Electric winch

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric winch which comprises a base, a cable storage mechanism, a driving mechanism, a speed reducer, a cable arrangement mechanism and a synchronous transmission mechanism. Wherein one end of the driving cable storage mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism through the speed reducer; the other end of the driving cable storage mechanism is connected with the cable arrangement mechanism through the synchronous transmission mechanism, so that the driving cable storage mechanism and the cable arrangement mechanism rotate synchronously, and synchronous operation of cable winding and unwinding and cable arrangement is achieved through mutual cooperation of the driving mechanism, the cable storage mechanism, the cable arrangement mechanism and the synchronous transmission mechanism. When the cable is collected, the cable arranging mechanism can enable the cable to orderly move in a reciprocating mode in the length direction of the cable arranging mechanism and to be evenly wound on the cable storage mechanism. When the cable is unwound, the cable is uniformly released according to the cable winding sequence, so that the inner-layer cable is prevented from slipping or being disordered due to looseness of the outer layer, and the operation efficiency and the cable management standardization are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical technology, specifically to an electric winch. Background Technology

[0002] Electric winches, as representatives of light and small lifting equipment, lift and pull heavy objects by winding steel wire ropes or chains on a drum. Because they are easy to operate, can wind a considerable amount of rope, and are easy to move, they can not only undertake work tasks independently, but also serve as core components of large lifting machinery, playing a key role in scenarios such as construction, mining, and port loading and unloading.

[0003] Marine electric winches, as specialized equipment for ship operations, can be broadly categorized into manual and electric types based on their power source. Manual electric winches are driven by human power, and their handle rotation transmission mechanism incorporates a built-in stop (ratchet and pawl) forming a safety locking system. This system precisely controls the suspension of heavy objects, preventing accidental slippage. When assembling precision equipment or lifting small to medium-sized objects, manual electric winches are further equipped with safety handles and brakes, providing double protection. These electric winches, due to their lack of electrical support and compact structure, are commonly used for ship repairs with smaller lifting capacities, offshore resupply, or in remote docks lacking power infrastructure.

[0004] Compared to manual winches, electric winches, with their powerful output and automated control, have become the mainstay of heavy-load ship operations, widely used in scenarios requiring heavy traction such as cargo loading and unloading, anchoring operations, and maritime rescue. Single-drum electric winches use an electric motor as the power source, amplifying the torque through a reducer to drive the drum's rotation. A high-performance brake is installed between the electric motor and the reducer input shaft to achieve rapid power cut-off and smooth braking. To meet the complex operational needs of ships, double-drum and multi-drum electric winches have emerged, capable of simultaneously performing multiple tasks such as lifting, traction, and rotation, greatly improving operational efficiency. For example, in deep-sea research vessel operations, multi-drum electric winches can simultaneously control the lowering of detection equipment and the retrieval of sampling devices, ensuring efficient mission progress.

[0005] However, existing electric winches have significant limitations in practical applications on ships. To ensure operational stability, electric winches are typically equipped with heavy counterweight bases to enhance resistance to wind, waves, and swaying, but this also results in excessive weight. For example, a common 30-ton marine electric winch, including its counterweight base, can weigh 5-8 tons, requiring the use of shipboard cranes or dockside cranes for transport. In environments with limited deck space and frequent operations, each lifting operation is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also requires professional personnel, increasing the risk of collisions and scrapes, while also occupying the usage time of other equipment and reducing overall operational efficiency. Furthermore, frequent lifting can damage the winch's structure, shorten its lifespan, and increase maintenance costs. These problems urgently need to be addressed through innovative design and technological improvements. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric winch to solve the technical problems of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an electric winch, which includes:

[0008] Base 1 is used to provide a mounting base for the various components of the electric winch;

[0009] Cable storage mechanism 2, for which cables can be wound around the cable storage mechanism;

[0010] Drive mechanism 3 is used to drive cable storage mechanism 2;

[0011] Gearbox 4;

[0012] The cable laying mechanism 5 is used to orderly move the cable back and forth along the length of the cable laying mechanism when the cable is being pulled up, so that the cable is wound around the cable storage mechanism; when the cable is being released, the cable is released evenly in the order of the cable being pulled up, so as to prevent the inner layer cable from slipping or becoming tangled due to the looseness of the outer layer.

[0013] Synchronous transmission mechanism 6;

[0014] One end of the drive cable storage mechanism 2 is connected to the drive mechanism 3 via a reducer 4; the other end of the drive cable storage mechanism 2 is connected to the cable laying mechanism 5 via a synchronous transmission mechanism 6, so that the drive cable storage mechanism 2 and the cable laying mechanism 5 rotate synchronously.

[0015] Furthermore, the cable storage mechanism 2 includes:

[0016] At least one set of cable storage mounting brackets 201 are fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0017] At least one roller shaft 202 is mounted on a corresponding cable storage mounting frame 201;

[0018] At least one roller 203 is mounted on a roller shaft 202;

[0019] Driven gear 204 is fixedly installed on one end of roller shaft 202 near reducer 4;

[0020] The drive shaft mounting bracket 205 is fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0021] The drive shaft 206 is mounted on the drive shaft mounting bracket 205;

[0022] The drive gear 207 is mounted on the drive shaft 206;

[0023] The drive shaft 206 is connected to the output end of the reducer 4, and the driven gear 204 and the drive gear 207 mesh with each other.

[0024] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 3 includes:

[0025] The drive motor 301 is mounted on the base 1;

[0026] The drive shaft 302 has one end mounted on the drive end of the drive motor 301;

[0027] The other end of the drive shaft 302 is connected to the input end of the reducer 4.

[0028] Furthermore, the electric winch also includes a braking mechanism 7 for braking the drive end of the drive mechanism 3; the braking mechanism 7 is mounted on the drive shaft 302.

[0029] Furthermore, the braking mechanism 7 includes:

[0030] Brake wheel 701 is fixedly mounted on drive shaft 302;

[0031] Cylinder 702, which is mounted on base 1;

[0032] A brake mounting bracket 703 is mounted on a base 1; the upper end of the brake mounting bracket 703 is fixedly connected to a corner away from the cylinder 702 by a first fixed shaft 704, and the remaining triangular parts of the brake mounting bracket 703 are hinged.

