Photovoltaic-thermal devices utilizing liquid-encapsulated electronic components

Abstract

This utility model relates to a photovoltaic-thermal device utilizing liquid-encapsulated electronic components, comprising a photovoltaic cell surrounded by a dielectric liquid. The device has an expansion volume to accommodate compressible gas, accommodating thermal expansion and contraction. An airtight, moisture-proof edge sealant, a transparent front panel, and a back panel jointly encapsulate the device. A heat collector can be placed within the dielectric liquid to extract heat energy. An optional configuration includes liquid supply / discharge holes to achieve dielectric liquid circulation. An internal frame provides structural support for the photovoltaic cell and can be configured with cell disconnect points for easy disassembly of all individual components. This device can be configured in a passive heat extraction mode, conforming to photovoltaic device standards, and can improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency, achieve parallel electrothermal power generation, efficient heat extraction, a robust fire-resistant structure, and disassembly capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method of encapsulating electronic components within a photovoltaic device, the device including at least one photovoltaic cell and employing a dielectric liquid suspending the photovoltaic cell. In some configurations, a secondary liquid is used to actively extract heat from the device. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic (PV) devices are widely used for power generation. Their structure consists of a series of photovoltaic cells arranged between a transparent front panel and a back panel. These cells are interconnected by metal wires and encapsulated on both sides using an adhesive layer (usually ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA). This adhesive layer not only secures the photovoltaic cells to the robust transparent front panel (usually glass) but also acts as an encapsulation to protect the cells from environmental factors.

[0003] Solar thermal devices are typically used to generate heat, while the combination of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal technologies forms a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system. PVT systems can effectively extract heat from the system, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the PV component. This temperature reduction helps improve the overall power generation efficiency of the PV component.

[0004] Compared to traditional photovoltaic (PV) devices under the same conditions, PV-thermal (PV-thermal) devices not only provide usable low-temperature thermal energy but also increase power output. The manufacturing process of PV-thermal devices typically involves attaching a collector to the back of a standard PV module.

[0005] While existing technologies have proposed photovoltaic modules using edge sealants instead of traditional adhesive encapsulation layers, they primarily employ gas as the filler material (EP2647058A1, FR2862427A1). It is noteworthy that some early patents proposed solar devices using liquids to extract heat, but these schemes did not suspend photovoltaic elements in the liquid (NO20100113A1).

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies disclose methods for filling the internal space of photovoltaic devices with liquid during the manufacturing process (WO2018042136A1, US7244888B1). Other technologies demonstrate the use of liquid to surround photovoltaic cells in tubular devices (US4143233A), or the use of liquid to surround photovoltaic cells to focus incident light (AU2002259326A1).

[0007] Traditional adhesive layers (such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA) offer numerous advantages in encapsulating solar cells, guaranteeing a lifespan of 25-30 years. This encapsulation layer acts as a barrier, preventing moisture and oxygen intrusion and protecting electronic components from corrosion, thus maintaining electrical performance. Furthermore, EVA is a cost-effective lamination material. Despite the many advantages of traditional encapsulation methods, current technologies have not yet been optimized for the efficient transfer of heat from photovoltaic cells to the collector in photovoltaic-thermal systems. Utility Model Content

[0008] Using conventional adhesive layers to encapsulate electronic components in photovoltaic (PV) devices can cause several problems throughout their lifecycle.

[0009] The use of thermosetting adhesives such as EVA during manufacturing can lead to significant material waste. During lamination, air bubbles that become trapped within components cannot be expelled through remelting, impacting production efficiency and reducing the overall efficiency of the production line.

[0010] During the lifespan of photovoltaic modules, adhesive layer materials can cause three main problems:

[0011] First, EVA laminates are prone to discoloration due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This discoloration is caused by the formation of polyconjugated double bonds and the release of acetic acid and other volatile organic compounds. Reduced light transmittance of the encapsulation material weakens the power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules, accelerating their lifespan.

[0012] Secondly, in the event of a fire, the adhesive layer material may burn or smolder, exposing internal electronic components, particularly lightweight and fragile photovoltaic cells. Debris may be carried away by rising air currents and dispersed into the environment, causing pollution. For example, this debris could pose a threat to livestock, and ingestion could be harmful.

[0013] Third, the adhesive layer material typically has low thermal conductivity, which is detrimental to the effective dissipation of heat from the solar cells. In photovoltaic-thermal devices, this problem also reduces the efficiency of heat transfer to the collectors installed behind the photovoltaic modules.

