Neutron tube with self-protection
By introducing a heat dissipation system and a radio frequency ion source into the neutron tube, combined with a pressure gauge and a neutron output adjustment head, the problems of overheating damage to the neutron tube and low neutron beam generation efficiency are solved, achieving self-protection and flexible output neutron beam adjustment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHAANXI QINZHOU NUCLEAR & RADIATION SAFETY TECHNONLOY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
Smart Images
Figure CN224329620U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of neutron tube technology, specifically to a neutron tube with self-protection function. Background Technology
[0002] A neutron tube is a device used to generate neutrons. As a green, environmentally friendly, and safe neutron source, it is increasingly used in situations where neutrons are needed, thanks to increased environmental awareness and higher safety standards. However, there are still some shortcomings in its practical application.
[0003] In practical use, neutron tubes often suffer damage to the target holder and target material structure due to overheating, which can lead to dangerous accidents such as fire and explosion in severe cases. However, the common cooling method of continuously running tap water has problems such as poor heat dissipation protection and water waste. Furthermore, it has poor functionality, poor neutron beam generation efficiency, and difficulty in adjusting the output angle. Based on this, we propose a new type of neutron tube with self-protection function. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a neutron tube with self-protection function to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a neutron tube with self-protection function, comprising a body, wherein an ion generation chamber, an electrode acceleration chamber, a vacuum reaction chamber, and a target holder are arranged sequentially from right to left inside the body; a single-cell ion source cavity is uniformly arranged inside the ion generation chamber, and a radio frequency ion source is installed inside the single-cell ion source cavity; a high-voltage electric field is uniformly arranged inside the electrode acceleration chamber; a vacuum pump and a pressure gauge are sequentially installed at the top of the vacuum reaction chamber; a target element is fixed inside the target holder; a heat dissipation pipe assembly is arranged inside the side wall of the target holder, the heat dissipation pipe assembly including annular heat exchange pipes and vertical heat exchange pipes; a water-cooled box is installed at the bottom of the body; temperature sensors are installed on both the water-cooled box and the target holder; a semiconductor cooling chip and a fan are installed on the water-cooled box; a solenoid valve and a water pump are sequentially installed between the heat dissipation pipe assembly and the water-cooled box; a neutron output adjustment head matching the target element is installed at one end of the target holder, and a guide output window is uniformly arranged on the neutron output adjustment head.
[0006] Preferably, there are 6 monomer ion source cavities, which are arranged at equal angles on the ion generation chamber.
[0007] Preferably, two high-voltage electric fields are provided, and the inner wall of the electrode acceleration chamber is provided with an ethylene propylene rubber insulation layer.
[0008] Preferably, the target element is in the form of a thin sheet, and the target element is fixed to the target holder by a radiation-resistant adhesive.
[0009] Preferably, the annular heat exchange tubes are arranged at equal intervals inside the sidewall of the target holder, and the vertical heat exchange tubes are connected between adjacent annular heat exchange tubes.
[0010] Preferably, one end of the neutron output adjustment head is fixed with a threaded retainer that is threadedly connected to the target base.
[0011] Preferably, both the guide output window and the outer wall of the body are provided with a boron polyethylene shielding layer.
[0012] Preferably, a shielding cover is snapped onto the guide output window.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0014] (1) The neutron tube with self-protection function optimizes its performance by installing a target holder, etc. The cooling system consisting of heat dissipation tube group, semiconductor cooling chip, temperature sensor, water pump and water cooling box will dissipate heat from the target holder and target element, solve the problem of the target material generating a lot of heat in the reaction, and avoid the device damage caused by overheating. In the specific heat dissipation process, the cooling surface of the semiconductor cooling chip embedded in the water cooling box will cool the water coolant, and the temperature sensor on the water cooling box will monitor the water coolant temperature in real time. When the preset value is reached, the solenoid valve and water pump will start and drive the water coolant to flow between the heat dissipation tube group on the target holder and the water cooling box. The heat dissipation tube group, including the annular heat exchange tube and the vertical heat exchange tube, expands the heat exchange area and realizes the heat conduction and heat dissipation effect. During the entire heat dissipation process, the temperature sensor installed on the target holder will report the temperature of the target holder near the target element. If the cooling effect is not obvious, it indicates that it is in an overheating danger state. At this time, the controller on the outer wall of the machine will control the emergency stop, thus enabling the device to achieve a better self-protection function.
[0015] (2) The neutron tube with self-protection function is equipped with radio frequency ion sources, so that when the device is actually operated, on the one hand, by setting the traditional single ion source structure to an ion generation chamber composed of six single ion source cavities equipped with radio frequency ion sources, the amount of tritium ion generation can be increased and a high-concentration integrated ion generation and export function can be realized. On the other hand, by arranging two continuous high-voltage electric fields inside the electrode acceleration chamber, compared with a single electric field structure, the two graded electrode acceleration processes weaken the harmful target flow caused by the large acceleration amount during a single acceleration process, thus optimizing the safety of electrode acceleration.