[0033] A set of clamping arc-shaped plates 705 are respectively connected to the middle end of the brake mounting bracket 703;

[0034] A set of triangular connecting plates 706, the first connecting ends 707 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are connected and hinged to the telescopic end of the cylinder 702; the second connecting ends 708 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are fixedly fitted on the upper end of the brake mounting bracket 703 near a corner of the cylinder 702; the third connecting ends 709 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are connected to each other through a second fixed shaft 710.

[0035] The connecting rod 711 has one end fixedly connected to the second fixed shaft 710 and the other end fixedly connected to the first fixed shaft 704;

[0036] A compression spring mounting frame 712 is mounted at one end on a brake mounting bracket 703 on the side closest to the cylinder 702;

[0037] A sliding mounting rod 713, one end of which is fixedly mounted on a brake mounting bracket 703 located at a corner of the upper end away from the cylinder 702;

[0038] Spring 714 is mounted on sliding mounting rod 713;

[0039] The pressure plate 715 has its upper end attached to the compression spring mounting frame 712, and its center is mounted on the other end of the sliding mounting rod 713.

[0040] In this process, the cylinder 702 extends and retracts upward, causing the triangular connecting plate 706 to rotate, which in turn causes the connecting rod 711 to move downward, causing the left brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the right, and causing the left clamping arc-shaped piece 705 to press against the brake wheel 701. When the triangular connecting plate 706 rotates, it causes the right brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the left, and the right clamping arc-shaped piece 705 presses against the brake wheel 701, thus braking the brake wheel 701. When the right brake mounting bracket 703 rotates to the left, the frame of the brake mounting bracket 703 presses against the pressure plate 715, which in turn compresses the spring 714, generating a clamping force.

[0041] Furthermore, the cable laying mechanism 5 includes:

[0042] At least one set of cable mounting brackets 501 are fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0043] At least one lead screw 502, with its two ends respectively mounted on the cable mounting bracket 501;

[0044] At least two guide shafts 503 are respectively mounted on the cable mounting bracket 501 at both ends;

[0045] The cable rack 504 is mounted on the lead screw 502 in the middle via a ball nut 505, and its two ends are respectively fitted onto the guide shaft 503;

[0046] At least one set of vertical cable guide wheels 506 are installed at the lower end of the cable rack 504;

[0047] The cable rack 504 moves linearly along the length of the screw 502 by rotating the screw 502.

[0048] Furthermore, the synchronous transmission mechanism 6 includes:

[0049] The main drive gear 601 is mounted on the end of the drum shaft 202 away from the reducer 4;

[0050] The transmission gear 602 is mounted on one end of the lead screw 502;

[0051] The rack 603 meshes with the main drive gear 601 and the driven gear 602.

[0052] Furthermore, a cable-laying clutch 8 is provided at the connection between the synchronous transmission mechanism 6 and the drive cable storage mechanism 2; a roller clutch 9 is provided at the connection between the drive cable storage mechanism 2 and the reducer 4.

[0053] Furthermore, a braking mechanism 10 is provided on the roller shaft 202, which is used for control.

[0054] Furthermore, a brake mechanism 10 is provided on the roller shaft 202, the brake mechanism 10 being used to control the speed of the roller 203 and to stop the roller 203 from rotating; the brake mechanism 10 includes:

[0055] A set of support rods 1001, the bottom of which is slidably mounted on the base 1;

[0056] A set of brake pads 1002 are respectively hinged and installed on the middle of the corresponding support rods 1001;

[0057] A set of internally threaded rings 1003 are respectively installed on the top of the corresponding support rods 1001; the internal threads of the two internally threaded rings 1003 are in different directions;

[0058] The screw 1004 is inserted into a set of internally threaded rings 1003;

[0059] The handle 1005 is mounted on one end of the screw 1004.

[0060] When the handle 1005 is rotated, the screw 1004 rotates, and the two internal threaded rings 1003 move relative to each other along the length of the screw 1004, which drives the brake pads 1002 to gradually approach the outer surface of the end of the roller 203, thereby controlling the speed of the roller 203 and stopping the roller 203 from rotating.

[0061] In the above technical solution, the synchronous operation of cable winding and unwinding is achieved through the cooperation of the drive mechanism, cable storage mechanism, cable laying mechanism, and synchronous transmission mechanism. When winding the cable, the cable laying mechanism allows the cable to move back and forth in an orderly manner along its length and be evenly wound around the cable storage mechanism; when unwinding the cable, the cable is released evenly in the order of winding, avoiding slippage or tangling of the inner cable due to the looseness of the outer layer, which significantly improves the efficiency of operation and the standardization of cable management.

[0062] The cable storage mechanism employs gear transmission, with the driving gear meshing with the driven gear and working in conjunction with a reducer to transmit power stably and efficiently, ensuring smooth drum rotation and meeting the traction and speed requirements under various working conditions. The connection design of the drive motor, drive shaft, and reducer in the drive mechanism further guarantees the stability and reliability of power transmission.

[0063] The braking mechanism, mounted on the drive shaft, works in conjunction with components such as cylinders, triangular connecting plates, and clamping arc-shaped plates to quickly and reliably brake the drive end of the drive mechanism, rapidly cutting off power in emergencies to prevent accidents. Simultaneously, the braking mechanism on the drum shaft precisely controls the drum's speed and stops its rotation, providing dual safety assurance for electric winch operations and reducing the risk of accidents.

[0064] By incorporating a cable-laying clutch and a drum clutch, the electric winch can flexibly control the power connection of each mechanism in different operating scenarios. For example, when the cable-laying function is not required or when equipment debugging is being performed, the cable-laying clutch can be disengaged; during maintenance or special operations, the drum clutch can be used to disconnect the power connection between the drum and the reducer, enhancing the flexibility of equipment operation and the convenience of maintenance.

