Battery cell, battery device, and electric device

Abstract

The application provides a battery monomer, a battery device and a power utilization equipment, and solves the problem of how to improve the impregnation efficiency of an electrode tab in the prior art. The battery monomer comprises a shell and a battery electrode tab, and the battery electrode tab comprises a current collector and an active layer. The active layer is arranged on at least one surface of the current collector. The surface of the active layer away from the current collector has a plurality of recesses arranged at intervals, and the inner wall surface of the recess is an arc curved surface.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This application claims Chinese Patent No. 2025202538135, filed on February 18, 2025, entitled “Electrode Production Apparatus and Battery Production System”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of battery electrode processing technology, and in particular to a battery cell, battery device and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0004] In related technologies, increasing the compaction density of positive and negative electrodes can improve the energy density of lithium batteries, but this will reduce the wetting efficiency of the electrodes. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main technical problem addressed by this application is to provide a battery cell, a battery device, and an electrical device, thereby solving the problem of how to improve the wetting efficiency of the electrode sheets in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the first technical solution provided by this application is: to provide a battery cell, the battery cell including a shell and a battery electrode, the battery electrode including a current collector and an active layer; the active layer is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector; wherein, the surface of the active layer away from the current collector has a plurality of recesses spaced apart, and the inner wall surface of the recess is an arc-shaped curved surface.

[0007] In this embodiment, the surface of the battery electrode of the battery cell is designed with multiple spaced recesses, which can increase the surface area of ​​the battery electrode and thus improve the wetting efficiency.

[0008] In some embodiments, the surface of the active layer away from the current collector is wavy, with multiple alternating peaks and troughs; the troughs are depressions.

[0009] In this embodiment, the surface of the battery electrode is wavy, which can increase the surface area of ​​the battery electrode, thereby improving wetting efficiency and heat dissipation efficiency; secondly, the wavy surface can compensate for the slight fluctuations in the thickness of the battery electrode by adjusting the height of the peaks and troughs, thereby improving the overall thickness consistency of the battery electrode.

[0010] In some embodiments, the spacing between two adjacent peaks is 0.5~2mm.

[0011] In this embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent peaks is 0.5~2mm, so as to select appropriate peak and trough heights, so that the electrode has a suitable surface texture, which increases the surface area of ​​the battery electrode and helps to improve the overall thickness uniformity of the battery electrode.

[0012] In some embodiments, the distance from the highest point of the peak to the lowest point of the trough along the thickness direction of the active layer is 10~20um.

[0013] In this embodiment, the distance from the highest point of the peak to the lowest point of the trough is 10~20um, which gives the battery electrode a suitable surface texture. This increases the surface area of ​​the battery electrode and helps to improve the overall thickness uniformity of the battery electrode.

[0014] In some embodiments, there are two active layers, namely a first active layer disposed on one surface of the current collector and a second active layer disposed on the other surface of the current collector, wherein the wavy shape of the surface of the first active layer away from the current collector and the wavy shape of the surface of the second active layer away from the current collector are mirror images of each other.

[0015] In this embodiment, the surfaces on opposite sides of the electrode are mirror images of each other in a wavy shape, which can maximize the surface area of ​​the battery electrode and facilitate the adjustment of the overall thickness consistency of the battery electrode.

[0016] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the second technical solution provided in this application is: to provide a battery device. The battery device includes the aforementioned battery cell.

[0017] In this embodiment, the battery device includes the aforementioned battery cell, and therefore the battery device has the same technical effects as the aforementioned battery cell.

[0018] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a housing having a chamber in which one or more battery cells are housed.

[0019] In this embodiment, the battery housing can protect individual battery cells and also facilitates the assembly of multiple battery cells together.

[0020] In some embodiments, the housing includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion overlapping each other to define a receiving space for accommodating individual battery cells.

[0021] In this embodiment, the first part and the second part together define a receiving space for accommodating the battery cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second part is a hollow structure with one end open, the first part is a plate-like structure, and the first part covers the open side of the second part.

[0023] or,

[0024] Both the first and second parts are hollow structures with an opening on one side, and the opening side of the first part covers the opening side of the second part.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first part covers the opening side of the second part so that the first part and the second part together define the receiving space.

[0026] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the third technical solution provided in this application is: to provide an electrical device. The electrical device includes the aforementioned battery device.

