Molten metal reaction furnace spray gun and molten metal reaction kettle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a spray gun of a molten metal reaction furnace and a molten metal reaction kettle, belongs to the technical field of recycling of recyclable and renewable resources such as household garbage, industrial garbage and biomass, and solves the problems that a gasification spray gun in the prior art is poor in high-temperature resistance, poor in synergistic effect of multiple spray channels and low in cost. The equipment is complicated and the cost is high. A spray gun of a molten metal reaction furnace sequentially comprises a gun body cooling sleeve, a cooling pipe and an inner pipe from outside to inside, an annular gas channel is formed between the inner pipe and the cooling pipe, and the inner pipe is a reaction material channel; the spray gun further comprises a gas inlet assembly, the gas inlet assembly comprises a gas inlet pipe, a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet, and the first gas inlet and the second gas inlet are symmetrically arranged in the radial direction of the outer wall of the gas inlet pipe. The service life and the gasification effect of the spray gun are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of recycling technology based on recyclable and renewable resources such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste and biomass, and particularly to a molten metal reactor nozzle and a molten metal reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main technologies for the resource and energy utilization of biomass (a renewable resource) and low-quality waste plastics (a recyclable resource) are thermal treatment technologies, divided into direct incineration and pyrolysis gasification. Direct incineration, being a solid-state heterogeneous combustion process, suffers from incomplete combustion, low efficiency, and secondary pollution, particularly dioxin emissions, which hinders its widespread application. Pyrolysis gasification, on the other hand, can convert municipal solid waste into three relatively stable products: gas, liquid, and solid, effectively improving its utilization efficiency, scope, and economic viability. From a pollutant emission perspective, pyrolysis gasification is conducted in an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, which theoretically reduces dioxin formation. Furthermore, most heavy metals dissolve into the ash during pyrolysis gasification, reducing emissions. Therefore, developing pyrolysis gasification technology is a crucial pathway to achieving the harmless, resource-based, and energy-based utilization of municipal solid waste.

[0003] Pyrolysis gasification technology utilizes thermal energy under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions to cause reactions such as bond breaking, isomerization, and small molecule polymerization in the components, transforming large molecular organic matter into small molecular fuel gas, tar, and coke.

[0004] In pyrolysis gasification technology, biomass powder and gasifying agent need to be sprayed into the reactor through a spray gun. On the one hand, the structure of the spray gun determines whether the biomass powder and gasifying agent can be fully mixed and the gasification effect is good; on the other hand, the front end of the spray gun is immersed in high-temperature slag above 1500℃ and is about 10cm away from the surface of the high-temperature reaction liquid. The front end of the spray gun needs to withstand the high temperature of the slag for a long time.

[0005] When the spray gun is working normally, it is exposed to heat radiation from the high-temperature zone for a long time, which causes great damage to the spray gun. In actual production, most spray guns have a lifespan of about 3 months, and some better ones can reach about 6 months, which leads to frequent replacements. Each replacement requires shutdown or the use of a spare furnace, which seriously affects the company's production and efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0006] Based on the above analysis, this utility model aims to provide a molten metal reactor spray gun and a molten metal reactor to solve at least one of the following problems: poor high-temperature resistance of existing gasification spray guns, poor synergistic effect of multiple injection channels, and complex equipment and high cost.

[0007] The objective of this utility model is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] On the one hand, this utility model embodiment provides a molten metal reactor nozzle, which includes a nozzle cooling jacket, a cooling pipe and an inner pipe from the outside to the inside. The inner pipe and the cooling pipe form an annular gas channel, and the inner pipe is a channel for reactant materials.

[0009] The spray gun also includes an air intake assembly, which includes an air intake pipe, a first gas inlet, and a second gas inlet. The first gas inlet and the second gas inlet are arranged radially symmetrically along the outer wall of the air intake pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the intake assembly also includes two radially symmetrically arranged intake guide plates installed on the inner wall of the intake pipe, with the center line of the intake guide plates perpendicular to the center line of the gas inlet and forming a 90° angle.

[0011] Preferably, the gun body cooling jacket includes a side wall and an oblique end, both of which are hollow structures; the side wall and oblique end of the cooling jacket are composed of an inner shell and an outer shell, and the sealed cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell constitutes a cooling water channel.

[0012] Specifically, the gun body cooling sleeve is coaxially mounted on the outer periphery of the cooling pipe, the open end of the gun body cooling sleeve cylinder is connected to the first fixed flange, and the inner wall of the gun body cooling sleeve and the outer wall of the cooling pipe are kept in a non-contact state with each other, with a gap between them.

[0013] It should be noted that the coaxial coverage area of ​​the gun body cooling jacket around the outer periphery of the cooling pipe is the inlet section of the cooling pipe; the inlet section of the cooling pipe extends axially from the inlet end face of the spray gun to 30%-50% of the total length of the spray gun, and the part from the end of the inlet section to the outlet end face of the spray gun is the outlet section of the cooling pipe.

[0014] Specifically, the outer wall surface of the cooling pipe outlet section is machined with continuously distributed fin-shaped grooves.

[0015] Furthermore, one end of the inner tube is coaxially connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange through a flange sealing joint, and the free end extends through the enclosed area of ​​the cooling pipe and maintains axial overhang, with its free end extending 3-5cm beyond the outlet end face of the cooling pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the inner tube is made of carbon steel and the inner wall is lined with a wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the cooling pipe includes an outer cavity and an inner cavity that are interconnected; the inlet section of the cooling pipe is made of carbon steel, and the outlet section of the cooling pipe is made of copper.

[0018] On the other hand, this utility model embodiment also provides a molten metal reactor, including the aforementioned spray gun, which is connected to the spray gun mounting port of the molten metal reactor; the molten metal reactor also includes a primary molten metal reactor and a secondary molten metal reactor that are interconnected through a gas-liquid channel.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This utility model spray gun achieves integrated material-gasifying agent spraying by designing an inner tube and an annular gas channel between the inner tube and the cooling tube. It breaks through the limitations of traditional dual-gun separate placement. A single gun can simultaneously complete material conveying (such as biomass powder) and gasifying agent (oxygen / superheated steam) spraying, simplifying the process flow. The inner tube sprays powdered materials (such as biomass powder), while the outer annular channel conveys the gasifying agent. The outlet positions of the two are staggered to avoid premature mixing and carbon buildup on the gun head.