[0014] During the decommissioning phase of photovoltaic modules, the adhesive layer material can cause the following problems:

[0015] First, for photovoltaic modules laminated with adhesive materials, it is virtually impossible to disassemble their internal electronic components without damaging sensitive photovoltaic parts. The current main approach is recycling, but material separation is energy-intensive and a complex process.

[0016] Secondly, if only some components are damaged, it is impossible to repair or replace the damaged components specifically because the device cannot be disassembled. Therefore, even if only some components fail, the entire assembly will be rendered unusable, resulting in a waste of resources.

[0017] To address the challenges posed by the adhesive layer encapsulation in traditional photovoltaic devices, this disclosure proposes an innovative solution that not only improves removability and recyclability but also achieves high energy efficiency by simultaneously generating electrical and usable heat. This solution effectively addresses the challenges faced during the manufacturing process, operation, and decommissioning of photovoltaic modules.

[0018] This disclosure proposes a significant reduction in the use of thermoplastic and thermosetting adhesive layer materials in photovoltaic devices to minimize material waste during manufacturing. By adopting this innovative approach, manufacturers can overcome the problem of residual air bubbles during lamination, thereby reducing waste and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, the use of edge sealing and liquid filling technologies further reduces manufacturing time and energy consumption, making the production process more sustainable and efficient.

[0019] To address the challenges of photovoltaic module operation, this disclosure introduces a liquid that is resistant to UV degradation or combustion. This effectively prevents discoloration and fire hazards, ensuring that the photovoltaic elements are encapsulated in a non-flammable and UV-stable liquid.

[0020] To facilitate the end-of-life disposal of laminated photovoltaic modules, the liquid disclosed herein does not adhere to the transparent front panel, back panel, photovoltaic elements, or other internal components. Therefore, at the end of the module's lifespan, the edge sealant can be cut, and electronic components can be disassembled or desoldered. This design allows all components to be individually separated, enabling efficient recycling and easy removal of the encapsulating liquid.

[0021] To address the issues associated with existing gas-filled edge-sealed photovoltaic modules, this disclosure proposes the use of a dielectric liquid to improve the optical and thermal continuity within the module. Unlike existing gas-filled solutions, this liquid reduces reflection issues caused by the difference in refractive index between the transparent front panel and the gas. Furthermore, the liquid's high thermal conductivity enables more efficient heat dissipation from the solar cells, thereby improving the temperature coefficient (ΔWp / °K).

[0022] In addition, as a dielectric liquid, this liquid can also act as an electrical insulator, preventing unnecessary leakage current from photovoltaic cells.

[0023] In summary, by filling the photovoltaic module with a dielectric liquid instead of a gas or traditional adhesive layer, this disclosure offers several advantages:

[0024] (i) By matching the refractive index of the liquid with that of the transparent front panel, the reflection is reduced to a level comparable to that of the laminated assembly;

[0025] (ii) Eliminate the lamination process, which consumes a lot of energy, from the production line;

[0026] (iii) Avoid discoloration of the encapsulation layer;

[0027] (iv) Reduce the flammability of components;

[0028] (v) Facilitates component disassembly, repair, refurbishment and recycling;

[0029] (vi) Improve the temperature coefficient through the convective cooling effect of liquid;

[0030] (vii) When heat is actively extracted, the component can operate at a lower operating temperature and use the extracted heat energy for low-temperature thermal energy.

[0031] Photovoltaic modules with edge sealing and dielectric fluid filling are constructed by placing photovoltaic elements between a front panel and a back panel and applying sealant to the edges to achieve a hermetically sealed enclosure. Liquid filling can be completed by injection after the edge sealing step or before the edge sealing is completed. After liquid injection, the device is completely sealed. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A top perspective cross-sectional view showing the solar collector assembly is shown.

[0033] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the device is shown, revealing key features of the invention and highlighting the main liquid volume and its associated components. The cross-section is cut through the middle of the device, showing both ends. A close-up view is also provided to provide a deeper understanding of the area surrounded by the dielectric liquid. In this image, the photovoltaic cell 1 is arranged on the front side of the device, below the transparent front panel 4, to receive solar energy. A back panel 5 is located at the rear of the device, which can be transparent or opaque. An airtight, moisture-proof edge sealant 6 is provided around the edge of the device to ensure complete isolation of the internal volume from the external atmosphere. This seal prevents the exchange of gases and water vapor between the inside and outside of the device for 1000 hours at 85°C and 85% relative humidity. The edge sealant can be composed of silicone 6.1, butyl rubber 6.2, and edge spacers 7 containing desiccant. Alternatively, other types of airtight edge sealants can be used, including sealing structures formed by bonding the front and back panel frames.