[0027] In this embodiment, the electrical device includes the battery device described above, and therefore the electrical device has the same technical effects as the battery device described above. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the electrical equipment provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the battery device provided in this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery electrode sheet according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the battery production system provided in this application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode production apparatus provided in the embodiment of this application in the first vibration mode and the structure of the electrode;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of an embodiment of the rolling mechanism, driving mechanism and control circuit in the battery production system provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point K;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode production apparatus in the second vibration mode and the structure of the electrode provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode production apparatus provided in the embodiment of this application in the third vibration mode and the structure of the electrode.

[0039] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0040] 100. Battery production system; 1. Electrode production device; 10. Rolling mechanism; 10A. First roll; 11. Roll body; 12. Eccentric rotor; 10B. Second roll; 20. Traction mechanism; 30. Drive mechanism; 40. Control circuit; 50. Coating mechanism; 60. Drying mechanism; 2. Electrode; 3. Battery assembly device; 4. Battery assembly; 410. Battery cell; 41. Connecting component; 42. Cover plate; 43. Terminal post; 44. Safety valve; 45. Electrode assembly; 46. Housing; 421. Box; 421A. First part; 421B. Second part; 47. Battery electrode; 471. Current collector; 472. Active layer; 4720. Recess; 472A. First active layer; 472B. Second active layer; 5. Electrical components; A. Vibration amplitude; λ. Spacing. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures, interfaces, and technologies are presented for illustrative purposes rather than for limiting purposes, in order to provide a thorough understanding of this application.

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," and "third" in this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movements between components in a specific orientation (as shown in the figures). If the specific orientation changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0045] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0046] In the production process of battery electrodes, high solid density is one of the important ways to improve the energy density of battery cells. Existing cold rolling processes have reached their limits under different material systems such as graphite, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary lithium, but the breakage rate of electrodes remains high under extreme cold rolling processes.

[0047] In related technologies, the electrode sheets are typically rolled by pressure rollers and then vibrated by vibrating rollers. This method involves a complex process and limited production efficiency.

[0048] To address the problem of improving electrode compaction density in existing technologies, this application provides an electrode production apparatus, including a rolling mechanism. The rolling mechanism includes a first roll and a second roll arranged opposite to each other for rolling the electrode. At least one of the first roll and the second roll is a vibrating roll. In this embodiment, at least one roll in the rolling mechanism is configured as a vibrating roll. During the rolling process, the vibrating roll can release stress within the electrode, resulting in tighter contact between the materials inside the electrode, thereby improving the compaction density.

[0049] See Figure 1This application provides an electrical device, which includes a battery device 4.

[0050] Electrical equipment can include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles. Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft. Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys. Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers. For ease of explanation, the following examples use vehicles as an example of electrical equipment.

[0051] In some embodiments, the electrical device further includes an electrical component 5. A battery device 4 is electrically connected to the electrical component 5. The battery device 4 provides electrical power to the electrical device, enabling the electrical component 5 to operate.

[0052] The power-consuming device 5 can be an electrical component or device; the power-consuming device 5 can be a controller and electronic components, etc. The controller can be a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0053] In some examples, the electrical equipment can be a vehicle, and the electrical component 5 can be the vehicle's lights (e.g., headlights, taillights, etc.), display screen, dashboard, control system (e.g., controller), etc. The vehicle may also include a frame, with both the battery device 4 and the electrical component 5 mounted on the vehicle body.

[0054] See Figure 2 This application embodiment also provides a battery device 4, which includes a battery cell 410.

[0055] The battery device 4 may also include a housing 421, which has a chamber in which one or more battery cells 410 are housed. The battery housing 421 serves to protect the battery cells 410 and facilitates the assembly of multiple battery cells 410 together. The shape of the battery housing 421 can be specifically set as needed; for example, the shape of the battery housing 421 can be cylindrical, rectangular, etc.

[0056] The housing 421 can adopt various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 421 may include a first part 421A and a second part 421B, which overlap each other, and together define a receiving space for accommodating the battery cell 410. The second part 421B may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 421A may be a plate-like structure, with the first part 421A covering the open side of the second part 421B so that the first part 421A and the second part 421B together define the receiving space; the first part 421A and the second part 421B may also be hollow structures with one side open, with the open side of the first part 421A covering the open side of the second part 421B.