[0065] Key components of each mechanism, such as roller shafts, lead screws, and guide shafts, are designed and installed using appropriate methods to ensure operational stability and coaxiality. Furthermore, the use of high-strength materials and wear-resistant parts, such as brake pads made of high-friction composite materials, improves the overall durability and lifespan of the equipment, reducing maintenance frequency and costs. Attached Figure Description

[0066] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0067] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the electric winch of this utility model.

[0068] Figure 2 for Figure 1Side view.

[0069] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a cable storage and mounting rack.

[0070] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism.

[0072] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cable laying mechanism.

[0073] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous transmission mechanism.

[0074] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the braking mechanism.

[0075] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Side view.

[0076] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the braking mechanism.

[0077] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0078] 1. Base; 2. Cable storage mechanism; 201. Cable storage mounting frame; 202. Roller shaft; 203. Roller; 204. Driven gear; 205. Drive shaft mounting frame; 206. Drive shaft; 207. Drive gear; 3. Drive mechanism; 301. Drive motor; 302. Drive shaft; 4. Reducer; 5. Cable routing mechanism; 501. Cable routing mounting frame; 502. Lead screw; 503. Guide shaft; 504. Cable routing frame; 505. Ball nut; 506. Vertical cable guide wheel; 6. Synchronous transmission mechanism; 601. Main transmission gear; 602. Driven transmission gear; 603. Rack; 7. Brake. 701. Brake wheel; 702. Cylinder; 703. Brake mounting bracket; 704. First fixed shaft; 705. Clamping arc-shaped plate; 706. Triangular connecting plate; 707. First connecting end; 708. Second connecting end; 709. Third connecting end; 710. Second fixed shaft; 711. Connecting rod; 712. Compression spring mounting frame; 713. Sliding mounting rod; 714. Spring; 715. Pressure plate; 8. Cable clutch; 9. Roller clutch; 10. Brake mechanism; 1001. Support rod; 1002. Brake pad; 1003. Internal threaded ring; 1004. Screw; 1005. Handle. Detailed Implementation

[0079] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0080] like Figure 1-10 As shown, the electric winch includes: a base 1, which provides a mounting base for the various components of the electric winch.

[0081] Specifically, the base 1 serves as the foundation of the entire electric winch, providing a stable mounting base for all its components. It is typically constructed from high-strength steel through welding or casting, possessing excellent rigidity and stability, capable of withstanding the enormous tensile and torque forces generated during winch operation. In its design, the base 1 surface features precise mounting holes and positioning grooves to ensure accurate installation of all components, reducing operational malfunctions caused by installation errors. Additionally, the bottom of the base 1 can be equipped with shock-absorbing rubber pads or anchor bolts. The former effectively reduces vibration and noise during winch operation, while the latter firmly secures the winch to the ground or deck, ensuring safe operation.

[0082] The electric winch also includes: a cable storage mechanism 2, on which cables can be wound;

[0083] Furthermore, the cable storage mechanism 2 includes:

[0084] At least one set of cable storage mounting brackets 201 are fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0085] At least one roller shaft 202 is mounted on a corresponding cable storage mounting frame 201;

[0086] At least one roller 203 is mounted on a roller shaft 202;

[0087] Driven gear 204 is fixedly installed on one end of roller shaft 202 near reducer 4;

[0088] The drive shaft mounting bracket 205 is fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0089] The drive shaft 206 is mounted on the drive shaft mounting bracket 205;

[0090] The drive gear 207 is mounted on the drive shaft 206;

[0091] The drive shaft 206 is connected to the output end of the reducer 4, and the driven gear 204 and the drive gear 207 mesh with each other.

[0092] Specifically, the cable storage mechanism 2 is the core component of the electric winch for realizing the cable winding and unwinding function. Its ingenious structural design makes cable management more orderly and efficient. The mechanism mainly consists of a cable storage mounting frame 201, a roller shaft 202, a roller 203, a driven gear 204, a drive shaft mounting frame 205, a drive shaft 206, and a drive gear 207.

[0093] At least one set of cable storage mounting brackets 201 is vertically fixed on the base 1, serving as the supporting frame for the entire cable storage mechanism 2. It is made of robust profiles, possessing sufficient strength and stability to withstand the pressure from the roller shaft 202, the roller 203, and the weights wound around the cables. The mounting bracket 201 is equipped with high-precision bearing mounting holes for installing the roller shaft 202, ensuring smooth rotation of the roller shaft 202.

[0094] The roller shaft 202 is mounted on the corresponding cable storage rack 201, serving as the rotation center shaft of the roller 203. It is typically made of high-quality alloy steel and undergoes heat treatment to enhance its hardness and wear resistance. Both ends of the roller shaft 202 are connected to the rack 201 via bearings. This design not only reduces frictional resistance during rotation but also ensures good concentricity of the roller shaft 202 under high load conditions, preventing eccentric rotation of the roller 203 and ensuring proper cable winding and unwinding.

[0095] At least one roller 203 is mounted on the roller shaft 202 and serves as the direct carrier for cable winding. The surface of the roller 203 is typically machined with spiral grooves. When the roller 203 rotates, the cable is neatly arranged along these grooves, effectively preventing tangling and overlapping during winding, thus improving cable lifespan and the efficiency of the electric winch. The diameter, length, and cable capacity of the roller 203 can be flexibly designed to adapt to different cable specifications and operating scenarios, based on actual usage requirements.

[0096] Driven gear 204 is fixedly mounted on the end of roller shaft 202 near reducer 4. It meshes with drive gear 207, forming a key link in power transmission. Driven gear 204 typically adopts an involute tooth profile design, featuring smooth transmission and high load-bearing capacity. Through meshing with drive gear 207, driven gear 204 can accurately transmit the power from drive shaft 206 to roller shaft 202, driving roller 203 to rotate.

[0097] The drive shaft mounting bracket 205 is also fixedly mounted on the base 1, providing stable support for the drive shaft 206. Its structural design is similar to that of the cable storage mounting bracket 201, and it is made of high-strength materials. Precision machining ensures the coaxiality and perpendicularity of the drive shaft 206 after installation.

