An unmanned aerial vehicle intelligent battery management board

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, specifically an intelligent battery management board for UAVs. It includes a circuit board body, on which a chipset and an interface group are integrated. The chipset and interface group are connected and distributed on the front side of the circuit board body. The interface group includes a front interface and a rear interface, with the front interface located on the front of the circuit board body and the rear interface located on the back. A management board switch is also provided on the circuit board body, and the management board switch is connected to the chipset. This utility model enables high-precision battery status monitoring and possesses powerful system control and management capabilities, high reliability and stability, convenient data management and analysis capabilities, and efficient and flexible communication capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and is a kind of intelligent battery management board for UAVs. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the drone industry has flourished, with increasingly widespread applications in both civilian and industrial sectors. From aerial filming for movies and television to large-scale agricultural operations and even "last mile" delivery, drones are ubiquitous. However, the stable flight and operational duration of drones are highly dependent on battery performance and management. Early battery management systems were relatively simple, possessing only basic overcharge and over-discharge protection functions. With technological advancements, today's battery management systems are evolving towards more complex functions such as multi-parameter monitoring, intelligent charge and discharge control, and battery balancing management to meet the stringent requirements of efficient battery utilization and safety assurance in various application scenarios.

[0003] In existing drone battery management boards, common architectures are as follows: For battery status detection, basic detection chips are often used. For example, some products only use a simple voltage monitoring chip to obtain the total battery voltage; cell voltage measurement is often done through a voltage divider circuit combined with a common analog-to-digital converter chip. Current detection often uses a single-ended series sampling resistor paired with an operational amplifier, relying on the voltage difference across the sampling resistor to calculate the current value. Battery on / off switching is achieved by the front-end chip directly controlling an internal or external MOSFET. Data storage typically relies on volatile memory. For communication, simple serial communication is often used to connect to the host computer.

[0004] The existing technology has many shortcomings: (1) Poor detection accuracy: basic voltage and current detection methods are difficult to accurately capture key parameters such as the total voltage, cell voltage and current of the battery. This leads to a deviation in the judgment of the actual state of the battery, which affects the prediction of the flight performance of the UAV and is not conducive to the accurate assessment of the remaining service life of the battery.

[0005] (2) Weak anti-interference capability: In the existing technology, the battery switching is directly controlled by the front-end chip to control the built-in or external MOSFET. The high current loop and the control circuit share the same ground, which is easily affected by power noise coupling. The transient of MOS switching may cause ground bounce noise, leading to malfunction. The lack of electrical isolation makes the system sensitive to ESD / surge. In high-frequency PWM scenarios, the gate drive is easily affected by crosstalk.

[0006] (3) Data processing and transmission issues: The data storage method of volatile memory makes it impossible to effectively retain historical battery data, which is not conducive to subsequent data analysis and maintenance. The low speed of simple serial communication is prone to stuttering when transmitting large amounts of data, and under the complex electromagnetic interference during the flight of the UAV, the data is very easy to be erroneous or lost, affecting the stability and reliability of the system.

[0007] (4) Inadequate interface design: The interface types and layouts of existing battery management boards lack universality. This makes operation inconvenient when connecting batteries of different specifications or external devices, limiting the application of battery management boards on different models of UAVs. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides an intelligent battery management board for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0010] This application provides a smart battery management board for a drone, including a circuit board body. The circuit board body integrates a chipset and an interface group, which are connected to each other. The chipset is distributed and connected to the front of the circuit board body. The interface group includes a front interface and a back interface. The front interface is located on the front of the circuit board body, and the back interface is located on the back of the circuit board body. The circuit board body also has a management board switch, which is connected to the chipset.

[0011] Preferably, the chipset includes a front-end chip, a main control chip, a current detection chip, a data storage chip, and a CAN communication chip. The front-end chip, the current detection chip, and the data storage chip are respectively connected to the periphery of the main control chip, and the CAN communication chip is connected to both the main control chip and the data storage chip.

[0012] Preferably, the front interface includes a 16P blade interface, a serial port interface, an SWD interface, and a CAN interface. The 16P blade interface and the CAN interface are both connected to the CAN communication chip. The 16P blade interface outputs positive and negative terminals to the battery management board through a power pin. The positive terminal is connected to the current detection chip. A high-side sampling resistor is connected between the current detection chip and the 16P blade interface. The negative terminal is connected to the management board switch. The serial port interface and the SWD interface are interconnected and connected together to the main control chip.