[0057] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a battery cell 410. The battery cell 410 includes a housing 46 and a battery electrode 47; the battery electrode 47 includes a current collector 471 and an active layer 472; the active layer 472 is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector 471; wherein, the surface of the active layer 472 away from the current collector 471 has a plurality of spaced recesses 4720, and the inner wall surface of the recesses 4720 is an arc-shaped curved surface.

[0058] The battery cell 410 can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell 410 that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell 410 can include, but is not limited to, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc.

[0059] The housing 46 has a communicating cavity and a mounting port. The housing 46 is a hollow structure and can be made of metal or plastic; for example, it can be made of copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc. The outer wall of the housing 46 has a ring-shaped structure. The outer wall of the housing 46 encloses and forms a communicating cavity. The cross-section of the housing 46 can be rectangular, triangular, rhomboid, etc. The housing 46 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.

[0060] The battery cell 410 may include an electrode assembly 45 and a cover plate 42. The cover plate 42 is connected to the housing 46 and covers the mounting opening.

[0061] The number of electrode assemblies 45 can be one or more; the electrode assemblies 45 are installed within the cavity of the housing 46. During the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 410, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the anode and cathode electrodes. The separator can, to some extent, prevent short circuits between the anode and cathode electrodes while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0062] The battery cell 410 may also include a safety valve 44 (also known as a pressure relief valve), two terminals 43, and two connecting members 41 (also known as current collectors). The safety valve 44 may be mounted on the cover plate 42, for example, the safety valve 44 is fixed to the cover plate 42. The safety valve 44 is actuated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 410 reaches a threshold to release the internal electrolyte, thereby reducing the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 410. For example, the safety valve 44 can be a temperature-sensitive valve, a pressure-sensitive valve, etc. The two terminals 43 may be mounted on the cover plate 42, and the two terminals 43 are respectively a positive terminal 43 and a negative terminal 43. Each terminal 43 is connected to a corresponding connecting member 41. The connecting member 41 is located between the cover plate 42 and the electrode assembly 45, and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 45 and the terminal 43.

[0063] Battery electrode 47 is the region in the battery cell 410 where electrochemical reactions take place, and it is divided into positive electrode and negative electrode. During charging and discharging, lithium ions (or other ions) move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, generating current.

[0064] The current collector 471 is divided into a positive current collector and a negative current collector.

[0065] In some examples, aluminum foil is typically used as the positive current collector. Aluminum foil has good conductivity and corrosion resistance, and can effectively collect and transport electrons.

[0066] In some examples, copper foil is often used as the negative current collector. Copper foil has better conductivity and is suitable for use as the negative electrode.

[0067] The active layer 472 is divided into a positive active layer and a negative active layer.

[0068] The positive electrode active layer includes lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ternary materials (such as NCM and NCA), and lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). These materials can insert and extract lithium ions, thereby enabling the charging and discharging process.

[0069] The negative electrode active layer includes graphite, silicon-based materials, lithium titanate (LTO), etc.

[0070] When the battery electrode 47 is a positive electrode, the current collector 471 is a positive current collector and the active layer 472 is a positive active layer; when the battery electrode 47 is a negative electrode, the current collector 471 is a negative current collector and the active layer 472 is a negative active layer.

[0071] The battery electrode 47 may also include an adhesive used to adhere the active material particles in the active layer 472 to the current collector 471, ensuring that they do not detach during charging and discharging. Commonly used adhesives include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), etc.

[0072] The battery electrode 47 may also include a conductive agent, which is used to improve the conductivity of the active layer 472 and reduce internal resistance. Commonly used conductive agents include carbon black (Super P), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene.

[0073] The active layer 472 can be disposed on one surface of the current collector 471, or on two opposite surfaces of the active layer 472. This embodiment mainly uses the example of coating the active layer 472 on both sides of the current collector 471 for illustration.

[0074] Due to the first roll 10A (see...) Figure 6 ) and the second roll 10B (see Figure 6 All are cylindrical. During the vibration of the roll, the contact surface between the active layer 472 and the surface of the roll body 11 forms an arc-shaped depression 4720.

[0075] In this embodiment, the surface of the battery electrode 47 is designed as a plurality of spaced arc-shaped depressions 4720, which can increase the surface area of ​​the battery electrode 47 and thus improve the wetting efficiency. Moreover, the arc-shaped depressions 4720 can be directly formed by rolling with the electrode production apparatus 1 of this application via the rolling mechanism 10, which is simple and has high production efficiency.

