A fuel cell hybrid tractor multi-input / output coupling mechanism

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of vehicle drive technology, and in particular relates to a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor. The structure includes a fuel cell (24), a DC / DC unidirectional converter (25), a second motor (26), a planetary gear system, a hydraulic system, a drive axle (30), a brake (18), a clutch (5), a first motor (22), and a power battery (23). This utility model combines a continuously variable transmission (CVT) device and a power coupling device. The CVT device and the power coupling device share a planetary gear system. The planetary gear system can both change speed and achieve power coupling, reducing transmission links, saving manufacturing costs, saving vehicle space, and improving energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of automotive drive technology, and in particular relates to a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor. Background Technology

[0002] Tractors are widely used in modern agriculture. Electric tractors are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly than traditional fuel-powered tractors, and are better suited to the development of future new agriculture. Electric tractors can be well integrated with facility agriculture, promoting its large-scale promotion and enabling agricultural production in arid, cold, and low-pressure areas. In terms of new energy utilization, because their operating areas are widely distributed in farmland, they can be combined with wind and photovoltaic power generation, facilitating convenient charging nearby. Furthermore, the western and northwestern regions of my country, rich in solar energy, and the "Three Norths" region, rich in wind energy, are mostly plateaus, deserts, and cold regions where traditional agriculture is weak. These regions urgently need to promote facility agriculture on a large scale to leverage their energy and spatial advantages, and electric tractors can play an important role in this process.

[0003] However, despite more than a decade of research and development, electric tractors have not yet achieved widespread application. The direct reason is that their performance cannot yet match that of traditional power tractors, and their cost is relatively high. When tractors operate in the field, they need to drive various external equipment. The harsh working environment and the impact of field loads place higher demands on their protection and output, as well as on the power battery, motor drive, and overall vehicle electronic control system. Fuel cell technology, with its advantages of high efficiency and zero emissions, has been widely used in recent years, and its application in agricultural machinery has great potential.

[0004] The hybrid power coupling mechanism is a crucial component of fuel cell hybrid tractors. It transmits power to the drive axle to propel the vehicle by coupling and rationally distributing the power from multiple power sources, such as internal combustion engines and electric motors. However, in existing technologies, hybrid power coupling mechanisms involve both traditional engine-driven and electric motor-driven systems, requiring solutions to a series of issues related to efficiency, cost, manufacturing, and space assembly. This often necessitates the use of numerous actuators and complex coordination to achieve multi-mode drive.

[0005] Current hybrid power coupling mechanisms suffer from problems such as complex structure, high manufacturing difficulty, difficulty in control, and large assembly space requirements in automobiles. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of power coupling device to solve these problems and promote the widespread application of new energy tractors in agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to propose a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor, which combines a continuously variable transmission (CVT) device and a power coupling device. The CVT device and the power coupling device share a planetary gear system, which can control the speed change and achieve power coupling at the same time. This reduces transmission links, saves manufacturing costs, and improves the energy utilization rate of the entire vehicle.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A fuel cell hybrid tractor multi-input / output coupling mechanism, the structure including a fuel cell 24, a DC / DC unidirectional converter 25, a second motor 26, a planetary gear system, a hydraulic system, a drive axle 30, a brake 18, a clutch 5, a first motor 22, and a power battery 23;

[0009] The clutch 5 includes a first spur gear 16, a second spur gear 17, and a gear 6;

[0010] A gear 6 is fixedly connected to the first gear shaft; a first spur gear 16 is also fixedly connected to the first gear shaft; a second spur gear 17 is fixedly connected to the second gear shaft; the gear 6 is arranged on the outside of the gear ring 4 and adjacent to the gear ring 4.

[0011] The first gear shaft and the second gear shaft are arranged in parallel inside the housing 1. The first gear shaft can move along its own axial direction. Through the axial movement of the first gear shaft, in the power engagement state, the gear 6 meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring 4, the first spur gear 16 meshes with the second spur gear 17, and the power is connected between the gear ring 4 and the power storage battery 23. In the power disconnection state, the gear 6 separates from the outer ring of the gear ring 4, the first spur gear 16 separates from the second spur gear 17, and the gear ring 4 cannot charge the power storage battery 23 through the first motor 22.

