring blades 340 and outer ring blades 350 with opposite swirl directions. The inner ring blades 340 and outer ring blades 350 of two adjacent cyclone mixers 300 have opposite swirl directions, which can ensure that the ammonia gas guided through the ammonia evaporator 100 is fully and evenly mixed with air before being discharged.
[0042] The ammonia evaporator 100 and the diluted ammonia gas discharge pipe 120 are connected by a first metal corrugated expansion joint 210, and the drain pipe 110 and the hot air inlet 130 are connected by a second metal corrugated expansion joint 220. The first metal corrugated expansion joint 210 and the second metal corrugated expansion joint 220 can absorb the thermal expansion of the pipes and avoid damage from temperature changes in the pipes. An evaporator support 400 is connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100. The evaporator support 400 includes two support ring plates 410 that are arranged vertically and fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100, four fixing plates 420 that are arranged circumferentially around the ammonia evaporator 100 and connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100, eight support plates 440 that are respectively connected to one fixing plate 420 and the uppermost support ring plate 410, and four support plates 440 that are respectively connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator 100 and two adjacent support ring plates 410. This ensures that the evaporator support 400 is stably connected to the ammonia evaporator 100 and is firmly supported on the on-site structural steel beam for operation.
[0043] Example 2
[0044] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, this application embodiment provides an ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions. Its structure is roughly the same as that of the ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions provided in Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, a buffer net 230 is provided at the bottom of the ammonia water evaporator 100, located below the injection connection pipe 160; a fluid disperser 500 is provided inside the ammonia water evaporator 100, located between the injection connection pipe 160 and the temperature detection hole 170. The fluid disperser 500 includes an inverted conical dispersion plate 510, on which twelve rows of dispersion holes 520 are provided. The twelve rows of dispersion holes 520 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the dispersion plate 510. Each row of dispersion holes 520 includes dispersion holes 520 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the dispersion plate 510. The diameter of each row of dispersion holes 520 gradually increases from bottom to top.
[0045] The ammonia evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge function provided in this application embodiment has a buffer net 230 located at the bottom of the ammonia evaporator 100 below the spray connection pipe 160. The buffer net 230 can block and slow down the hot air entering the ammonia evaporator 100 through the sewage discharge pipe 110, ensuring that the hot air is fully mixed with the ammonia above to achieve evaporation. In addition, the ammonia evaporator 100 is equipped with a fluid disperser 500 located between the spray connection pipe 160 and the temperature detection hole 170. The inverted conical dispersion plate 510 of the fluid disperser 500 can block and guide the sprayed ammonia and hot air below, ensuring that the hot air is fully mixed with the ammonia above. After rising through the dispersion holes 520 and the outside of the dispersion plate 510, it is further mixed by the cyclone mixer 300, effectively improving the evaporation and mixing effect.
[0046] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. The detailed description of the embodiments of this application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. An ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and wastewater discharge functions, characterized in that, It includes an ammonia evaporator, a drain pipe connected to the bottom of the ammonia evaporator, a dilute ammonia gas discharge pipe connected to the top of the ammonia evaporator, a hot air inlet connected to the side wall of the drain pipe, an ammonia injector, and a dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia evaporator is provided with a spray connection pipe, which can selectively connect to one of the ammonia injector and the dual-fluid spray gun. The ammonia evaporator is provided with a temperature detection hole located above the spray connection pipe. The ammonia evaporator is provided with at least one cyclone mixer located above the temperature detection hole.
2. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the drain pipe is connected to a detachable first blind flange.
3. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia evaporator is equipped with an operating manhole, which is connected to a detachable second blind flange.
4. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ammonia evaporator is equipped with at least two cyclone mixers, and the operating manhole is located between the two cyclone mixers.
5. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and wastewater discharge function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone mixer includes a central column, an inner ring sleeved on the central column, an outer ring sleeved on the inner ring, a plurality of inner ring blades spaced apart circumferentially along the inner ring, and a plurality of outer ring blades spaced apart circumferentially along the outer ring. The outer ring is connected to the inner wall of the ammonia evaporator. The inner ring blades are respectively connected to the outer wall of the central column and the inner wall of the inner ring. The outer ring blades are respectively connected to the outer wall of the inner ring and the inner wall of the outer ring. The swirl directions of the inner ring blades and the outer ring blades are opposite.
6. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the ammonia evaporator is connected to an evaporation cylinder support. The evaporation cylinder support includes at least two support ring plates sleeved on the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator, multiple fixing plates connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator, multiple connecting plates, and multiple support plates. Each connecting plate is connected to one fixing plate and the uppermost support ring plate. Each support plate is connected to the outer wall of the ammonia evaporator and two adjacent support ring plates.
7. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and wastewater discharge function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia evaporator and the diluted ammonia discharge pipe are connected by a first metal corrugated expansion joint.
8. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drain pipe and the hot air inlet are connected by a second metal corrugated expansion joint.
9. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and sewage discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the ammonia evaporator is equipped with a buffer net.
10. The ammonia water evaporator with evaporation, mixing, and wastewater discharge function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ammonia evaporator is equipped with a fluid disperser located above the injection connection pipe. The fluid disperser includes an inverted conical dispersion plate with multiple rows of dispersion holes. The multiple rows of dispersion holes are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the dispersion plate, and each row of dispersion holes is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the dispersion plate. The diameter of each row of dispersion holes gradually increases from bottom to top.