skew spring
By reprocessing symmetrical disc springs to form asymmetrical tilted disc springs, the problems of easy mold damage and poor anti-loosening performance are solved, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency anti-loosening effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 杨富云
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing disc springs are prone to mold damage during processing, resulting in high costs and poor anti-loosening performance, especially under vibration conditions.
Using a conventional symmetrical disc spring reprocessing method, external pressure is applied to one side to cause axial force, resulting in asymmetrical permanent deformation and forming a skewed disc spring structure without a symmetrical axis. Heat treatment is then used to set the shape, ensuring that the axial elastic force on the left and right sides is uneven.
It reduces the processing cost of the disc spring, improves the anti-loosening performance, effectively prevents the nut from loosening under vibration conditions, has a simple structure, low cost, is easy to disassemble, and can be reused.
Smart Images
Figure CN224326554U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of anti-loosening fasteners, and in particular to a method for processing an anti-loosening washer for a skewed disc spring, and a skewed disc spring processed by the method. Background Technology
[0002] Existing anti-loosening washers include a type of offset disc spring, such as the off-axis conical elastic washer described in Chinese patent ZL202322434464.0, commonly known as an "off-axis disc spring." This type of washer achieves anti-loosening through its structure. It includes a conical washer with a top smaller than its bottom, and the planes of the top and bottom are parallel to each other. Both the top and bottom are circular. Its key features are: the line connecting the center of the top and the center of the bottom is the off-axis of the disc spring; the axis of the top and the axis of the bottom are not the same; there is an angle between the axis of the bottom and the off-axis; the diameter of the top is larger than the diameter of the bolt thread, and the diameter of the bottom is larger than the diameter of the top; the off-axis is not perpendicular to either the top or the bottom, and its outer conical surface axial section is a straight line, an outwardly convex arc, or an inwardly convex arc.
[0003] When producing this type of tilted disc spring, an off-axis tapered washer is first stamped out, followed by quenching and tempering heat treatment. Important disc springs also undergo high-pressure treatment. To ensure reliable operation of the tilted disc spring, the material must possess high strength and yield strength, as well as high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness, plasticity, and good heat treatment processability. The off-axis tapered washer is already shaped during stamping or machining before heat treatment, and the heat treatment gives it elasticity. Its production process is the same as that of ordinary disc springs, except that the top and bottom of the coil are not aligned during stamping, hence the off-axis design. Due to this off-axis structure, the elastic force around the circumference of the tilted disc spring is uneven, with one side having a larger force and the other a smaller force, causing the nut to tilt and lock onto the bolt, preventing loosening.
[0004] The aforementioned off-axis disc spring requires the use of an eccentric upper die and an eccentric lower die during processing to stamp the disc spring. This processing method often results in mismatch between the upper and lower dies due to differences in sheet thickness and hardness, leading to die damage or flash on the product, ultimately resulting in high production costs and high costs for the produced disc springs.
[0005] In addition, ordinary disc springs are easy to process, have a symmetrical structure, and are not easily damaged by molds. However, because of their symmetrical structure, during assembly and use, the internal thread of the nut and the external thread of the bolt unfold to form two parallel inclined surfaces that mesh. This disc spring structure is prone to loosening of the nut's spiral when subjected to strong vibration after the nut and bolt have been pre-tightened, resulting in poor anti-loosening performance. Utility Model Content
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention aims to provide a method for processing a skewed disc spring that is easy to process, does not easily damage the mold, or is easier to machine and has low processing cost, as well as a skewed disc spring processed by this method that has very low cost.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a processing method for a skewed disc spring, which employs a reprocessing method for ordinary symmetrical disc springs, characterized in that:
[0008] During or after the processing of the ordinary symmetrical disc spring, external pressure is applied to force one side of the ordinary symmetrical disc spring to be subjected to axial force, resulting in asymmetrical permanent deformation formed in a free state. This causes a portion of that side to lose axial elasticity, thus satisfying the unequal axial elasticity on the left and right sides of the skewed disc spring. At this time, the width of the axial section of any conical sidewall of the disc spring is equal, and the top ring surface is not parallel to the bottom ring surface, but is tilted at an angle α, thus forming a skewed disc spring structure without a symmetry axis.