[0021] 2. The design of the air intake assembly of this utility model, through the combination of symmetrical dual inlets and guide vanes, significantly improves the uniformity and stability of gas delivery. The 180° symmetrical arrangement of the dual inlets forces airflow to counteract each other, forming a uniform axial flow field; the guide vanes convert radially entering airflow into axial mainstream, preventing gas from directly impacting the opposite pipe wall (reducing local eddies and pressure loss). The radial dimension of the guide vanes is smaller than the channel diameter, guiding airflow without significantly increasing resistance. On the other hand, the air intake assembly is designed with a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet, which can simultaneously introduce two different gases (such as oxygen and superheated steam), improving the system's compatibility and flexibility, and meeting various process requirements.

[0022] 3. By reserving space between the gun body cooling jacket and the cooling pipe, this utility model provides a buffer for the thermal expansion of materials in high-temperature environments, effectively avoiding structural stress concentration and damage caused by thermal expansion, and facilitating the installation and disassembly of the gun body cooling jacket; on the other hand, under the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the spray gun, the reserved space design reduces the heat carried away by the cooling medium from the reaction system, thereby helping to maintain the stability of the reaction temperature.

[0023] 4. The present invention has fin-shaped grooves designed on the outer wall of the cooling pipes in the immersion section and the outlet section. When the fin-shaped grooves come into contact with high-temperature slag, they can easily form a slag layer. The slag layer not only protects the metal substrate and prevents rapid wear caused by direct contact with high-temperature slag, but also helps to reduce heat loss in the reaction system and improve thermal efficiency.

[0024] To prevent damage to the spray gun structure (such as melting or deformation), the cooling system must strike a balance between protecting the spray gun and minimizing heat loss from the reaction system.

[0025] 5. This utility model extends the free end of the inner tube (material channel) beyond the outlet end face of the cooling tube, which can ensure that the gasifying agent and the material are mixed in the reaction zone (rather than inside the spray gun) and prevent local high temperature erosion inside the spray gun.

[0026] 6. This utility model is designed to meet the specific working conditions of different functional areas of the spray gun by customizing the material combination: the inner tube (material channel) is made of carbon steel and lined with a wear-resistant ceramic layer, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the inner tube; in the outlet section, both the outer and inner layers of the cooling tube are made of copper to provide excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance; in the inlet and immersion sections, both the outer and inner layers of the cooling tube are made of carbon steel to ensure the strength and durability of the structure; the middle layer of the cooling tube is made of carbon steel to enhance the overall structural stability.

[0027] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from the details specifically pointed out in the text and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0029] Figure 1 is an axial view of the spray gun of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an axial sectional view of the spray gun of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a partial axial cross-sectional view of the spraying end of the spray gun of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a partial axial cross-sectional view of the feeding end of the spray gun of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a radial sectional view of the cooling pipe of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is an axial sectional view of the middle layer of the cooling pipe of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the second support component of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the first support component of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 9This is a perspective view of the air intake assembly of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a radial view of the ventilation support ring of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the gasifying agent injection assembly of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a radial view of the gasifying agent injection assembly of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of the molten metal reactor of this utility model.

[0042] Figure label:

[0043] 1-Inner tube; 2-Cooling pipe; 3-Gun body cooling jacket; 4-First gas inlet; 5-Second gas inlet; 6-First fixed flange; 7-Clamping device; 8-Gun body cooling jacket water inlet; 9-Cooling pipe water inlet; 10-Cooling pipe water outlet; 11-Cooling pipe sealing assembly; 12-Second fixed flange; 13-Pneumatic conveying material interface flange; 14-Gasifying agent injection assembly; 15-Ventilation support ring; 16-Injection channel; 17-First support arc segment; 18-Inlet pipe guide plate; 19-Filter bag; 20-Second support arc segment; 101-Material channel; 201- 202-Cooling pipe middle layer; 203-Cooling pipe outer cavity; 204-Cooling pipe outer layer; 205-Cooling pipe inner layer; 206-Cooling water isolation ring; 207-Air inlet pipe; 208-Flow gap; A-Flow guide module; B-Isolation module; C-Connecting module; 301-Gun body cooling jacket cooling cavity; 401-Gas passage; 21-Fourth spray gun mounting port; 22-Third spray gun mounting port; 23-First spray gun mounting port; 24-Secondary melting reactor; 25-First melting reactor; 26-Gas-liquid passage; 27-Feed inlet; 28-Lower slag discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] On one hand, a specific embodiment of this utility model discloses a molten metal reactor lance, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, it includes an inner tube 1 and a cooling tube 2 surrounding the outer periphery of the inner tube 1. The inner tube 1 and the cooling tube 2 form an annular gas channel 401. The gas channel 401 is provided with one or more ventilation support rings 15 along the axial direction. The cooling tube 2 includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer cooling tube layer 204, a middle cooling tube layer 201, and an inner cooling tube layer 205. An outer cooling tube cavity 202 is formed between the outer cooling tube layer 204 and the middle cooling tube layer 201. An inner cooling tube cavity 203 is formed between the middle cooling tube layer 201 and the inner cooling tube layer 205. The outer cooling tube cavity 202 and the inner cooling tube cavity 203 are interconnected.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer layer 204 and the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe are connected in a closed manner at the nozzle outlet end by a semi-circular arc pipe, and are connected in a closed manner at the nozzle inlet end by a cooling pipe sealing assembly 11; the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe is provided with a flow gap 208 between the nozzle outlet end and the semi-circular arc pipe.

[0047] Preferably, the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe is connected to the second fixed flange 12 at the spray gun inlet end, and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11 is connected to the second fixed flange 12 through the flange.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe includes a flow guiding module A, an isolation module B and a connecting module C in sequence along the material flow direction; the flow guiding module A includes a first intermediate layer pipe and a cooling water isolation ring 206 circumferentially connected to its outer wall, and the outer circumference of the cooling water isolation ring 206 is connected to the inner wall of the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe.

[0049] For example, the cooling pipe 2 further includes a cooling pipe inlet 9 and a cooling pipe outlet 10 respectively disposed on both sides of the cooling water isolation ring 206. Both are radially connected from the outside of the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe, wherein the cooling pipe outlet 10 is located between the cooling water isolation ring 206 and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11. It can be understood that the cavity enclosed by the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe, the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe, the semi-circular pipe and the cooling water isolation ring 206 is the outer cavity 202 of the cooling pipe; the cavity enclosed by the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe, the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe, the semi-circular pipe and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11 is the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe; and the cavity enclosed between the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe and the inner pipe 1 is the gas channel 401.

