cable

Abstract

This utility model discloses a cable, relating to the field of electrical component technology. The cable includes, from the inside out, a conductor core, a first water-blocking tape, a shielding layer, an insulation layer, an insulating shielding layer, a second water-blocking tape, a metal shielding layer, a reinforcing shielding layer, a third water-blocking tape, and a main protective layer. The conductor core comprises a first water-blocking yarn and multiple strands of single-wire conductors, with the first water-blocking yarn filling the gaps between the single-wire conductors. The first water-blocking tape is longitudinally wrapped around the conductor core, and the second water-blocking tape is wrapped around the insulating shielding layer. The metal shielding layer comprises multiple copper wires and multiple strands of second water-blocking yarn, with the copper wires loosely wound around the second water-blocking tape, and the spaces between adjacent copper wires filled with second water-blocking yarn. The reinforcing shielding layer comprises a soft copper strip wrapped around the metal shielding layer. The third water-blocking tape is wrapped around the soft copper strip. This design enables multi-layered radial and axial water blocking within the cable, thereby improving its water-blocking performance and reducing the intrusion of external moisture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrical components technology, and in particular to a cable. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the development of the power industry and new power technologies, underwater cable laying projects are becoming increasingly common, such as cable laying projects across rivers and streams within cities. Unlike cables used for overhead and pipeline laying, these underwater cables are more difficult to maintain, more costly, and have longer maintenance cycles. Therefore, they are required to have characteristics such as high structural strength and excellent water-blocking performance. However, in actual use, the underwater cables currently in use still exhibit poor water-blocking performance after a certain number of years, making it difficult to meet the design expectations for water-blocking requirements. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a cable that enhances the water-blocking performance of underwater cables and reduces the intrusion of external moisture.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a cable comprising, from the inside out, a conductor, a first water-blocking strip, a shielding layer, an insulation layer, an insulating shielding layer, a second water-blocking strip, a metallic shielding layer, a reinforced shielding layer, a third water-blocking strip, and a main protective layer, wherein:

[0005] The core includes a first water-blocking yarn and multiple strands of single-wire conductors, wherein the first water-blocking yarn fills the gaps between the multiple strands of single-wire conductors.

[0006] The first water-blocking tape is longitudinally wrapped around the wire core, and the second water-blocking tape is wrapped around the insulating shielding layer;

[0007] The metal shielding layer includes multiple copper wires and multiple strands of second water-blocking yarn. The copper wires are loosely wound around the second water-blocking strip, and the second water-blocking yarn is filled between adjacent copper wires.

[0008] The reinforced shielding layer includes a soft copper strip, which is wrapped around the metal shielding layer;

[0009] The third water-blocking strip is wrapped around the soft copper strip.

[0010] In one embodiment, the main protective layer includes an isolation layer, which is extruded onto the third water-blocking strip.

[0011] In one embodiment, the main protective layer further includes an armor layer and a fourth water-blocking strip, the fourth water-blocking strip being wrapped around the isolation layer, and the armor layer comprising multiple parallel metal wires, the multiple metal wires being spirally wound around the fourth water-blocking strip.

[0012] In one embodiment, the main protective layer further includes a sheath, which is extruded onto the armor layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the sheath is made of medium-density polyethylene.

[0014] In one embodiment, the armor layer further includes polypropylene tack tape wrapped around the outside of the metal wire.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first and second water-blocking strips are semi-conductive water-blocking strips, and the third and fourth water-blocking strips are insulating water-blocking strips.

[0016] In one embodiment, the soft copper strip is spirally wound around the metal shielding layer at intervals. The width of the soft copper strip is defined as W, and the spacing between adjacent soft copper strips is defined as d.

[0017] Then: d = (100% ~ 200%) × W.

[0018] In one embodiment, the shielding layer is extruded onto the first water-blocking tape, the insulating layer is extruded onto the shielding layer, and the insulating shielding layer is extruded onto the insulating layer; the shielding layer, the insulating layer, and the insulating shielding layer are co-extruded into three layers.