[0009] During the processing, that is, during the stamping of ordinary disc springs, one side of the disc spring is axially compressed by external force to become an asymmetrical disc spring structure that cannot be freely restored. Then, it undergoes heat treatment to make it elastically fixed.
[0010] After the processing, that is, on the already formed, heat-treated and shaped symmetrical ordinary disc spring, an axial external force is applied to compress it, so that the left and right sides form asymmetrical, shaftless, permanent, and non-recoverable elastic deformation.
[0011] According to the above-mentioned method for processing a skewed disc spring, the processed skewed disc spring is characterized in that: the greater the axial external force applied to one side of the ordinary disc spring, the greater the value of the angle α; conversely, the smaller the value of the angle α, the greater the degree of "skewness" of the skewed disc spring, satisfying 0.1°≤α≤30°, 1°≤α≤10°.
[0012] Within the elastic height range, the axial elastic force on the left and right sides of the aforementioned disc spring is asymmetrical, that is, the axial elastic force on one side is large and the axial elastic force on the other side is small.
[0013] The disc spring is made of elastic metal.
[0014] The elastic metal, including 50CrV, 51CrMnV, or 60Si2Mn, has a chemical composition that conforms to GB / T1222; it is processed from strips, plates, or forging materials that conform to GB / T1222 as specified in GB / T3279 and YB / T5058.
[0015] The processing technology of the ordinary disc springs conforms to the requirements of GB / T1972 or ISO19690.
[0016] When the aforementioned skewer spring is used in an anti-loosening threaded assembly, the other end of the bolt head is inserted into the threaded holes of the two fasteners respectively. The conical elastic washer described in this case, i.e., the skewer spring, is fitted onto the exposed bolt. Its bottom ring is in close contact with the surface around the threaded hole of the fastener, its inner ring is fitted onto the bolt, and its top ring is in close contact with the annular plane of the nut. The skewer spring is used to pre-tighten the spiral nut on the bolt and compress the nut between the skewer spring and the fastener.
[0017] The working principle of the skewed disc spring described in this case is as follows: After the nut is pre-tightened, the side of the skewed disc spring with greater elasticity will receive a much larger pre-tightening force than the other side. That is, the pre-tightening forces on the left and right sides of the skewed disc spring in this case are asymmetrical, with the pre-tightening force on the left being greater than that on the right. Because the pre-tightening force on the left is greater, the elastic force on the left side of the nut's annular plane is greater, and the elastic force on the right side of the nut's annular plane is smaller, or vice versa. This uneven force on the left and right sides of the nut causes the internal threads of the nut and the external threads of the bolt, which were originally parallel and meshing, to become significantly misaligned within their respective gap ranges. The nut's internal thread on the bolt's external thread will then become significantly misaligned due to the slight gap. The slanted disc spring utilizes its elastic force and tilting action to achieve a one-way rotational locking mechanism, preventing loosening. The side of the nut's annular plane experiencing greater elastic force causes the staggered teeth of the nut's internal threads to lock against the bolt's external threads, ensuring the nut can only be tightened and not loosened, thus preventing loosening. Secondly, by applying pre-tightening force to the nut, it prevents further vibration and pre-tightening in the pre-tightening direction, thus preventing the nut from rotating in either the left or right helical direction, preventing loosening of the threaded pair. Thirdly, because the slanted disc spring has axial elastic force, the pre-tightened nut, within the elastic range of the outer disc spring, can still provide axial anti-loosening. Therefore, the slanted disc spring described in this case provides three-dimensional anti-loosening.
[0018] Therefore, it can be seen that the skewed disc spring described in this case does not require replacement or alteration of the original bolts, nuts, or changes to the structure of the fastened components. Simply using the skewed disc spring between the nut and the fastened component, and after pre-tightening, it can achieve better anti-loosening performance than existing symmetrical disc springs. Its structure is simple, easy to use, and its anti-loosening performance is far better than that of existing pairs of symmetrical disc springs. Moreover, it only uses one skewed disc spring, saving half the cost, and it is easy to disassemble and reuse.