[0050] Preferably, when the cooling pipe 2 is in use, the cooling water first enters the outer cavity 202 of the cooling pipe through the cooling pipe inlet 9 and flows towards the spray gun outlet end. After passing through the flow gap 208 between the outer cavity 202 and the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe at the spray gun outlet end, the cooling water enters the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe. The cooling water then flows towards the spray gun inlet end through the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe and flows out through the cooling pipe outlet 10.

[0051] This utility model's cooling pipe adopts a zigzag cooling system from the outer cavity to the inner cavity. The cooling water path is: inlet → outer cavity (high temperature zone) → flow slit → inner cavity (low temperature zone) → outlet. The cooling water first flows through the outer layer of the spray gun (directly contacting the high temperature zone), quickly carrying away the core heat. When the water flows in the reverse direction in the inner cavity, the heat has been partially released, reducing interference with the temperature of materials and gases inside the cooling pipe and reducing heat loss in the reaction system.

[0052] Specifically, the isolation module B of the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe includes a second intermediate layer pipe, which is coaxially connected to the first intermediate layer pipe of the flow guiding module A; the connecting module C includes a third intermediate layer pipe, one end of which is coaxially connected to the second intermediate pipe, and the free end of the third intermediate pipe has rounded corners in both directions.

[0053] Preferably, the first and second intermediate pipes are uniform wall thickness pipes with the same inner diameter and wall thickness, while the third intermediate pipe is a stepped wall thickness pipe. At its connection with the second intermediate pipe, the third intermediate pipe has the same inner diameter and wall thickness as the second intermediate pipe, but the wall thickness is increased by machining a bevel at 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the pipe's length, resulting in a smaller inner diameter. This stepped wall thickness design of the third intermediate pipe aims to optimize the pipe's mechanical properties, reduce stress concentration, improve pipe durability, and, by increasing the wall thickness in the outlet region where stress is high, adapt to changes in fluid velocity and reduce vibrations caused by hydrodynamics.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, one or more first support components are provided between the outer layer 204 and the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe; and one second support component is provided between the inner layer 205 and the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, the first support component includes three first support arc segments 17 evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the second support component includes four second support arc segments 20 evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0057] The first support component set between the outer layer 204 and the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe ensures that each pipe layer is strictly coaxial and structurally stable through three-point support, maintains the uniformity of the outer cavity flow channel, ensures that the cooling water fully covers the high-temperature area, optimizes the distribution of cooling water, avoids local overheating or insufficient cooling caused by uneven gaps, eliminates local overheating or cooling blind spots, and further improves the overall performance and service life of the cooling system.

[0058] The outer layer 204 and the middle layer 201 of the cooling tube adopt a split support arc segment design. On the one hand, the discrete arc segment support disperses local stress to multiple contact points, reducing structural deformation caused by uneven thermal expansion, extending the life of the cooling tube, effectively dispersing thermal and mechanical stress, avoiding the risk of stress concentration in the overall support ring, and effectively avoiding the problems of stress concentration caused by continuous contact in traditional longitudinal array support bars and the axial tensile stress caused by thermal expansion differences at high temperatures. On the other hand, the discrete arc segment support can enhance the turbulence effect of cooling water, improve the heat exchange efficiency of the high-temperature area on the outside of the cooling tube, and avoid the problems of linear restriction of water flow direction, "dead zone" of parallel water flow formed by dividing the flow channel, and poor heat exchange uniformity of traditional longitudinal array support bars.

[0059] Preferably, the second support assembly is located in the region where the wall thickness of the connecting section of the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe increases. Four second support arc segments 20 are evenly arranged along the circumference, which can effectively enhance the structural stability of the inner layer and the intermediate layer of the cooling pipe, ensure smooth flow of cooling water, and avoid channel blockage or uneven water flow caused by local deformation or insufficient support. In the region where the wall thickness of the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe increases (connecting section), since the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe is connected to the outer cavity 202 of the cooling pipe, when the water flows from the wider channel into the narrow connecting section, the reduced cross-sectional area will lead to an increase in flow velocity. High-speed water flow is prone to turbulence, which can easily cause problems such as local erosion and pressure fluctuation. Local erosion is due to the increased shear force of high-speed water flow on the pipe wall, which may lead to material wear after long-term operation. Pressure fluctuation may be caused by sudden changes in flow velocity, resulting in eddies or cavitation, which in turn affects the stability of the system.

[0060] To address the aforementioned issues, the core functions of the second support component are reflected in the following aspects: First, in terms of structural reinforcement and deformation resistance, the support arc directly bears the impact force of the water flow, preventing deformation of the thin-walled area of ​​the connecting section due to dynamic pressure, avoiding further reduction of the flow channel cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the risk of erosion caused by excessive flow velocity. At the same time, the four symmetrical supports can evenly offset radial stress, ensuring that the connecting section maintains a circular cross-section under high pressure and high-speed water flow, avoiding uneven water flow distribution caused by elliptical deformation. Second, in terms of flow control and heat exchange optimization, the layout of the support arc has a guiding effect, smoothly guiding the high-speed water flow from the outer cavity into the inner cavity, reducing eddies and energy loss. In addition, the uniformly distributed supports force flow diversion, ensuring uniform heat exchange throughout the circumference, avoiding insufficient cooling on the other side due to the inertia of high-speed water flow concentrating on one side, thereby preventing local burn-through accidents of the spray gun. Finally, in terms of erosion resistance and lifespan extension, the four arcs decompose the concentrated water flow impact force into multi-directional loads, reducing the erosion rate per unit area, while protecting the wall thickness transition zone and reducing the risk of initiation of fatigue cracks under alternating stress. In contrast, unsupported connecting sections can lead to a surge in flow velocity, which in turn can cause pipe wall vibration, potentially resulting in structural resonance. Furthermore, long-term erosion can lead to wall thinning and eventually leakage failure. On the other hand, using traditional longitudinal array support bars can hinder the lateral diffusion of water flow, creating a high-speed jet in the connecting section and exacerbating local erosion.

[0061] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 As shown, the ventilation support ring 15 is an annular component with a central hole and 3 to 6 elliptical air distribution holes evenly distributed around its circumference. The ring body is coaxially assembled with the inner tube and the inner layer of the cooling tube. The inner diameter of the central hole of the ventilation support ring matches the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter of the ventilation support ring matches the inner diameter of the inner layer of the cooling tube.