[0076] In some embodiments, the surface of the active layer 472 away from the current collector 471 is wavy, with multiple alternating peaks and troughs; the troughs are depressions 4720.

[0077] A peak is the highest point on a periodic fluctuation or surface. A trough is the lowest point on a periodic fluctuation or surface.

[0078] In this embodiment, the surface of the battery electrode 47 is wavy, which can increase the surface area of ​​the battery electrode 47, thereby improving the wetting efficiency and heat dissipation efficiency; secondly, the wavy surface can adjust the slight fluctuations in the thickness of the battery electrode 47 by adjusting the height of the peaks and troughs, thereby improving the overall average thickness consistency of the battery electrode 47.

[0079] In some embodiments, the spacing λ between two adjacent peaks is 0.5~2mm.

[0080] In this embodiment, the spacing λ between two adjacent peaks is 0.5~2mm, so as to select appropriate peak and trough heights, so that the electrode 2 has appropriate surface texture, which increases the surface area of ​​the battery electrode 47 and helps to improve the overall average thickness consistency of the battery electrode 47.

[0081] In some embodiments, the distance from the highest point of the wave crest to the lowest point of the wave trough along the thickness direction of the active layer 472 is 10~20 μm. That is, the vibration amplitude A is 10~20 μm.

[0082] In this embodiment, the distance from the highest point of the peak to the lowest point of the trough is 10~20um, which makes the battery electrode 47 have a suitable surface texture. While increasing the surface area of ​​the battery electrode 47, it is also beneficial to improve the overall thickness uniformity of the battery electrode 47.

[0083] In some embodiments, there are two active layers 472, namely a first active layer 472A disposed on one surface of the current collector 471 and a second active layer 472B disposed on the other surface of the current collector 471. The wavy shape of the surface of the first active layer 472A away from the current collector 471 is a mirror image of the wavy shape of the surface of the second active layer 472B away from the current collector 471.

[0084] A mirror image is a symmetrical mapping of an object or shape relative to a plane (mirror).

[0085] In this embodiment, the surfaces of opposite sides of the electrode 2 are wavy and mirror images of each other, which can maximize the surface area of ​​the battery electrode 47 and facilitate the adjustment of the overall thickness consistency of the battery electrode 47.

[0086] like Figure 5 As shown, this application also provides a battery production system 100, including an electrode production apparatus 1 and a battery assembly apparatus 3; the battery assembly apparatus 3 is used to assemble the electrode 2 prepared by the electrode production apparatus 1 into a battery cell 410.

[0087] The battery production system 100 is used to prepare battery cells 410.

[0088] In some embodiments, the battery assembly apparatus 3 may also include structures such as an electrode cutting mechanism (not shown), a winding mechanism (not shown), a casing mechanism (not shown), and a liquid injection mechanism (not shown).

[0089] The electrode cutting mechanism performs various cutting and slitting processes on the electrode to be processed, so that the electrode to be processed is shaped into a battery electrode 47 for manufacturing a battery cell 410. The electrode to be processed can be an electrode 2 produced by the electrode production device 1.

[0090] In some examples, the electrode cutting mechanism cuts the continuously produced elongated electrode sheets 2 to predetermined dimensions, obtaining battery electrode sheets 47 that meet the design requirements of the battery cell 410 in terms of length and width. The cut electrode sheets 2 then enter a winding or stacking process to form an electrode assembly 45.

[0091] For cylindrical or pouch cell 410, the winding mechanism is responsible for sequentially stacking and winding the anode electrode, separator, and cathode electrode into a tight cylindrical or pouch-like structure to form the electrode assembly 45. For prismatic cell, a stacking method may be used instead of winding.

[0092] The housing mechanism inserts the wound or stacked electrode assembly 45 into the pre-prepared housing 46, fixes its position, and seals it to prevent the external environment from affecting the performance of the battery cell 410.

[0093] The electrolyte injection mechanism injects an appropriate amount of electrolyte into the housing 46. The electrolyte acts as an ion transport medium in the battery cell 410, allowing ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes, thereby realizing the charging and discharging process.

[0094] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electrode production apparatus 1, which includes a rolling mechanism 10; the rolling mechanism 10 includes a first roll 10A and a second roll 10B arranged opposite to each other for rolling the electrode 2; wherein, at least one of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B is a vibrating roll.