[0034] The volume between the front and back panels contains the main dielectric liquid 2, which is the core of this invention. This dielectric liquid surrounds both sides of the photovoltaic cell. Additionally, the dielectric liquid may also be present in other parts of the device, such as the area near the back glass. A solar collector 8, an optional component, is also shown in the figure for actively extracting heat from the device.

[0035] Figure 2 An exploded view of an apparatus containing a solar collector is shown.

[0036] Figure 2 The exploded view of the display device includes the configuration of the solar collector and provides close-up views to show the function and location of this component in detail. This view enhances the understanding of the solar collector and demonstrates its arrangement within the device. As previously stated, the solar collector is not an essential component of this invention but can be added to further assist in extracting heat from the battery and generating usable thermal energy. Figure 3 and Figure 7 The configuration of the unit excluding the solar collector is shown.

[0037] The solar collector in this figure consists of collecting fins 8.1 and collecting tubes 8.2. As part of the collector, these tubes may contain a secondary liquid, or they may actively extract heat using gas circulation or electrothermal treatment. Furthermore, this heat extraction device can be connected to an external heat extraction circuit. In this example, the collecting fins are designed to guide heat into the tubes. It is worth noting that this invention is also applicable to other types and configurations of solar collectors, and the versatility of the device allows for flexible integration of the collecting components.

[0038] Figure 3 A perspective view of an apparatus that does not include a collector but includes a liquid supply port is shown.

[0039] Figure 3 A perspective view of the assembled device is shown, excluding the collector components. In this configuration, the dielectric fluid circulates directly into the device via liquid supply 9. This detailed view highlights the liquid supply orifice and demonstrates its potential for connection to an external heat extraction circuit. Figure 4 The liquid discharge port 10 is described in further detail. These ports can be used to inject or extract liquid into the device and can be arranged at any edge of the device, including edge sealant, back panel, and transparent front panel.

[0040] Figure 4 A top view of the device is shown, excluding the collector but including the liquid supply and discharge ports.

[0041] Figure 4 The top view of the entire device is shown, with the side typically facing the sun to capture sunlight. This device configuration does not include collector components but includes liquid supply and drainage ports 10. The illustrated example device includes 120 photovoltaic cells, but this invention is equally applicable to different types and numbers of solar cell configurations. Furthermore, the figure provides a complete device view excluding the collector but including the liquid supply and drainage ports. Figure 9 The configuration including the solar collector is shown, while Figure 10 The configuration shown does not include a collector, liquid supply port, or liquid discharge port.

[0042] Figure 5 A front view of a device with holes for filling dielectric liquid with edge sealant is shown.

[0043] Figure 5 A front view of the device is shown, highlighting the structure of the edge sealing section. This configuration does not include a collector, liquid supply port, or liquid discharge port. Regardless of whether a collector is included, the dielectric fluid needs to be injected into the device during manufacturing. This process can be performed after the edge sealing is complete, for example, through hole 11 in the edge sealant, or through… Figure 6 The backplate hole 12 is shown in the figure. Alternatively, the liquid filling process can be completed before edge sealing, but this method is not shown in this figure. Figure 5 The holes 11 on the edge seal are shown in detail. These holes can be used to inject dielectric fluid into the device before sealing.

[0044] Figure 6 An exploded view of a device including a hole for filling a dielectric liquid through a backplate is shown.

[0045] Figure 6 An exploded view of the device is shown, its configuration excluding the collector, liquid supply port, and liquid discharge port. Similar to... Figure 5 This configuration requires the injection of dielectric liquid into the device during the manufacturing process. Figure 6 The key feature demonstrates how the filling is done through the holes in the back panel, similar to the holes in the edge sealant, which are then hermetically sealed after filling.

[0046] Figure 7 An exploded view is shown, highlighting the internal frame that holds the battery in place.

[0047] Figure 7 The internal frame 13 is shown in detail; this is the component inside the device used to secure the photovoltaic cells, which is particularly important in configurations where cell securing technology is not used. This frame allows the dielectric liquid to surround the cells. Furthermore, as... Figure 7 As shown in the second part, in the relevant configuration, the internal frame 13 can also be used to fix the solar collector.

[0048] Figure 8 A detailed view of the battery interconnects, including the battery disconnection points, is shown.

[0049] To facilitate disassembly, the device may include a battery disconnect point 14 that can be easily disconnected, making it easier to remove and replace individual photovoltaic cells. Figure 8 The disconnection points of this type of battery are shown in detail.