[0062] The ventilation support ring 15 is set inside the high-speed gas channel 401. The uniformly distributed elliptical air distribution holes help the gas flow more evenly, reducing local pressure loss and turbulence, thereby improving the stability of the gas flow. Compared with circular holes, the elliptical air distribution holes reduce local pressure loss by 15% to 20%, which is suitable for high-speed airflow. It can weaken circumferential eddies and avoid the formation of a low-speed backflow zone behind the ring. It also avoids the problem of jet interference and poor uniformity that easily occurs after the airflow passes through the traditional circular hole support ring. On the other hand, the ventilation support ring 15 is set between the inner tube 1 and the inner layer of the cooling tube, providing sufficient structural strength so that the gas channel can withstand the pressure and stress generated by the high-speed gas flow. Moreover, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture and maintain. By providing uniform and efficient gas flow, it helps to improve the performance and reliability of the system.

[0063] Furthermore, such as Figure 9As shown, the spray gun also includes an air intake assembly, which includes an air intake pipe 207, a first gas inlet 4, and a second gas inlet 5. The first gas inlet 4 and the second gas inlet 5 are arranged radially symmetrically along the outer wall of the air intake pipe 207, with their center lines forming a 180° angle. One end of the air intake pipe 207 is coaxially connected to the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe at the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11, and the other end is connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange 13. The inner diameter and wall thickness of the air intake pipe 207 and the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe are the same.

[0064] It should be noted that the air intake assembly also includes two radially symmetrically arranged air intake guide plates 18 installed on the inner wall of the air intake pipe 207. The center line of the air intake guide plate 18 is perpendicular to the center line of the gas inlet and forms a 90° angle. The radial dimension of the air intake guide plate 18 is smaller than the diameter of the air intake channel to ensure smooth airflow.

[0065] The design of the air intake assembly, through a combination of symmetrical dual inlets and guide vanes, significantly improves the uniformity and stability of gas delivery. In existing technologies, single-sided air intake easily leads to airflow deflection to one side within the pipe. The 180° symmetrical arrangement of the dual inlets forces airflow counter-currents, forming a uniform axial flow field. The guide vanes convert radially entering airflow into axial mainstream flow, preventing direct gas impact on the opposite pipe wall (reducing local eddies and pressure loss). The radial dimension of the guide vanes is smaller than the channel diameter, guiding airflow without significantly increasing resistance. Furthermore, the air intake assembly is designed with a first gas inlet 4 and a second gas inlet 5, enabling the simultaneous introduction of two different gases (such as oxygen and superheated steam), improving system compatibility and flexibility, and meeting various process requirements.

[0066] The intake assembly (dual inlets + guide vanes) and the ventilation support ring 15 (uniformly distributed elliptical holes) improve gas delivery efficiency through a coordinated mechanism of flow distribution, flow field shaping, and dynamic stabilization. The dual inlets of the intake assembly eliminate flow deviation by 180° opposing airflow, and the intake pipe guide vanes 18 convert the radial airflow into the axial mainstream. The elliptical air distribution holes of the ventilation support ring 15 further homogenize the airflow and suppress circumferential velocity fluctuations.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 , Figure 12As shown, the spray gun also includes a vaporizing agent injection assembly 14, which consists of a first conical nozzle, an annular support section, and a second conical nozzle connected coaxially along the gas flow direction. Six to eight injection holes are evenly distributed circumferentially on the first conical nozzle, the annular support section, and the second conical nozzle, respectively. The injection holes at corresponding axial cross-sectional positions on the first conical nozzle, the annular support section, and the second conical nozzle are strictly aligned in their axial projections and arranged concentrically, thus forming six to eight straight injection channels 16 that penetrate the entire assembly. It can be understood that the injection channels 16 are straight elongated cylindrical through holes, maintaining coaxial continuity within the first conical nozzle, the annular support section, and the second conical nozzle, forming a continuous straight gas channel.

[0068] Specifically, the annular support section is an annular structure with its inner hole matching the outer diameter of the inner tube and its outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the cooling pipe, used for radial positioning and support; the first conical nozzle is a truncated cone structure with a central through hole, its inlet diameter being smaller than its outlet diameter, and its outlet coaxially connected to the annular support section; the second conical nozzle is a truncated cone structure with a central through hole, its inlet diameter being larger than its outlet diameter, and its inlet coaxially connected to the annular support section; the first and second conical nozzles are fitted onto the outer wall of the inner tube through the central through hole.

[0069] It should be noted that the vaporizing agent injection assembly 14 is installed between the inner tube 1 at the nozzle outlet and the inner layer 205 of the cooling tube.

[0070] The vaporizing agent injection assembly 14 adopts a design of double-cone nozzles + annular support section. The first cone nozzle initially expands the airflow, reduces the flow velocity, and increases the static pressure, preventing high-speed airflow from directly impacting the annular support section. The second cone nozzle compresses the airflow a second time, increasing the outlet flow velocity and enhancing the penetration of the vaporizing agent (especially suitable for deep injection into the molten pool). The double-cone structure forms an expansion-compression flow channel, fully converting gas pressure energy into kinetic energy. Compared with a single-cone nozzle, the airflow utilization rate is increased by 20%~30%. The inner hole / outer diameter of the annular support section matches the inner layer of the inner tube and the cooling tube, respectively, which can eliminate radial sway of the assembly.

[0071] When the spray gun is in use, the gasifying agent is injected into the inlet pipe 207 and the gas channel 401 through the first gas inlet 4 and the second gas inlet 5, flows towards the outlet end of the spray gun, passes through the gasifying agent injection assembly 14, and is injected into the molten metal pool of the molten metal reactor. After the gas passes through the through-type injection channel 16 of the gasifying agent injection assembly 14, multiple jets can achieve mutual shearing in the molten pool, promoting the micro-mixing of the gasifying agent, the material ejected from the inner tube, and the molten metal.

[0072] Furthermore, one end of the inner tube 1 is coaxially connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange 13 through a flange sealing joint, and the free end extends through the area enclosed by the inner layer 205 of the cooling tube and maintains axial overhang, with its free end extending 3-5cm beyond the outlet end face of the cooling tube 2.

[0073] On the one hand, the gasifying agent gun and the material gun spray in the same direction, which facilitates more thorough contact between the gasifying agent and the material and enhances the gasification effect; on the other hand, extending the free end of the inner tube (material channel) beyond the outlet end of the cooling tube can ensure that the gasifying agent and the material are mixed in the reaction zone (rather than inside the spray gun) and prevent local high-temperature ablation inside the spray gun.

[0074] The gasifying agent forms a high-speed jet through the through-flow channel. When multiple jets converge in the molten pool, they generate a strong shearing effect. This shearing effect can tear apart the viscous fluid layer of the molten metal and form micro-vortices. This process significantly increases the contact area of ​​the gas-liquid-solid three phases, thereby promoting mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Therefore, the material sprayed from the inner tube and the gasifying agent can achieve efficient and uniform mixing outside the spray gun.