[0019] The processing method for a skewed disc spring described in this case bypasses the processing technology of using off-axis molds, which easily damages the molds. It directly processes a symmetrical, upright, ordinary disc spring during the processing stage, or processes a symmetrical, upright, ordinary disc spring into shape and then applies axial pressure through a press to squeeze a portion of one side of the ordinary disc spring, directly transforming the ordinary disc spring into an asymmetrical, shaftless skewed disc spring. This makes the processing technology easier, the symmetrical molds less prone to damage, and the machining does not require difficult eccentric machining, thereby reducing processing costs and the cost of the skewed disc spring, thus achieving the purpose of this utility model. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of the first embodiment of the tilting disc spring described in this utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view;
[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Oblique view;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a front view of the second type of the tilting disc spring described in this utility model;
[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Top view;
[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Oblique view;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a front view of the third type of tilting disc spring described in this utility model;
[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Top view;
[0028] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Oblique view;
[0029] Figure 10 This is a utility model Figures 1-9 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly and application of a tilting disc spring in an anti-loosening threaded pair.
[0030] In the picture:
[0031] 1. Nut 2. Bolt
[0032] 3. Bolt head 4. Threaded rod
[0033] 5. External threads on bolts 6. Internal threads on nuts
[0034] 7. Nut ring plane; 8. Upper fastener
[0035] 9. Lower fastener; 10. Screw hole
[0036] 11. Tilted disc spring 12. Ring top
[0037] 13. Conical elastic washer, also known as a "disc spring".
[0038] 14. Bottom of the ring 15. Outer conical surface
[0039] 16. Inner cone surface; 17. Right cone lateral side
[0040] 18. Left cone side; 19. Outwardly convex arc shape.
[0041] 20. Convex arc shape 21. Straight line shape
[0042] 22. The gap between the internal thread of the nut and the external thread of the bolt
[0043] α, The angle between the bottom face and the top face of the ring, where the dashed line represents the line parallel to the bottom of the ring passing through the top.
[0044] F represents the axial compressive force of the press. Detailed Implementation
[0045] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
[0046] This utility model Figures 1-10 The disc spring 11 mentioned above, specifically the conical elastic washer 13, is an asymmetrical disc spring washer, and their anti-loosening principle is the same.
[0047] This utility model discloses a method for processing a skewed disc spring 11. During or after the processing of a conventional symmetrical disc spring, external pressure is applied to force one side of the conventional symmetrical disc spring to undergo axial force, resulting in asymmetrical permanent deformation in a free state. This causes a portion of that side to lose axial elasticity, thereby satisfying the unequal axial elasticity on the left and right sides of the skewed disc spring. At this time, the width of the axial cross-section of any conical sidewall of the disc spring is equal, and the top ring 12 surface is not parallel to the bottom ring 14 surface, but is inclined at an angle α, thus forming a skewed disc spring 11 structure without a symmetry axis.
[0048] The processing methods for ordinary symmetrical disc springs are as specified in GB / T1972 or ISO19690.
[0049] During the processing, that is, during the stamping of ordinary disc springs, a portion of one side is axially squeezed by the axial extrusion force F of a press such as a punch press or hydraulic press. This allows the right conical side 17 of the disc spring to be subjected to an external force axially. Furthermore, the axial extrusion force F of the press is greater than the yield strength of the deformed part of the disc spring, causing it to become permanently shorter and forming an asymmetrical disc spring 11 structure that cannot be freely restored. Then, it undergoes heat treatment to make it elastically fixed.
[0050] After the processing, the symmetrical ordinary disc spring that has been formed and shaped after heat treatment is axially pressed on one side by a punch press or hydraulic press, so that the left and right sides form asymmetrical, shaftless, permanent, and non-recoverable elastic deformation.
[0051] The asymmetrical disc spring 11 produced by the two methods during and after the processing process has an asymmetrical axial elastic force on its left and right sides within the same elastic height range, that is, the axial elastic force on the left side is large and the axial elastic force on the right side is small.