[0013] Preferably, the rear interface includes a balance interface and a power supply interface. The power supply interface is connected to the battery. The positive terminal of the power supply interface is connected to the high-side sampling resistor, and the negative terminal is connected to the low-side sampling resistor and then connected to the front-end chip through the low-side sampling resistor. The balance interface is connected between the front-end chip and the battery.

[0014] Preferably, the management board switch is an optocoupler MOS switch, which is composed of an optocoupler and a MOS transistor connected in series. The optocoupler is connected to the main control chip, and the MOS transistor is connected to a 16P blade interface.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model provides an intelligent battery management board for drones, which has the following advantages:

[0016] (1) Overcome the limitations of traditional voltage and current detection methods and achieve high-precision measurement of key parameters such as total battery voltage, cell voltage and current.

[0017] (2) Improve the battery on / off control design to solve the power noise coupling caused by the common ground of the high current loop and the control circuit, the ground bounce noise caused by the transient of the MOS switch, the ESD / surge sensitivity problem, and the gate drive crosstalk in the high frequency PWM scenario, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0018] (3) Optimize data storage and communication mechanisms to ensure the reliability of data storage and achieve high-speed and stable data interaction with the host computer.

[0019] (4) Design a reasonable interface layout and type to facilitate the connection of various batteries and external devices, thereby enhancing the product's versatility and expandability.

[0020] The features and advantages of this utility model will be described in detail through embodiments and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a circuit connection diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of the circuit board of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the circuit board of this utility model;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Circuit board body; 2. Chipset; 3. Interface group; 4. Management board switch; 5. High-side sampling resistor; 6. Low-side sampling resistor; 21. Front-end chip; 22. Main control chip; 23. Current detection chip; 24. Data storage chip; 25. CAN communication chip; 31. Front interface; 32. Rear interface; 311. 16P blade interface; 312. Serial port interface; 313. SWD interface; 314. CAN interface; 321. Balanced interface; 322. Power supply interface; 41. Optocoupler; 42. MOSFET. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit its scope. Furthermore, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this utility model.

[0026] See Figures 1-3 This application provides a smart battery management board for a drone, including a circuit board body 1. The circuit board body 1 integrates a chipset 2 and an interface group 3. The chipset 2 and the interface group 3 are connected. The chipset 2 is distributed and connected to the front of the circuit board body 1. The interface group 3 includes a front interface 31 and a back interface 32. The front interface 31 is located on the front of the circuit board body 1, and the back interface 32 is located on the back of the circuit board body 1. The circuit board body 1 is also provided with a management board switch 4, which is connected to the chipset 2.

[0027] Specifically, the chipset 2 includes a front-end chip 21, a main control chip 22, a current detection chip 23, a data storage chip 24, and a CAN communication chip 25. The front-end chip 21, the current detection chip 23, and the data storage chip 24 are respectively connected to the peripheral side of the main control chip 22, and the CAN communication chip 25 is connected to the main control chip 22 and the data storage chip 24 respectively.

[0028] Specifically, the front interface 31 includes a 16P blade interface 311, a serial port interface 312, an SWD interface 313, and a CAN interface 314. The 16P blade interface 311 and the CAN interface 314 are both connected to the CAN communication chip 25. The 16P blade interface 311 outputs positive and negative terminals to the battery management board through a power pin. The positive terminal is connected to the current detection chip 23. A high-side sampling resistor 5 is connected between the current detection chip 23 and the 16P blade interface 311. The negative terminal is connected to the management board switch 4. The serial port interface 312 and the SWD interface 313 are interconnected and connected together to the main control chip 22.

[0029] Specifically, the rear interface 32 includes a balance interface 321 and a power supply interface 322. The power supply interface 322 is connected to the battery. The positive terminal of the power supply interface 322 is connected to the high-side sampling resistor 5, and the negative terminal is connected to the low-side sampling resistor 6 and connected to the front-end chip 21 through the low-side sampling resistor 6. The balance interface 321 is connected between the front-end chip 21 and the battery.