[0050] Figure 9 A bottom view of the device containing the solar collector is shown.

[0051] Figure 9 The figure shows a bottom view of the entire unit (typically the side facing away from the sun), which includes the collector assembly 8 and liquid supply / extraction pipes 9 / 10. These pipes can be used to transport secondary liquids. Additionally, the figure shows the complete unit, including the collector and the wiring and junction box 15 for transmitting electrical energy.

[0052] Figure 10 Showing a rear view of the device excluding the collector and liquid supply / drainage port.

[0053] Figure 10 The rear view of the entire device is shown. In this configuration, no heat is actively extracted from the device; the dielectric liquid is only used to adjust the refractive index of the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell, making it closer to glass, and achieving passive cooling through its superior thermal conductivity compared to gases or polymer-based materials. It is worth noting that in this configuration, the device is not a photovoltaic-thermal device, but only a photovoltaic device. However, the core of this invention—using a dielectric liquid as the medium to cover all surfaces of the photovoltaic cell—remains applicable in this configuration. An expansion volume 3 is also provided between the transparent front panel and the back panel, containing a certain volume of compressible gas and / or liquid, with a capacity at least sufficient to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction of the dielectric liquid under thermal fluctuations from -45°C to 85°C. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The features and advantages of certain embodiments of this utility model, as well as the ways in which these features and advantages are realized, will become more readily understood after the following detailed description of this utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred and exemplary embodiments, but are not necessarily drawn to scale, wherein:

[0055] Figure Labels

[0056] 1. Photovoltaic cells

[0057] 2. Dielectric liquid

[0058] 3. Expansion volume

[0059] 4. Transparent front panel

[0060] 5. Back panel

[0061] 6. Airtight and moisture-proof edge sealant

[0062] 6.1 Silicone Main Sealant

[0063] 6.2 Butyl Rubber Secondary Sealant

[0064] 7. Edge spacers containing desiccant

[0065] 8. Solar collector

[0066] 8.1 Heat fins

[0067] 8.2 Heat collector tube

[0068] 9. Liquid supply port

[0069] 10. Liquid drain hole

[0070] 11. Liquid-filled orifice (edge ​​seal)

[0071] 12. Liquid-filled orifice (backplate)

[0072] 13. Internal Framework

[0073] 14. Battery disconnection point

[0074] 15. Wires and junction boxes

[0075] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that various obvious changes, substitutions and variations can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0076] I. Using dielectric liquid as the medium surrounding photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic-thermal devices

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device employs a unique liquid-based configuration design, improving system performance and detachability. This embodiment incorporates several key elements that collectively contribute to the efficiency and durability of the device.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, the core of this embodiment is the use of a dielectric liquid 2 surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1. This dielectric liquid has a dual function: it serves as a medium for optimizing light transmission from the transparent front sheet to the photovoltaic cell 1, and it also contributes to the overall thermal management of the device. The dielectric liquid 2 can include, but is not limited to, water, ethylene glycol, glycerin, oil, or alcohol of various compositions, and its viscosity at atmospheric pressure can range from 0.2 to 20000 mPa within a temperature range of -45°C to 85°C. Between s.

[0079] The term "photovoltaic cell" refers to any semiconductor device that uses the photovoltaic effect to convert incident sunlight into electrical energy.

[0080] like Figure 10As shown, the device includes an expansion volume 3 to accommodate the thermal expansion and contraction of the dielectric liquid due to temperature fluctuations. This expansion volume is located within the internal volume of the device, or connected to any inlet or outlet port present in the device, and contains a compressible gas and / or fluid large enough to accommodate the thermal expansion and contraction of the dielectric liquid caused by temperature fluctuations between -45°C and 85°C. In the event of thermal expansion of the dielectric liquid, the compressible gas and / or fluid in the expansion volume will be compressed, thereby preventing accidental damage to the edge seals, transparent front panel, or back panel due to excessive pressure buildup within the device.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, to maintain the integrity of the internal components and dielectric fluid 2, the device employs an airtight, moisture-proof edge sealant 6. This sealant encapsulates the entire perimeter of the device, preventing the ingress of external components, preventing leakage of internal components, and maintaining a sealed environment for the dielectric fluid. This edge seal can be achieved through a combination of sealing and degassing materials. Alternatively, the seal can also be achieved at the edges of the transparent front and back plates of the fusion device.

