Electrostatic precipitator

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric dust collector, is arranged with pre -electrification area, electric field dust removal area, flow guide dust suppression area and shutdown and shakes the area in electric dust collector, and pre -electrification area is located in the import department, and electric field dust removal area is located in the casing, and shutdown and shakes the area and is located electric field dust removal area's downstream side, flow guide dust suppression area includes vertical dust suppression dust collection device, and vertical dust suppression dust collection device and electric field dust removal area are located downstream end's anode plate one -to -one corresponding setting, and with anode plate close the end part fixed connection of export department. Such setting, can effectively solve the problem of high concentration dust in the front stage electric field front area charge insufficient, falling ash secondary dust, electric field shakes secondary dust, ash hopper in the dust flow disturbance secondary dust, the last stage electric field shakes the problem of paroxysmal dust that causes, and can reasonable control electric dust collector overall energy consumption, can be widely applied in the scene of the present service electric dust collector that cannot expand capacity and improve efficiency due to the limitation of site conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust removal equipment technology, and specifically to an electrostatic precipitator. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent environmental emission standards, the requirements for smoke and dust emissions are becoming more and more stringent. Currently, existing electrostatic precipitators face the dual pressures of environmental protection and carbon reduction, necessitating technological upgrades to improve efficiency and energy conservation.

[0003] The efficiency improvement and retrofitting of existing electrostatic precipitators mainly adopts several different technical approaches:

[0004] One approach is the conventional capacity expansion and efficiency improvement scheme, which mainly involves modifying the electrodes by increasing their height and adding an electric field (i.e., lengthening and heightening the equipment). While this approach theoretically meets low-emission requirements by increasing the dust collection area, its feasibility is limited by the site conditions of existing electrostatic precipitators. Furthermore, even if site conditions are available for capacity expansion and efficiency improvement, there are numerous problems such as high investment, large land area requirements, and high operating and maintenance costs.

[0005] Another approach is to combine power supply modification with a small-zone solution, such as, but not limited to, converting conventional power frequency power supplies to high-frequency, pulse, or other high-efficiency power supplies, or adjusting the large-zone power supply of the cathode system to a small-zone power supply mode. In practical applications, this can improve the stability of equipment operation to a certain extent. However, the small-zone power supply method does not essentially increase the dust collection area, making it difficult to achieve the expected efficiency improvement.

[0006] Another approach involves innovative measures such as the use of new technologies, processes, and materials. Examples include, but are not limited to, adding conductive filters at the tail end of the electric field, employing runoff dry electrical technology, and multi-field coupling depth enhancement technology. The underlying principle of these new technologies is to utilize the small pores of the mesh or foam metal to intercept dust, falling under the category of physical interception. While this provides some efficiency improvement in the initial stages of equipment operation, as operating time continues, the mesh or foam metal becomes clogged, causing a sharp increase in equipment resistance and a dramatic rise in operating and maintenance costs.

[0007] In view of this, there is an urgent need to optimize the design of existing electrostatic precipitators in order to effectively improve dust collection efficiency and achieve energy saving. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides an electrostatic precipitator that effectively improves dust collection efficiency through structural optimization, providing a sound technical guarantee for improving efficiency and saving energy.

[0009] This utility model provides an electrostatic precipitator, which includes a shell and an inlet and an outlet respectively communicating with the shell. The electrostatic precipitator is arranged with a pre-charging zone, an electric field dust removal zone, a flow guiding and dust suppression zone, and a shut-off rapping zone. A dust hopper communicating with the inner cavity of the shell is provided below the electric field dust removal zone. The pre-charging zone is located in the inlet, the electric field dust removal zone is located in the shell, and the shut-off rapping zone is located downstream of the electric field dust removal zone. The flow guiding and dust suppression zone includes a vertical dust suppression and collection device, which is arranged one-to-one with the anode plate at the downstream end of the electric field dust removal zone and is fixedly connected to the end of the anode plate near the outlet.

[0010] Optionally, the height of the vertical dust suppression and collection device is the same as the height of the corresponding anode plate.

[0011] Optionally, the vertical dust suppression and collection device is an arc-shaped plate protruding towards the outlet side, or the vertical dust suppression and collection device is a flat plate.

[0012] Optionally, the vertical dust suppression and collection device is fixedly connected to the dustproof hook of the corresponding anode plate near the outlet.

[0013] Optionally, the pre-charged zone includes multiple condensing airflow distribution plates disposed within the inlet section. The multiple condensing airflow distribution plates are spaced apart along the airflow direction. The condensing airflow distribution plates are corrugated plates, and multiple through holes are formed on the sloping surface between the crests and troughs of the corrugated plates. Electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment devices are respectively disposed before and after the condensing airflow distribution plates.

[0014] Optionally, the dust suppression zone further includes multiple pre-drainage dust suppression devices, each corresponding to a condensing airflow distribution plate. Each pre-drainage dust suppression device includes multiple spaced comb teeth, with its top connected to the corresponding condensing airflow distribution plate and its bottom connected to the bottom plate of the inlet.

[0015] Optionally, the comb teeth of two adjacent pre-guided dust suppression devices are arranged in an alternating manner in the airflow direction.