[0012] The planetary gear train is arranged inside the housing 1 and includes a first planet carrier 3, a ring gear 4, planetary gears 7, a planet shaft 9, a sun gear shaft 10, an output shaft 11, and a second planet carrier 12.

[0013] The second planetary carrier 12 is supported on the housing 1 by the third bearing 13. The second planetary carrier 12 is connected to the output shaft 11 by a key. The output shaft 11 is connected to the drive axle 30. The first planetary carrier 3 is supported on the housing 1 by the first bearing 2. The sun gear shaft 10 is supported on the housing 1 by the fourth bearing 14.

[0014] The inner and outer rings of the gear ring 4 are respectively provided with gear teeth. The inner ring of the gear ring 4 meshes with the planetary gear 7, and the outer ring of the gear ring 4 meshes with the gear 6 when in the power engagement state.

[0015] Planetary shaft 9 is connected to planetary gear 7 via second bearing 8;

[0016] The first planetary carrier 3 and the second planetary carrier 12 are located on the left and right sides of the planetary gear 7, respectively, restricting the planetary gear 7 from moving in the left and right directions; the sun gear shaft 10 is a gear shaft that meshes with the planetary gear 7, and the axial movement of the sun gear shaft 10 is restricted by the fourth bearing 14.

[0017] Brake 18 is connected to housing 1; brake 18 is arranged outside the gear ring 4 and adjacent to the gear ring 4; brake 18 is capable of moving along its own axial direction, and through the axial movement of brake 18, in the braking state, the outer ring of gear ring 4 contacts brake 18.

[0018] The hydraulic system includes a first electrically controlled directional valve 19, a second electrically controlled directional valve 20, a hydraulic oil tank 21, a hydraulic pump 27, a power output device 28, and a hydraulic motor 29.

[0019] The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 27 is connected to the oil inlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve 19, and the first oil outlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve 19 is hydraulically connected to the first end of the hydraulic motor 29. When braking, the directional valve reverses to stop the hydraulic motor 29 from working.

[0020] The second oil outlet of the first electronically controlled directional valve 19 is hydraulically connected to the first end of the power output device 28, controlling the on / off connection between the hydraulic pump 27 and the power output device 28, as well as the rotation direction of the bidirectional hydraulic motor and the PTO shaft.

[0021] The second end of the hydraulic motor 29 is hydraulically connected to the first oil inlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20, the second end of the power output device 28 is hydraulically connected to the second oil inlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20, and the oil outlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20 is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank 21.

[0022] The oil inlet of the hydraulic pump 27 is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank 21;

[0023] The fuel cell 24 is electrically connected to the second motor 26 via a DC / DC unidirectional converter 25, and the second motor 26 is mechanically connected to the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump 27.

[0024] The power battery 23 is electrically connected to the first motor 22.

[0025] The outer end of the housing 1 is provided with a housing end cap 15, which is connected to the housing 1 by screws.

[0026] The hydraulic pump 27 is a variable displacement pump, and the hydraulic motor 29 is a fixed displacement motor.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. By combining the continuously variable transmission (CVT) and the power coupling device, the CVT and the power coupling device share a planetary gear system. The planetary gear system can control the speed change and also realize the coupling of power, reducing transmission links, saving manufacturing costs, saving vehicle space, and improving energy utilization.

[0029] 2. During braking, the hydraulic motor is locked to prevent the sun gear from rotating with the planetary carrier. The mechanical energy recovered during braking is transmitted from the drive axle through the planetary carrier to the ring gear, and then recovered by the motor and stored in the power battery, resulting in higher recovery efficiency.

[0030] 3. The newly designed power coupling mechanism is highly adaptable and can be used in the power system configuration of different vehicles with relevant requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear train of a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor according to the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the attached figures are:

[0034] 1. Housing 2. First bearing

[0035] 3. First planetary carrier 4. Gear ring

[0036] 5. Clutch 6. Gear

[0037] 7. Planetary gears 8. Second bearing

[0038] 9. Planetary axis 10. Sun gear axis

[0039] 11. Output shaft 12. Second planetary carrier

[0040] 13. Third bearing 14. Fourth bearing

[0041] 15. Housing end cover; 16. First spur gear

[0042] 17. Second spur gear 18. Brake

[0043] 19. First electrically controlled directional valve; 20. Second electrically controlled directional valve

[0044] 21. Hydraulic oil tank; 22. First motor

[0045] 23. Power storage battery 24. Fuel cell

[0046] 25. DC / DC unidirectional converter 26. Second motor

[0047] 27. Hydraulic pump 28. Power take-off device

[0048] 29. Hydraulic motor 30. Drive axle Detailed Implementation

[0049] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a planetary gear train diagram of a multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor according to the present invention.