[0016] (3) The neutron tube with self-protection function is equipped with a pressure gauge, etc., so that when the device is used, on the one hand, the pressure gauge can detect the vacuum state inside the vacuum reaction chamber and, together with the vacuum pump, regulate the vacuum state of the reaction environment inside the vacuum reaction chamber. In this way, the reaction can be maintained in a high vacuum environment through the vacuum reaction chamber, reducing the collision between ions and gas molecules and ensuring the nuclear reaction effect. On the other hand, the user can open the shielding cover on the corresponding position of the guide output window on the neutron output adjustment head according to the angle and direction requirements of the neutron output. This allows the neutron beam emitted from the target element to be output in a specific direction through the opened guide output window. This allows the direction of the output neutron beam to be flexibly adjusted according to the user's needs. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional view of the ion generation chamber of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the heat dissipation pipe assembly of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a side view sectional structural diagram of the target mount of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the neutron output adjustment head of this utility model.
[0022] In the diagram: 1. Neutron output regulating head; 2. Vacuum reaction chamber; 3. Vacuum pump; 4. Pressure gauge; 5. Electrode acceleration chamber; 6. Radio frequency ion source; 7. Ion generation chamber; 8. High voltage electric field; 9. Main body; 10. Heat dissipation tube assembly; 11. Target holder; 12. Single ion source cavity; 13. Vertical heat exchange tube; 14. Solenoid valve; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. Semiconductor cooling chip; 17. Water pump; 18. Water-cooled box; 19. Fan; 20. Annular heat exchange tube; 21. Target element; 22. Guide output window; 23. Threaded retainer; 24. Shielding cover. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0024] Please see Figure 1-5One embodiment of this utility model is a neutron tube with self-protection function, which includes a body 9. The body 9 has an ion generation chamber 7, an electrode acceleration chamber 5, a vacuum reaction chamber 2 and a target holder 11 arranged from right to left inside the body 9.
[0025] The ion generation chamber 7 is uniformly provided with single-unit ion source cavities 12, and a radio frequency ion source 6 is installed inside the single-unit ion source cavity 12.
[0026] Six single-unit ion source cavities 12 are provided, and the single-unit ion source cavities 12 are arranged at equal angles on the ion generation chamber 7.
[0027] In use, by setting the traditional single ion source structure as an ion generation chamber 7 composed of six individual ion source cavities 12 equipped with radio frequency ion sources 6, the amount of tritium ion generated can be increased and a high-concentration integrated ion generation and export function can be realized.
[0028] A high-voltage electric field 8 is uniformly arranged inside the electrode acceleration chamber 5;
[0029] Two high-voltage electric fields 8 are provided, and the inner wall of the electrode acceleration chamber 5 is provided with an ethylene propylene rubber insulation layer.
[0030] In use, by arranging two continuous high-voltage electric fields 8 inside the electrode acceleration chamber 5, compared with a single electric field structure, the two-stage electrode acceleration processes weaken the harmful target flow caused by the large acceleration amount during a single acceleration process, thus optimizing the safety of electrode acceleration.
[0031] A vacuum pump 3 and a pressure gauge 4 are installed sequentially at the top of the vacuum reaction chamber 2, and a target element 21 is fixed inside the target holder 11.
[0032] The target base 11 has a heat dissipation pipe assembly 10 inside its side wall. The heat dissipation pipe assembly 10 includes annular heat exchange pipe 20 and vertical heat exchange pipe 13. A water-cooled box 18 is installed at the bottom of the body 9. Temperature sensors 15 are installed on both the water-cooled box 18 and the target base 11. A semiconductor cooling chip 16 and a fan 19 are installed on the water-cooled box 18. A solenoid valve 14 and a water pump 17 are installed between the heat dissipation pipe assembly 10 and the water-cooled box 18.
[0033] During use, the pressure gauge 4 can detect the vacuum state inside the vacuum reaction chamber 2 and, together with the vacuum pump 3, regulate the vacuum state of the reaction environment inside the vacuum reaction chamber 2. Thus, the vacuum reaction chamber 2 can maintain the reaction in a high vacuum environment, reduce collisions between ions and gas molecules, and ensure the effectiveness of the nuclear reaction.
[0034] In use, a neutron output adjustment head 1 that matches the target element 21 is installed at one end of the target holder 11, and guide output windows 22 are evenly arranged on the neutron output adjustment head 1.
[0035] The target element 21 is in the form of a thin sheet and is fixed to the target holder 11 by a radiation-resistant adhesive.
[0036] The annular heat exchange tubes 20 are arranged at equal intervals inside the side wall of the target holder 11, and the vertical heat exchange tubes 13 are connected between adjacent annular heat exchange tubes 20.
[0037] One end of the neutron output regulating head 1 is fixed with a threaded retainer 23 that is threadedly connected to the target base 11;
[0038] Both the guide output window 22 and the outer wall of the body 9 are provided with a boron polyethylene shielding layer;
[0039] A shielding cover 24 is snapped onto the output window 22;
[0040] When in use, the user can open the shielding cover 24 that is snapped on the corresponding position of the guide output window 22 on the neutron output adjustment head 1 according to the required angle and direction of the neutron output. This allows the neutron beam escaping from the target element 21 to be output in a specific direction through the opened guide output window 22, which allows the direction of the output neutron beam to be flexibly adjusted according to the user's needs.