[0016] Optionally, the dust suppression zone further includes a streamlined dust suppression device, which is disposed on the top of the ash hopper surface. The streamlined dust suppression device is a downwardly concave arc-shaped perforated plate, with one end of the arc-shaped perforated plate near the middle of the ash hopper and the other end of the arc-shaped perforated plate away from the middle of the ash hopper.

[0017] Optionally, the streamlined flow guiding and dust suppression device corresponding to the front electric field of the electric field dust removal zone is an arc-shaped perforated plate with elliptical holes and an opening ratio of 30% to 60%; the streamlined flow guiding and dust suppression device corresponding to the middle electric field and the final electric field of the electric field dust removal zone is an arc-shaped perforated plate with circular holes and an opening ratio of 30% to 50%.

[0018] Optionally, the electric field dust removal zone includes a first electric field dust removal zone, a second electric field dust removal zone, and a third electric field dust removal zone arranged sequentially along the airflow direction; the first electric field dust removal zone includes a first cathode wire adapted to the anode plate, the first cathode wire including a first electrode body and a support rod, the first electrode body being disposed on the support rod of the first cathode wire, and the protruding end of the first electrode body having a forked structure to form two needles opposite to the corresponding anode plate; the second electric field dust removal zone includes a second cathode wire adapted to the anode plate, the second cathode wire including a second electrode body and a support rod, the second electrode body being disposed on the support rod of the second cathode wire, and the protruding end of the second electrode body being needle-shaped; the third electric field dust removal zone includes a third cathode wire adapted to the anode plate, the third cathode wire including a third electrode body and a support rod, the third electrode body being disposed on the support rod of the third cathode wire, and the protruding end of the third electrode body being spherical.

[0019] Optionally, the shut-off rapping zone includes a shut-off rapping device disposed on the downstream side of the electric field dust removal zone. The shut-off rapping device includes a movable flow-blocking valve plate and a fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate. The movable flow-blocking valve plate has a plurality of first through holes, and the fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate has a plurality of second through holes. The first through holes and the second through holes correspond one-to-one. In the flow state, the two overlap, and in the blocking state, the two are misaligned.

[0020] Optionally, the insulator in the electric field dust removal zone is equipped with a vacuum heat pipe, the evaporation end of which is located inside the shell, and the condensation end which is adapted to exchange heat with the insulator.

[0021] Optionally, the inner wall of the ash hopper has a nano-non-stick coating.

[0022] Optionally, the electrostatic precipitator further includes a high-pressure zone and a low-pressure zone, wherein the low-pressure zone is located above and / or below the housing, and the high-pressure zone is located above the housing.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving electrostatic precipitator based on new technologies and processes. The electrostatic precipitator is arranged with a pre-charging zone, an electric field dust removal zone, a flow guiding and dust suppression zone, and a shut-off rapping zone. A dust hopper communicating with the inner cavity of the shell is set below the electric field dust removal zone. The pre-charging zone is located in the inlet, the electric field dust removal zone is located in the shell, and the shut-off rapping zone is located downstream of the electric field dust removal zone. The flow guiding and dust suppression zone includes a vertical dust suppression and collection device, which is arranged one-to-one with the downstream anode plate of the electric field dust removal zone and is fixedly connected to the end of the anode plate near the outlet. This configuration, based on the pre-charging zone, solves the problem of insufficient charging of high-concentration dust in the front area of ​​the front electrode electric field, a problem present in existing electrostatic precipitators. In the pre-charging zone, dust is pre-charged before entering the electric field space, achieving pre-dust collection and improving the dust collection capacity of the first to third anode plates in the front electrode electric field. Simultaneously, based on the shut-off rapping zone located downstream of the electric field dust collection zone, the flue gas in the rapping channel is completely isolated, achieving zero rapping wind speed, and enabling the escaped dust to be re-charged and re-collected within a set time, completely eliminating... The electrostatic precipitator experiences intermittent secondary dust emission. Furthermore, the vertical dust suppression and collection device is installed one-to-one with the downstream anode plates of the electrostatic precipitator zone, and is fixedly connected to the end of the anode plate near the outlet. This effectively reduces the wind speed near the anode plate surface, causing the low-speed zone on the anode plate surface to move towards the cathode line. This effectively prevents the high-speed wind from stripping away the collected dust and prevents secondary dust emission caused by high-speed rapping during the rapping process. This effectively improves the dust collection efficiency of each level of the electrostatic precipitator, providing a good technical guarantee for efficiency improvement and energy saving.

[0024] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the pre-charged zone includes multiple condensing airflow distribution plates disposed within the inlet. A pre-positioned dust suppression device is fixedly installed at the bottom of each condensing airflow distribution plate. This pre-positioned dust suppression device includes multiple spaced comb teeth, which effectively reduce the flue gas velocity at the bottom of the distribution plate, suppressing secondary dust generation from the first electric field and secondary disturbance dust generation from ash stored in the ash hopper. Furthermore, the comb teeth of two adjacent pre-positioned dust suppression devices are arranged in an alternating pattern in the airflow direction. This not only reserves necessary ash conveying channels but also acts as a flow obstruction mechanism. The combined use of the pre-positioned dust suppression device and the condensing airflow distribution plates effectively improves the uniformity of the airflow at the inlet section of the electrostatic precipitator. Overall, the pre-charging zone addresses the issues of insufficient charging and poor airflow uniformity of high-concentration dust in the front electric field of existing electrostatic precipitators. It proposes to add an electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device coupled with a coagulating airflow distribution plate inside the inlet horn. This not only allows some dust to be pre-charged and pre-collected before entering the electric field, but also enhances the charging effect and improves the effective utilization rate of the dust collection area of ​​the anode plate inside the electric field.