[0095] The rolling mechanism 10 is used to calender the electrode sheet 2. During the rolling process, the electrode sheet 2 is located in the gap between the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B. Calendering refers to applying mechanical pressure to the material through one or more pairs of rotating rolls, causing plastic deformation of the material, thereby changing its thickness, density, and surface properties. In the manufacturing process of the battery cell 410, calendering is used to further compact the coated and dried electrode sheet 2 to improve its performance.

[0096] Each roll includes a roll body 11, which is the main structure of the roll. The surface of the main structure is typically cylindrical. The roll body 11 is mounted on a rotating shaft (not shown in the figure), and the two ends of the rotating shaft can be connected to transmission devices, such as gears, chains, or belts, so that the roll body 11 can be driven to rotate by an external motor.

[0097] A vibratory roller is a mechanical structure that compacts materials by generating periodic vibrations. The vibratory roller uses vibrational energy to rearrange the particles in the compacted material, eliminating air gaps and thus increasing the material's density. A vibratory roller can both rotate and vibrate, and can vibrate while rotating.

[0098] In some examples, one of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B is a vibrating roll. Using a vibrating roll to increase the compaction density of the electrode 2 can simplify the structure and control of the rolling mechanism 10.

[0099] In other examples, both the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are vibrating rolls. The two vibrating rolls can produce a synergistic effect, further improving the compaction effect of the electrode 2, that is, increasing the upper limit of the compaction density of the electrode 2. For example, when both the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are vibrating rolls, the vibration directions of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are opposite.

[0100] The first roll 10A and the second roll 10B can be the same size or different. For example, the larger roll can provide a larger contact area, while the smaller roll can be used for faster response or more precise control. Alternatively, one roll may have a smooth surface, while the other has a textured surface, resulting in different dimensions for the two rolls.

[0101] In some examples, the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are the same size (i.e., have the same radius), and the surfaces of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are both smooth.

[0102] In this embodiment, at least one roller in the rolling mechanism 10 is configured as a vibrating roller. The vibrating roller can release the stress in the electrode 2 during the rolling process, making the contact between the materials inside the electrode 2 closer, thereby improving the compaction density.

[0103] In some embodiments, the radii of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are 700-800 mm.

[0104] The radii of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B can be 700mm, 720mm, 740mm, 760mm, 780mm or 800mm, etc.

[0105] In some examples, the radius of the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B is 750 mm.

[0106] In this embodiment, because the vibrating roller in the rolling mechanism 10 both rotates and vibrates during the rolling of the electrode 2, the pressure exerted by the vibrating roller on the electrode 2 under the same pressure is greater than that of a roller that only rotates without vibration. Choosing a roller radius of 700-800mm is beneficial for increasing the contact area between the electrode 2 and the roller, enabling more effective pressure distribution, reducing the pressure per unit area, and thus lowering the risk of damage to the electrode 2 due to excessive compression.

[0107] In some embodiments, the first roll 10A is located above the second roll 10B in the vertical direction, and only the first roll 10A is a vibrating roll.

[0108] The vertical direction can be the direction of gravity. Positioning the vibrating roller above electrode 2 allows the operator to easily observe the vibration patterns on the surface of electrode 2 (see...). Figure 8 ).

[0109] In other embodiments, the first roll 10A may be located below the second roll 10B along the vertical direction, and only the first roll 10A is a vibrating roll.

[0110] In this embodiment, the vibrating roller is positioned above the electrode 2, utilizing gravity to help the electrode 2 better adhere to the second roller 10B, thereby improving the compaction effect. Simultaneously, it also helps reduce the lateral displacement of the electrode 2 as it passes through the vibrating roller.

[0111] In some embodiments, the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B can be arranged in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the direction of gravity; that is, the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B are arranged one on the left and one on the right. In other embodiments, the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B can also be arranged in other directions.

[0112] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the electrode production apparatus 1 further includes a traction mechanism 20, a drive mechanism 30, and a control circuit 40; the traction mechanism 20 is used to traction the electrode 2, so that the electrode 2 is transmitted within the gap between the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B; the drive mechanism 30 is connected to the rolling mechanism 10 and is used to drive the first roll 10A to rotate while vibrating in the vertical direction; the control circuit 40 is electrically connected to the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30 respectively; wherein, the control circuit 40 is used to control the belt speed of the electrode 2 to be 50~110m / min through the traction mechanism 20, and to control the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A to be 500Hz~3400Hz through the drive mechanism 30.