[0075] Preferably, the inner tube 1 is made of carbon steel, and its inner wall is lined with a wear-resistant ceramic layer. Preferably, the wear-resistant ceramic is composed of Al2O3.

[0076] When the spray gun is in use, biomass powder is sprayed through the inner tube into the molten metal of the molten metal reactor at a speed of over 150 m / s.

[0077] Furthermore, the spray gun also includes a gun body cooling sleeve 3, which is an overall sloping-bottom cylindrical structure, including a side wall and a sloping end, both of which are hollow structures; a through hole is provided at the center of the sloping end, which is used to fit the outer periphery of the cooling pipe, and the inclination angle of the sloping end is designed to be adapted according to the installation angle of the spray gun; the side wall and the sloping end of the cooling sleeve are composed of an inner shell and an outer shell, and the sealed cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell constitutes a cooling water channel.

[0078] Specifically, the gun body cooling sleeve 3 is coaxially installed on the outer periphery of the cooling pipe 2. The open end of the gun body cooling sleeve 3 is connected to the first fixed flange 6. The inner wall of the gun body cooling sleeve 3 and the outer wall of the cooling pipe 2 are kept in a non-contact state, and there is a gap between them. After installation, it is clamped by a sealing clamping device.

[0079] By reserving space between the gun body cooling jacket 3 and the cooling pipe 2, this design provides a buffer for the thermal expansion of the material in high-temperature environments, effectively avoiding structural stress concentration and damage caused by thermal expansion, and facilitating the installation and disassembly of the gun body cooling jacket 3. On the other hand, under the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the spray gun, the reserved space design reduces the heat carried away by the cooling medium from the reaction system, thereby helping to maintain the stability of the reaction temperature.

[0080] It is worth noting that the coaxial coverage area of ​​the gun body cooling sleeve 3 around the cooling pipe 2 is the inlet section of the cooling pipe 2; the inlet section of the cooling pipe 2 extends axially from the inlet end face of the spray gun to 30%-50% of the total length of the spray gun, and the part from the end of the inlet section to the outlet end face of the spray gun is the outlet section of the cooling pipe 2.

[0081] Specifically, the outer layer 204 and inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe in the inlet section of the cooling pipe 2 are made of carbon steel to ensure the strength and durability of the structure. The outer layer 204 and inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe in the outlet section are made of copper to provide excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. The middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe is made of carbon steel to enhance the overall structural stability.

[0082] Furthermore, the outer wall surface of the cooling pipe outlet section is machined with continuously distributed fin-shaped grooves. When the fin-shaped grooves come into contact with high-temperature slag, they easily form a slag-coating layer. The slag-coating layer not only protects the metal substrate and prevents rapid wear caused by direct contact with high-temperature slag, but also helps to reduce heat loss in the reaction system and improve thermal efficiency.

[0083] Specifically, the gun body cooling sleeve is installed on the outer periphery of the cooling pipe, and its installation position is located in the inlet section of the spray gun; during the installation of the spray gun, it is connected to the spray gun mounting port through the first fixed flange.

[0084] On the other hand, a specific embodiment of this utility model also discloses a molten metal reactor, including the aforementioned spray gun, which is connected to the spray gun mounting port of the molten metal reactor; the molten metal reactor also includes a primary molten metal reactor 25 and a secondary molten metal reactor 24 that are interconnected through a gas-liquid channel 26.

[0085] like Figure 13 As shown, a molten metal reactor also includes a primary molten metal reactor 25 and a secondary molten metal reactor 24 that are interconnected by a gas-liquid channel 26.

[0086] The primary molten metal reactor 25 has a first metal pool inside, and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 has a second metal pool inside. The bottom of the second metal pool is higher than the bottom of the first metal pool, and the primary molten metal reactor 25 and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 are horizontally staggered.

[0087] The height difference between the secondary molten metal reactor 24 and the primary molten metal reactor 25 ensures that the primary molten metal reactor has sufficient molten pool volume to maintain the gasification reaction, and also ensures that the gas generated in the primary molten metal reactor enters the bottom of the molten metal in the secondary molten metal reactor. The secondary molten metal reactor has sufficient molten pool height to ensure a complete reaction. This ensures that the large molecular gas that did not have sufficient contact with the molten iron in the primary molten metal reactor has sufficient contact with the molten metal in the secondary molten metal reactor, ensuring complete gasification into inorganic substances and the absence of large molecular gas.

[0088] Preferably, the molten metal can be molten iron at a temperature of 1400-1700℃. On one hand, metallic iron serves as a heat source for the reaction, with a melting temperature range of 1400℃ to 1700℃, suitable for the temperature range required for the decomposition and gasification reaction. On the other hand, metallic iron acts as a catalyst. In the first step of the reaction, the molten iron reacts with carbon, oxygen, and water in the material to generate Fe3C and FeO, while simultaneously producing H2 and CO. In this process, the molten iron not only promotes carbon conversion but also significantly reduces the activation energy of the oxygen reduction reaction, accelerating the oxygen reduction process. It also reduces the activation energy of the hydrothermal reaction, thereby significantly improving the overall reaction efficiency. In the second step, liquid Fe3C and FeO further react to generate metallic iron and CO. Through this two-step reaction mechanism, the molten iron optimizes the reaction path, resulting in the catalytic process generating more CO than CO2, thus effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Throughout the entire reaction process, the molten iron not only improves the overall efficiency of the reaction but also reduces reaction energy consumption through its catalytic effect, achieving environmental friendliness.

[0089] Preferably, the gas-liquid channel 26 is a semi-conical channel, and the axial section of the semi-conical channel is higher than the curved surface of the semi-conical channel.

[0090] Furthermore, the semi-conical channel includes a channel inlet, a channel body, and a channel outlet. The channel inlet is connected to the primary molten metal reactor 25, and the channel outlet is connected to the secondary molten metal reactor 24. Both the channel inlet and the channel outlet are semi-circular in shape, with the diameter of the channel inlet being larger than the diameter of the channel outlet, and their center lines being collinear and aligned.

[0091] Specifically, there is a distance between the centerline of the channel inlet and the bottom of the primary molten metal reactor 25, and the bottom arc of the channel outlet is in contact with the bottom of the secondary molten metal reactor 24.

[0092] Preferably, the distance between the centerline of the channel inlet and the bottom of the primary molten metal reactor 25 is determined according to the volume of the first metal pool and the liquid level of the molten metal in the first metal pool. When the first metal pool is filled with molten metal, the top of the channel inlet is flush with the liquid level of the molten metal.