[0051] A fuel cell hybrid tractor multi-input / output coupling mechanism includes a fuel cell 24, a DC / DC unidirectional converter 25, a second motor 26, a planetary gear system, a hydraulic system, a drive axle 30, a brake 18, a clutch 5, a first motor 22, and a power battery 23.

[0052] The clutch 5 includes a first spur gear 16, a second spur gear 17, and a gear 6.

[0053] A gear 6 is fixedly connected to the first gear shaft. A first spur gear 16 is also fixedly connected to the first gear shaft. A second spur gear 17 is fixedly connected to the second gear shaft. Gear 6 is arranged outside the gear ring 4 and adjacent to the gear ring 4.

[0054] The first gear shaft and the second gear shaft are arranged parallel to each other inside the housing 1. The first gear shaft can move along its own axial direction, while the second gear shaft is mechanically connected to the first motor 22 and does not move axially. Through the axial movement of the first gear shaft, in the power-engaged state, gear 6 meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring 4, and the first spur gear 16 and the second spur gear 17 mesh, thus connecting the gear ring 4 with the power battery 23. In the power-disconnected state, gear 6 separates from the outer ring of the gear ring 4, and the first spur gear 16 and the second spur gear 17 separate, preventing the gear ring 4 from charging the power battery 23 through the first motor 22.

[0055] The planetary gear train is arranged inside the housing 1 and includes a first planet carrier 3, a ring gear 4, planetary gears 7, a planet shaft 9, a sun gear shaft 10, an output shaft 11, and a second planet carrier 12.

[0056] The second planetary carrier 12 is supported on the housing 1 by the third bearing 13. The second planetary carrier 12 is connected to the output shaft 11 via a key, and the output shaft 11 is connected to the drive axle 30. The first planetary carrier 3 is supported on the housing 1 by the first bearing 2. The sun gear shaft 10 is supported on the housing 1 by the fourth bearing 14.

[0057] The inner and outer rings of the gear ring 4 are respectively provided with gear teeth. The inner ring of the gear ring 4 meshes with the planetary gear 7, and the outer ring of the gear ring 4 meshes with the gear 6 when in the power engagement state.

[0058] The planetary shaft 9 is connected to the planetary gear 7 via the second bearing 8.

[0059] The first planetary carrier 3 and the second planetary carrier 12 are located on the left and right sides of the planetary gear 7, respectively, restricting the movement of the planetary gear 7 in the left and right directions. The sun gear shaft 10 is a gear shaft that meshes with the planetary gear 7, and the axial movement of the sun gear shaft 10 is restricted by the fourth bearing 14.

[0060] The outer end of the housing 1 is provided with a housing end cap 15, which is connected to the housing 1 by screws.

[0061] Brake 18 is connected to housing 1. Brake 18 is arranged outside and adjacent to gear ring 4. Brake 18 is capable of axial movement, and through this axial movement, the outer ring of gear ring 4 contacts brake 18 in the braking state.

[0062] The hydraulic system includes a first electrically controlled directional valve 19, a second electrically controlled directional valve 20, a hydraulic oil tank 21, a hydraulic pump 27, a power output device 28, and a hydraulic motor 29.

[0063] The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 27 is connected to the oil inlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve 19, and the first oil outlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve 19 is hydraulically connected to the first end of the hydraulic motor 29. When braking, the directional valve reverses to stop the hydraulic motor 29 from working.

[0064] The second oil outlet of the first electronically controlled directional valve 19 is hydraulically connected to the first end of the power output device 28, controlling the on / off connection between the hydraulic pump 27 and the power output device 28, as well as the rotation of the bidirectional hydraulic motor and the PTO shaft.