[0025] In another optional embodiment of this utility model, the dust suppression zone further includes a streamlined dust suppression device. The streamlined dust suppression device is set on the top of the ash hopper surface. The streamlined dust suppression device is a downwardly concave arc-shaped perforated plate, with one end of the arc-shaped perforated plate near the middle of the ash hopper and the other end lower than the middle of the arc-shaped perforated plate. With this arrangement, the airflow can enter the ash hopper through its guiding and guiding characteristics, and the airflow can clear the through holes of the dust suppression device's perforated plate, avoiding possible blockages during system operation. On the other hand, by utilizing its arc-shaped guiding characteristics, the airflow can enter the dust collector's electric field, allowing the carried dust to achieve secondary charging and secondary dust collection.

[0026] In another optional embodiment of this utility model, the electric field dust removal zone includes a first electric field dust removal zone, a second electric field dust removal zone, and a third electric field dust removal zone arranged sequentially along the airflow direction. The protruding end of the first electrode wire body in the first electric field dust removal zone has a bifurcated structure, the protruding end of the second cathode wire in the second electric field dust removal zone is needle-shaped, and the protruding end of the third cathode wire in the third electric field dust removal zone is spherical. Based on this, the electric field dust removal zone uses the CSD series cathode wire with the strongest discharge capability in the front electric field, the CSA series needle-shaped wire with slightly weaker discharge capability but stronger dust collection capability in the middle electric field, and the CSC series flexible corona wire with the weakest discharge capability but the strongest field strength in the final electric field. Overall, the electric field dust removal zone adopts cathode wire cascade utilization technology, which can match the secondary voltage and secondary current required for the gradient changes in dust concentration and dust particle size in each electric field, and adapt to the changes in NH4HSO4 concentration in each electric field, achieving the dual effect of ensuring dust collection effect and preventing dust adhesion to the cathode wire. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electrostatic precipitator provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the functional partitioning architecture of the electrostatic precipitator shown in the image.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 AA section view in the middle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A top view of the electrostatic precipitator shown in the image;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the image;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the condensing airflow distribution plate shown in the diagram (CC section).

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a condensing airflow distribution plate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly relationship of the first cathode wire in the first electric field dust removal zone.

[0035] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the first cathode wire shown;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second cathode wire in the second electric field dust removal zone;

[0037] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the third cathode wire in the third electric field dust removal zone;

[0038] Figure 12 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part D in the image;

[0039] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the front-mounted dust suppression device formed from a center-E direction perspective;

[0040] Figure 14 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part F in the image;

[0041] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of a streamlined dust suppression and diversion device;

[0042] Figure 16 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part G in the image;

[0043] Figure 17 for Figure 1 Partial sectional view of HH in the middle;

[0044] Figure 18 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the assembly relationship of the shut-off rapping device.

[0045] In the picture:

[0046] Shell 100, inlet 101, outlet 102, ash hopper 103, vacuum heat pipe 104;

[0047] First electric field dust removal zone I, second electric field dust removal zone II, third electric field dust removal zone III;

[0048] Condensing airflow distribution plate 1, through hole 11, suspension device 12, electromagnetic hammer rapping device 13, electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2, first cathode wire 3, first electrode wire body 31, needle 311, support rod 32, second cathode wire 4, second electrode wire body 41, support rod 42, third cathode wire 5, third electrode wire body 51, support rod 52, shut-off rapping device 6, movable flow-blocking valve plate 61, first through hole 611, fixed flow-guiding and equalizing hole plate 62, second through hole 621, pre-positioned flow-guiding and dust suppression device 7, comb teeth 71, streamlined flow-guiding and dust suppression device 8, through hole 81, vertical dust suppression and dust collection device 9, anode plate 9a, windproof hook 9a1. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electrostatic precipitator provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the functional partitioning architecture of the electrostatic precipitator.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the electrostatic precipitator includes a housing 100, an inlet 101, and an outlet 102. An electric field dust removal zone is arranged within the housing 100. This zone can have multiple stages of electric fields arranged sequentially, allowing dust in the airflow to pass through these stages for dust removal. Specifically, along the airflow direction, the upstream electric field is the pre-stage electric field of the electrostatic precipitator, and the downstream electric field is the downstream electric field. Here, "airflow direction" refers to the direction from the housing inlet to the housing outlet, characterizing the gas flow trend.

[0052] The inlet 101 guides the airflow to be dusted into the housing 100 and into the electric field dust removal area. In this embodiment, the inlet 101 is specifically an inlet horn that gradually expands along the airflow direction, and the outlet 102 is specifically an outlet horn that gradually narrows along the airflow direction. A dust hopper 103 is provided at the bottom of the housing 100, and the dust hopper 103 is connected to the inner cavity of the housing 100. In specific implementations, the number of dust hoppers 103 can be determined according to the overall product design requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this number.