[0019] In one embodiment, the cable further includes a protective coating applied to the outer periphery of the main protective layer.

[0020] According to the technical solution provided by this utility model, the cable includes, from the inside out, a conductor core, a first water-blocking tape, a shielding layer, an insulation layer, an insulation shielding layer, a second water-blocking tape, a metal shielding layer, a reinforcing shielding layer, a third water-blocking tape, and a main protective layer, wherein: the conductor core includes a first water-blocking yarn and multiple strands of single-wire conductors, the first water-blocking yarn filling the gaps between the multiple strands of single-wire conductors; the first water-blocking tape is longitudinally wrapped around the conductor core, and the second water-blocking tape is wrapped around the insulation shielding layer; the metal shielding layer includes multiple copper wires and multiple strands of second water-blocking yarn, the copper wires being loosely wound around the second water-blocking tape, and the spaces between adjacent copper wires being filled with second water-blocking yarn; the reinforcing shielding layer includes a soft copper strip, the soft copper strip being wrapped around the metal shielding layer; and the third water-blocking tape is wrapped around the soft copper strip. The first and second water-blocking yarns expand upon contact with water, preventing water from continuously penetrating radially into the cable. This allows the first water-blocking yarn to provide a radial seal within the core, and the second water-blocking yarn to provide a radial seal within the metallic shielding layer. Simultaneously, the alternating placement of the first, second, and third water-blocking bands prevents water from penetrating the insulation layer axially in the event of cable damage, thus improving the cable's axial water-blocking capability. In this way, both the axial and radial water-blocking performance of the cable are enhanced, enabling the cable to meet long-term water-blocking requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the cable provided by this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the mid-section AA.

[0025] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0026] 1. Single conductor; 2. First water-blocking yarn; 3. First water-blocking tape; 4. Shielding layer; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Insulating shielding layer; 7. Second water-blocking tape; 8. Copper wire; 9. Second water-blocking yarn; 10. Reinforced shielding layer; 11. Third water-blocking tape; 12. Insulation layer; 13. Fourth water-blocking tape; 14. Armoring layer; 15. Sheath.

[0027] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0030] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0031] With technological innovation in the power industry, underground and underwater cable laying projects have become a crucial link in energy transmission and urban power grid construction. Taking underwater cables as an example, their advantages include strong concealment, small footprint, and outstanding resistance to natural disasters, making them increasingly common as power transmission channels across rivers and lakes in inland cities. However, compared to traditional overhead lines or buried pipelines, underwater cables are constantly immersed in high-pressure, highly corrosive water environments. Furthermore, maintenance requires specialized vessels, diving equipment, and even underwater robots. The cost of repairing a single fault can be 5-8 times that of terrestrial cables, and the repair cycle can extend to several months. Therefore, the design requirements for underwater cables are typically high. Their structural design must consider tensile, compressive, and bending mechanical properties, while also possessing excellent water-blocking properties to prevent moisture penetration that could lead to insulation failure, short circuits, or even system paralysis.

[0032] According to the applicant's findings, although significant breakthroughs have been made in the selection of materials and manufacturing processes for underwater cables, such as the innovative technology of using metal sheaths and water-blocking strips for dual protection, in actual engineering applications, cables that have been in service for a long time still generally exhibit a deterioration in water-blocking performance, failing to meet the design expectations for the water-blocking requirements of underwater cables.

[0033] In view of this, the present invention proposes a cable to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned problems.

[0034] Please see Figures 1 to 3In one embodiment of this utility model, the cable includes, from the inside out, a wire core, a first water-blocking tape 3, a shielding layer 4, an insulation layer 5, an insulating shielding layer 6, a second water-blocking tape 7, a metal shielding layer, a reinforcing shielding layer 10, a third water-blocking tape 11, and a main protective layer, wherein: the wire core includes a first water-blocking yarn 2 and multiple strands of single-wire conductor 1, the first water-blocking yarn 2 filling the gaps between the multiple strands of single-wire conductor 1; the first water-blocking tape 3 is longitudinally wrapped around the wire core, and the second water-blocking tape 7 is wrapped around the insulating shielding layer 6; the metal shielding layer includes multiple copper wires 8 and multiple strands of second water-blocking yarn 9, the copper wires 8 are loosely wound around the second water-blocking tape 7, and the second water-blocking yarn 9 is filled between adjacent copper wires 8; the reinforcing shielding layer 10 includes a soft copper strip, the soft copper strip is wrapped around the metal shielding layer; and the third water-blocking tape 11 is wrapped around the soft copper strip.