[0052] Figures 1-3 In this design, a type of tilting disc spring 11 is specifically a conical elastic washer 13. The top 12 of the ring is circular, and the bottom 14 is also circular, but the circular top 12 and the circular bottom 14 are not coaxial. The axial section line of the outer conical surface 15 of the tilting disc spring 11 is a straight line 21, and the axial section line of the inner conical surface 16 is also a straight line 21. The thickness between the outer conical surface 15 and the inner conical surface 16 is uniform and equal. The right conical side 17 and the left conical side 18 are not of equal height, and the taper of the right conical side 17 and the left conical side 18 is also different, but the width and thickness of the conical ring are the same. The angle α between the bottom surface and the top surface of the ring is a dashed line passing through the top of the ring and parallel to the bottom of the ring. The value of α is such as 0.1°, 1°, 5°, 10°, or 30°. The value of angle α represents the degree of "twisting" of the disc spring, satisfying 0.1°≤α≤30° and 1°≤α≤10°. Following the direction of arrow F in the diagram, applying the axial compressive force F of the press causes a portion of the disc spring to undergo permanent elastic deformation. Beyond the elastic limit, the larger the axial compressive force F, the larger the value of angle α, and the more tilted the top of the coil 12; conversely, the smaller the value of angle α, the closer the top of the coil 12 and the bottom of the coil 14 are to being parallel. The value of angle α represents the degree of "twisting" of the disc spring 11, satisfying 0.1°≤α≤30° and 1°≤α≤10°.
[0053] The skewed disc spring 11 is made of elastic metal.
[0054] The elastic metal, including 50CrV, 51CrMnV, or 60Si2Mn, has a chemical composition that conforms to GB / T1222; it is processed from strips, plates, or forging materials that conform to GB / T1222 as specified in GB / T3279 and YB / T5058.
[0055] The manufacturing process of ordinary symmetrical disc springs conforms to the requirements of GB / T1972 or ISO19690.
[0056] Figure 1 and Figure 10 The right half of the diagram is a sectional view. Figure 1 The left half of the image is the left half of the front view.
[0057] Figures 4-6 In the middle, the top ring 12 is higher on the left and lower on the right. The two circular surfaces of the top ring 12 and the bottom ring 14 are not parallel. The axial section of the tilting disc spring 11 is an outwardly convex arc shape 19. Other structures are similar to... Figures 1-3 The principles are the same, so I won't go into detail here.
[0058] Figures 7-9 In the disc spring 11, the axial section line of the inner conical surface 16 is an inwardly convex arc shape, that is, the outer conical surface 15 is an inwardly concave arc shape and the inner conical surface 16 is an inwardly convex arc shape. Other structures are the same as... Figures 1-3 They are the same, and the principles are the same.
[0059] Figure 10 The diagram shows the assembly and application of the tilting disc spring 11 described in this utility model in an anti-loosening threaded pair. The tilting disc spring 11 in the diagram can also be replaced with... Figures 1-3 ,or Figures 7-9 The conical elastic washers 13 described herein, namely "tilting springs" 11, are passed through the screw holes 10 of the lower fastener 9 and the upper fastener 8. The tilting springs 11 described in this utility model are fitted onto the exposed bolt threads 5. The bottom 14 of the ring contacts the surrounding surface of the screw hole 10 of the upper fastener 8, and the top 12 of the ring contacts the annular plane 7 of the nut. The nut 1 is pre-tightened, and the installation is completed.
[0060] When the disc spring 11 is compressed by the nut 1, the compression thickness on the right side is smaller than that on the left side, and the springback force on the right side is smaller than that on the left side. This uneven springback force causes the inner thread 6 of the nut on the top ring 12 to tilt onto the outer thread 5 of the bolt. This results in the nut tilting fully within the allowable gap 22 between the inner thread and the outer thread of the bolt. The uneven axial springback force on the left and right sides creates a sawtooth-shaped thread with staggered peaks and valleys. As the preload increases, the friction between the two becomes very high, thus preventing loosening. The preloaded nut 1 is then tightly locked onto the bolt 4 of the bolt 2, preventing it from turning back or loosening.
[0061] Another method of using the tilting disc spring 11 of this utility model is as follows: insert the screw 4 of the bolt 2 into the inner ring of the tilting disc spring 11 of this utility model, with the top 12 of the ring close to the inner side of the bolt head 3, and the bottom 14 of the ring in close contact with the surface around the screw hole 10 of the upper fastener 8. Screw the external thread 5 of the bolt into the screw hole 10 with internal thread of the lower fastener 9, pre-tighten, and the installation is complete. The installation method is simple, and ordinary technicians can install and implement it according to the above description, so the figure is omitted.