[0041] A controller is installed on the outer wall of the machine body 9.
[0042] In this embodiment, the following steps are taken: An external power supply is used to generate tritium ions through the radio frequency ion source 6 inside the ion generation chamber 7. These ions then enter the high-voltage electric field 8 inside the electrode acceleration chamber 5 to accelerate. The accelerated tritium ions have sufficient energy to undergo a nuclear reaction with the target element 21 on the target holder 11. Specifically, when high-speed tritium ions collide with the target element 21, a DD or DT reaction occurs, releasing neutrons. During this process, the vacuum reaction chamber 2 maintains the reaction in a high-vacuum environment, reducing collisions between ions and gas molecules, ensuring the effectiveness of the nuclear reaction, and facilitating heat dissipation. The cooling system, consisting of tube assembly 10, thermoelectric cooler 16, temperature sensor 15, water pump 17, and water-cooled box 18, dissipates heat from the target holder 11 and target element 21. This addresses the issue of excessive heat generated by the target material during the reaction, preventing damage to the device due to overheating. Specifically, the cooling surface of the thermoelectric cooler 16 embedded inside the water-cooled box 18 cools the coolant, while the temperature sensor 15 on the water-cooled box 18 monitors the coolant temperature in real time. Simultaneously, the fan 19 cools the heat-generating surface of the thermoelectric cooler 16. This temperature control prevents the cooling surface from becoming too hot during the operation of the semiconductor cooling structure, thus improving heat dissipation efficiency. When the preset value is reached, the solenoid valve 14 and the water pump 17 will start, driving the coolant to flow between the heat exchange tube assembly 10 and the water cooling box 18 on the target holder 11. The heat exchange tube assembly 10, including the annular heat exchange tube 20 and the vertical heat exchange tube 13, expands the heat exchange area and achieves heat conduction and heat dissipation. Throughout the heat dissipation process, the temperature sensor 15 installed on the target holder 11 will provide feedback on the position of the target element 21 inside the target holder 11. If the temperature is not significantly reduced, it indicates that the device is in a dangerous overheating state. At this time, the controller on the outer wall of the device 9 will control an emergency stop, thus enabling the device to achieve a better self-protection function. Furthermore, the user can open the shielding cover 24 that is snapped onto the corresponding position of the guide output window 22 on the neutron output adjustment head 1 according to the required angle and direction of the neutron output. This allows the neutron beam escaping from the target element 21 to be output in a specific direction through the opened guide output window 22, which allows the direction of the output neutron beam to be flexibly adjusted according to the user's needs.
Claims
1. A neutron tube with self-protection function, characterized in that, The device includes a body (9), inside which, from right to left, are arranged an ion generation chamber (7), an electrode acceleration chamber (5), a vacuum reaction chamber (2), and a target holder (11). The ion generation chamber (7) contains uniformly arranged single-unit ion source chambers (12), and a radio frequency ion source (6) is installed inside the single-unit ion source chamber (12). The electrode acceleration chamber (5) contains uniformly arranged high-voltage electric fields (8). A vacuum pump (3) and a pressure gauge (4) are installed sequentially at the top of the vacuum reaction chamber (2). A target element (21) is fixed inside the target holder (11), and a heat dissipation tube assembly (10) is arranged inside the sidewall of the target holder (11). The heat dissipation tube assembly (10) includes an annular heat exchange tube (20) and a vertical heat exchange tube (13). A water-cooled box (18) is installed at the bottom of the body (9). Temperature sensors (15) are installed on both the water-cooled box (18) and the target base (11). A semiconductor cooling chip (16) and a fan (19) are installed on the water-cooled box (18). A solenoid valve (14) and a water pump (17) are installed between the heat dissipation tube assembly (10) and the water-cooled box (18). A neutron output adjustment head (1) matching the target element (21) is installed at one end of the target base (11). Guide output windows (22) are evenly arranged on the neutron output adjustment head (1).
2. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 6 single-cell ion source cavities (12), which are arranged at equal angles on the ion generation chamber (7).
3. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two high-voltage electric fields (8) are provided, and the inner wall of the electrode acceleration chamber (5) is provided with an ethylene propylene rubber insulation layer.
4. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target element (21) is in the form of a thin sheet and is fixed to the target base (11) by a radiation-resistant adhesive.
5. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular heat exchange tubes (20) are arranged at equal intervals inside the side wall of the target base (11), and the vertical heat exchange tubes (13) are connected between adjacent annular heat exchange tubes (20).
6. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the neutron output adjustment head (1) is fixed with a threaded clasp (23) that is threadedly connected to the target base (11).
7. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the guide output window (22) and the outer wall of the body (9) are provided with a boron polyethylene shielding layer.
8. A neutron tube with self-protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding cover (24) is snapped onto the guide output window (22).