[0098] The drive shaft 206 is mounted on the drive shaft mounting bracket 205, with one end connected to the output end of the reducer 4 and the other end fitted with the drive gear 207. As a key component for power input, the drive shaft 206 needs to possess sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the torque transmitted from the reducer 4. During manufacturing, the drive shaft 206 undergoes rigorous flaw detection and dynamic balancing tests to ensure that it does not generate vibration or noise during high-speed rotation.

[0099] The drive gear 207 is mounted on the drive shaft 206 and meshes with the driven gear 204, transmitting the power output from the reducer 4 to the drum shaft 202. The gear ratio between the drive gear 207 and the driven gear 204 determines the rotational speed and torque of the drum 203. By rationally designing the gear ratio, the requirements for cable winding and unwinding speed and tension in different operating scenarios can be met. During operation, the power output from the reducer 4 drives the drive shaft 206 to rotate, and the drive gear 207 on the drive shaft 206 rotates accordingly. Through meshing with the driven gear 204, it transmits power to the drum shaft 202, ultimately achieving the rotation of the drum 203 and completing the cable winding and unwinding operation.

[0100] The electric winch also includes: a drive mechanism 3, used to drive the cable storage mechanism 2;

[0101] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 3 includes:

[0102] The drive motor 301 is mounted on the base 1;

[0103] The drive shaft 302 has one end mounted on the drive end of the drive motor 301;

[0104] The other end of the drive shaft 302 is connected to the input end of the reducer 4.

[0105] The electric winch also includes: a speed reducer 4.

[0106] Specifically, the drive mechanism 3, as the power core of the electric winch, undertakes the important mission of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmitting it to the cable storage mechanism 2. The coordinated operation of its core components, the drive motor 301, the drive shaft 302, and the reducer 4, lays the foundation for the efficient operation of the electric winch.

[0107] The drive motor 301 is typically a high-performance three-phase asynchronous motor or a servo motor, mounted on a specific motor mounting bracket on the base 1. The motor mounting bracket is precision-designed and machined, with a flat surface and shock-absorbing rubber pads, ensuring both coaxiality of the motor installation and effective absorption of vibrations and noise generated during motor operation. Three-phase asynchronous motors are suitable for general traction and lifting operations where speed and precision requirements are not high; they are simple in structure, easy to maintain, and have low cost. Servo motors, on the other hand, with their high precision and high response speed, are often used in applications requiring stringent cable reeling and unloading accuracy, such as ship anchoring systems and precision equipment installation.

[0108] The drive shaft 302 serves as a bridge connecting the drive motor 301 and the reducer 4. One end of it is tightly connected to the drive end of the drive motor 301 via a coupling. The coupling not only compensates for minor misalignments between the two shafts but also buffers the impact loads during motor startup and braking to a certain extent. The drive shaft 302 is made of high-strength alloy steel and undergoes heat treatment processes such as tempering and quenching to give it good strength, toughness, and wear resistance. The other end of the drive shaft 302 is connected to the input end of the reducer 4, achieving reliable power transmission through splines or keyways. During the design process, the diameter and length of the drive shaft 302 are precisely calculated based on the motor's power, speed, and the reducer's input requirements to ensure that deformation or breakage does not occur during the transmission of high torque.

[0109] The speed reducer 4 plays a crucial role in the drive mechanism 3 by reducing speed and increasing torque. Depending on the specific operational requirements, it can be a gear reducer, worm gear reducer, or planetary gear reducer. For example, in heavy-duty lifting operations requiring a large transmission ratio and low speed, the planetary gear reducer is the preferred choice due to its compact structure and high load-bearing capacity; while in applications with strict space requirements, the worm gear reducer is widely used due to its small footprint. The input end of the speed reducer 4 is connected to the drive shaft 302, and the output end is connected to the drive shaft 206 of the cable storage mechanism 2. Through the meshing transmission of the internal gear set, the high-speed rotation of the drive motor 301 is converted into a low-speed, high-torque motion suitable for cable winding and unwinding.

[0110] Furthermore, the electric winch also includes a braking mechanism 7 for braking the drive end of the drive mechanism 3; the braking mechanism 7 is mounted on the drive shaft 302.

[0111] Furthermore, the braking mechanism 7 includes:

[0112] Brake wheel 701 is fixedly mounted on drive shaft 302;

[0113] Cylinder 702, which is mounted on base 1;

[0114] A brake mounting bracket 703 is mounted on a base 1; the upper end of the brake mounting bracket 703 is fixedly connected to a corner away from the cylinder 702 by a first fixed shaft 704, and the remaining triangular parts of the brake mounting bracket 703 are hinged.

[0115] A set of clamping arc-shaped plates 705 are respectively connected to the middle end of the brake mounting bracket 703;

[0116] A set of triangular connecting plates 706, the first connecting ends 707 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are connected and hinged to the telescopic end of the cylinder 702; the second connecting ends 708 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are fixedly fitted on the upper end of the brake mounting bracket 703 near a corner of the cylinder 702; the third connecting ends 709 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 are connected to each other through a second fixed shaft 710.

[0117] The connecting rod 711 has one end fixedly connected to the second fixed shaft 710 and the other end fixedly connected to the first fixed shaft 704;

[0118] A compression spring mounting frame 712 is mounted at one end on a brake mounting bracket 703 on the side closest to the cylinder 702;

[0119] A sliding mounting rod 713, one end of which is fixedly mounted on a brake mounting bracket 703 located at a corner of the upper end away from the cylinder 702;

[0120] Spring 714 is mounted on sliding mounting rod 713;

[0121] The pressure plate 715 has its upper end attached to the compression spring mounting frame 712, and its center is mounted on the other end of the sliding mounting rod 713.

[0122] In this process, the cylinder 702 extends and retracts upward, causing the triangular connecting plate 706 to rotate, which in turn causes the connecting rod 711 to move downward, causing the left brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the right, and causing the left clamping arc-shaped piece 705 to press against the brake wheel 701. When the triangular connecting plate 706 rotates, it causes the right brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the left, and the right clamping arc-shaped piece 705 presses against the brake wheel 701, thus braking the brake wheel 701. When the right brake mounting bracket 703 rotates to the left, the frame of the brake mounting bracket 703 presses against the pressure plate 715, which in turn compresses the spring 714, generating a clamping force.