[0093] The main body of the channel includes a primary molten metal reactor sidewall section and a secondary molten metal reactor sidewall section. The channel inlet is formed on the inner sidewall of the primary molten metal reactor, and the channel outlet is formed on the inner sidewall of the secondary molten metal reactor.

[0094] It should be noted that the axial cross-section of the main body of the channel is semi-circular, with the diameter of the semi-circle gradually decreasing from the channel entrance to the channel exit. The straight edge of the main body of the channel is placed horizontally, and the arc edge smoothly transitions from the channel entrance to the channel exit, forming a gradually narrowing conical path.

[0095] In one possible design, the channel entrance is a semicircle with a cross-section of 1.8 to 2 meters in diameter; the channel exit is a semicircle with a cross-section of 0.6 to 0.8 meters in diameter.

[0096] Furthermore, the top of the primary molten metal reactor 25 is provided with a feed inlet 27, a first spray gun mounting port 23, and a second spray gun mounting port; the top of the secondary molten metal reactor 24 is provided with a synthesis gas outlet; the upper part of the outer wall of the secondary molten metal reactor 24 is also provided with a third spray gun mounting port 22 and a fourth spray gun mounting port 21; a slag pool is provided above the second metal pool of the secondary molten metal reactor 24.

[0097] Preferably, the spray gun is connected to the spray gun mounting port of the molten metal reactor via a flange.

[0098] Specifically, during the operation of the molten metal reactor system, the material falls freely into the first metal pool through the feed inlet 27 at the top of the primary molten metal reactor 25 (fall height 3~3.5 meters). Simultaneously, a gasifying agent is sprayed onto the falling material through the first and second spray guns, causing the material to impact and mix with the molten metal to carry out a primary gasification reaction, allowing the material to fully react and rapidly gasify to generate the first mixed gas. The rapid and large-scale generation of the first mixed gas (reaction time within 0.1 seconds) increases the internal pressure of the primary molten metal reactor (inner pressure 1.5~1.8 MPa), increasing the pressure difference between the primary and secondary molten metal reactors (e.g., 0.2-0.6 MPa). Under the action of the pressure difference, the first mixed gas is sprayed through the gas-liquid channel to the bottom of the second metal pool of the secondary molten metal reactor. At the same time, a gasifying agent and biomass powder are sprayed into the second metal pool through the third spray gun. The first mixed gas undergoes secondary complete decomposition from the bottom up through the molten metal layer and the slag liquid layer to obtain an inorganic mixed gas.

[0099] It should be noted that when the first mixed gas is injected from the first-stage molten metal reactor to the bottom of the second metal pool of the second-stage molten metal reactor through the gas-liquid channel under pressure, the molten iron in the first metal pool is pressed to the bottom of the semi-circular arc of the channel outlet on the inner side wall of the second-stage molten metal reactor, but cannot be pressed down further; the space of the channel inlet section is significantly larger than the channel outlet section, and this design is conducive to the accelerated flow of gas.

[0100] This invention features a metal pool interconnection design with different heights, where the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the channel is completely filled with molten iron. This effectively prevents the accumulation of lumpy materials and potential blockages, while also ensuring that gas exchange cannot occur between the two reaction vessels before the reaction begins.

[0101] In one possible design, the first metal pool has a volume of 56 cubic meters, the second metal pool has a volume of 25 cubic meters, the bottom of the second metal pool is 2 meters above the top of the first metal pool, and the material handling capacity is 80-100 tons per hour.

[0102] In one possible design, the first spray gun mounting port 23 and the second spray gun mounting port are arranged symmetrically at 180°, and both are at an angle of 45° to the horizontal direction. The axes of the first spray gun mounting port and the second spray gun mounting port pass through the center point of the cross-section of the first metal pool.

[0103] In one possible design, the third spray gun mounting port 22 and the fourth spray gun mounting port 21 are arranged symmetrically at 180°, and the angle between them and the horizontal direction is 60°. The axes of the third spray gun mounting port 22 and the fourth spray gun mounting port 21 pass through the center point of the cross-section of the second metal pool.

[0104] Preferably, the primary molten metal reactor 25 further includes a drain port on the outer wall of the reactor body, which is located at the bottom of the first metal pool and is used to discharge the molten metal in the metal pool.

[0105] Specifically, the secondary molten metal reactor 24 further includes a lower slag discharge port 28, a middle slag discharge port, and an upper slag discharge port on the outer wall of the secondary molten metal reactor. The lower slag discharge port 28, the middle slag discharge port, and the upper slag discharge port correspond to the upper, middle, and lower liquid levels in the slag-liquid pool, respectively.

[0106] The upper slag discharge port is used to periodically discharge the ash brought in by the material; the middle slag discharge port is used to discharge part of the slag liquid in the slag liquid pool when changing the gasifying agent spray gun; and the lower slag discharge port 28 is used to discharge all the slag liquid in the slag liquid pool when the furnace is shut down.

[0107] In one possible design, the cross-sectional area of ​​the syngas outlet is 0.8~1m². 2 The outlet velocity of the inorganic mixed gas is 30~35m / s.

[0108] Preferably, both the bottom of the primary molten metal reactor 25 and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 are provided with molten grooves, which are located below the first metal pool and the second metal pool.

[0109] For example, both the primary molten metal reactor 25 and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 are equipped with electromagnetic induction external heating devices on their inner sidewalls.

[0110] This utility model of a molten metal reactor uses molten metal as a heat source and can maintain the heat of the metal pool by using electromagnetic vortex heating.

[0111] Furthermore, both the primary molten metal reactor 25 and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 are equipped with infrared thermometers at their tops; both the primary molten metal reactor 25 and the secondary molten metal reactor 24 are equipped with molten iron observation and communication devices on their side walls, which obtain liquid level information through electromagnetic correlation.

[0112] In summary, this utility model spray gun achieves integrated material-gasifying agent spraying through the design of the inner tube and the annular gas channel between the inner tube and the cooling tube. This overcomes the limitations of traditional dual-gun design, allowing a single gun to simultaneously complete material delivery (such as biomass powder) and gasifying agent (oxygen / superheated steam) spraying, simplifying the process. The gasifying agent gun and the material gun spray in the same direction, facilitating more thorough contact between the gasifying agent and the material and enhancing the gasification effect. The inner tube sprays powdered materials (such as biomass powder), while the outer annular channel delivers the gasifying agent. The staggered outlet positions of the two prevent premature mixing, which could cause localized high-temperature ablation and carbon buildup in the spray gun head. Through the dual-cavity design of the cooling tube, cooling water first flows through the outer cavity (directly contacting the high-temperature area), quickly removing core heat. When the water flows in the reverse direction inside the cooling tube, some heat is already released, reducing interference with the temperature of the material and gas inside the cooling tube and minimizing heat loss in the reaction system. By combining the efficient gas distribution of the venting support ring with the high airflow utilization of the vaporizing agent injection assembly, the synergistic effect of the venting support ring and the vaporizing agent injection assembly can significantly optimize the gas flow path, improve flow stability, enhance airflow penetration and injection effect, and maximize the performance and efficiency of the entire system.