[0053] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a condensing airflow distribution plate 1 and an electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 are installed inside the inlet section 101 to form a pre-charged zone. Inside the housing 100, there are three electric field dust removal zones: a first electric field dust removal zone I (with the first cathode wire 3 and anode plate polarity matching), a second electric field dust removal zone II (with the second cathode wire 4 and anode plate polarity matching), and a third electric field dust removal zone III (with the third cathode wire 5 and anode plate polarity matching). These three electric field dust removal zones are spaced apart within the housing 100 to form a novel electric field dust removal zone. Downstream of the electric field dust removal zones, a shut-off rapping device 6 is installed to form a shut-off rapping zone. A pre-flow guiding dust suppression device 7 is installed inside the inlet section 101. The pre-flow guiding dust suppression device 7 is located at the bottom of the condensing airflow distribution plate 1. It is coupled with the condensing airflow distribution plate to improve the uniformity of airflow and suppress secondary dust generation from the first electric field and secondary disturbance dust generation from the ash in the ash hopper. At the same time, a streamlined guiding dust suppression device 8 is installed at the top of the ash hopper surface of the ash hopper 103. Utilizing the guiding and diverting characteristics of this device, the airflow can enter the interior of the dust collector's electric field, and the dust it carries can achieve secondary charging and secondary dust collection. In each electric field dust removal zone, a vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 is installed on the windproof hook near the flue gas outlet of the last anode plate of the electric field. This can reduce the stripping of dust already collected on the anode plate and prevent dust from being carried away by the high-speed airflow during the rapping process, effectively preventing secondary dust generation during rapping. Overall, a guiding dust suppression zone is formed based on the pre-flow guiding dust suppression device 7, the streamlined guiding dust suppression device 8, and the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9. It should be understood that the dust suppression zone is formed by the pre-drainage dust suppression device 7, the streamlined dust suppression device 8, and the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9. The area of ​​the dust suppression zone is only an illustrative example and does not constitute a substantial limitation on the solution of this application.

[0054] In addition, the electrostatic precipitator provided in this application embodiment also includes a high-voltage zone and a low-voltage zone. Depending on the application scenario of the electrostatic precipitator, a low-voltage zone can be set above and / or below the housing 100, such as, but not limited to, electric heating equipment. The high-voltage zone is arranged above the housing 100 and mainly includes a high-voltage power supply. In specific implementations, for cases where a low-voltage zone is configured above the housing 100, the high-voltage zone can be as follows: Figure 2 The low-pressure area shown is located above the housing 100. This application does not limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0055] Pre-charged region:

[0056] Please see also Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 ,in, Figure 3 for Figure 1 AA section view, Figure 4 for Figure 1 The top view of the electrostatic precipitator shown is shown. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the image.

[0057] For existing electrostatic precipitators using flat-plate airflow distribution plates, the following solutions are proposed to address the technical bottlenecks of poor airflow uniformity and asynchronous dust charging and collection in the front zone (first to third anode plates) of the front electric field close to the airflow distribution plate.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, along the airflow direction, multiple condensing airflow distribution plates 1 are distributed inside the inlet 101. In this embodiment, the condensing airflow distribution plate 1 is a corrugated plate, which replaces the existing flat airflow distribution plate. By utilizing the characteristics of the corrugated plate type distribution plate, which has a large specific surface area and good airflow uniformity, the airflow uniformity at the inlet section of the electrostatic precipitator is improved, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the electrode plates inside the electric field.

[0059] In the specific implementation, the airflow passes through multiple condensed airflow distribution plates 1 in sequence. Figure 1 As shown, three condensing airflow distribution plates 1 are arranged at intervals along the airflow direction. It should be understood that at least two condensing airflow distribution plates 1 are used to obtain a better flow uniformity effect. The specific arrangement can be determined according to the actual application scenario; this embodiment does not limit the specific arrangement. Please also refer to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 ,in, Figure 6 for Figure 1 A partial CC cross-sectional view of the condensing airflow distribution plate shown. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a condensing airflow distribution plate provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0060] The coagulating airflow distribution plate 1 is provided with multiple through holes 11, which are located on the slope between the crest and trough. When the airflow passes through the coagulating airflow distribution plate 1, a slope flow effect is formed. That is, after the airflow reaches the crest, it flows to both sides of the crest and diffuses along the inclined slope. After the airflow passes through multiple coagulating airflow distribution plates 1 in sequence, the flow velocity and concentration distribution will decrease layer by layer, achieving the effect of uniform flow diffusion. In addition, based on the change in direction of the airflow, when it passes through the through holes 11 of the coagulating airflow distribution plate 1, local acceleration will occur. Under the action of local acceleration, dust particles in the airflow will collide, which will accelerate the agglomeration and adsorption between dust particles to form large particles. This can effectively accelerate the coagulation of dust particles, making them easier to acquire charge under the action of an electric field and thus be captured.

[0061] In specific implementation, combined with Figure 3As shown, the condensing airflow distribution plate 1 is fixed to the top plate of the inlet 101 by a suspension device 12. To prevent dust accumulation, an electromagnetic hammer vibration device 13 is added to its top to vibrate as needed for system operation, thus avoiding excessive dust accumulation on the plate surface.

[0062] In this embodiment, an electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 is arranged before and after the condensing airflow distribution plate 1, respectively, combined with... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, by utilizing the similar circular tube discharge polarity of the condensing airflow distribution plate 1 and the electric wind intercepting dust flow pretreatment device 2, the dust is rapidly charged when passing through the pre-charged zone. In other words, the front electrode electric field is moved forward to the inside of the inlet horn formed by the inlet part 101, releasing the dust collection area of ​​the front electrode plate.