[0123] Specifically, the braking mechanism 7 is a key component ensuring the safe operation of the electric winch. Its function is to quickly brake the drive end of the drive mechanism 3 when the electric winch stops working, in an emergency, or when the load is abnormal, preventing cable slippage or heavy objects from falling due to inertia. The braking mechanism 7 adopts a pneumatic clamping design, with multiple components such as the brake wheel 701, cylinder 702, and brake mounting bracket 703 working together to achieve efficient and reliable braking function.

[0124] The brake wheel 701, as the direct action object of the braking mechanism 7, is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 302, typically located at the end closest to the drive motor 301. The brake wheel 701 is made of a high-strength, high-wear-resistant alloy material, and its surface undergoes special treatment to achieve a high coefficient of friction, enhancing the friction between it and the clamping arc-shaped plate 705. Simultaneously, the structural design of the brake wheel 701 fully considers heat capacity and heat dissipation performance, preventing excessive temperature from affecting braking performance during frequent braking.

[0125] Cylinder 702, serving as the power source for braking mechanism 7, is mounted on a specially designed cylinder mounting bracket on base 1. Cylinder 702 is connected to an external compressed air system via an air pipe. When braking is required, compressed air enters the working chamber of cylinder 702, pushing the piston upwards; when braking is released, the compressed air in cylinder 702 is discharged, and the piston moves downwards under the action of a return spring. The model and specifications of cylinder 702 are selected based on the braking torque required to ensure sufficient braking force under various operating conditions.

[0126] The brake mounting bracket 703 serves as the support frame for the entire braking mechanism 7. Its unique hinged structure design allows for flexible rotation. The brake mounting bracket 703 is mounted on the base 1, with its upper end, at one corner away from the cylinder 702, fixedly connected via a first fixed shaft 704, forming a pivot point. The remaining triangular sections are all hinged. This design allows the brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate around the first fixed shaft 704 when subjected to external forces.

[0127] A set of clamping arc-shaped plates 705 are connected to the middle end of the brake mounting bracket 703, and their shape matches the outer surface of the brake wheel 701. The clamping arc-shaped plates 705 are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant friction material, and their inner surface has a special anti-slip texture to increase the friction between them and the brake wheel 701. When the brake mounting bracket 703 rotates, the clamping arc-shaped plates 705 can tightly fit against the brake wheel 701 to achieve reliable braking.

[0128] A set of triangular connecting plates 706 plays a role in force transmission and amplification during braking. The first connecting end 707 of the two triangular connecting plates 706 is hinged to the telescopic end of the cylinder 702, the second connecting end 708 is fixedly fitted on the upper end of the brake mounting bracket 703 near a corner of the cylinder 702, and the third connecting end 709 is connected to each other through the second fixed shaft 710. When the cylinder 702 extends or retracts upward, it drives the triangular connecting plates 706 to rotate around the second connecting end 708, which in turn drives the left brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the right through the connecting rod 711, so that the left clamping arc-shaped plate 705 is pressed against the brake wheel 701; at the same time, the rotation of the triangular connecting plates 706 also drives the right brake mounting bracket 703 to rotate to the left, so that the right clamping arc-shaped plate 705 is pressed against the brake wheel 701, thereby realizing bidirectional clamping braking of the brake wheel 701.

[0129] One end of the connecting rod 711 is fixedly connected to the second fixed shaft 710, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first fixed shaft 704. Its function is to convert the rotation of the triangular connecting plate 706 into the rotation of the brake mounting bracket 703, and to ensure the synchronous action of the brake mounting brackets 703 on both sides.

[0130] The compression spring mounting frame 712, the sliding mounting rod 713, the spring 714, and the pressure plate 715 together constitute the pressure adjustment system of the braking mechanism 7. One end of the compression spring mounting frame 712 is mounted on the brake mounting bracket 703 near the cylinder 702. One end of the sliding mounting rod 713 is fixedly mounted on the brake mounting bracket 703 at a corner away from the cylinder 702. The spring 714 is fitted onto the sliding mounting rod 713. The upper end of the pressure plate 715 overlaps the compression spring mounting frame 712, and its center is mounted on the other end of the sliding mounting rod 713. When the right brake mounting bracket 703 rotates to the left, the frame of the brake mounting bracket 703 presses against the pressure plate 715, causing the spring 714 to compress. The elastic force generated by the spring 714 further increases the pressure between the clamping arc-shaped plate 705 and the brake wheel 701, thereby enhancing the braking torque. When the brake is released, the elastic force of the spring 714 pushes the pressure plate 715 to return to its original position, causing the clamping arc-shaped plate 705 to separate from the brake wheel 701.

[0131] The electric winch also includes: a cable laying mechanism 5, which is used to move the cable back and forth in an orderly manner along the length of the cable laying mechanism when the cable is being pulled up, and to wind the cable onto the cable storage mechanism; when the cable is being released, the cable is released evenly in the order of the cable being pulled up, to prevent the inner cable from slipping or becoming tangled due to the loosening of the outer layer.

[0132] Furthermore, the cable laying mechanism 5 includes:

[0133] At least one set of cable mounting brackets 501 are fixedly mounted on the base 1;

[0134] At least one lead screw 502, with its two ends respectively mounted on the cable mounting bracket 501;

[0135] At least two guide shafts 503 are respectively mounted on the cable mounting bracket 501 at both ends;

[0136] The cable rack 504 is mounted on the lead screw 502 in the middle via a ball nut 505, and its two ends are respectively fitted onto the guide shaft 503;

[0137] At least one set of vertical cable guide wheels 506 are installed at the lower end of the cable rack 504;

[0138] The cable rack 504 moves linearly along the length of the screw 502 by rotating the screw 502.

[0139] Specifically, at least one set of cable-laying mounting brackets 501 is constructed from high-strength steel through welding or bolting, and is vertically fixed at a specific position on the base 1. Its structural design fully considers load distribution and mechanical properties, and its surface undergoes rust-proofing treatment (such as hot-dip galvanizing or spraying with an anti-corrosion coating), making it adaptable to complex environments such as marine and mining environments. The mounting brackets 501 have pre-drilled high-precision mounting holes for fixing the lead screw 502 and guide shaft 503, ensuring the installation accuracy and stability of the entire cable-laying mechanism.