[0035] Specifically, the first water-blocking yarn 2 is twisted together with the single conductor 1 to form the core, allowing the first water-blocking yarn 2 to fill the gaps between the single conductors 1. The first water-blocking yarn 2 is woven from a mixture of highly absorbent resin fibers and special fibers. When exposed to water, the highly absorbent resin fibers expand fully to fill the gaps between the single conductors 1, while the special fibers ensure the overall mechanical strength and structural stability of the first water-blocking yarn 2. This allows the first water-blocking yarn 2 to promptly prevent water from penetrating radially along the core, thereby improving the water-blocking performance of the core. The second water-blocking yarn 9 has the same structure and working principle as the first water-blocking yarn 2. The second water-blocking yarn 9 fills the gaps between adjacent copper wires 8, preventing water from penetrating the cable through the gaps in the copper wires 8, further improving the longitudinal water-blocking performance of the cable, reducing the probability of water penetrating the insulation layer 5, and thus improving the cable's water-blocking performance. Based on this, the use of soft copper tape wrapped around the copper wire 8 and the second water-blocking yarn 9 further enhances the electromagnetic shielding capability of the cable. Simultaneously, the soft copper tape acts as a clamping effect, securing the metal shielding layer and its internal structure, thereby improving the overall strength of the cable. Furthermore, the first water-blocking tape 3, the second water-blocking tape 7, and the third water-blocking tape 11 all contain water-absorbing and swelling rubber. Upon contact with water, the water-absorbing and swelling rubber quickly fills the gaps, thus preventing moisture intrusion. Along the cable's axial direction, the three layers of water-blocking tape are spaced apart within the cable. A main protective layer is also provided around the third water-blocking tape 11, giving the cable four layers of axial protection, thereby improving its axial water-blocking performance. Combined with the second water-blocking yarn 9 in the metal shielding layer, even if the main protective layer is damaged, moisture is unlikely to penetrate the protection of the third water-blocking tape 11, the second water-blocking yarn 9, and the second water-blocking tape 7 to enter the insulation layer 5, thus ensuring the electrical safety of the cable and preventing the insulation layer 5 from failing.

[0036] According to the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the first water-blocking yarn 2 and the second water-blocking yarn 9 can expand upon contact with water, preventing moisture from continuously penetrating inward along the radial direction of the cable. This allows the first water-blocking yarn 2 to provide a radial seal inside the core, and the second water-blocking yarn 9 to provide a radial seal inside the metal shielding layer. Simultaneously, the first, second, and third water-blocking strips 11 are spaced apart, preventing moisture from penetrating the insulation layer 5 axially when the cable is damaged, thus improving the cable's axial water-blocking capability. In this way, both the axial and radial water-blocking performance of the cable are improved. Even after long-term service and damage to the main protective layer, moisture penetration into the insulation layer 5 can be prevented, allowing the cable to meet long-term water-blocking requirements.

[0037] In one embodiment of this utility model, please refer to Figure 2 The main protective layer includes an isolation layer 12, which is extruded onto the third water-blocking strip 11. The isolation layer 12 is formed by extrusion of polyvinyl chloride material, and the extrusion process can further improve the axial water-blocking capability of the cable.