[0065] The second end of the hydraulic motor 29 is hydraulically connected to the first oil inlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20, the second end of the power output device 28 is hydraulically connected to the second oil inlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20, and the oil outlet of the second electrically controlled directional valve 20 is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank 21.

[0066] The oil inlet of the hydraulic pump 27 is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank 21.

[0067] The hydraulic pump 27 is a variable pump, and the hydraulic motor 29 is a fixed displacement motor. The hydraulic pump 27, the hydraulic motor 29, the planetary gear system, the first motor 22, and the clutch 5 constitute a mechanical hydraulic continuously variable transmission system.

[0068] The sun gear shaft 10 in the planetary gear train is mechanically connected to the hydraulic motor output shaft of the hydraulic motor 29; the second planetary carrier 12 is mechanically connected to the drive axle 30; the gear ring 4 is mechanically connected to the first motor 22 via the clutch 5; and the gear ring 4 is connected to the housing 1 via the brake 18.

[0069] The fuel cell 24 is electrically connected to the second motor 26 via a DC / DC unidirectional converter 25, and the second motor 26 is mechanically connected to the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump 27.

[0070] The power battery 23 is electrically connected to the first motor 22.

[0071] The working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0072] The power battery 23 is electrically connected to the first motor 22, and the fuel cell 24 is electrically connected to the second motor 26 through a DC / DC unidirectional converter 25.

[0073] The second motor 26 is mechanically connected to the hydraulic pump 27. The second motor 26 drives the hydraulic pump 27 to work and transmit mechanical energy to the planetary gear system. The first motor 22 transmits mechanical energy to the planetary gear system through the clutch 5. The planetary gear system, as a power coupling device, transmits mechanical energy to the drive axle 30. The entire power system is a dual-shaft torque coupling type.

[0074] The power system is a hybrid fuel cell power system. The fuel cell 24 only provides a portion of the vehicle's power demand, with the remaining portion provided by the power storage battery 23; the fuel cell 24 can frequently operate within its rated power range where the system efficiency is high.

[0075] The power output device 28 of the fuel cell hybrid tractor power system is driven by a bidirectional quantitative hydraulic motor to output power through the PTO shaft. It can realize stepless adjustment of output power and forward and reverse rotation of the PTO shaft, which facilitates connection to agricultural implements with different functions.

[0076] The hydraulic motor 29 is mechanically connected to the sun gear shaft 10, the first motor 22 is mechanically connected to the gear ring 4 through the clutch 5, and the drive axle 30 is mechanically connected to the second planetary carrier 12, thereby achieving power coupling.

[0077] The speed control and working mode switching of this utility model are achieved by the following method:

[0078] In low-speed mode, brake 18 is engaged, gear ring 4 is fixed, and fuel cell 24 outputs power through DC / DC unidirectional converter 25 and second motor 26 to drive hydraulic pump 27. After passing through first electronically controlled reversing valve 19, power is output by power output device 28 and hydraulic motor 29. Hydraulic motor 29 is mechanically connected to sun gear shaft 10 to transmit power. Sun gear shaft 10 transmits power to second planetary carrier 12 through planetary gear 7. Second planetary carrier 12 is connected to output shaft 11 through key to transmit power. Finally, power is transmitted to drive axle. In this process, stepless speed change can be achieved by controlling the displacement adjustment mechanism of hydraulic pump.

[0079] In high-speed mode, brake 18 stops working, clutch 5 engages, gear 6 meshes with ring gear 4, power battery 23 outputs power through first motor 22 and transmits it to ring gear 4, power from sun gear shaft 10 and ring gear 4 is transmitted to second planetary carrier 12 through planetary gear 7, second planetary carrier 12 and output shaft 11 are connected by key to transmit power, and finally the power is transmitted to drive axle.

[0080] In energy recovery mode, clutch 5 engages, gear 6 meshes with ring gear 4, hydraulic motor 29 locks, sun gear shaft 10 stops rotating, and mechanical energy generated by drive axle 30 during braking is transmitted to ring gear 4 through second planetary carrier 12 and planetary gear 7, and then recovered by first motor 22 through clutch 5 and stored in power battery 23, thus completing energy recovery.