[0140] The lead screw 502, as the core of the cable laying mechanism's power transmission, is mounted on the cable laying mounting bracket 501 at both ends via bearing seats, allowing for flexible rotation. The lead screw 502 is typically a high-precision trapezoidal lead screw or a ball screw.

[0141] For example, trapezoidal lead screws are suitable for scenarios with large loads and moderate precision requirements, and their tooth profile design can provide a large load-bearing capacity.

[0142] For example, ball screws can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction through the cyclic motion of balls, and the transmission efficiency is as high as 90% or more. They are often used in applications with extremely high precision requirements.

[0143] The pitch and length of the lead screw 502 are customized according to the diameter of the electric winch drum, the rope capacity and the cable specifications to ensure that the moving speed of the cable rack 504 matches the rotation speed of the drum and achieve uniform winding of the cable.

[0144] At least two guide shafts 503 are installed parallel to the lead screw 502, and both ends are fixed to the cable laying bracket 501. The guide shafts 503 are made of surface-hardened round steel, which has extremely high straightness and wear resistance. The cable laying bracket 504 is mounted on the guide shafts 503 at both ends by linear bearings. This design effectively restricts the radial movement of the cable laying bracket 504, allowing it to move linearly only along the axial direction of the lead screw 502, ensuring a smooth and wobbly cable laying process.

[0145] The cable tray 504, a key component connecting the lead screw 502 and the guide shaft 503, is connected to the lead screw 502 via a ball nut 505, and its linear bearings at both ends are connected to the guide shaft 503. When the lead screw 502 rotates, the ball nut 505 converts the rotational motion of the lead screw into the linear motion of the cable tray 504, while the guide shaft 503 provides stable support and guidance. The cable tray 504 typically employs a lightweight design (such as using aluminum alloy profiles) to reduce overall weight and minimize motion inertia while maintaining strength.

[0146] At least one set of vertical cable guide wheels 506 are installed at the lower end of the cable tray 504. The shape of their grooves precisely matches the outer diameter of the cable, effectively constraining the cable's movement trajectory. The guide wheels 506 typically use a metal hub wrapped in highly wear-resistant polyurethane material, which reduces friction between the cable and the grooves and prevents surface wear on the cable. During cable winding, the guide wheels 506 guide the cable to align neatly on the drum along the moving direction of the cable tray 504; during cable unwinding, the guide wheels 506 ensure that the cable is released evenly in the winding sequence, avoiding tangling caused by uneven tension.

[0147] When the electric winch starts the cable winding operation, the lead screw 502 is driven to rotate by a motor or reducer through a transmission device, causing the cable laying frame 504 to reciprocate linearly along the length of the lead screw 502. The vertical cable guide wheel 506 at the lower end of the cable laying frame 504 moves synchronously, evenly winding the cable onto the drum in a regular spiral arrangement. During the cable unwinding process, the lead screw 502 rotates in the opposite direction, and the cable laying frame 504 moves in the opposite direction along a preset path, ensuring that the cable is released in the same order as during winding, maintaining a tight arrangement of the cable on the drum.

[0148] The electric winch also includes: a synchronous transmission mechanism 6;

[0149] Furthermore, the synchronous transmission mechanism 6 includes:

[0150] The main drive gear 601 is mounted on the end of the drum shaft 202 away from the reducer 4;

[0151] The transmission gear 602 is mounted on one end of the lead screw 502;

[0152] The rack 603 meshes with the main drive gear 601 and the driven gear 602.

[0153] One end of the drive cable storage mechanism 2 is connected to the drive mechanism 3 via a reducer 4; the other end of the drive cable storage mechanism 2 is connected to the cable laying mechanism 5 via a synchronous transmission mechanism 6, so that the drive cable storage mechanism 2 and the cable laying mechanism 5 rotate synchronously.

[0154] Specifically, the main drive gear 601 is installed at the end of the drum shaft 202 away from the reducer 4. It typically adopts an involute cylindrical gear structure, made of 42CrMo alloy steel and carburized and quenched, with a tooth surface hardness of HRC58-62, ensuring excellent wear resistance and fatigue strength under high torque conditions. The gear module and number of teeth are customized according to the matching requirements of the drum speed and cable laying speed. For example, in a large electric winch with a rope capacity of 1000 meters, the main drive gear may adopt a module of 4 and a number of teeth of 30 to adapt to the speed ratio requirements of the screw drive. The gear is fixedly connected to the drum shaft via a flat key or spline to transmit the power generated by the drum rotation.

[0155] Driven gear 602 is mounted at one end of lead screw 502, forming a corresponding transmission relationship with main drive gear 601. Its tooth profile and module are consistent with the main drive gear, ensuring a constant transmission ratio during meshing. The special feature of the driven gear lies in its connection method with the lead screw: it is typically fixed using an expansion sleeve or high-precision locating pin, ensuring efficient torque transmission while facilitating disassembly and maintenance. To reduce operating noise and wear, the gear surface can be coated with a molybdenum disulfide coating, reducing the coefficient of friction to below 0.05.

[0156] The rack 603, a key component connecting the master and driven gears, is manufactured using a high-precision grinding process, with straightness error controlled within 0.02mm / m. It is primarily made of 45# steel that has undergone high-frequency quenching, achieving a tooth surface hardness of HRC48-52. Its length is designed according to the overall layout of the electric winch, typically covering the maximum relative displacement distance between the master and driven gears. The rack is fixed to a dedicated bracket on base 1 using high-strength bolts. During installation, strict calibration of levelness and parallelism is required to ensure the meshing clearance with the gears remains between 0.1-0.2mm, preventing vibration or tooth skipping due to poor meshing.

[0157] Furthermore, a cable-laying clutch 8 is provided at the connection between the synchronous transmission mechanism 6 and the drive cable storage mechanism 2; a roller clutch 9 is provided at the connection between the drive cable storage mechanism 2 and the reducer 4.