[0038] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 In one embodiment of this utility model, the main protective layer further includes an armor layer 14 and a fourth water-blocking tape 13. The fourth water-blocking tape 13 is wrapped around the isolation layer 12. The armor layer 14 includes multiple parallel metal wires, which are spirally wound around the fourth water-blocking tape 13. Since the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13 are both made by wrapping, their structure is relatively thinner than the armor layer 14 and the metal shielding layer. Therefore, an isolation layer 12 is provided between the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13 to prevent the armor layer 14 from coming into close contact with the copper wire 8, soft copper strip, etc., so as to buffer the mechanical stress between the armor layer 14 and the copper wire 8 or soft copper strip, and avoid relative displacement between the armor layer 14 and the copper wire 8 or soft copper strip when the cable is bent, which would cause wear on the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13. In this embodiment, the metal wire includes either aluminum wire or steel wire. Multiple metal wires are arranged side by side and spirally wound around the fourth water-blocking layer at an angle between 30° and 60°. The metal wires should be arranged closely and uniformly, and the total gap between the metal wires should be less than or equal to the diameter of one metal wire.

[0039] By incorporating the armor layer 14, the cable can effectively resist external mechanical forces such as compression and impact, protecting its internal structure from damage. The surface of the metal wires must be smooth and free of sharp edges. After armoring, the metal wires must not exhibit any back strands, bends, twists, bulges, or lantern-like appearances.

[0040] In one embodiment of this utility model, please refer to Figure 2The main protective layer also includes a sheath 15, which is extruded onto the armor layer 14. The sheath 15 is made of medium-density polyethylene. As the protective layer that directly contacts the cable with the external environment, the sheath 15 should have properties such as protecting the internal structure of the cable, waterproofing, puncture resistance, and resistance to low-temperature cracking. Therefore, in this embodiment, the sheath 15 is made of medium-density polyethylene so that the cable can be used in harsh environments or scenarios with high safety performance requirements.

[0041] In one embodiment of this invention, the armor layer 14 further includes polypropylene tie-up tape, which is wound around the outside of the metal wire. The polypropylene tie-up tape, through its honeycomb or patterned structure, forms an elastic buffer layer on the outside of the metal wire. When the cable is subjected to external compression, friction, or impact, the uneven surface of the polypropylene tie-up tape can disperse stress, reducing the risk of direct wear or deformation of the metal wire. Simultaneously, winding the polypropylene tie-up tape around the outside of the metal wire can fix the metal wire, preventing displacement when the cable bends or vibrates, and avoiding the metal wire from unraveling.

[0042] In one embodiment of this utility model, the first water-blocking tape 3 and the second water-blocking tape 7 are semi-conductive water-blocking tapes, while the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13 are insulating water-blocking tapes. The first water-blocking tape 3 and the second water-blocking tape 7 are disposed on the inner side of the metal shielding layer, while the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13 are disposed on the outer side of the metal shielding layer. The semi-conductive water-blocking tapes can form a charge path, allowing the first water-blocking tape 3 to fill the gap between the wire core and the shielding layer 4, and the second water-blocking tape 7 to fill the gap between the metal shielding layer and the insulating shielding layer 6. This can eliminate electric field distortion caused by uneven surfaces of the wire core and the insulating shielding layer 6, thereby improving insulation reliability. The use of insulating water-blocking tapes 11 and 13 can enhance electrical isolation.

[0043] In one embodiment of this utility model, the longitudinal overlap width of the first water-blocking tape 3 is not less than 20% of the circumference length of the wire core, and when the second water-blocking tape 7, the third water-blocking tape 11 and the fourth water-blocking tape 13 are wrapped, the width of the overlap is 15% to 20% of their own width.

[0044] In one embodiment of this utility model, please refer to Figure 3The soft copper tape is spirally wrapped around the metal shielding layer at intervals. Let the width of the soft copper tape be W, and the spacing between adjacent soft copper tapes be d. Then: d = (100%~200%) × W. Specifically, the gap between two adjacent soft copper tapes should be one to two times their width. As a reinforcing structure of the metal shielding layer, the soft copper tape works in conjunction with the metal shielding layer to improve the electromagnetic shielding capability of the cable. By setting the gap ratio between the soft copper tapes to 100%~200%, the electromagnetic shielding capability of the cable can be strengthened while reducing the rigid constraint of the soft copper tape on the cable, making the cable more flexible, and reducing the amount of soft copper tape used, thus reducing the cable cost and unit weight.