[0030] Specifically, the management board switch 4 is an optocoupler MOS switch, which is composed of an optocoupler 41 and a MOS transistor 42 connected in series. The optocoupler 41 is connected to the main control chip 22, and the MOS transistor 42 is connected to the 16P blade interface 311.

[0031] In a particular implementation method,

[0032] (1) Front-end chip: The Jiche DVC1006 is selected as the front-end chip. This chip is highly integrated and has voltage sensing channels and current sensing channels, which can simultaneously measure battery voltage and charging / discharging current. It is equipped with a 15-bit ΣΔADC (VADC) and a 16-bit ΣΔADC (CADC), which can continuously and accurately measure information such as battery voltage, battery temperature and charging / discharging current in the battery pack, and communicate with the main control chip through the SPI communication interface.

[0033] (2) Main control chip: The STM32F103C8T6 enhanced microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core is used as the main control chip. The chip has a maximum clock frequency of 72MHz, abundant peripheral resources, and strong computing power. It is mainly responsible for receiving the battery status signal after it has been processed by the front-end chip, and performing in-depth analysis and processing to achieve accurate monitoring of the total battery voltage, cell voltage, current, and charging / discharging status. At the same time, the main control chip controls the operating logic of the battery management board, such as executing power on / off commands based on button operations, and managing key functions such as data storage and communication.

[0034] (3) Current detection chip: The circuit board integrates an INA226 chip, which is specifically used to assist in the detection of battery voltage and current. The chip has high-precision voltage and current measurement capabilities, can independently measure the battery voltage and current, and transmit the measurement results to the main control chip via I2C. By working in conjunction with the front-end chip and the main control chip, dual detection and calibration of battery voltage and current can be achieved, significantly improving the detection accuracy.

[0035] (4) Management board switch: Optocoupler MOS switch is adopted. The control signal is isolated from the power MOS by optocoupler, which effectively avoids high voltage noise interference and thus improves the reliability of the system. The MOS transistor is HYG015N10NS1TA from Huayi Microelectronics. Its internal resistance is only 1.2mR. The low internal resistance characteristic helps to reduce circuit loss.

[0036] (5) Data storage chip: The W25Q128 chip is used as the data storage unit and is connected to the main control chip. The main control chip stores the collected battery status data, including total voltage, cell voltage, current, and charge / discharge status, into the W25Q128 chip in real time. The W25Q128 chip is a non-volatile memory, so the data will not be lost even if the drone is powered off, which facilitates the subsequent analysis and maintenance of battery historical data.

[0037] (6) CAN communication chip: The TJA1050 chip is used as the CAN bus communication chip. This chip is a high-performance, high-reliability CAN bus transceiver with excellent anti-interference ability, low power consumption and fault protection function, and supports a maximum communication rate of 1Mbps.

[0038] 2. Interface Design

[0039] (1) Front interface of the circuit board:

[0040] a. 16P Blade Interface: 2P pins are used for host computer communication (CAN). Utilizing the CAN communication protocol, high-speed and reliable data transmission with the drone's host computer is achieved, sending battery status information to the host computer in real time. The remaining pins are the positive and negative terminals output by the battery management board, which can power the drone and its peripherals.

[0041] b. Serial port interface (GH1.25-4P): Used for data exchange with other devices that support serial communication, and can output debugging information or communicate with specific peripherals.

[0042] c. SWD Interface (SH1.0-4P): Facilitates programming and debugging of the main control chip. Through this interface, the written control program can be downloaded to the main control chip, and online debugging can be performed to ensure the normal operation of the battery management board.

[0043] d. CAN Interface (GH1.25-2P): Dedicated to CAN communication, this interface is simpler than the CAN communication section in the 16P cutter head interface, and can be directly connected to other CAN devices, enhancing communication flexibility. Specifically in this solution, the 16P cutter head interface is mainly used for powering the UAV and for quick-release communication cutter heads, while the rear CAN interface is used for expansion ports to facilitate debugging.

[0044] (2) Interface on the back of the circuit board:

[0045] a.XH2.54-7P Balance Interface: Primarily used to connect the balance cable from the 6S battery.

[0046] b.XT60 interface: Used to connect the 6S battery. This interface has a strong current carrying capacity and can stably power the drone's battery management system and the drone, ensuring a reliable connection between the battery and the management board during high-current discharge.