[0158] Specifically, the cable-laying clutch 8 is installed at the connection between the synchronous transmission mechanism 6 and the drive cable storage mechanism 2. Its core function is to achieve flexible engagement and disengagement of power between the cable-laying mechanism 5 and the roller shaft 202. Common cable-laying clutches 8 adopt a jaw clutch or electromagnetic structure.

[0159] When a friction clutch is selected, it consists of a driving plate, a driven plate, and a clamping device. The driving plate is connected to the output shaft of the reducer 4, and the driven plate is connected to the drum shaft 202. Pressure is applied by a spring or hydraulic cylinder to generate friction between the driving and driven plates, thereby transmitting torque. When it is necessary to start the electric winch to lift or pull heavy objects, the clamping device engages the clutch, and the power of the reducer 4 is transmitted to the drum shaft 202, driving the drum 203 to rotate. When it is necessary to stop the operation or perform emergency braking, the clutch can be quickly disengaged to cut off the power, and the braking mechanism 7 can be used to achieve rapid stopping. In addition, the friction clutch will slip due to insufficient friction under overload, which plays an overload protection role and prevents damage to components such as the motor and reducer due to excessive instantaneous load.

[0160] When a hydraulic clutch is selected, engagement and disengagement are achieved using the pressure of hydraulic oil, featuring high torque transmission and smooth operation. The hydraulic system precisely adjusts the clutch engagement level by controlling the oil pressure, enabling soft starts and stops and reducing shock during equipment startup. In heavy-duty conditions such as large mining electric winches and port crane electric winches, hydraulic clutches better adapt to the demands of frequent starts and stops and high-load operation, ensuring the reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0161] The presence of the drum clutch 9 allows the electric winch to control power transmission more flexibly when facing loads of different weights and complex operating environments. For example, when hoisting fragile items, the drum can be started and stopped slowly by finely adjusting the engagement of the clutch, avoiding damage to the items due to inertia. When performing equipment maintenance, disengaging the drum clutch 9 can isolate the drum shaft 202 from the power source, ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel.

[0162] Furthermore, a braking mechanism 10 is provided on the roller shaft 202, which is used for control.

[0163] Furthermore, a brake mechanism 10 is provided on the roller shaft 202, the brake mechanism 10 being used to control the speed of the roller 203 and to stop the roller 203 from rotating; the brake mechanism 10 includes:

[0164] A set of support rods 1001, the bottom of which is slidably mounted on the base 1;

[0165] A set of brake pads 1002 are respectively hinged and installed on the middle of the corresponding support rods 1001;

[0166] A set of internally threaded rings 1003 are respectively installed on the top of the corresponding support rods 1001; the internal threads of the two internally threaded rings 1003 are in different directions;

[0167] The screw 1004 is inserted into a set of internally threaded rings 1003;

[0168] The handle 1005 is mounted on one end of the screw 1004.

[0169] When the handle 1005 is rotated, the screw 1004 rotates, and the two internal threaded rings 1003 move relative to each other along the length of the screw 1004, which drives the brake pads 1002 to gradually approach the outer surface of the end of the roller 203, thereby controlling the speed of the roller 203 and stopping the roller 203 from rotating.

[0170] Specifically, a set of support rods 1001 is made of high-strength alloy steel, with a dovetail groove slider structure at the bottom, allowing it to slide horizontally along the dovetail guide rail on the base 1. This design ensures the stability of the support rods during braking and allows for fine-tuning according to the drum diameter or installation position. A self-lubricating copper sleeve is provided between the slider and the guide rail, reducing frictional resistance and extending service life, making it suitable for frequent braking conditions.

[0171] The brake pad 1002 is mounted in the middle of the support rod 1001 via a hinge shaft. It is made of a high-temperature resistant, high-friction coefficient composite material (such as aramid fiber reinforced resin) and has heat dissipation grooves and wear indicator lines on its surface. The hinge structure allows the brake pad to adapt to the contact angle when it is in contact with the outer surface of the roller 203, ensuring uniform pressure distribution and avoiding localized overheating or wear. When the brake pad wears down to the indicator line position, it can be quickly disassembled and replaced, making maintenance convenient.

[0172] Two internally threaded rings 1003 are respectively installed on the top of the support rod 1001, with opposite thread directions (one left-handed and one right-handed), forming a helical transmission pair with the screw 1004. The screw 1004 adopts a trapezoidal thread design, achieving a transmission efficiency of over 80%, and has a self-locking function to prevent loosening due to vibration after braking. The ingenuity of this reverse thread structure lies in the fact that when the screw 1004 is rotated, the two internally threaded rings move synchronously towards or away from each other along the screw axis, converting the rotational force into the clamping force of the brake pads through the lever principle, thus achieving linear adjustment of the braking force.

[0173] The handle 1005 is made of metal wrapped in non-slip rubber and has graduated markings on its surface. Operators can precisely control the number of rotations of the screw 1004 by rotating the handle and intuitively adjust the braking intensity.

[0174] When braking is required, the operator rotates the handle 1005 clockwise, causing the screw 1004 to rotate accordingly, which in turn moves the two internal threaded rings 1003 relative to each other along the screw axis. The displacement of the internal threaded rings is transmitted to the brake pads 1002 through the support rod 1001, causing them to gradually approach the outer surface of the roller 203. As the rotation angle of the handle increases, the frictional torque between the brake pads and the roller gradually increases, and the roller speed decreases accordingly until it comes to a complete stop.

[0175] When release is required, rotate handle 1005 counterclockwise. The internal threaded ring moves in the opposite direction, separating the brake pads from the roller and releasing the brake. At this time, the roller can rotate freely, restoring the cable winding and unwinding function.

