Aquaculture tail water particle coagulation and sedimentation device based on floating bed type three-dimensional brush

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of water production breeding tail water particulate matter synergic sedimentation device based on floating bed type three-dimensional brush belongs to water treatment technical field.The center of ecological floating bed is provided with hole, and the edge of hole is provided with elastic fixing ring, for firm placing water-permeable flowerpot or planting basket, planting purifying plant, and the bottom of hole is provided with grid baffle, and the four corners and the middle of four edges of ecological floating bed are provided with connecting hole, and connecting hole is combined into floating island by flexible connection with adjacent ecological floating bed through loose joint connecting ring;Multiple filtering brushes are vertically hung on the loose joint connecting ring of the lower surface of ecological floating bed, fixed below the ecological floating bed of HDPE material, and the root system of purifying plant extends to the brush area to form composite biofilm.The utility model has simplified structure, controllable cost and strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model provides a device for the synergistic settling of particulate matter in aquaculture tailwater based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush, belonging to the field of water treatment technology. Background Technology

[0002] Wastewater contains a large amount of organic particulate matter (SS) such as uneaten feed and feces, which is one of the key factors causing water pollution. Currently, the removal of particulate matter in wastewater treatment mainly relies on technologies such as sedimentation tanks, filtration, or flocculation. Traditional sedimentation tanks have a large footprint, long hydraulic retention time, and are easily disturbed in terms of settling efficiency; mechanical filtration has problems such as high energy consumption, easy clogging of filter screens, and frequent maintenance; chemical flocculation is effective, but it is costly and easily introduces the risk of secondary pollution.

[0003] Currently, there are three technologies for treating particulate matter in pond aquaculture wastewater: sedimentation tank technology, mechanical filtration technology (rotary drum / roller microfilters), and chemical flocculation technology.

[0004] Sedimentation tank technology relies on the principle of gravity settling, which allows particulate matter to settle naturally by extending the hydraulic residence time. This technology has the following disadvantages: 1. Low settling efficiency: Fine particulate matter (particle size <50μm) is light in density and easily suspended, making it difficult to settle effectively; 2. Poor resistance to disturbance: Water flow fluctuations (such as inflow impact and wind force) can easily cause settled particles to be resuspended; 3. Large footprint: Large sedimentation tanks need to be built, resulting in high land costs and making it difficult to adapt to intensive aquaculture farms.

[0005] Mechanical filtration technology physically traps particulate matter through a screen (pore size 30-100μm). This technology has the following disadvantages: 1. High energy consumption: It requires continuous power to drive the screen rotation and backwashing; 2. Complex operation and maintenance: Residual feed and feces will quickly clog the filter screen, requiring frequent high-pressure backwashing, which increases labor costs; 3. It cannot handle colloidal particles: It has no ability to remove dissolved pollutants (such as ammonia nitrogen).

[0006] Chemical flocculation technology involves adding flocculants such as PAC and PAM to cause particulate matter to aggregate and settle. This technology has the following disadvantages: 1. Risk of secondary pollution: Residual flocculants affect the aquatic ecological environment and are not conducive to the reuse of effluent; 2. High operating costs: The dosage of the flocculants depends on water quality fluctuations, and the long-term cost is uncontrollable; 3. Generation of chemical sludge: The flocculent sludge needs to be treated separately, increasing the disposal burden.

[0007] Biofilm technologies (such as fixed packing materials and brushes) are widely used due to their effectiveness in degrading dissolved pollutants (such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite). However, their direct physical interception and sedimentation-promoting effects on lightweight, easily suspended fine particulate matter in aquaculture wastewater are limited. How to efficiently, cost-effectively, and eco-friendly remove suspended particulate matter from aquaculture wastewater while simultaneously treating dissolved pollutants is a pressing problem that needs to be solved to achieve resource utilization or compliant discharge of aquaculture wastewater. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel, integrated physical-biological co-treatment device to improve particulate matter removal efficiency and optimize the wastewater treatment process. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wastewater treatment device with a simplified structure, controllable cost, and strong adaptability. This device treats aquaculture wastewater by leveraging the synergistic effects of physical interception and biological purification. Furthermore, it achieves a three-in-one purification efficiency for aquaculture wastewater—highly efficient decontamination, dynamic adaptation, and long-term operation—without requiring complex control, thus contributing to the sustainable development of the green aquaculture industry.

