Thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic modules, belong to photovoltaic module technical field.The thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module of the utility model has the advantages of high-reliability light and thin backboard package, electrode wire leads out of no damage enough strength, double-layer package film of aluminium plastic film plus butyl rubber film, excellent water-oxygen barrier packaging effect is achieved through cheap film material, packaging thickness is significantly lower than glass packaging, module is lighter and thinner, through the round metal adhesive tape sticking wire, mechanical damage is minimum, does not affect battery efficiency, through the buffering effect of round metal adhesive tape, the mechanical damage and thermal damage of low-temperature soldering tin soldering wire can be reduced, through the round metal adhesive tape sticking cooperation double-layer package film sticking, the connection mechanical strength of round metal adhesive tape and perovskite sub-cell is strengthened, through Sn-Bi, Sn-Bi-In etc. low-temperature alloy soldering tin wire replaces traditional soldering tin wire, reduce soldering thermal damage to perovskite sub-cell The harm and efficiency loss brought about.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic module technology, specifically relating to a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their high efficiency, low cost fabrication, and tunable bandgap. In indoor photovoltaic applications (such as self-powering of low-power electronic products like IoT devices, sensors, and wearable devices), perovskite materials have shown unique potential. Under low indoor light intensity (200-1000 lux), the conversion efficiency of perovskite cells can reach 30%-40%, significantly higher than that of amorphous silicon solar cells commonly used in indoor photovoltaics (typically <20%). Perovskite raw materials are abundant, and the processing temperature is low (<150℃), allowing for large-area production through solution coating technology, thus reducing the cost of indoor photovoltaics.

[0003] Although perovskite solar cells have significant advantages over traditional indoor amorphous silicon solar cells, several shortcomings still need to be overcome before they can achieve breakthroughs in application:

[0004] 1. The common glass backsheet encapsulation for perovskite is too thick for indoor photovoltaics. The encapsulation thickness needs to be reduced, but the encapsulation strength cannot be reduced. Amorphous silicon cells can achieve a stable operating life of more than 10 years indoors. Perovskite is several orders of magnitude more sensitive to humidity and oxygen than amorphous silicon, requiring strict encapsulation. Therefore, common outdoor perovskite photovoltaic modules use double-glass encapsulation, which is a sandwich encapsulation structure consisting of a glass substrate, a perovskite power generation layer, an encapsulation material layer, and a glass backsheet, formed by vacuum lamination. This structure can effectively prevent stability problems caused by water and oxygen permeation. This double-glass module encapsulation increases the thickness and weight of the module, which is not conducive to integration into thin and light indoor low-power electronic products and affects the product appearance.

[0005] II. There are technical difficulties in leading out the conductive electrode wires of perovskite small modules used in indoor photovoltaics. The amorphous silicon modules commonly used in indoor photovoltaics use PECVD and magnetron sputtering to deposit the light-absorbing active layer amorphous silicon and the conductive electrode Al / Ag. The film layer has a high adhesion to the substrate and can withstand temperatures of 250°C for a short time. Therefore, it is very convenient to use soldering to lead out the electrode wires from the electrode surface. However, the perovskite and organic transport layer itself can only withstand 150°C for a short time. The organic transport layer and electrodes on the surface of perovskite are usually vacuum evaporated, which has insufficient mechanical adhesion. Therefore, direct soldering will bring the dual problems of thermal damage and mechanical damage. At the same time, the wires directly soldered to the substrate have no connection strength and the wires will fall off directly from the perovskite surface.

[0006] Therefore, a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module is proposed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] In response to one or more of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, this utility model provides a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module, which has the advantages of achieving highly reliable thin backsheet encapsulation, non-damaging and sufficiently strong electrode wire lead-out.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module, including a glass back sheet, wherein a plurality of perovskite sub-cells are arranged in a linear array on the upper surface of the glass back sheet, and a double-layer encapsulation film is laid on the upper surface of the plurality of perovskite sub-cells.

[0009] The double-layer encapsulation film includes an aluminum-plastic film and a butyl film. The aluminum-plastic film is located on the upper end of the butyl film, and mounting holes are provided on both sides of the upper end face of the aluminum-plastic film and the butyl film.

[0010] Two of the perovskite sub-cells located at both ends are fitted with circular metal tapes at the center of their upper surfaces, and the two circular metal tapes are respectively located in two mounting holes on the same side. The two circular metal tapes are connected to wires by solder.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, both the glass backplate and the double-layer encapsulation film are rectangular structures of the same size.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, the thickness of the aluminum-plastic film is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the thickness of the butyl film is 0.2-0.7 mm.

[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, the diameter of both mounting holes is 3-4mm.

