Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mine

Abstract

This utility model discloses a photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines. Its features include a photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse, inside which are installed an irrigation water storage tank (a) and planting racks. The irrigation water storage tank (a) is connected via pipes to a drip irrigation unit (a) for watering the vegetation on the planting racks. The irrigation water storage tank (a) is connected via pipes to a water treatment unit, which is connected via pipes to a mine pit lake. The top of the photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse is also equipped with photovoltaic panels and solar collectors. The solar collectors are connected to a hot water storage tank located on one side of the photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse, and the hot water storage tank is connected to a buried heating pipe. This utility model solves the problem of resource waste caused by the difficulty in utilizing abandoned open-pit mines in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of resource utilization technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of coal resources, some open-pit coal mines have entered the final stage of mining due to resource depletion, while other mining areas have fallen into operational difficulties due to soaring operating costs, gradually moving towards closure or idleness. If these exiting mining areas are not properly handled, it will not only lead to the inefficient idleness of land and mineral resources, but may also generate ecological risks such as slope instability and water pollution. Conducting research and practice on the recycling of such mining areas has become an urgent need to achieve resource recycling and ecological restoration.

[0003] Traditional open-pit mine remediation faces numerous challenges, such as insufficient resource utilization due to excessive suspended solids and metal ions in mine lakes, idle land resources and dilapidated facilities, and the use of hard engineering measures for slope treatment, which are costly and have poor vegetation restoration effects, thus failing to achieve systematic restoration of the mine pit.

[0004] Facility agriculture utilizes modern technology to improve the local environment, providing relatively controllable environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light, water, fertilizer, and air for crop growth. This utility model utilizes idle land resources from abandoned open-pit mines to construct greenhouses, employs water treatment processes to purify mine lake water to meet agricultural irrigation water quality standards, utilizes photovoltaic power generation to power agricultural facilities, uses solar thermal equipment to insulate the greenhouses, and incorporates slope vegetation reinforcement into the system, using agricultural irrigation systems to maintain the vegetation system for soil stabilization and slope protection. This constructs a collaborative resource utilization system for abandoned open-pit mines integrating "solar energy-water-land-agriculture." Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic and solar thermal integrated agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines, which solves the problem of resource waste caused by the difficulty in utilizing abandoned open-pit mines in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is a photovoltaic and solar thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines, including a photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse. The photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse is equipped with an irrigation water storage tank a and a planting rack. The irrigation water storage tank a is connected to a drip irrigation unit a for watering the plants on the planting rack through a pipe.

[0007] Irrigation water storage tank a is connected to a water treatment unit via pipeline, and the water treatment unit is connected to the mine pit lake via pipeline; the top of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse is also equipped with photovoltaic panels and solar collectors, and the solar collectors are connected to a hot water storage tank located on one side of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse, and the hot water storage tank is connected to a buried heating pipe.

[0008] The present invention is further characterized in that,

[0009] It also includes a power supply unit, which consists of photovoltaic panels and a photovoltaic power station installed on the mine pit platform. The photovoltaic power station and photovoltaic panels are connected in sequence to a combiner box, an inverter and an energy storage power station via lines.

[0010] The water treatment unit includes a sedimentation tank and an ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit that are connected to each other by pipes. The inlet of the sedimentation tank is connected to a water pump by a pipe. The water intake of the water pump is located in the mine pit lake. The outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit is connected to the irrigation water storage tank a.

[0011] A water quality monitor is installed at the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit.

[0012] It also includes a slope planting trough fixed to the side slope of the mine pit. Drip irrigation unit b is arranged on the slope planting trough. Drip irrigation unit b is connected to irrigation water storage tank b through a pipe. The inlet of irrigation water storage tank b is connected to the outlet of ultrafiltration membrane filter unit through a pipe. A water pump b is also installed on the connecting pipe between irrigation water storage tank b and drip irrigation unit b.

[0013] The planting troughs on the slope are fixed to the slope of the mine pit by pre-embedded bolts and reinforcing rods.

[0014] The slope of the mine pit is also fixed with barbed anchors and vegetation blankets. The vegetation blankets are filled with slow-release fertilizer capsules and water-retaining gel particles, and the surface of the vegetation blankets is provided with ventilation holes.

[0015] The irrigation water storage tank a is a cylindrical steel structure, and a water pump a is installed between the irrigation water storage tank a and the drip irrigation unit a. A Y-type filter is installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank a and the water pump a.

[0016] The drip irrigation unit a includes a drip irrigation pipe and several pressure-compensating drippers installed on the drip irrigation pipe. The spacing between adjacent pressure-compensating drippers is equal, and the drip irrigation pipe is arranged along the distribution shape of the planting rack.