[0113] The traction mechanism 20 provides a stable traction force and belt speed for the electrode 2 to ensure uniform tension of the electrode 2 during transmission and prevent wrinkles or breakage.

[0114] The traction mechanism 20 may further include traction rollers, which are components that directly contact the electrode 2 and drive the electrode 2 to move. The traction rollers may be used in pairs, consisting of two or more upper and lower rollers, and the electrode 2 is pulled forward by the friction between these rollers. There may be multiple traction mechanisms 20.

[0115] The traction roller can be rubber-coated to increase friction with the electrode 2 and prevent slippage. Alternatively, the traction roller can be a metal roller with a special texture or coating, suitable for electrode 2 made of specific materials.

[0116] The traction mechanism 20 may also include a drive motor that powers the traction roller. It can be a servo motor or a stepper motor, capable of providing precise speed and position control to ensure that the electrode 2 moves at a predetermined speed and path.

[0117] The traction mechanism 20 may also include a guide device to ensure that the electrode 2 moves along the correct path, reducing deviation or entanglement. The guide device may be a fixed guide rail, a guide wheel, or an adjustable guide plate.

[0118] The drive mechanism 30 is connected to the rolling mechanism 10 and can provide power to the first roll 10A and the second roll 10B to rotate them and roll the electrode sheet 2.

[0119] The drive mechanism 30 may include a drive motor (not shown) that provides power to the rolls. The drive motor may be an AC motor, a DC motor, a servo motor, or a stepper motor. The drive motors that power the traction roll and the rolls are different to facilitate precise control of their rotational speeds.

[0120] The drive mechanism 30 may also include a speed reducer (not shown), which converts the high-speed rotation of the drive motor into a low-speed, high-torque output suitable for the rolls. The selection of the speed reducer needs to be optimized based on the required speed ratio and torque requirements. The speed reducer can be a gear reducer, a worm gear reducer, or a planetary gear reducer, etc.

[0121] The drive mechanism 30 may also include a coupling (not shown), which connects the drive motor and the reducer, or connects the reducer and the rotating shaft (i.e., the roll shaft) that drives the roll to rotate, transmitting torque and compensating for minor alignment errors between the two shafts. The coupling may be a rigid coupling, a flexible coupling, or a universal joint coupling, etc.

[0122] The drive mechanism 30 may also include a transmission system (not shown). The transmission system can be a belt drive, transmitting the power of the drive motor to the roll shaft via a belt. Alternatively, it can be a chain drive, transmitting the power of the drive motor to the roll shaft via a chain. Or, it can be a gear drive, directly transmitting the power of the drive motor to the roll shaft via gears. The transmission system is selected based on actual requirements.

[0123] The control circuit 40 connects the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30, and coordinates their operation. The control circuit 40 consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware includes various sensors, controllers, actuators, etc., while the software includes control algorithms and user interfaces.

[0124] The sensor can be at least one of a speed sensor, tension sensor, position sensor, and temperature sensor. The speed sensor monitors the speed of the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30 in real time to ensure synchronized operation. The tension sensor monitors the tension of the electrode 2 during transport to prevent damage or deformation caused by excessive tightness or looseness. The position sensor monitors the position of the electrode 2 to ensure it maintains the correct path during transport and rolling. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the drive motor, reducer, and other critical components to prevent overheating damage.

[0125] The controller system includes a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a motion controller, and a variable frequency drive (VFD). The PLC, as the core control unit, receives signals from sensors and issues commands to the actuators according to preset control logic, regulating the operation of the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30. The motion controller is specifically designed to control the movement of the drive motor, enabling precise speed, position, and torque control. The VFD regulates the speed of the drive motor, ensuring that the speeds of the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30 can be flexibly adjusted according to production requirements.

[0126] Control algorithms can include PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control, fuzzy control, and adaptive control. PID control achieves precise control of speed, tension, and position by adjusting three parameters: proportional, integral, and derivative. Fuzzy control, based on fuzzy logic, can achieve good control results in uncertain and complex environments. Adaptive control automatically adjusts control parameters according to the dynamic changes of the system to ensure optimal control performance.

[0127] The user interface includes a touchscreen, providing an interface for operators to interact with the control system, facilitating the setting and monitoring of production processes.