[0113] The following detailed description of the molten metal reactor spray gun of this utility model is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] This embodiment provides a molten metal reaction furnace spray gun.

[0116] A molten metal reactor nozzle includes an inner tube 1 and a cooling tube 2 surrounding the outer circumference of the inner tube. An annular gas channel 401 is formed between the inner tube 1 and the cooling tube 2. The gas channel 401 is provided with one or more ventilation support rings 15 along the axial direction. The cooling tube 2 includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer cooling tube layer 204, a middle cooling tube layer 201, and an inner cooling tube layer 205. An outer cooling tube cavity 202 is formed between the outer cooling tube layer 204 and the middle cooling tube layer 201, and an inner cooling tube cavity 203 is formed between the middle cooling tube layer 201 and the inner cooling tube layer 205. The outer cooling tube cavity 202 and the inner cooling tube cavity 203 are interconnected.

[0117] The outer layer 204 and the inner layer 205 of the cooling pipe are connected by a semi-circular arc pipe at the nozzle outlet and by a cooling pipe sealing assembly 11 at the nozzle inlet. The middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe has a flow gap 208 between the nozzle outlet and the semi-circular arc pipe.

[0118] The outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe is connected to the second fixed flange 12 at the spray gun inlet end, and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11 is connected to the second fixed flange 12 through the flange.

[0119] The intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe includes, in sequence along the material flow direction, a flow guiding module A, an isolation module B, and a connecting module C; the flow guiding module A includes a first intermediate layer pipe and a cooling water isolation ring 206 circumferentially connected to its outer wall, and the outer circumference of the cooling water isolation ring 206 is connected to the inner wall of the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe.

[0120] The cooling pipe 2 also includes a cooling pipe inlet 9 and a cooling pipe outlet 10 located on both sides of the cooling water isolation ring 206 along its axial direction. Both are radially connected from the outer side of the outer layer 204 of the cooling pipe, with the cooling pipe outlet 10 located between the cooling water isolation ring 206 and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11. It can be understood that the cavity enclosed by the outer layer 204, the middle layer 201, the semi-circular pipe, and the cooling water isolation ring 206 is the outer cavity 202 of the cooling pipe; the cavity enclosed by the middle layer 201, the inner layer 205, the semi-circular pipe, and the cooling pipe sealing assembly 11 is the inner cavity 203 of the cooling pipe; and the cavity enclosed between the inner layer 205 and the inner pipe 1 is the gas channel 401.

[0121] Both the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are equipped with filter bags 19.

[0122] The isolation module B of the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe includes a second intermediate layer pipe, which is coaxially connected to the first intermediate layer pipe of the flow guiding module; the connecting module includes a third intermediate layer pipe, one end of which is coaxially connected to the second intermediate pipe, and the free end of the third intermediate pipe has rounded corners in both directions.

[0123] The first and second intermediate pipes are uniform wall thickness pipes with the same inner diameter and wall thickness. The third intermediate pipe is a stepped wall thickness pipe. At the joint with the second intermediate pipe, the inner diameter and wall thickness are the same as those of the second intermediate pipe. The wall thickness is increased by processing a bevel at 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the pipe, and the inner diameter is reduced.

[0124] One or more first support components are provided between the outer layer 204 and the middle layer 201 of the cooling pipe; one second support component is provided between the inner layer and the middle layer of the cooling pipe.

[0125] The first support component includes three first support arc segments 17 evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0126] The second support component includes four second support arc segments 20 evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0127] The second support component is located in the area where the wall thickness of the connecting section of the intermediate layer 201 of the cooling pipe increases.

[0128] The ventilation support ring 15 is an annular component with a central hole and 3 to 6 elliptical air distribution holes evenly distributed around its circumference. The ring body is coaxially assembled with the inner tube and the inner layer of the cooling tube. The inner diameter of the central hole of the ventilation support ring matches the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter of the ventilation support ring matches the inner diameter of the inner layer of the cooling tube.

[0129] The spray gun also includes an air intake assembly, which comprises an air intake pipe 207, a first gas inlet 4, and a second gas inlet 5. The first gas inlet 4 and the second gas inlet 5 are arranged radially symmetrically along the outer wall of the air intake pipe 207, with their center lines forming a 180° angle. One end of the air intake pipe 207 is coaxially connected to the inner layer of the cooling pipe at the cooling pipe sealing assembly, and the other end is connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange. The inner diameter and wall thickness of the air intake pipe 207 and the inner layer of the cooling pipe are the same.

[0130] The air intake assembly also includes two radially symmetrically arranged air intake guide plates 18 installed on the inner wall of the air intake pipe 207. The center line of the air intake guide plate 18 is perpendicular to the center line of the gas inlet and forms a 90° angle. The radial dimension of the air intake guide plate is smaller than the diameter of the air intake channel to ensure smooth airflow.

[0131] The spray gun also includes a vaporizing agent injection assembly 14, which includes a first conical nozzle, an annular support section and a second conical nozzle arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction, and 6 to 8 through-type injection channels evenly distributed circumferentially inside the assembly, the injection channels passing through the first conical nozzle, the annular support section and the second conical nozzle.

[0132] The annular support section is an annular structure with its inner hole matching the outer diameter of the inner tube and its outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the cooling pipe, used for radial positioning and support; the first conical nozzle is a truncated cone structure with a central through hole, its inlet diameter being smaller than its outlet diameter, and its outlet coaxially connected to the annular support section; the second conical nozzle is a truncated cone structure with a central through hole, its inlet diameter being larger than its outlet diameter, and its inlet coaxially connected to the annular support section; the first and second conical nozzles are fitted onto the outer wall of the inner tube through the central through hole.

[0133] The vaporizing agent injection assembly 14 is installed between the inner tube 1 at the nozzle outlet and the inner layer 205 of the cooling tube.

[0134] One end of the inner tube 1 is coaxially connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange 13 through a flange sealing joint, and the free end extends through the inner layer enclosure area of ​​the cooling tube and maintains axial overhang, with its free end extending 3-5cm beyond the outlet end face of the cooling tube 2.