[0063] In practical implementation, the number of electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment devices 2 can be determined according to the inlet dust concentration and dust characteristics of the application scenario. For example, but not limited to, the number of layers can be 2, 4, or 6, that is, one, two, or three condensing airflow distribution plates 1 can be arranged in front and behind respectively. Similarly, the electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 is fixed to the top plate of the inlet 101 by a suspension system.

[0064] Optionally, the power supply of the electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 can be shared with the first electric field dust removal zone, or it can be powered by a separate power supply. Specifically, the power supply type can be high frequency, power frequency, or variable frequency, etc. When sharing the power supply with the first electric field dust removal zone, the electrode distance between the electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 and the condensing airflow distribution plate 1 needs to be greater than the electrode distance between the same plates in the first electric field dust removal zone.

[0065] Furthermore, to ensure that the electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment device 2 is fully insulated and discharged, an insulation and heat preservation system and a rapping system can be added at the corresponding position on the top plate of the inlet 101.

[0066] Electric field dust removal area:

[0067] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 ,in, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly relationship of the first cathode wire in the first electric field dust removal zone I. Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the first cathode wire shown.

[0068] For the technical bottleneck problems such as the adhesion of NH4HSO4 to the anode plate and cathode wire caused by ammonia escape, and the corrosion of the electrode plate and electrode wire caused by biomass co-firing, the following solutions are proposed.

[0069] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in the first electric field dust removal zone I, which serves as the pre-stage electric field, a first cathode wire 3 is adapted to the anode plate, replacing conventional needle-punched wire or barbed wire. The first cathode wire 3 includes a first electrode body 31 and a support rod 32. The first electrode body 31 is mounted on the support rod 32. The protruding end of the first electrode body 31 has a forked structure to form two needles 311. One needle 311 bends towards one side of the support rod 32, and the other needle 311 bends towards the other side of the support rod 32. Here, the first cathode wire 3 is a new type of cathode wire from the CSD series.

[0070] The two needles 311 extending from the first electrode body 31 can be directly aligned with the anode plate. Specifically, the electrode configuration adopts a configuration of one CSD series novel cathode wire matching one anode plate. With this arrangement, the two ends of the first electrode body 31 can respectively form two discharge tips with the corresponding anode plate. Compared with corona wires with needle-pricked structures, this configuration has the characteristics of better rapping acceleration and stronger discharge capability, effectively enhancing the dust charging capacity and anti-dust accumulation capability of the preceding electric field, increasing the number of discharge tips opposite the anode plate for a single electrode body, and reducing energy consumption.

[0071] Please see also Figure 4 and Figure 10 ,in, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second cathode wire in the second electric field dust removal zone.

[0072] The second electric field dust removal zone II, serving as the intermediate electric field, employs a second cathode wire 4 adapted to the anode plate, specifically a needle-shaped wire. The second cathode wire 4 includes a second electrode body 41 and a support rod 42. The second electrode body 41 is mounted on the support rod 42, and its extended end 411 is needle-shaped. Utilizing the characteristic of this wire type—slightly weaker discharge capability but stronger dust collection capability—the dust collection ability of the intermediate electric field can be enhanced. Here, the second cathode wire 4 is a CSA series cathode wire.

[0073] In a specific implementation, the support rod 42 of the second cathode wire 4 can be made of round steel, and the body 41 of the second cathode wire is made of needle wire with a length of 10mm to 20mm, and is parallel to the corresponding anode plate. Specifically, the needle wire is fixed to both sides of the support structure and arranged in an alternating manner, using a configuration of 2 CSA series cathode wires matched with 1 anode plate.

[0074] Please see also Figure 4 and Figure 11 ,in, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the third cathode wire in the third electric field dust removal zone.

[0075] The third electric field dust removal zone III, serving as the final stage electric field, employs a third cathode wire 5 adapted to the anode plate, specifically a flexible corona wire with a spherical end. The third cathode wire 5 includes a third electrode body 51 and a support rod 52. The third electrode body 51 is mounted on the support rod 52, and its extended end 511 is spherical. Utilizing the gentle discharge characteristic of the spherical end of the third cathode wire 5, the secondary voltage of the final stage electric field can be increased, enhancing the collection capacity for fine dust and high resistivity dust. Here, the third cathode wire 5 is a CSC series cathode wire.

[0076] The third electrode body 51 and the support rod 52 can be connected in a ring shape. The third electrode body 51 is arranged parallel to the anode plate. The electrode matching form adopts a configuration of 2 CSC series new corona wires matched with 1 anode plate.

[0077] Optionally, under extremely harsh operating conditions, the cathode wire bodies of the first cathode wire 3, the second cathode wire 4, and the third cathode wire 5 can be coated with a nano anti-fouling coating. By utilizing the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of this coating, the problem of dust accumulation on the cathode wires can be completely eliminated, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the cathode system.

[0078] Dust suppression and diversion zone:

[0079] Please see also Figure 1 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 ,in, Figure 12 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part D in the image. Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the front-mounted dust suppression device formed from the E-direction perspective.

[0080] To address the technical bottlenecks such as secondary dust generation from ash fall, secondary dust generation from vibration, and secondary dust generation from ash flow disturbance within the ash hopper, the following solutions are proposed.