[0017] A circulation pump a is installed between the hot water storage tank and the underground heating pipe. The underground heating pipe is embedded in the foundation of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse in a "U" shape.

[0018] A circulation pump b is installed between the hot water storage tank and the solar collector. The input end of the circulation pump b is connected to the hot water storage tank through a pipe, and the output end is connected to the solar collector through a pipe. The solar collector is a flat plate structure with a selective absorption coating on the surface and is filled with a heat-conducting medium, which is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.

[0019] Photovoltaic panels and solar collectors are spaced apart, with one solar collector installed every two photovoltaic panels.

[0020] The walls of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse are equipped with ventilation windows, which are fitted with insect-proof nets and light-transmitting films. Temperature sensors are installed inside the greenhouse, and these sensors are connected to the drive components of the ventilation windows via wiring.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] (1) This utility model is based on a photovoltaic and solar thermal composite agricultural system for abandoned open-pit mines. Through the synergistic utilization of solar energy, mine water and idle land, it realizes the resource integration and efficient development of abandoned mine pits. The sedimentation tank and ultrafiltration membrane treatment system make the mine water quality meet the standards for farmland irrigation. Combined with the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse design, it forms an energy and water resource cycle system of "power generation-heat collection-irrigation", which significantly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of mine pit resources and provides a new path for the sustainable development of mining areas.

[0023] (2) The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines in this utility model adopts a composite structure of planting troughs and vegetation blankets to enhance slope stability, and simultaneously realizes vegetation restoration and soil improvement, effectively solving the problem of ecological degradation of mine pit slopes. The harmless treatment of mine pit water and the clean utilization of solar energy reduce environmental pollution and carbon emissions from abandoned mine pits, and promote the overall improvement of the ecological environment of the mining area.

[0024] From the perspective of economic and technological adaptability, this utility model creates a composite industrial model that integrates agricultural production, clean energy development, and ecological restoration, providing technical support for the transformation of abandoned open-pit mines and possessing good economic benefits and broad application value. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on an abandoned open-pit mine of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse in a photovoltaic and solar thermal composite agricultural system based on an abandoned open-pit mine, according to this utility model.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse, 1-1. Irrigation water storage tank a, 1-2. Water pump a, 1-3. Drip irrigation unit a, 1-4. Planting rack, 1-5. Solar collector, 1-6. Hot water storage tank, 1-7. Circulation pump a, 1-8. Heating underground pipe, 1-9. Circulation pump b, 1-10. Photovoltaic panel, 1-11. Ventilation window; 2. Mine pit, 2-1. Mine pit lake, 2-2. Water pump, 2-3. Sedimentation tank, 2-4. Ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit, 3. Slope planting unit, 3-1. Irrigation water storage tank b, 3-2. Water pump b, 3-3. Drip irrigation unit b, 3-4. Slope planting trough; 4. Power supply unit, 4-1. Photovoltaic power station, 4-2. Combiner box, 4-3. Inverter, 4-4. Energy storage power station. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This utility model is based on a photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system for abandoned open-pit mines, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1, which is constructed of a detachable galvanized steel frame.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 is equipped with an irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and a planting rack 1-4. The irrigation water storage tank a1-1 is connected to a drip irrigation unit a1-3 for watering the plants on the planting rack 1-4 via pipes. The irrigation water storage tank a1-1 is a cylindrical steel structure with a 2mm food-grade PE coating on its inner wall. A water pump a1-2 is installed between the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and the drip irrigation unit a1-3, and a Y-type filter is installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and the water pump a1-2.

[0032] Furthermore, the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 is connected to a water treatment unit via a pipeline, and the water treatment unit is connected to the mine pit lake 2-1 via a pipeline; the top of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 is also equipped with photovoltaic panels 1-10 and solar collectors 1-5, and the solar collectors 1-5 are connected to a hot water storage tank 1-6 located on one side of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1-5, and the hot water storage tank 1-6 is connected to a heating underground pipe 1-8.

[0033] Furthermore, drip irrigation unit a1-3 includes drip irrigation pipes and several pressure-compensating drippers installed on the drip irrigation pipes. The spacing between adjacent pressure-compensating drippers is equal. In this embodiment, the drip irrigation pipes are made of PE100 pipes, with a main pipe diameter of 63mm, a branch pipe diameter of 20mm, and a dripper spacing of 300mm, arranged in a straight line. The working pressure of the pressure-compensating drippers is 0.1-0.2MPa, and the flow rate is 1~2L / h·m. Combined with soil moisture sensors, it realizes on-demand irrigation, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency is ≥90%. The drip irrigation pipes are distributed along the planting racks 1-4.