[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, the perovskite sub-cell includes a metal electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a transparent conductive layer.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions conceived by this utility model compared with the prior art include:

[0016] This invention relates to a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module. The module features a double-layer encapsulation film composed of an aluminum-plastic film and a butyl film. This inexpensive thin-film material achieves excellent water and oxygen barrier effects, resulting in a significantly thinner and lighter module compared to glass encapsulation. Furthermore, the plastic film encapsulation is less prone to breakage. The use of circular metal tape to bond the wires minimizes mechanical damage and does not affect battery efficiency. The circular metal tape's buffering effect reduces mechanical and thermal damage from low-temperature soldering of the wires, providing sufficient electrical conductivity and connection strength. The combination of the circular metal tape and the double-layer encapsulation film strengthens the mechanical connection between the circular metal tape and the perovskite sub-cells. The use of low-temperature alloy solder wires such as Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-In instead of traditional solder wires reduces the damage and efficiency loss caused by soldering heat to the perovskite sub-cells. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall disassembly structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation cross-sectional structure of this utility model.

[0020] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1, glass backplate; 2, perovskite sub-cell; 21, circular metal tape; 3, double-layer encapsulation film; 31, aluminum-plastic film; 32, butyl film; 33, mounting hole; 4, wire. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] Example

[0023] Depend on Figure 1-3 A thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module is provided, including a glass backplate 1, a plurality of perovskite sub-cells 2 arranged in a linear array on the upper surface of the glass backplate 1, and a double-layer encapsulation film 3 being laid on the upper surface of the plurality of perovskite sub-cells 2.

[0024] The double-layer encapsulation film 3 includes an aluminum-plastic film 31 and a butyl film 32. The aluminum-plastic film 31 is located on the upper end of the butyl film 32, and mounting holes 33 are provided on both sides of the upper end face of the aluminum-plastic film 31 and the butyl film 32.

[0025] Two perovskite sub-cells 2 located at both ends are fitted with circular metal tapes 21 at the middle of their upper surfaces, and the two circular metal tapes 21 are respectively located in two mounting holes 33 on the same side. The two circular metal tapes 21 are connected to wires 4 by solder.

[0026] The glass backplate 1 and the double-layer encapsulation film 3 are both rectangular structures of the same size. The aluminum-plastic film 31 has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the butyl film 32 has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm, and the two mounting holes 33 have a diameter of 3-4 mm. The perovskite sub-cell 2 includes a metal electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a transparent conductive layer.

[0027] In this embodiment, aluminum-plastic film 31 is used instead of glass backsheet for thin-film encapsulation, which can solve the problem of thin and light components. The water and oxygen barrier efficiency of aluminum-plastic film 31 can reach 10. -5 g / m 2 Day is the cheapest flexible film on the market with sufficient barrier properties. It is made by laminating an aluminum-plastic film 31 and a butyl film 32. The butyl film 32 provides further edge water resistance and mechanical connection strength between the aluminum-plastic film 31 and the perovskite sub-cell 2 substrate. Before the aluminum-plastic film 31 is heat-pressed, two mounting holes 33 are made at each end of the aluminum-plastic film 31 and the butyl film 32. Below the mounting holes 33, a double-sided conductive, single-sided adhesive circular metal tape 21 is attached to the perovskite sub-cells 2 at both ends. This bonding minimizes mechanical damage to the perovskite sub-cells 2. Furthermore, a double-layer encapsulation film 3 is pressed onto the circular metal tape 21 to enhance the connection strength between the circular metal tape 21 and the perovskite sub-cell 2. Finally, using a special low-temperature alloy solder wire, the circular metal tape 21 is soldered to the perovskite sub-cell 2 through brief heating, thus establishing a connection with the perovskite sub-cell. The electrical connection between the perovskite sub-cells 2 has sufficient mechanical strength and conductivity. The double-layer encapsulation film 3, composed of aluminum-plastic film 31 and butyl film 32, achieves excellent water and oxygen barrier encapsulation effect through inexpensive thin film materials. The encapsulation thickness is significantly lower than that of glass encapsulation, making the module lighter and thinner. Moreover, the plastic film encapsulation is not easily broken. The mechanical damage caused by attaching the wires 4 with circular metal tape 21 is minimized and does not affect the battery efficiency. The buffering effect of circular metal tape 21 can reduce the mechanical and thermal damage of low-temperature soldering of wires 4, providing sufficient electrical conductivity and connection strength. The attachment of circular metal tape 21 in conjunction with the attachment of double-layer encapsulation film 3 enhances the mechanical strength of the connection between circular metal tape 21 and perovskite sub-cells 2. The use of low-temperature alloy solder wires such as Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-In to replace traditional solder wires reduces the damage and efficiency loss caused by soldering heat damage to perovskite sub-cells 2.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the two circular metal tapes 21 is larger than the diameter of the mounting hole 33, and the diameter of the circular metal tapes 21 is smaller than the width of a single perovskite cell 2. The two circular metal tapes 21 are respectively located on the two outermost perovskite cell 2. The overall length and width of the plurality of perovskite cell 2 arranged in a linear array are smaller than the length and width of the glass back plate 1 and the double-layer encapsulation film 3. The plurality of perovskite cell 2 arranged in a linear array are symmetrically and centrally wrapped by the glass back plate 1 and the double-layer encapsulation film 3.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, when the thickness of the aluminum-plastic film 31 is 0.1 mm and the thickness of the butyl film 32 is 0.4 mm, after hot pressing, the device does not change color after 500 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, but the efficiency decreases by about 20%. The two mounting holes 33 have a diameter of 3 mm, and a 4 mm circular metal tape 21 is used. After 100 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, the device color fades, and water vapor permeation occurs around the circular holes.