[0081] In this implementation plan, combined with Figure 1 As shown, a comb-shaped pre-drainage dust suppression device 7 is added to the bottom of each condensing airflow distribution plate 1. The pre-drainage dust suppression device 7 includes comb teeth 71 arranged at intervals in sequence. The lower end of the comb teeth 71 has a wedge-shaped structure. The top of the pre-drainage dust suppression device 7 is connected to the corresponding condensing airflow distribution plate 1, and the bottom is connected to the bottom plate of the inlet 101. The pre-drainage dust suppression device 7 is used to reduce the flue gas velocity and make the flue gas distribution more uniform.

[0082] In its implementation, the comb teeth of two adjacent pre-guided dust suppression devices 7 are arranged in an alternating pattern along the airflow direction. This serves two purposes: firstly, it reserves necessary ash conveying channels, and secondly, it acts as a flow obstructor. The pre-guided dust suppression devices 7, combined with the condensing airflow distribution plate 1, effectively improve the uniformity of the airflow at the inlet section of the electrostatic precipitator. CFD airflow simulation and physical model display show that the relative root mean square difference of airflow velocity can be increased to ≤0.15, compared to 0.3 in the traditional scheme. The airflow velocity benefit of this implementation scheme is significant.

[0083] Please see also Figure 1 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 ,in, Figure 14 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part F in the image. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the streamlined dust suppression and diversion device 8.

[0084] A streamlined flow-guiding dust suppression device 8 is added to the top of the ash hopper surface of the ash hopper 103. The streamlined flow-guiding dust suppression device 8 is located near the middle of the ash hopper 103 and below the other end away from the middle of the ash hopper 103. The streamlined flow-guiding dust suppression device 8 has multiple through-holes 81 penetrating its body, and is an overall downward-concave arc-shaped perforated plate. Utilizing the flow-guiding characteristics of this device, on the one hand, airflow can enter the ash hopper, and the airflow can clear the through-holes 81 of the dust suppression device's perforated plate, avoiding potential blockages during system operation. On the other hand, utilizing its arc-shaped flow-guiding characteristics, the airflow can enter the dust collector's electric field, allowing the carried dust to achieve secondary charging and secondary dust collection.

[0085] Applying the embodiments of this application, the flue gas velocity in the top area of ​​the ash hopper is reduced from 1.5~2m / s to below 0.5m / s, and the flue gas velocity in the ash hopper 103 is reduced from 1.5m / s to below 0.6m / s. This can effectively eliminate the eddies in the flue gas corridor and the ash hopper, and solve the problems of dust falling and being raised during the rapping process and secondary dust raised by the disturbance of the ash gas flow in the ash hopper.

[0086] In practical implementation, the shape and opening ratio of the streamlined dust-guiding device 8 can be determined according to the actual needs of the application scenario. For example, based on the dust concentration and characteristics, the streamlined dust-guiding device 8 corresponding to the upstream electric field can use an elliptical perforated plate with an opening ratio of 30-60%; for the streamlined dust-guiding devices 8 corresponding to the intermediate and final electric fields, a circular perforated plate with an opening ratio of 30-50% can be used. It should be understood that the specific opening size and opening ratio may need to be determined, and this application embodiment does not limit them.

[0087] Please see also Figure 1 , Figure 16and Figure 17 ,in, Figure 16 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part G in the image. Figure 17 for Figure 1 Partial cross-sectional view of HH in the image.

[0088] To address the issue of dust shedding and secondary dust generation caused by the relatively high wind speed near the anode plate surface in the electric field, a vertical dust suppression and collection device is added to the windproof hook on the last anode plate 9a in each electric field area, near the flue gas outlet.

[0089] like Figure 16 As shown, the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 is fixedly installed with the windproof hook 9a1 of the anode plate 9a near the flue gas outlet side, and the whole is an arc-shaped plate protruding towards the flue gas outlet side. Exemplarily, the figure shows the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 installed corresponding to two anode plates 9a. Combined with... Figure 17 As shown, the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 is at the same height as the anode plate 9a (the vertical dimension shown in the figure).

[0090] Based on the setting of the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9, the wind speed near the surface of the anode plate 9a can be reduced, causing the high wind speed area in the channel to shift towards the cathode side. On the one hand, this is conducive to the peeling off of dust on the cathode wire surface and prevents corona sealing. On the other hand, it reduces the peeling of dust already collected on the anode plate and the dust being carried away by high wind speed during the rapping process, preventing secondary dust generation during rapping.

[0091] In a specific implementation, the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 is arranged on the last anode plate of each electric field dust removal zone, and both ends of the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 extend out of the windproof hooks 9a1 of the anode plate 9a, and the extension dimension I can be 30~60mm, and the radius R of the arc-shaped vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 can be 300mm~400mm.

[0092] In other possible implementations, the vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 can also be a flat plate (not shown in the figure).