[0176] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric winch, characterized in that, The electric winch includes: Base (1), used to provide a mounting base for the various components of the electric winch; Cable storage mechanism (2), for cables to be wound around the cable storage mechanism; Drive mechanism (3) is used to drive cable storage mechanism (2); Gearbox (4); The cable laying mechanism (5) is used to move the cable back and forth in an orderly manner along the length of the cable laying mechanism when the cable is being pulled up, so as to wrap the cable around the cable storage mechanism; when the cable is being released, the cable is released evenly in the order of the cable being pulled up, so as to prevent the inner cable from slipping or becoming tangled due to the loosening of the outer layer. Synchronous transmission mechanism (6); One end of the drive cable storage mechanism (2) is connected to the drive mechanism (3) via a reducer (4); the other end of the drive cable storage mechanism (2) is connected to the cable laying mechanism (5) via a synchronous transmission mechanism (6), so that the drive cable storage mechanism (2) and the cable laying mechanism (5) rotate synchronously.

2. The electric winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable storage mechanism (2) includes: At least one set of cable storage mounting brackets (201) are fixedly mounted on the base (1); At least one roller shaft (202) is mounted on a corresponding cable storage mounting bracket (201); At least one roller (203) is mounted on a roller shaft (202); Driven gear (204) is fixedly mounted on one end of the drum shaft (202) near the reducer (4); The drive shaft mounting bracket (205) is fixedly mounted on the base (1); The drive shaft (206) is mounted on the drive shaft mounting bracket (205); The drive gear (207) is mounted on the drive shaft (206); Among them, the drive shaft (206) is connected to the output end of the reducer (4), and the driven gear (204) and the drive gear (207) mesh with each other.

3. The electric winch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (3) includes: A drive motor (301) is mounted on a base (1); A drive shaft (302) has one end mounted on the drive end of a drive motor (301); The other end of the drive shaft (302) is connected to the input end of the reducer (4).

4. The electric winch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electric winch also includes a braking mechanism (7) for braking the drive end of the drive mechanism (3); the braking mechanism (7) is mounted on the drive shaft (302).

5. The electric winch according to claim 4, characterized in that, The braking mechanism (7) includes: Brake wheel (701), which is fixedly mounted on drive shaft (302); Cylinder (702), which is mounted on base (1); A brake mounting bracket (703) is mounted on a base (1); the upper end of the brake mounting bracket (703) is fixedly connected to a corner away from the cylinder (702) by a first fixed shaft (704), and the remaining triangular parts of the brake mounting bracket (703) are hinged. A set of clamping arc-shaped plates (705) are respectively connected to the middle end of the brake mounting bracket (703); A set of triangular connecting plates (706), the first connecting ends (707) of the two triangular connecting plates (706) are hinged to the telescopic end of the cylinder (702); the second connecting ends (708) of the two triangular connecting plates (706) are fixedly fitted on the upper end of the brake mounting bracket (703) near a corner of the cylinder (702); the third connecting ends (709) of the two triangular connecting plates (706) are connected to each other through a second fixed shaft (710); A connecting rod (711) is fixedly connected at one end to a second fixed shaft (710) and at the other end to a first fixed shaft (704); A compression spring mounting frame (712) is mounted at one end on a brake mounting bracket (703) on the side close to the cylinder (702); A sliding mounting rod (713) has one end fixedly mounted on a brake mounting bracket (703) located at a corner of the upper end away from the cylinder (702); A spring (714) is fitted onto a sliding mounting rod (713); The pressure plate (715) has its upper end attached to the compression spring mounting frame (712), and its center is mounted on the other end of the sliding mounting rod (713); The cylinder (702) extends and retracts upward, causing the triangular connecting plate (706) to rotate, which in turn causes the connecting rod (711) to move downward, causing the left brake mounting bracket (703) to rotate to the right, and causing the left clamping arc-shaped piece (705) to press against the brake wheel (701). When the triangular connecting plate (706) rotates, it causes the right brake mounting bracket (703) to rotate to the left, and the right clamping arc-shaped piece (705) presses against the brake wheel (701), thus completing the braking of the brake wheel (701). When the right brake mounting bracket (703) rotates to the left, the frame of the brake mounting bracket (703) presses against the pressure plate (715), causing the spring (714) to compress and generate a clamping force.

6. The electric winch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cable laying mechanism (5) includes: At least one set of cable mounting brackets (501) are fixedly mounted on the base (1); At least one lead screw (502) is mounted on the cable mounting bracket (501) at both ends; At least two guide shafts (503) are mounted at both ends on the cable mounting bracket (501); The cable rack (504) is mounted on the lead screw (502) in the middle by a ball nut (505), and its two ends are respectively fitted on the guide shaft (503); At least one set of vertical cable guide wheels (506) are installed at the lower end of the cable rack (504); The cable rack (504) moves linearly along the length of the screw (502) by rotating the lead screw (502).

7. The electric winch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The synchronous transmission mechanism (6) includes: The main drive gear (601) is mounted on the end of the drum shaft (202) away from the reducer (4); The transmission gear (602) is mounted on one end of the lead screw (502); A rack (603) meshes with a main drive gear (601) and a driven gear (602).

8. The electric winch according to claim 7, characterized in that, A cable-laying clutch (8) is provided at the connection between the synchronous transmission mechanism (6) and the drive cable storage mechanism (2); a roller clutch (9) is provided at the connection between the drive cable storage mechanism (2) and the reducer (4).

9. The electric winch according to claim 8, characterized in that, The roller shaft (202) is provided with a brake mechanism (10), which is used for control.

10. The electric winch according to claim 9, characterized in that, A brake mechanism (10) is provided on the roller shaft (202). The brake mechanism (10) is used to control the speed of the roller (203) and to stop the roller (203) from rotating. The brake mechanism (10) includes: A set of support rods (1001) with their bottoms slidably mounted on the base (1); A set of brake pads (1002) are respectively hinged to the middle of the corresponding support rod (1001); A set of internally threaded rings (1003) are respectively installed on the top of the corresponding support rod (1001); the internal threads of the two internally threaded rings (1003) are in different directions; The screw (1004) is inserted into a set of internally threaded rings (1003); The handle (1005) is mounted on one end of the screw (1004). When the handle (1005) is rotated, the screw (1004) rotates, and the two internal threaded rings (1003) move relative to each other along the length of the screw (1004), causing the brake pad (1002) to gradually approach the outer surface of the end of the roller (203), thereby controlling the speed of the roller (203) and stopping the roller (203) from rotating.

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