[0128] In some examples, the control circuit 40 can receive information from sensors, such as parameters like the thickness, speed, and tension of the electrode 2, and adjust the actions of the traction mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30 based on this information to ensure that the produced electrode 2 meets predetermined specifications and quality standards. Furthermore, the control circuit 40 may also include safety protection mechanisms, such as automatically stopping the equipment when an abnormality is detected.

[0129] The belt travel speed of electrode 2 refers to the speed at which the traction mechanism 20 drives electrode 2 to move.

[0130] The vibration frequency of a rolling mill roll refers to the number of periodic vibrations that occur during its operation.

[0131] In this embodiment, the conveyor speed of electrode 2 is 50~110m / min, which provides a suitable moving speed for electrode 2, facilitating the preparation of electrode 2 and the control of production rhythm. Secondly, the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A is selected to be 500Hz~3400Hz, which helps to eliminate stress in electrode 2, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration and minimizing the springback of electrode 2's thickness, thus contributing to improving the compaction density of electrode 2.

[0132] In some embodiments, the control circuit 40 is further configured to control the belt speed of the electrode 2 and the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A to satisfy: the belt speed of the electrode 2 is 50~70m / min and the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A is 500Hz~2000Hz; or the belt speed of the electrode 2 is 70~90m / min and the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A is 700Hz~2800Hz; or the belt speed of the electrode 2 is 90~110m / min and the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A is 840Hz~3400Hz.

[0133] The belt speed of electrode 2 and the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A will affect the size of the grooves (i.e., patterns) on the surface of electrode 2. The appropriate grooves should be selected according to actual needs.

[0134] In this embodiment, the belt speed of the electrode 2 is correlated with the vibration frequency of the first roll 10A to prevent resonance and ensure the stability and quality of the electrode 2 during the rolling process.

[0135] In some embodiments, the control circuit 40 is further configured to control the vibration amplitude A of the first roll 10A to be 10~20µm via the drive mechanism 30.

[0136] The vibration amplitude A of the first roll 10A can be 10um, 12um, 14um, 16um, 18um, 20um, etc.

[0137] The vibration amplitude A of the vibrating roller is related to the amplitude of the ripples generated on the surface of the electrode 2. The vibration amplitude A of the vibrating roller is 10~20um, which is reflected in the distance from the highest point of the peak to the lowest point of the trough in the ripples being 10~20um.

[0138] In this embodiment, by controlling the vibration amplitude A of the first roller 10A to be 10~20um, more obvious vibration marks are generated on the surface of the electrode 2, increasing the surface area of ​​the electrode 2, thereby improving the wetting efficiency.

[0139] In some embodiments, the first roll 10A includes a roll body 11 and a plurality of eccentric rotors 12; the plurality of eccentric rotors 12 are disposed within the roll body 11.

[0140] The first roll 10A has a cavity or channel inside the roll body 11 specifically designed to accommodate multiple eccentric rotors 12, so as to ensure that the eccentric rotors 12 can rotate freely and will not interfere with each other during operation.

[0141] At the core of each eccentric rotor 12 is an eccentric mass block, that is, a mass block whose center of mass is not on the axis of rotation. When the eccentric rotor 12 rotates, centrifugal force is generated due to the mass imbalance, which causes vibration. That is, when the eccentric rotor 12 rotates, the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric mass block will exert a periodic force on the roller 11, thereby causing the roller 11 to vibrate.

[0142] Eccentric rotors 12 are mounted on independent rotating shafts, which are supported by bearings and fixed to the inner wall of the roller body 11. That is, the eccentric rotors 12 and the roller body 11 are mounted on different rotating shafts. The position or angle of the eccentric rotors 12 can be adjusted manually or automatically to change the vibration amplitude A and vibration frequency. The centrifugal forces of multiple eccentric rotors 12 will superimpose, forming complex vibration modes. By rationally designing the number, position, and rotation speed of the eccentric rotors 12, the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude A can be controlled to adapt to different compaction requirements.

[0143] In some examples, there are four eccentric rotors 12. The four eccentric rotors 12 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the roller body 11. In the direction of gravity, the eccentric directions of two oppositely arranged eccentric rotors 12 are aligned (see...). Figure 6 Alternatively, in the direction of gravity, the two eccentric rotors 12 are positioned with their eccentric directions facing each other (see...). Figure 9Alternatively, in the direction of gravity, the eccentric directions of two eccentric rotors 12 arranged opposite each other are successively inclined clockwise, while the eccentric directions of two eccentric rotors 12 arranged opposite each other are successively inclined counterclockwise (see...). Figure 10 ).