[0047] Furthermore, the achievable effects and specific working principle of this embodiment are as follows:

[0048] (1) High-precision battery status monitoring: The front-end chip, Jiche DVC1006, is paired with the current detection chip, INA226. Through their independent voltage and current sensing channels, and in conjunction with the internal high-precision ADC, they can achieve synchronous, continuous and accurate measurement of battery voltage, current and temperature. The combination of dual detection and calibration mechanisms greatly improves the accuracy of battery status monitoring and provides reliable data support for the safe and efficient use of batteries.

[0049] (2) Powerful system control and management capabilities: Based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core, the STM32F103C8T6 main control chip, with its rich peripheral resources and high computing power, can not only accurately process the complex battery status signals transmitted from the front-end chip, but also fully control the operating logic of the battery management board, including power-on and power-off command execution, data storage and communication management, etc., to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the entire battery management system.

[0050] (3) High reliability and stability: The use of optocoupler MOS switches effectively isolates the control signal from the power MOS, avoids high voltage noise interference, and enhances the reliability of the system in complex electromagnetic environments. At the same time, the low internal resistance of the MOS transistor HYG015N10NS1TA reduces circuit losses and further improves system stability and energy utilization efficiency.

[0051] (4) Convenient data management and analysis: The W25Q128 non-volatile data storage chip can store battery status data in real time. Even if the drone is powered off, the data will not be lost. This facilitates the subsequent analysis of historical battery data, helps predict battery life, promptly identify potential problems, and improve the targetedness and efficiency of battery maintenance.

[0052] (5) High-efficiency and flexible communication capabilities: The TJA1050 CAN bus communication chip has high performance, high reliability and excellent anti-interference capabilities, supports high-speed communication, and combined with the rich interface design on the front of the circuit board (such as 16P blade interface, independent CAN interface, etc.), it realizes high-speed and reliable data transmission with the UAV host computer and other CAN devices, enhancing the flexibility and compatibility of system communication.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle intelligent battery management board, characterized in that: The circuit board includes a circuit board body (1), on which a chipset (2) and an interface group (3) are integrated. The chipset (2) is connected to the interface group (3). The chipset (2) is distributed and connected to the front of the circuit board body (1). The interface group (3) includes a front interface (31) and a back interface (32). The front interface (31) is located on the front of the circuit board body (1), and the back interface (32) is located on the back of the circuit board body (1). The circuit board body (1) is also provided with a management board switch (4), which is connected to the chipset (2).

2. The intelligent battery management board for UAVs of claim 1, wherein: The chipset (2) includes a front-end chip (21), a main control chip (22), a current detection chip (23), a data storage chip (24), and a CAN communication chip (25). The front-end chip (21), the current detection chip (23), and the data storage chip (24) are respectively connected to the periphery of the main control chip (22), and the CAN communication chip (25) is connected to the main control chip (22) and the data storage chip (24).

3. The intelligent battery management board of claim 2, wherein: The front interface (31) includes a 16P blade interface (311), a serial port interface (312), an SWD interface (313), and a CAN interface (314). The 16P blade interface (311) and the CAN interface (314) are both connected to the CAN communication chip (25). The 16P blade interface (311) outputs positive and negative terminals to the battery management board through the power supply pin. The positive terminal is connected to the current detection chip (23). A high-side sampling resistor (5) is connected between the current detection chip (23) and the 16P blade interface (311). The negative terminal is connected to the management board switch (4). The serial port interface (312) and the SWD interface (313) are interconnected and connected together to the main control chip (22).

4. The intelligent battery management board of claim 3, wherein: The rear interface (32) includes a balance interface (321) and a power supply interface (322). The power supply interface (322) is connected to the battery. The positive terminal of the power supply interface (322) is connected to the high-side sampling resistor (5), and the negative terminal is connected to the low-side sampling resistor (6) and connected to the front-end chip (21) through the low-side sampling resistor (6). The balance interface (321) is connected between the front-end chip (21) and the battery.

5. The intelligent battery management board for drones of claim 2, wherein: The management board switch (4) adopts an optocoupler MOS switch. The optocoupler-MOS switch is composed of an optocoupler (41) and a MOS transistor (42) connected in series. The optocoupler (41) is connected to the main control chip (22), and the MOS transistor (42) is connected to the 16P blade interface (311).

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