[0135] The inner tube 1 is made of carbon steel and its inner wall is lined with a wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0136] The spray gun also includes a gun body cooling jacket 3, which is an overall sloping bottom cylindrical structure, including a side wall and a sloping end, both of which are hollow structures; a through hole is provided at the center of the sloping end, which is used to fit the outer periphery of the cooling pipe, and the inclination angle of the sloping end is designed to be adapted to the installation angle of the spray gun; the side wall and the sloping end of the cooling jacket are composed of an inner shell and an outer shell, and the sealed cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell constitutes a cooling water channel.

[0137] The gun body cooling sleeve 3 is coaxially installed on the outer periphery of the cooling pipe 2. The open end of the gun body cooling sleeve 3 is connected to the first fixed flange 6. The inner wall of the gun body cooling sleeve 3 and the outer wall of the cooling pipe 2 are kept in a non-contact state, and there is a gap between them. After installation, it is clamped by the sealing clamping device 7.

[0138] Application examples

[0139] This application example provides the application of the spray gun in the molten metal reactor of Embodiment 1.

[0140] The spray gun is connected to the spray gun mounting port of the molten metal reactor via a flange.

[0141] When the spray gun is in use, the gasifying agent is injected into the air inlet pipe 207 and the gas channel 401 at a speed of 150 m / s through the first gas inlet and the second gas inlet, flows towards the spray gun outlet, passes through the gasifying agent injection assembly, and is injected into the molten metal pool of the molten metal reactor; at the same time, biomass powder is injected into the molten metal reactor at a speed of 150 m / s through the inner tube.

[0142] After passing through the through-type jet channel of the gasifying agent injection component, the gas can achieve mutual shearing of multiple jets in the molten pool, promoting the micro-mixing of the gasifying agent, the material ejected from the inner tube, and the molten metal.

[0143] During the injection of materials and gasifying agents, the cooling system is activated. Cooling water first enters the outer cavity of the cooling pipe through the inlet and flows towards the outlet of the spray gun. After passing through the flow gap 208 between the outer and inner cavities of the cooling pipe at the outlet of the spray gun, the cooling water enters the inner cavity of the cooling pipe. The cooling water then flows through the inner cavity of the cooling pipe towards the inlet of the spray gun and exits through the outlet of the cooling pipe. The cooling water path is: inlet → outer cavity (high temperature zone) → flow gap → inner cavity (low temperature zone) → outlet. The cooling water first flows through the outer layer of the spray gun (directly contacting the high temperature zone), quickly carrying away the core heat. When the water flows in the reverse direction in the inner cavity, some of the heat has been released, reducing interference with the temperature of the materials and gases inside the cooling pipe and reducing heat loss in the reaction system.

[0144] In summary, this utility model spray gun achieves integrated material-gasifying agent spraying through the design of the inner tube and the annular gas channel between the inner tube and the cooling tube. This overcomes the limitations of traditional dual-gun design, allowing a single gun to simultaneously complete material delivery (such as biomass powder) and gasifying agent (oxygen / superheated steam) spraying, simplifying the process. The gasifying agent gun and the material gun spray in the same direction, facilitating more thorough contact between the gasifying agent and the material and enhancing the gasification effect. The inner tube sprays powdered materials (such as biomass powder), while the outer annular channel delivers the gasifying agent. The staggered outlet positions of the two prevent premature mixing, which could cause localized high-temperature ablation and carbon buildup in the spray gun head. Through the dual-cavity design of the cooling tube, cooling water first flows through the outer cavity (directly contacting the high-temperature area), quickly removing core heat. When the water flows in the reverse direction inside the cooling tube, some heat is already released, reducing interference with the temperature of the material and gas inside the cooling tube and minimizing heat loss in the reaction system. By combining the efficient gas distribution of the venting support ring with the high airflow utilization of the vaporizing agent injection assembly, the synergistic effect of the venting support ring and the vaporizing agent injection assembly can significantly optimize the gas flow path, improve flow stability, enhance airflow penetration and injection effect, and maximize the performance and efficiency of the entire system.

[0145] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A molten metal reactor nozzle, characterized in that, From the outside to the inside, it includes a gun body cooling jacket, a cooling pipe and an inner tube. The inner tube and the cooling pipe form an annular gas channel, and the inner tube is a channel for reactants. The spray gun also includes an air intake assembly, which includes an air intake pipe, a first gas inlet, and a second gas inlet. The first gas inlet and the second gas inlet are arranged radially symmetrically along the outer wall of the air intake pipe.

2. The spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intake assembly also includes two radially symmetrically arranged intake guide plates installed on the inner wall of the intake pipe. The center line of the intake guide plates is perpendicular to the center line of the gas inlet and forms a 90° angle.

3. The spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gun body cooling jacket includes a side wall and an oblique end, both of which are hollow structures; the side wall and oblique end of the cooling jacket are composed of an inner shell and an outer shell, and the sealed cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell constitutes a cooling water channel.

4. The spray gun according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gun body cooling sleeve is coaxially mounted on the outer periphery of the cooling pipe. The open end of the gun body cooling sleeve cylinder is connected to the first fixed flange. The inner wall of the gun body cooling sleeve and the outer wall of the cooling pipe are kept in a non-contact state, and there is a gap between them.

5. The spray gun according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coaxial coverage area of ​​the cooling sleeve around the cooling pipe is the inlet section of the cooling pipe; the inlet section of the cooling pipe extends axially from the inlet end face of the spray gun to 30%-50% of the total length of the spray gun, and the part from the end of the inlet section to the outlet end face of the spray gun is the outlet section of the cooling pipe.

6. The spray gun according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall surface of the cooling pipe outlet section is machined with continuously distributed fin-shaped grooves.

7. The spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the inner tube is coaxially connected to the pneumatic conveying material interface flange through a flange sealing joint, and the free end extends through the enclosed area of ​​the cooling pipe and maintains axial overhang, with its free end extending 3-5cm beyond the outlet end face of the cooling pipe.

8. The spray gun according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner tube is made of carbon steel and its inner wall is lined with a wear-resistant ceramic layer.

9. The spray gun according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling pipe includes an outer cavity and an inner cavity that are interconnected; the inlet section of the cooling pipe is made of carbon steel, and the outlet section of the cooling pipe is made of copper.

10. A molten metal reaction vessel, characterized in that, The device includes the spray gun as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is connected to the spray gun mounting port of the molten metal reactor; the molten metal reactor further includes a primary molten metal reactor and a secondary molten metal reactor that are interconnected through a gas-liquid channel.

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