[0093] Applying this implementation scheme, the pre-positioned dust suppression device 7 can effectively eliminate the flue gas corridor at the bottom of the condensing airflow distribution plate 1, preventing the airflow from rushing into the corresponding ash hopper of the preceding electric field, and avoiding secondary dust generation caused by disturbance of the ash inside the ash hopper; the streamlined dust suppression device 8 can eliminate the flue gas corridor at the bottom of the electric field and the top of the ash hopper surface, preventing secondary dust generation caused by the high-speed flue gas breaking up flaky dust during the ash falling process, and can also force the flue gas to be redirected and enter the electric field, so that the dust carried can be recharged. In addition to secondary dust collection, the streamlined flow-guiding dust suppression device 8 can also eliminate eddies within the ash hopper, completely resolving secondary dust generation caused by turbulent ash flow within the ash hopper due to high-speed eddies. The vertical dust suppression and collection device 9 is installed at the tail end of the last anode plate in each electric field dust removal zone (near the windproof hook at the flue gas outlet), effectively reducing the wind speed near the anode plate surface and causing the low-speed zone on the plate surface to move towards the cathode line. This effectively prevents the shedding of collected dust by high-speed winds and secondary dust generation caused by high-speed rapping during the rapping process. Overall, the above-mentioned multi-dimensional technical measures for suppressing secondary dust can effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of each level of the electric field.

[0094] Turn off the vibration zone :

[0095] Please see also Figure 1 and Figure 18 ,in, Figure 18 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the assembly relationship of the shut-off rapping device.

[0096] To address the problem of intermittent secondary dust generation caused by the final stage electric field dust removal rapping, which leads to secondary dust being dispersed with the flue gas to the outlet 102 (outlet horn) and entering the next stage equipment, this implementation plan adds a "zero" wind speed shut-off rapping device 6 at the tail end of the final stage electric field dust removal zone. The shut-off rapping device 6 is set up in accordance with the channel of the final stage electric field dust removal zone.

[0097] Combination Figure 18 As shown, the shut-off rapping device 6 includes a movable flow-blocking valve plate 61 and a fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate 62. The movable flow-blocking valve plate 61 has multiple first through holes, and the fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate 62 has multiple second through holes. The first through holes and the second through holes correspond one to one. In the flow state, the two overlap, and in the blocking state, the two are misaligned.

[0098] During rapping and dust removal, the rapping device 6, switched to the blocking state, physically blocks the channel requiring rapping and dust removal. Because the channel is blocked, the flue gas velocity within the entire channel is zero, preventing secondary dust generated during rapping from being carried into the next stage of equipment. At this time, the secondary dust is recharged under the action of cathode discharge and captured by the anode plate under the influence of the electric field. After rapping, the flue gas flow in the channel is restored by switching the rapping device 6 to the flow state until the start of the next rapping cycle. Thus, based on the zero wind speed state during rapping, there is no risk of dust dispersion, completely eliminating the occurrence of intermittent secondary dust generation at the end of the electric field and improving dust collection efficiency.

[0099] In its implementation, the guide vanes of the fixed flow guiding and equalizing orifice plate 62 can be expanded to both sides of the anode plate's windproof hook, parallel to the flue gas direction. The equalizing orifice plate of the fixed flow guiding and equalizing orifice plate 62 is arranged perpendicular to the airflow direction, and the angle formed between the guide vanes and the equalizing orifice plate can be an acute angle. The movable flow-blocking valve plate 61 is fitted inside the formed angle and connected to the dust collector housing 100 through a lifting mechanism. The fixed flow guiding and equalizing orifice plate 62 and the movable flow-blocking valve plate 61 have the same opening ratio, and the flow and obstruction of flue gas are controlled by a lifting and staggered method.

[0100] High-pressure area and low-pressure area:

[0101] To address the issue of high energy consumption in electrostatic precipitators, the high-voltage power supply mode can utilize an AI intelligent high-efficiency power supply instead of a conventional power supply. This type of power supply can automatically adjust its output power according to the boiler load, thereby saving high-voltage energy consumption.

[0102] Furthermore, this application's embodiments employ vacuum heat pipe heating technology instead of the existing insulator electric heating scheme. For example... Figure 1 As shown, each insulator in each electrostatic precipitator zone is equipped with a vacuum heat pipe 104. The heat source for the vacuum heat pipe 104 is taken from inside the electrostatic precipitator; that is, the evaporation end of the vacuum heat pipe 104 is located inside the shell 10, and the condensation end is adapted to exchange heat with the insulator. For example, but not limited to, the condensation end is distributed in a ring on the outer wall of the insulator. In this way, there is no need to add an additional electric heating device, achieving "zero" energy consumption for insulator heating.

[0103] In the specific implementation, the vacuum heat pipe 104 is filled with a working fluid. The working fluid is heated and vaporized inside the electrostatic precipitator via the vacuum heat pipe 104. After vaporization, the working fluid rises along the vacuum heat pipe 104 to the annular end located on the periphery of the insulator and releases heat through the annular condensation end to heat the outer wall of the insulator. After releasing heat, the working fluid condenses and flows back to the evaporation end of the vacuum heat pipe 104, ultimately forming a closed loop.

[0104] Furthermore, a nano-non-stick coating can be sprayed onto the inner wall of the ash hopper 103 to prevent dust from adhering to the wall panels. Utilizing the dust-repellent properties of this coating, self-cleaning of dust within the ash hopper is achieved. No additional electric heating device is needed on the outer wall of the ash hopper, thus eliminating the need for heating and further reducing energy consumption.

[0105] In a specific implementation, the non-stick coating may contain two or more nanoparticles, one of which is nano-silica. Here, the weight ratio of the nano-silica particles to the other nanoparticles ranges from 1:1 to 8:1. The specific ratio can be determined according to the overall product design requirements, and this application does not limit it.