[0009] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0010] A synergistic sedimentation device for particulate matter in aquaculture tailwater based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush includes water-purifying plants, an ecological floating bed, and filter brushes.

[0011] The ecological floating bed has a hole in the center and elastic fixing rings around the edge of the hole for stable placement of permeable flower pots or planting baskets for planting water-purifying plants. The bottom of the hole has a grid partition. The four corners and the center of the four edges of the ecological floating bed have connection holes. The connection holes are flexibly connected to adjacent ecological floating beds through flexible connection rings to form floating islands.

[0012] Multiple filter brushes are vertically hung on the movable connecting rings on the lower surface of the ecological floating bed, and fixed below the ecological floating bed made of HDPE material. The roots of water purification plants extend to the brush area to form a composite biofilm.

[0013] The filter brush has a plastic hanging ring at the top, which connects to the movable connecting ring on the ecological floating bed. The filter brush consists of bristles and a brush shaft. The bristles are fixed on the outer surface of the brush shaft and are cylindrical in shape. The bristles adopt a gradient density design: the outer layer bristles have a diameter of 0.3-0.5mm and a spacing of 2-3mm, arranged sparsely in a radial pattern to form a "coarse filtration layer" that preferentially intercepts suspended solids with a particle size >50μm in the water. The inner layer bristles have a diameter of 0.1-0.2mm and a spacing of 1-1.5mm, which are densely wrapped to form a microfiltration adsorption layer, simultaneously capturing colloidal particles and dissolved organic matter through electrostatic adsorption.

[0014] The filter brush is fitted with a conical counterweight at the bottom, which is filled with quartz sand to keep the filter brush vertical in the water flow.

[0015] The technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] (1) Improve the purification effect of aquaculture wastewater, increase the water flow uniformity index from 0.6 in the traditional process to 0.85, and avoid local dead water areas; the particulate matter removal rate is about 82%, the total nitrogen removal rate is about 45%, the total phosphorus removal rate is about 49%, and the overall water purification efficiency is about 56% higher than that of a single module of ecological floating bed or filter brush, and make the treated wastewater meet the standards for reuse of aquaculture water.

[0017] (2) Reduced treatment costs: The annual operation and maintenance cost of this device is 40%-50% lower than that of the traditional tailwater treatment process with separate floating bed and brush arrangement, and the time for manual intervention is reduced by more than 60%.

[0018] (3) The floating bed-brush three-dimensional structure of the device forms a shading layer with a coverage of about 50% on the surface of the sedimentation tank water, reducing water surface evaporation caused by direct sunlight, and the evaporation is reduced by about 16% compared with the open-air tank. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological floating bed structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible connecting ring structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter brush structure of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific technical solution of this utility model is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the aquaculture wastewater particulate matter co-sedimentation device based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush includes a water-purifying plant 1, an ecological floating bed 2, a flexible connecting ring 3, and filter brushes 4. The PET filter brushes 4 are arranged at a rate of 40 brushes / m. 2 A uniform density of PE material is vertically fixed below the HDPE ecological floating bed 2 via a flexible connecting ring 3. Water-purifying plants 1, such as water spinach, water celery, canna lilies, and irises, are planted on the surface of the ecological floating bed 2, and their roots extend to the brush area to form a composite biofilm. When aquaculture wastewater passes through the brush layer, larger suspended particles are directly intercepted by the filter brushes 4; fine particles naturally settle due to the reduced flow rate in the gaps between the filter brushes 4. Simultaneously, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the roots of the water-purifying plants and the microbial biofilm attached to the surface of the filter brushes 4 synergistically degrade dissolved pollutants. This ultimately forms a three-dimensional purification network of floating bed and brushes.