[0144] The eccentric direction of the eccentric rotor 12 refers to the direction in which the eccentric mass block deviates from the axis of rotation. This direction determines the direction of the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric rotor 12 during rotation.

[0145] In the direction of gravity, the two eccentric rotors 12 are eccentric in the same direction, resulting in a larger vibration amplitude A of the vibrating roller. In the direction of gravity, the two eccentric rotors 12 are eccentric in opposite directions, resulting in a smaller vibration amplitude A of the vibrating roller due to the cancellation of opposing centrifugal forces. That is, by adjusting the eccentricity of the two eccentric rotors 12 in the direction of gravity, the cancellation and gain of centrifugal forces can be adjusted, thereby modulating the vibration energy.

[0146] In this embodiment, a plurality of eccentric rotors 12 are provided inside the first roll 10A so as to use the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the eccentric rotors 12 to make the first roll 10A vibrate periodically, thereby generating vibration marks on the surface of the electrode 2 during the rolling process.

[0147] In some embodiments, the rolling mechanism 10 is a cold rolling mechanism 10.

[0148] In this embodiment, the rolling mechanism 10 is a cold-pressing rolling mechanism. Due to the milder operating conditions, the thickness, density, and surface quality of the electrode 2 are easier to control, resulting in better consistency between different batches of products. Secondly, this embodiment integrates vibration and cold pressing into the rolling mechanism 10, which simplifies the structure and facilitates the processing flow of the electrode 2. In addition, it can reduce the rebound rate of the electrode 2 after conventional cold pressing, thereby improving the thickness consistency of the cold-pressed electrode 2 after rebound.

[0149] In some embodiments, the electrode production apparatus 1 further includes a coating mechanism 50 and a drying mechanism 60; the coating mechanism 50 is used to coat the current collector 471 to obtain the electrode 2; the drying mechanism 60 is disposed upstream of the rolling mechanism 10 and is used to dry the electrode 2.

[0150] The coating mechanism 50 can be a doctor blade coater, using a doctor blade of fixed width to control the coating thickness. The coating thickness can be precisely controlled by adjusting the gap between the doctor blade and the current collector 471. Alternatively, the coating mechanism 50 can be a slot die coater, using a slot nozzle to uniformly coat the slurry onto the current collector 471. This coating method achieves higher precision and better thickness consistency. Finally, the coating mechanism 50 can be a rotary coater, suitable for continuous production, using a rotating roller to uniformly distribute the slurry onto the surface of the current collector 471.

[0151] The drying unit 60 rapidly evaporates the solvent in the electrode 2 through heating and ventilation, ensuring the coating dries and improving adhesion.

[0152] The coating mechanism 50 and the drying structure work together to not only improve production efficiency, but also enhance the quality and consistency of the electrode 2.

[0153] In this embodiment, the electrode 2 is cold-pressed after drying, which makes the material properties more stable during the rolling process of the electrode 2 and more compatible with subsequent processes.

[0154] The above are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that, Includes a housing and battery electrodes, wherein the battery electrodes include: current collector; An active layer is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector; The active layer has multiple spaced recesses on the surface away from the current collector, and the inner wall of the recesses is an arc-shaped curved surface. The number of active layers is two, namely a first active layer disposed on one surface of the current collector and a second active layer disposed on the other surface of the current collector, wherein the wavy shape of the surface of the first active layer away from the current collector and the wavy shape of the surface of the second active layer away from the current collector are mirror images of each other.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the active layer away from the current collector is wavy, with multiple alternating peaks and troughs; the troughs are the depressions.

3. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between two adjacent peaks is 0.5~2mm.

4. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the active layer, the distance from the highest point of the peak to the lowest point of the trough is 10~20um.

5. A battery device, characterized in that, Includes the battery cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The battery device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery device also includes a housing having a chamber in which one or more of the battery cells are housed.

7. The battery device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The housing includes a first part and a second part, which overlap each other to define a space for accommodating the battery cells.

8. The battery device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second part is a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part is a plate-like structure, which covers the opening side of the second part; or, Both the first part and the second part are hollow structures with an opening on one side, and the opening side of the first part covers the opening side of the second part.

9. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery device according to any one of claims 5-8.

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