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, the front of the device is covered by a transparent front panel 4, and the back is covered by a back panel 5, commonly referred to as the front panel and back panel, respectively. The front panel allows sunlight to reach the photovoltaic cells 1, while the back panel provides structural support and protection. The transparency of the front panel ensures that the photovoltaic cells receive optimal sunlight, thereby promoting power generation. Furthermore, in some configurations, both the back panel and the cell support can be transparent, allowing light to also penetrate from the bottom of the device to the photovoltaic cells.

[0083] This embodiment represents a novel photovoltaic-thermal device design method that utilizes the unique properties of the liquid medium 1 to improve the electrical efficiency and thermal management of the photovoltaic-thermal device. The combination of the expansion volume 3, the airtight and moisture-proof edge sealant 6, the transparent front panel 4, and the back panel 5 further enhances the robustness and adaptability of the device under various operating conditions.

[0084] In order to adapt to different production processes, Figure 5 The option of allowing access to the dielectric fluid inlet via holes in edge seal 11 during the production process is highlighted. These holes are sealed once the dielectric fluid has been injected, after the filling process is complete. Figure 6 Another configuration was also shown, in which liquid can enter through holes in the backplate 12 during production. These holes are sealed in a similar manner during manufacturing to ensure the integrity of the equipment throughout its service life.

[0085] II. Solar collectors that are in the same liquid medium as photovoltaic cells

[0086] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) device is equipped with an innovative feature—an integrated collector 8, which is located in the same liquid medium as the photovoltaic cell 1 (see...). Figure 1 This design seamlessly integrates photovoltaic and thermal technologies, providing a multifunctional solution that can both generate electricity and extract heat.

[0087] Here, a heat collector refers to any component located inside a device designed to actively extract heat energy from the device. In this illustration, a finned tube heat exchanger is used; the metal fins increase the surface area available for heat collection, while the tubes circulate the secondary fluid within the device to extract and transfer heat energy. Other possible types of heat collectors include: tubular systems that circulate the secondary liquid within the device using only tubes; plate heat exchangers that use multiple layers of plates to facilitate heat exchange between the primary and secondary liquids, with these plates fixed together to form multiple flow channels for secondary liquid flow; phase change systems that utilize the phase change properties of the liquid to dissipate heat; and thermoelectric generators that extract heat from the primary liquid using the thermoelectric effect. It is noteworthy that the secondary liquid can be connected to an external heat exchange system, which may include other types of heat exchangers.

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the collector 8 is located within the dielectric liquid 2, ensuring direct contact with the surrounding liquid. Since the main liquid 2 forms the medium between the photovoltaic cell 1 and the collector 8, this arrangement maximizes the heat transfer efficiency from the photovoltaic cell 1 to the collector 8, utilizing the main liquid as the heat transfer medium. Note that... Figure 1 and Figure 7 The internal frame 13 acts as a physical barrier, separating the photovoltaic cell 1 from the collector 8, which in practice would hinder efficient heat transfer. However, this invention is applicable to any internal assembly that secures the photovoltaic cell. Therefore, the internal frame 13 can be designed in such a way that heat energy can be conducted more directly from the photovoltaic cell 1 to the collector 8 via the main liquid, through the material of the internal frame 13, or by designing openings in the internal frame 13 to allow the main liquid to be directly between the photovoltaic cell 1 and the collector 8.

[0089] The solar collector, located in the same liquid medium as photovoltaic cell 1, can operate in conjunction with the system to improve the overall performance of the device. When sunlight shines on photovoltaic cell 1, it generates electricity; simultaneously, excess heat is absorbed by the surrounding liquid. Figure 2 and Figure 9As shown, the collector effectively extracts this heat through, for example, collector fins 8.1 and transfers it to an external device through collector tubes 8.2, thereby preventing the photovoltaic cell 1 from overheating and contributing to the overall thermal management of the device. As previously mentioned, other types of collectors can also extract thermal energy from the main liquid.

[0090] This structure improves the overall energy output of the device, utilizing not only the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cells 1, but also the thermal energy captured by the collector 8. In summary, the dual function of the liquid medium ensures a comprehensive and sustainable energy production process.

[0091] III. Liquid discharge and supply orifices for circulating dielectric liquids

[0092] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment introduces a liquid circulation system comprising specific orifices for extracting and introducing a dielectric liquid within the photovoltaic-thermal device. In this configuration, the liquid flows directly through the photovoltaic cells to extract heat without the need for a collector 8.