[0025] Among them, ecological floating bed 2, etc. Figure 2 As shown, the ecological floating bed 2 is made of HDPE material, measuring 33cm in length, 33cm in width, and 6cm in height. A 20cm diameter hole is pre-drilled in the center of the frame, with elastic fixing rings 5 ​​around the edge for securely placing permeable flower pots or planting baskets. Lightweight soilless substrate can be placed inside the flower pots or planting baskets to support water-purifying plants. A mesh partition 6 is located at the bottom of the hole to prevent substrate from scattering and polluting the water. Plant roots can naturally descend into the water through the holes in the mesh partition 6 to absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, thus purifying the water. The four corners and the center of each of the four edges of the ecological floating bed 2 have connecting holes 7 with a 10mm diameter and a major axis of 80mm and a minor axis of 40mm. These connecting holes 7 have adjustable connecting rings 3 for flexible connection between adjacent ecological floating beds 2, allowing multiple ecological floating beds 2 to be flexibly combined into a large floating island. This enhances the overall resistance to wind and waves and allows for free expansion according to the water area.

[0026] 3-way connecting ring Figure 3 As shown, the plastic hinged connecting ring 3 is a key component for connecting the ecological floating bed and the filter brush, as well as for the rapid assembly and dynamic adjustment of the ecological floating bed 2 module. Its structural design balances connection strength and flexibility. The hinged connecting ring 3 is made of high-molecular polyethylene, and is circular in shape with an outer diameter of 7.8cm, an inner diameter of 7.2cm, and a thickness of 5mm. When multiple sets of ecological floating beds 2 are assembled, a 3-5mm gap is reserved between the plastic hinged connecting ring 3 and the edges of the connecting holes 7 at the four corners of the adjacent ecological floating bed 2, allowing the ring to swing slightly in wind and waves. This absorbs the impact force of water flow through elastic deformation, reducing the risk of frame cracking caused by rigid connections. At the same time, its hinged opening and closing structure allows for rapid installation and disassembly between the floating bed and the brush module.

[0027] Filter brush 4 Figure 4As shown, its structural design closely revolves around the needs of intercepting suspended solids in water, cultivating microbial attachment, and resisting water flow impact, employing a multi-level functional integrated modular structure. The top of the filter brush 4 is equipped with a plastic hanging ring 8, which connects to the movable connecting ring 3 on the ecological floating bed 2, and is vertically positioned at the bottom of the ecological floating bed 2, working in efficient synergy with the ecological floating bed 2. The main body of the filter brush 4 uses PET bristles 9 and a water-resistant plastic brush shaft 10 as its core materials. The bristles 9 are fixed to the outer surface of the brush shaft 10 through a hot-melt process, resulting in an overall cylindrical shape. The filter brush 4 has a diameter of 12cm, a length of 120cm, and an inner diameter of 2.8cm for the plastic hanging ring 8. The bristles 9 employ a gradient density design: the outer layer bristles have a diameter of 0.3-0.5mm and a spacing of 2-3mm, arranged sparsely in a radial pattern to form a "coarse filtration layer," preferentially intercepting suspended solids with a particle size >50μm in the water; the inner layer bristles have a diameter of 0.1-0.2mm and a spacing of 1-1.5mm, densely intertwined to form a "microfiltration adsorption layer," providing ample attachment space for nitrifying bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms, while simultaneously capturing colloidal particles and dissolved organic matter through electrostatic adsorption. In terms of maintenance, the brushes feature a quick-release modular design. When the biofilm on the bristle surface reaches its thickness limit or when too much suspended solids are trapped, the filter brush 4 can be quickly disassembled via the flexible connecting ring 3 for cleaning, replacement, and other tasks, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0028] For high-turbidity water, some filter brushes 4 are fitted with a conical counterweight cover 11 at the bottom. The cover has the same diameter as the filter brush 4, a height of 5cm, and is filled with quartz sand 12, weighing about 0.5kg. This keeps the filter brush 4 in a vertical position in the water flow, preventing the filtration efficiency from being affected by lateral swinging. At the same time, it guides the water flow to spiral upward along the brush body axis, extending the hydraulic residence time to 3-5s, increasing the contact time between the water and the brush bristles 9, and enhancing the pollutant interception effect.