[0045] In one embodiment of this invention, a shielding layer 4 is extruded onto a first water-blocking tape 3, an insulating layer 5 is extruded onto the shielding layer 4, and an insulating shielding layer 6 is extruded onto the insulating layer 5. The shielding layer 4, insulating layer 5, and insulating shielding layer 6 are co-extruded. The shielding layer 4 fills the surface of the first water-blocking tape 3 to eliminate the tip effect and homogenize the electric field. The insulating layer 5 isolates the wire core from the metal shielding layer, preventing wire core discharge from breaking down the shielding layer 4. The insulating shielding layer 6 transitions between the insulating layer 5 and the metal shielding layer, eliminating air gap discharge and optimizing the electric field distribution. The shielding layer 4 is made of semi-conductive cross-linked polyethylene material, the insulating layer 5 is made of cross-linked polyethylene material, and the insulating shielding layer 6 is made of semi-conductive shielding material.

[0046] In one embodiment of this utility model, the cable further includes a protective coating, which is applied to the outer periphery of the main protective layer. Depending on environmental requirements, the protective coating on the surface of the sheath 15 can be of various types. For example, epoxy zinc-rich paint can be used as the protective coating to improve the cable's corrosion resistance; if the cable is installed above ground and in a region with high water and cold temperatures in winter, a nano-hydrophobic coating can be applied to the surface of the sheath 15 to reduce frost accumulation on the cable surface in low-temperature environments.

[0047] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A cable, characterized in that, It includes a conductor core, a first water-blocking tape, a shielding layer, an insulating layer, an insulation shielding layer, a second water-blocking tape, a metal shielding layer, a strengthening shielding layer, a third water-blocking tape, and a main protection layer, which are arranged in sequence from the inside out. Among them: The conductor core includes a first water-blocking yarn and multiple strands of single-wire conductors, and the first water-blocking yarn is filled in the gaps between the multiple strands of single-wire conductors; The first water-blocking tape is longitudinally wrapped around the conductor core, and the second water-blocking tape is wound around the insulation shielding layer; The metal shielding layer includes multiple copper wires and multiple strands of second water-blocking yarns. The copper wires are loosely wound around the second water-blocking tape, and the second water-blocking yarns are filled between adjacent copper wires; The strengthening shielding layer includes a soft copper tape, and the soft copper tape is wound around the metal shielding layer; The third water-blocking tape is wound around the soft copper tape.

2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main protection layer includes an isolation layer, and the isolation layer is extruded around the third water-blocking tape.

3. The cable according to claim 2, wherein The main protection layer further includes an armor layer and a fourth water-blocking tape. The fourth water-blocking tape is wound around the isolation layer. The armor layer includes multiple metal wires arranged in parallel, and the multiple metal wires are spirally wound around the fourth water-blocking tape.

4. The cable according to claim 3, wherein The main protection layer further includes a sheath, and the sheath is extruded around the armor layer.

5. The cable according to claim 4, wherein The material for making the sheath is medium-density polyethylene material.

6. The cable according to claim 3, characterized in that, The armor layer further includes a polypropylene embossed tape, and the polypropylene embossed tape is wound on the outer side of the metal wires.

7. The cable according to claim 3, wherein, The first water-blocking tape and the second water-blocking tape adopt semi-conductive water-blocking tapes, and the third water-blocking tape and the fourth water-blocking tape adopt insulating water-blocking tapes.

8. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The soft copper tape is spirally and spacedly wound around the metal shielding layer. Definition: The width of the soft copper tape is W, and the spacing between adjacent soft copper tapes is d; Then: d = (100% - 200%) × W.

9. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The shielding layer is extruded around the first water-blocking tape, the insulating layer is extruded around the shielding layer, the insulation shielding layer is extruded around the insulating layer, and the shielding layer, the insulating layer, and the insulation shielding layer are co-extruded and formed.

10. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The cable further includes a protective coating, and the protective coating is coated on the outer circumference of the main protection layer.

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