[0106] Based on the organic combination of the above-mentioned technologies provided in the embodiments of this application, the dust collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators can be greatly improved. Studies have shown that under the same operating conditions, flue gas parameters and dust removal efficiency, the dust collection area of ​​conventional electrostatic precipitators is reduced by more than 10%, the equipment footprint is reduced by more than 12%, the total weight of the equipment is reduced by more than 10%, and the energy efficiency level of the electrostatic precipitator reaches level 2 or above.

[0107] It should be noted that the ordinal numbers used in the above embodiments provided in this implementation method are used to distinguish the same functional components or structures. It should be understood that the application of the above ordinal numbers is only used to distinguish different limited objects and does not constitute a substantial limitation on the electrostatic precipitator claimed in this application.

[0108] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic precipitator, characterized in that, The electrostatic precipitator includes a housing and an inlet and an outlet respectively connected to the housing. Inside the precipitator are arranged a pre-charging zone, an electric field dust removal zone, a flow-guiding dust suppression zone, and a shut-off rapping zone. Below the electric field dust removal zone is a dust hopper connected to the inner cavity of the housing. The pre-charging zone is located inside the inlet, the electric field dust removal zone is located inside the housing, and the shut-off rapping zone is located downstream of the electric field dust removal zone. The flow-guiding dust suppression zone includes a vertical dust suppression and collection device, which is correspondingly arranged with the anode plate at the downstream end of the electric field dust removal zone and is fixedly connected to the end of the anode plate near the outlet.

2. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the vertical dust suppression and collection device is the same as the height of the corresponding anode plate.

3. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The vertical dust suppression and collection device is an arc-shaped plate protruding towards the outlet side, or the vertical dust suppression and collection device is a flat plate.

4. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical dust suppression and collection device is fixedly connected to the dustproof hook of the corresponding anode plate near the outlet.

5. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-charged zone includes multiple condensing airflow distribution plates disposed within the inlet section. The multiple condensing airflow distribution plates are spaced apart along the airflow direction. Each condensing airflow distribution plate is a corrugated plate with multiple through holes. The multiple through holes are located on the slope between the crests and troughs of the corrugated plate. Electric wind interception dust flow pretreatment devices are respectively disposed before and after the condensing airflow distribution plates.

6. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dust suppression zone also includes multiple pre-drainage dust suppression devices, each corresponding to a condensing airflow distribution plate. Each pre-drainage dust suppression device includes multiple spaced comb teeth, with its top connected to the corresponding condensing airflow distribution plate and its bottom connected to the bottom plate of the inlet.

7. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The comb teeth of two adjacent pre-positioned dust suppression devices are arranged in an alternating pattern in the airflow direction.

8. The electrostatic precipitator according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The dust suppression and diversion zone also includes a streamlined dust suppression and diversion device, which is located on the top of the ash hopper surface. The streamlined dust suppression and diversion device is a downwardly concave arc-shaped perforated plate, with one end of the arc-shaped perforated plate near the middle of the ash hopper and the other end of the arc-shaped perforated plate away from the middle of the ash hopper.

9. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The streamlined flow guiding and dust suppression device, which is set in accordance with the front electric field of the electric field dust removal zone, is an arc-shaped perforated plate with elliptical holes and an opening ratio of 30% to 60%; the streamlined flow guiding and dust suppression device, which is set in accordance with the middle electric field and the final electric field of the electric field dust removal zone, is an arc-shaped perforated plate with circular holes and an opening ratio of 30% to 50%.

10. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric field dust removal zone includes a first electric field dust removal zone, a second electric field dust removal zone, and a third electric field dust removal zone arranged sequentially along the airflow direction. The first electric field dust removal zone includes a first cathode wire adapted to the anode plate. The first cathode wire includes a first electrode body and a support rod. The first electrode body is disposed on the support rod of the first cathode wire, and the protruding end of the first electrode body has a forked structure to form two needles opposite to the corresponding anode plate. The second electric field dust removal zone includes a second cathode wire adapted to the anode plate. The second cathode wire includes a second electrode body and a support rod. The second electrode body is disposed on the support rod of the second cathode wire, and the protruding end of the second electrode body is needle-shaped. The third electric field dust removal zone includes a third cathode wire adapted to the anode plate. The third cathode wire includes a third electrode body and a support rod. The third electrode body is disposed on the support rod of the third cathode wire, and the protruding end of the third electrode body is spherical.

11. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shut-off rapping zone includes a shut-off rapping device located downstream of the electric field dust removal zone. The shut-off rapping device includes a movable flow-blocking valve plate and a fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate. The movable flow-blocking valve plate has multiple first through holes, and the fixed flow-guiding and equalizing orifice plate has multiple second through holes. The first through holes and the second through holes correspond one-to-one. In the flow state, they overlap, and in the blocking state, they are misaligned.

12. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulators in the electric field dust removal zone are equipped with vacuum heat pipes. The evaporation end of the vacuum heat pipe is located inside the shell, and the condensation end is adapted to exchange heat with the insulator.

13. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the ash hopper has a nano non-stick coating.

14. The electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic precipitator further includes a high-pressure zone and a low-pressure zone, the low-pressure zone being located above and / or below the housing, and the high-pressure zone being located above the housing.

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