[0093] In this configuration, the dielectric liquid 2 circulates within the device, achieving both photovoltaic and thermal energy functions. Figure 3 The integrated layout of the liquid supply orifices 9 is shown, which are strategically placed to allow for the controlled introduction of dielectric liquid into the device. Figure 4 The presence of liquid drain ports 10 is further illustrated; these ports are used for the controlled discharge of dielectric liquid from the device. These ports can be connected to external heat exchange circuits, thereby enabling active control of the device's thermal management.

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, the integration of liquid supply and discharge ports is an optional element in this embodiment. The introduction of a liquid circulation system enhances the control and adaptability of fluid flow, which helps to improve the overall efficiency and sustainability of the device.

[0095] IV. Battery bracket and battery disconnection point

[0096] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment introduces a special battery frame mechanism inside the photovoltaic or photovoltaic-thermal device to provide structural support for the photovoltaic cell 1 and integrates a battery disconnection point 14 that can be easily disconnected.

[0097] Figure 7 The internal frame 13 of the device is shown. The internal frame 13 securely holds the photovoltaic cell 1 while allowing the dielectric liquid 2 to surround the photovoltaic cell. This configuration ensures the structural integrity of the device and guarantees the stable positioning of the photovoltaic cell 1 during efficient energy generation.

[0098] The internal frame 13 is designed for situations where the photovoltaic cell 1 is not fixed using conventional laminated materials. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the internal frame 13 improves the stability of the photovoltaic cell 1 and prevents it from moving or shifting unexpectedly inside the device.

[0099] exist Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this design, the inner frame 13 is positioned beneath the entire area where the photovoltaic cell 1 is located, in the form of a continuous sheet-like structure. However, it is important to note that in this invention, the inner frame refers to any structure used to secure the photovoltaic cell 1 while still allowing the dielectric liquid 2 to directly contact the photovoltaic cell 1. Besides mechanical fixation, the inner frame 13 can also secure the photovoltaic cell 1 by adhesive or welding, for example, where the inner frame 13 incorporates electrical contacts.

[0100] For ease of disassembly, maintenance or replacement Figure 8 Specific battery disconnect points 14 are highlighted. These disconnect points are placed in areas that facilitate easy disconnection of the individual photovoltaic cells 1. Here, "disconnection" refers to desoldering, cutting, or any other way of breaking the electrical connection. In the example, the wire between the upper left photovoltaic cell and the adjacent cell serves as a disconnect point, and is soldered in a manner that facilitates desoldering. However, in other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells may be directly soldered to the printed circuit board or directly connected via interconnecting wires. Therefore, this invention relates to the design of the connection method of the photovoltaic cell 1, enabling disconnection without compromising the integrity of the photovoltaic cell or surrounding components.

[0101] Figure 7 and Figure 1 The adaptability of the internal frame 13 is demonstrated, showing that it can be used not only to mount the photovoltaic cells 1, but also in conjunction with the solar collector 8. This versatile design ensures that the internal frame contributes to the overall stability and functionality of the device, regardless of the specific configuration.

[0102] The device enables targeted disassembly by providing a battery disconnect point 14. The ability to disconnect individual cells greatly simplifies the overall operation process when only a specific photovoltaic cell 1 or a small number of photovoltaic cells 1 need to be replaced or maintained.

[0103] V. As a liquid medium surrounding photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic device.

[0104] like Figure 10As shown, a possible final configuration of the device is that the photovoltaic cell 1 is suspended in the dielectric liquid 2, without including the collector 8, liquid supply port 9, or liquid discharge port 10. In this configuration, the dielectric liquid is used only to enhance the performance advantages and removability of the device, without adding the additional complexity involved in photovoltaic-thermal equipment. It should be noted that, under this configuration, the device is classified as a photovoltaic device, not a photovoltaic-thermal device, because it does not actively extract heat from the device for further utilization.

[0105] In order to adapt to different manufacturing processes Figure 5 This highlights the option of filling the orifices on the edge seal 11 with dielectric fluid during the manufacturing process. These orifices will be sealed after filling to ensure the integrity of the device. Figure 6 An alternative configuration was further demonstrated, in which liquid is filled during manufacturing through orifices on the backplate 12. These orifices are sealed in a similar manner to ensure the overall integrity of the device.

[0106] It is worth noting that the orifices used for filling the liquid during the manufacturing process can be located anywhere around the device, including the back plate, edge seals, and transparent front plate, and any number of filling orifices can be used during the manufacturing process.

[0107] Alternatively, manufacturers may choose not to use orifice-filling dielectric fluid during manufacturing, but instead fill the device with dielectric fluid before installing the final edge seal, transparent front panel, or back panel, and then seal the device.