[0029] This invention connects a filter brush to the bottom of an ecological floating bed via a flexible connecting ring, fixing it vertically beneath the floating bed to improve sedimentation efficiency in the sedimentation tank. This achieves efficient, adaptive, and low-consumption purification of aquaculture wastewater. The device utilizes the dynamic coupling of the ecological floating bed and the filter brush, along with the synergistic effect of physical interception and biodegradation, to achieve highly efficient decontamination of aquaculture wastewater. Furthermore, the device achieves balance through rigid connecting clips and a flexible drop structure, avoiding the use of complex anchors and exhibiting strong corrosion resistance. Therefore, this device overcomes the limitations of traditional processes with fragmented functions through a physical-biological synergistic purification mechanism, making it a highly efficient, economical, and reliable aquaculture wastewater treatment device. The device is characterized by its integrated structure, dynamic water level self-adaptation, and highly efficient synergistic purification mechanism. It also offers the following advantages: ① Significantly saves land resources, is easy to manage and move, and is both ecological and environmentally friendly. ② Convenient operation and maintenance, and its modular design can adapt to different pond shapes.

Claims

1. A synergistic settling device for particulate matter in aquaculture wastewater based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush, characterized in that, It includes water-purifying plants (1), ecological floating beds (2), and filter brushes (4); The ecological floating bed (2) has a hole in the center and an elastic fixing ring (5) at the edge of the hole for placing a permeable flower pot or planting basket to plant water-purifying plants (1). A grid partition (6) is provided at the bottom of the hole. Multiple filter brushes (4) are vertically hung on the movable connecting ring (3) on the lower surface of the ecological floating bed (2) and fixed below the ecological floating bed (2) made of HDPE material. The roots of the water purification plants (1) extend to the brush area to form a composite biofilm.

2. The aquaculture wastewater particulate matter co-sedimentation device based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filter brush (4) is provided with a plastic hanging ring (8) at the top, and the plastic hanging ring (8) is connected to the movable connecting ring (3) on the ecological floating bed (2).

3. The aquaculture wastewater particulate matter co-sedimentation device based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filter brush (4) includes bristles (9) and a brush shaft (10). The bristles (9) are fixed on the outer surface of the brush shaft (10) and are cylindrical in shape. The bristles (9) adopt a gradient density design: the outer layer bristles have a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm and a spacing of 2-3 mm, and are sparsely arranged radially to form a coarse filtration layer, which preferentially intercepts suspended solids with a particle size >50 μm in the water. The inner layer bristles have a diameter of 0.1-0.2 mm and a spacing of 1-1.5 mm, and are densely wrapped to form a microfiltration adsorption layer, which simultaneously captures colloidal particles and dissolved organic matter through electrostatic adsorption.

4. The aquaculture wastewater particulate matter co-sedimentation device based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filter brush (4) is fitted with a conical counterweight cover (11) at the bottom, which is filled with quartz sand (12) so that the filter brush (4) maintains a vertical posture in the water flow.

5. The aquaculture wastewater particulate matter co-sedimentation device based on a floating bed-type three-dimensional brush as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological floating bed (2) is provided with connection holes (7) at its four corners and the center of its four edges. The connection holes (7) are flexibly connected to the adjacent ecological floating bed (2) through the movable connecting ring (3) to form a floating island.

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