[0030] In a further preferred embodiment, when the aluminum-plastic film 31 is 0.2 mm thick and the butyl film 32 is 0.7 mm thick, after hot pressing, the device's color did not change after 1000 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, and the efficiency decreased by less than 10%. Thicker butyl film resulted in more adhesive overflow and significant waste. With two mounting holes 33 having a diameter of 3 mm, using 6 mm diameter circular metal tape 21, the device's color did not change after 1000 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, and there was no penetration around the holes.

[0031] In the optimal embodiment, when the thickness of the aluminum-plastic film 31 is 0.2 mm and the thickness of the butyl film 32 is 0.4 mm, after hot pressing, the device does not change color after 1000 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, and the efficiency decreases by less than 10%. The two mounting holes 33 have a diameter of 3 mm, and a 6 mm circular metal tape 21 is used. After 1000 hours at 85°C / 85%RH, the device does not change color, and there is no penetration around the circular holes.

[0032] A further preferred embodiment compares the effect of soldering batteries at different temperatures on battery efficiency;

[0033] Two devices with similar power were selected, and the perovskite solar cells were soldered using ordinary solder wire with a soldering iron set to 350℃ and a low-temperature solder wire with a melting point of 138℃ with a soldering iron set to 180℃, respectively.

[0034] Table 1. Changes in photoelectric properties of ordinary 350℃ solder wire before and after soldering.

[0035] condition Voc open circuit voltage Isc short-circuit current Jsc current density FF fill factor PCE battery efficiency Before welding 13.95V 0.176A 1.656 mA / cm2 72.54％ 16.57％ After welding 13.45V 0.183A 1.717 mA / cm2 60.42％ 13.97％

[0036] Table 2. Changes in photoelectric properties of solder wire before and after soldering at low temperature (180℃)

[0037] condition Voc open circuit voltage Isc short-circuit current Jsc current density FF fill factor PCE battery efficiency Before welding 13.87V 0.178A 1.636 mA / cm2 71.73％ 16.47％ After welding 14.14V 0.173A 1.636 mA / cm2 69.59％ 15.82％

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the circular metal tape 21 may be made of materials such as Cu, Ag, Al, Ni, Sn, Bi, Cr / Cu, etc.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminum-plastic film 31 is composed of nylon, adhesive, aluminum, adhesive, and PP in sequence.

[0040] The present invention relates to a thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module:

[0041] Replacing the glass backsheet with aluminum-plastic film 31 for thin-film encapsulation can solve the problem of achieving thinner and lighter components. The water and oxygen barrier properties of aluminum-plastic film 31 can reach 10%. -5 g / m 2 Day is the cheapest flexible film on the market with sufficient barrier properties. It is made by laminating an aluminum-plastic film 31 and a butyl film 32. The butyl film 32 provides further edge water resistance and mechanical connection strength between the aluminum-plastic film 31 and the perovskite sub-cell 2 substrate. Before the aluminum-plastic film 31 is heat-pressed, two mounting holes 33 are opened at both ends of the aluminum-plastic film 31 and the butyl film 32. Below the mounting holes 33, a circular metal tape 21 with double-sided conductivity and single-sided adhesion is attached to the perovskite sub-cells 2 at both ends. This bonding minimizes mechanical damage to the perovskite sub-cells 2. Furthermore, a double-layer encapsulation film 3 is pressed on the circular metal tape 21 to enhance the connection strength between the circular metal tape 21 and the perovskite sub-cell 2. Then, the circular metal tape 21 is soldered to the perovskite sub-cell 2 by a special low-temperature alloy solder wire and a short heating time, thereby establishing an electrical connection with sufficient mechanical strength and conductivity between the circular metal tape 21 and the perovskite sub-cell 2.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module, characterized in that: Includes a glass backplate (1), on the upper surface of the glass backplate (1) a plurality of perovskite sub-cells (2) are arranged in a linear array, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of perovskite sub-cells (2) are covered with a double-layer encapsulation film (3). The double-layer encapsulation film (3) includes an aluminum-plastic film (31) and a butyl film (32). The aluminum-plastic film (31) is located at the upper end of the butyl film (32), and mounting holes (33) are provided on both sides of the upper end face of the aluminum-plastic film (31) and the butyl film (32). Two of the perovskite sub-cells (2) located at both ends are fitted with circular metal tapes (21) at the middle of their upper surfaces, and the two circular metal tapes (21) are respectively located in two mounting holes (33) on the same side. The two circular metal tapes (21) are connected to wires (4) by solder.

2. The thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass backplate (1) and the double-layer encapsulation film (3) are both rectangular structures of the same size.

3. The thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum-plastic film (31) has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and the butyl film (32) has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm.

4. The thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of both mounting holes (33) is 3-4 mm.

5. The thin perovskite indoor photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite sub-cell (2) includes a metal electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a transparent conductive layer.

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