[0062] The type of skewed disc spring 11 described in this case, to ensure the reliable operation of the anti-loosening washer, requires its material to possess not only high tensile strength and yield strength, but also high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness, plasticity, and good heat treatment processability. In practice, spring steel is the most widely used material, including carbon spring steel, low-manganese spring steel, silicon-manganese spring steel, chromium-vanadium steel, and stainless steel. The degree of "skewness" of the disc spring, i.e., the magnitude of the α value, the diameter of the top and bottom of the coil, the thickness of the cone surface, and the material selection must fully consider its application, importance, the nature and magnitude of the load it will bear, its cyclic characteristics, operating temperature, surrounding medium, corrosion resistance, anti-magnetic properties, and other operating conditions, as well as factors such as processing, heat treatment, and economics, to ensure that the selection result matches the actual requirements. Its manufacturing process is the same as that of a disc spring, except that the top 12 and bottom 14 of the ring are not aligned during stamping, i.e., it is shaftless. Due to the shaftless asymmetrical structure, the left and right elastic forces of the tilted disc spring 11 are unequal, i.e., one side has a larger elastic force and the other side has a smaller elastic force. This allows the nut 1 to be fully tilted and locked onto the bolt 2 within the allowable range of movement of the gap 22 between the nut's internal thread and the bolt's external thread, preventing it from loosening. This method of processing a tilted disc spring is not well known. It has good anti-loosening performance, simple structure, easy production, low cost, and convenient use. It can be repeatedly disassembled and reused without replacing the original bolt 2 and nut 1. Simply adding the tilted disc spring 11 of this utility model can achieve the purpose of preventing loosening. Experiments have also proven that this is feasible. At the same time, practical operation has also proven that the processing method of the tilted disc spring described in this utility model makes it less likely to damage the mold when processing the tilted disc spring 11, or makes machining easier, reducing processing costs. Consequently, the cost of the processed tilted disc spring 11 is also reduced.
[0063] The terms "front" and "rear"; "large" and "small"; "high" and "low"; "inner" and "outer"; "left" and "right"; "up" and "down"; "upward" and "downward"; "convex" and "concave"; "long" and "short" used in this utility model to indicate orientation, area, position, or aspect are based on the orientation, area, position, or direction shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description. In actual applications, the orientation, position, or direction can be interchanged, rotated, or reversed. They do not indicate or imply that the device or part referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. The terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, an integrated connection can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood through the specific circumstances.
[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A tilting disc spring, characterized in that: External pressure is used to force one side of the ordinary symmetrical disc spring to be subjected to axial force, resulting in asymmetrical permanent deformation in the free state, causing the part on that side to lose axial elastic force, so as to satisfy the uneven axial elastic force on the left and right sides of the skewed disc spring. At this time, the width of the axial section of any conical sidewall of the disc spring is equal, the top ring surface is not parallel to the bottom ring surface, and it is tilted at an angle a, thus forming a skewed disc spring (11) structure without a symmetry axis.
2. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial force of the skewed disc spring (11) is compressed on one side to form an asymmetrical structure that cannot be freely restored. Then, it is heat-treated to make it elastically fixed.
3. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skewed disc spring (11) is asymmetrical, shaftless, permanent, and non-recoverable elastically deformable.
4. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value of angle a is in the range of 0.1°≤a≤10°, and the value of angle a represents the degree of "twisting" of the skewed disc spring (11).
5. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The asymmetrical structure formed by the skewed disc spring (11) during and after processing has an asymmetrical axial elastic force on its left and right sides within the elastic height range, i.e., the axial elastic force on one side is large and the axial elastic force on the other side is small.
6. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disc spring (11) is made of elastic metal.
7. The tilting disc spring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic metal, including 50CrV, 51CrMnV, or 60Si2Mn, has a chemical composition that conforms to GB / T1222; it is processed from strips, plates, or forging materials that conform to GB / T1222 as specified in GB / T3279 and YB / T5058.
8. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing process of the ordinary symmetrical disc springs conforms to the requirements of GB / T1972 or ISO19690.
9. The tilting disc spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the skewed disc spring (11) is used in the anti-loosening threaded pair, the screw (4) at the other end of the bolt head (3) is inserted into the screw holes (10) of the two fasteners respectively, and a conical elastic washer (13) is fitted on the exposed screw (4), that is, the skewed disc spring (11). Its bottom (14) is in close contact with the surrounding surface of the screw hole (10) of the fastener (8), its inner ring is fitted on the screw (4), and its top (12) is in close contact with the nut ring plane (7). The skewed disc spring (11) is between the screw nut (1) on the pre-tightening bolt (2) and the compression nut (1) and the fastener (8).