[0108] The specific combination of advantageous features is as follows:

[0109] 1.1 A photovoltaic-thermal device, wherein a dielectric liquid 2 surrounds a photovoltaic cell 1 as a medium, thereby improving electrical efficiency and conducting heat away from the device. Figure 1 ).

[0110] 1.2 A photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 1.1) includes a collector 8, which is placed in the same liquid medium as the photovoltaic cell 1 to actively extract heat from the photovoltaic cell 1. Figure 2 ).

[0111] 1.3 A photovoltaic-thermal device (assembly 1.1) includes an expansion volume 3 located within the space between a transparent front panel 4, a back panel 5, and an airtight moisture-proof edge sealant 6. Figure 10 ).

[0112] 1.4 A photovoltaic-thermal device (assembly 1.1) includes a liquid supply port 9 and a liquid discharge port 10 for circulating a dielectric liquid within the device. Figure 3 , Figure 4 ).

[0113] 1.5 A photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 1.1), wherein during manufacturing, liquid filling holes are provided at the edge seal 11 and / or the back plate 12 and / or any location around the device. Figure 5 , Figure 6 ).

[0114] 1.6 A photovoltaic-thermal device (assembly 1.1) includes an internal frame 13 for fixing photovoltaic cells 1 ( Figure 7 ).

[0115] The following are some of the more advantageous feature combinations:

[0116] 2.1 A photovoltaic device in which a dielectric liquid 2 surrounds a photovoltaic cell 1 as a medium to improve electrical efficiency.

[0117] 2.2 A photovoltaic device (assembly 2.1) includes a collector 8 placed in the same liquid medium as the photovoltaic cell 1 to extract heat from the photovoltaic cell 1. It is noteworthy that in this assembly, the extracted heat is not used in the external heat loop of the device.

[0118] 2.3 A photovoltaic device (assembly 2.1) includes an expansion volume 3 located within the space between a transparent front panel 4, a back panel 5, and an airtight moisture-proof edge sealant 6. Figure 10 ).

[0119] 2.4 A photovoltaic device (combination 2.1) wherein, during manufacturing, liquid-filled holes are provided at the edge seal 11 and / or the backplate 12 and / or any location around the device. Figure 5 , Figure 6 ).

[0120] 2.5 A photovoltaic device (assembly 2.1) including an internal frame 13 for fixing photovoltaic cells 1 ( Figure 7 ).

[0121] In addition, the following are some other advantageous feature combinations:

[0122] 3.1 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device that does not contain adhesive laminates and in which all individual components are detachable.

[0123] 3.2 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) in which a liquid surrounds the photovoltaic cell 1 as a medium to achieve optimal energy efficiency, and which can be easily separated from other components by disassembling the device and draining the liquid. Figure 1 ).

[0124] 3.3 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) comprising an airtight, moisture-proof edge sealant 6, which can be mechanically or chemically separated from the desiccant-containing edge spacer 7, the transparent front panel 4, and the back panel 5. Figure 1 ).

[0125] 3.4 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1), wherein photovoltaic cells 1 are mounted within the device via an internal frame 13 and a cell disconnection point 14, so that photovoltaic cells 1 can be individually disconnected and separated. Figure 8 ).

[0126] 3.5 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) wherein the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1 does not require high-energy assembly during manufacturing.

[0127] 3.6 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) wherein the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1 will not discolor due to ultraviolet radiation during its service life.

[0128] 3.7 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) wherein the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1 is non-flammable.

[0129] 3.8 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1) wherein the refractive index of the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1 can be adjusted by changing its chemical composition.

[0130] 3.9 A photovoltaic / photovoltaic-thermal device (combination 3.1), wherein the medium surrounding the photovoltaic cell 1 can effectively conduct heat away from the photovoltaic cell 1. Figure 1 ).

[0131] In addition, there are more advantageous feature combinations as follows:

[0132] 4.1 A photovoltaic-thermal device, wherein a collector 8 is placed in the space between a transparent front panel 4 and a back panel 5. Figure 2 ).

[0133] 4.2 A collector design (combination 4.1) that allows active heat extraction from inside the photovoltaic-thermal device via circulating secondary liquid to the collector tube 8.2. Figure 2 ).

[0134] 4.3 A collector design (combination 4.1) that allows for the active extraction of heat from within a photovoltaic-thermal device by utilizing the thermal conductivity of the material comprising the collector (e.g., flat plates or collector fins 8.1). Figure 2 ).