Claims

1. A multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor, characterized in that: The mechanism includes a fuel cell (24), a DC / DC unidirectional converter (25), a second motor (26), a planetary gear system, a hydraulic system, a drive axle (30), a brake (18), a clutch (5), a first motor (22), and a power battery (23). The clutch (5) includes a first spur gear (16), a second spur gear (17), and a gear (6). A gear (6) is fixedly connected to the first gear shaft; a first spur gear (16) is also fixedly connected to the first gear shaft; a second spur gear (17) is fixedly connected to the second gear shaft; the gear (6) is arranged on the outside of the gear ring (4) and adjacent to the gear ring (4); The first gear shaft and the second gear shaft are arranged in parallel inside the housing (1). The first gear shaft can move along its own axial direction. Through the axial movement of the first gear shaft, in the power engagement state, the gear (6) meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring (4), the first spur gear (16) meshes with the second spur gear (17), and the power is connected between the gear ring (4) and the power storage battery (23). In the power disconnection state, the gear (6) separates from the outer ring of the gear ring (4), the first spur gear (16) separates from the second spur gear (17), and the gear ring (4) cannot charge the power storage battery (23) through the first motor (22). The planetary gear train is arranged inside the housing (1) and includes a first planet carrier (3), a ring gear (4), planetary gears (7), a planetary shaft (9), a sun gear shaft (10), an output shaft (11), and a second planet carrier (12). The second planetary carrier (12) is supported on the housing (1) by the third bearing (13), and the second planetary carrier (12) is connected to the output shaft (11) by a key. The output shaft (11) is connected to the drive axle (30); the first planetary carrier (3) is supported on the housing (1) by the first bearing (2); the sun gear shaft (10) is supported on the housing (1) by the fourth bearing (14); The inner and outer rings of the gear ring (4) are respectively provided with gear teeth. The inner ring of the gear ring (4) meshes with the planetary gear (7), and the outer ring of the gear ring (4) meshes with the gear (6) when in the power engagement state. The planetary shaft (9) is connected to the planetary gear (7) via the second bearing (8); The first planetary carrier (3) and the second planetary carrier (12) are located on the left and right sides of the planetary gear (7) respectively, restricting the planetary gear (7) from moving in the left and right directions; the sun gear shaft (10) is a gear shaft that meshes with the planetary gear (7), and the axial movement of the sun gear shaft (10) is restricted by the fourth bearing (14); The brake (18) is connected to the housing (1); the brake (18) is arranged on the outside of the gear ring (4) and adjacent to the gear ring (4); the brake (18) is capable of moving along its own axial direction, and through the axial movement of the brake (18), the outer ring of the gear ring (4) contacts the brake (18) in the braking state. The hydraulic system includes a first electrically controlled directional valve (19), a second electrically controlled directional valve (20), a hydraulic oil tank (21), a hydraulic pump (27), a power output device (28), and a hydraulic motor (29). The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (27) is connected to the oil inlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve (19), and the first oil outlet of the first electrically controlled directional valve (19) is hydraulically connected to the first end of the hydraulic motor (29). When braking, the directional valve reverses to stop the hydraulic motor (29) from working. The second oil outlet of the first electronically controlled directional valve (19) is hydraulically connected to the first end of the power output device (28) to control the on / off connection between the hydraulic pump (27) and the power output device (28) and the rotation of the bidirectional hydraulic motor and PTO shaft; The second end of the hydraulic motor (29) is hydraulically connected to the first oil inlet of the second electronically controlled directional valve (20), the second end of the power output device (28) is hydraulically connected to the second oil inlet of the second electronically controlled directional valve (20), and the oil outlet of the second electronically controlled directional valve (20) is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank (21). The oil inlet of the hydraulic pump (27) is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic oil tank (21); The fuel cell (24) is electrically connected to the second motor (26) via a DC / DC unidirectional converter (25), and the second motor (26) is mechanically connected to the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump (27). The power battery (23) is electrically connected to the first motor (22).

2. The fuel cell hybrid tractor multi-input / output coupling mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the housing (1) is provided with a housing end cap (15), which is connected to the housing (1) by screws.

3. The multi-input / output coupling mechanism for a fuel cell hybrid tractor as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic pump (27) is a variable pump, and the hydraulic motor (29) is a fixed displacement motor.

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