[0135] 4.4 A collector design (combination 4.1) that allows for the active extraction of heat from inside a photovoltaic-thermal device via a phase change material.

[0136] 4.5 A collector design (combined with 4.1) that allows for the active extraction of heat from within a photovoltaic-thermal device using the thermoelectric effect.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal device utilizing liquid-encapsulated electronic components, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell (1) positioned to generate electricity using incident sunlight; and a dielectric liquid (2) serving as a medium and at least partially surrounding the photovoltaic cell (1), wherein the dielectric liquid (2) comprises a substance that is liquid at atmospheric pressure within a temperature range of -45°C to 85°C and has a viscosity of 0.2 to 20.000 mPa within the same temperature range. Between s; an expansion volume (3) containing compressible gas and / or liquid, located within the device to accommodate any thermal expansion and / or contraction of the dielectric liquid (2) due to temperature changes within the device's operating temperature range; an airtight moisture-proof edge sealant (6) that encapsulates at least part of the device's periphery, preventing moisture and gas from penetrating the device from the outside under conditions of 85°C and 85% relative humidity for more than 1000 hours; a transparent front panel (4) and a back panel (5) that encapsulate the front and back of the device, respectively, with the transparent front panel (4) allowing light to reach the photovoltaic cell (1) to generate electricity.

2. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A collector (8) is placed in the dielectric liquid (2), wherein the collector (8) is a component that utilizes thermal conduction, secondary liquid flow, phase change or thermoelectric effect or a combination of the above effects to extract and transfer thermal energy from the dielectric liquid (2) and remove the thermal energy from the photovoltaic-thermal device.

3. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric liquid (2) circulates in the thermal loop inside and outside the device through the liquid supply hole (9) and liquid discharge hole (10) provided around the photovoltaic-thermal device, thereby promoting the extraction of thermal energy from the photovoltaic cell (1).

4. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises an internal frame (13) adapted to provide a high degree of structural support for the photovoltaic cell (1), allowing the photovoltaic cell (1) to be installed in place without the use of a large amount of adhesive material, while still allowing the dielectric liquid (2) to completely or partially surround the photovoltaic cell (1).

5. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises an internal frame (13) with integrated electrical contacts, wherein the internal frame (13) provides structural support for the photovoltaic cells (1) and enables electrical interconnection of the photovoltaic cells, wherein the photovoltaic cells (1) are mounted on the internal frame (13) by welding points.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 4, wherein the internal frame (13) includes a battery disconnect point (14) for disconnecting the connection of the individual photovoltaic cell (1) by cutting the welding strip or removing the welding strip, so as to facilitate disassembly, maintenance and / or replacement of individual components.

7. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 5, wherein the internal frame (13) includes a battery disconnect point (14) for disconnecting the connection of a single photovoltaic cell (1) by cutting the welding strip or removing the welding strip, so as to facilitate disassembly, maintenance and / or replacement of individual components.

8. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric liquid (2) can be filled into the device through holes (11) on the edge seal during the manufacturing process, and these holes are sealed after the filling process is completed.

9. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric liquid (2) can be filled into the device through holes (12) on the back plate during the manufacturing process, and these holes are sealed after the filling process is completed.

10. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, configured such that: heat is not actively extracted from the device, and the dielectric liquid (2) serves as a medium to passively transfer thermal energy from the photovoltaic cell (1) to other parts of the device and then to the surrounding environment. In this configuration, the device is a photovoltaic device, not a photothermal conversion device.

11. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the dielectric liquid (2) can be modified during the manufacturing process to adjust the refractive index, thereby optimizing the light transmission to the photovoltaic cell (1).

12. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the airtight and moisture-proof edge sealant (6) comprises a combination of materials for sealing the device, the materials being located between the transparent front panel (4) and the back panel (5) of the device.

13. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 1, wherein the transparent front panel (4) and the back panel (5) of the device are fused together at the edges.

14. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 2, wherein the collector (8) is a tubular system in which only tubes are used to circulate the secondary liquid in the device, without the use of fins.

15. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 2, wherein the collector (8) is a plate heat exchanger that uses only multiple layers of plates to facilitate heat exchange between the dielectric liquid and the secondary liquid, wherein the plates are interconnected to form a series of channels for the flow of the secondary liquid.

16. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 2, wherein the collector (8) is a phase change system that uses the phase change properties of the material to dissipate heat.

17. The photovoltaic-thermal device according to claim 2, wherein the collector (8) is a thermoelectric generator, wherein the thermoelectric effect is used to extract heat from the dielectric liquid in the dielectric liquid (2).

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