[0034] Furthermore, the planting racks 1-4 are made of Z-shaped cold-rolled steel profiles with an adjustable height range of 1.2~2.5m and a single-layer load-bearing capacity of ≥200kg / m2. The planting racks 1-4 are filled with a slag ceramsite soil mixture matrix, which is made of weathered sandstone / shale crushed particles (60~70%), tailings sand (20~30%), mine pit clay (5~10%), and microbial agents (1~3%). This transforms the waste resources of the mine pit into soil for crop growth, realizing the secondary utilization of the mine pit resources.

[0035] Preferably, microbial agents are collected from the rhizosphere soil of tolerant, barren plants around the mine pit (such as the rhizosphere soil of saxaul), and suitable indigenous microorganisms are screened and combined with exogenous agents to improve the ecological adaptability of the substrate. The exogenous agent is mainly Bacillus subtilis.

[0036] Preferably, a mixed activation process is adopted, in which weathered rock particles, tailings sand and clay are mixed in proportion, purified mine water (pH 6.5~7.5) is added to adjust the moisture content to 20~25%, compound bacterial agent is added, and the mixture is mixed for 30 minutes by a drum mixer so that the bacterial agent is evenly adsorbed on the surface of the particles.

[0037] Preferably, if the heavy metal content of the tailings sand exceeds the standard, 5% of waste wood chips from the mine (crushed to 0.5~1mm) are added to utilize lignin to chelate the heavy metals, and the organic acids secreted by the microbial agent are used to further solidify the metals, so that the leaching concentration meets the farmland standard.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This utility model is based on a photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system for abandoned open-pit mines, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1, which is constructed of a detachable galvanized steel frame.

[0040] The photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 is equipped with an irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and a planting rack 1-4. The irrigation water storage tank a1-1 is connected to a drip irrigation unit a1-3 for watering the plants on the planting rack 1-4 through a pipe. A water pump a1-2 is installed between the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and the drip irrigation unit a1-3. A Y-type filter is installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 and the water pump a1-2.

[0041] Furthermore, the irrigation water storage tank a1-1 is connected to a water treatment unit via pipelines, and the water treatment unit is connected to the mine pit lake 2-1 via pipelines. The top of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 is also equipped with photovoltaic panels 1-10 and solar collectors 1-5. The solar collectors 1-5 are connected to a hot water storage tank 1-6 located on one side of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1-5. The hot water storage tank 1-6 is connected to a heating underground pipe 1-8, and a circulation pump a1-7 is installed between the hot water storage tank 1-6 and the heating underground pipe 1-8.

[0042] The inner walls of hot water storage tanks 1-6 are lined with a 50mm thick polyurethane insulation layer with a thermal conductivity ≤0.024W / mK. An internal electric auxiliary heating device is provided as a backup to maintain a water temperature ≥50℃. The water storage capacity is configured according to the greenhouse area; in this example, it is 1000m³. 2 Greenhouse configuration 50m 3 Water storage tank.

[0043] A circulation pump b1-9 is installed between the hot water storage tank 1-6 and the solar collector 1-5 for forced circulation between the two. The pump automatically starts when the outlet water temperature of the solar collector 1-5 is 5°C higher than the water temperature in the storage tank, maintaining water circulation between the collector and the storage tank. The input end of the circulation pump b1-9 is connected to the hot water storage tank 1-6 via a pipe, and the output end is connected to the solar collector 1-5 via a pipe. The solar collector 1-5 has a flat plate structure with a selective absorption coating on its surface, ensuring an absorption rate ≥92%. It is filled with a heat-conducting medium, which is a 1:1 volume ratio ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0044] The solar collector 1-5 receives solar radiation and heats the internal circulating water. The resulting hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 1-6. The hot water in the hot water storage tank 1-6 is supplied to the heating underground pipe 1-8 through the circulation pump a1-7. The heating underground pipe 1-8 is pre-buried in the foundation of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1. The hot water from the circulation pump a1-7 continuously dissipates heat as it flows in the heating underground pipe 1-8 to keep the greenhouse warm. Finally, it flows out of the heating underground pipe 1-8 and returns to the hot water storage tank 1-6.

[0045] Furthermore, the underground heating pipes 1-8 are arranged in a "U" shape, using heat-resistant polyethylene (PE-RT) pipes with a diameter of 32mm, a burial depth of 300mm, a spacing of 800mm, and a hot water flow velocity of 0.5~1.0m / s inside the pipes.

[0046] Furthermore, photovoltaic panels 1-10 are selected as cadmium telluride thin-film modules with a light transmittance of 60%, each panel measuring 1.2m × 1.6m, with a power of 200W and a conversion efficiency of 18.5%. Photovoltaic panels 1-10 are fixed to the greenhouse steel frame by aluminum alloy strips. Photovoltaic panels 1-10 and solar collectors 1-5 are distributed alternately, with one solar collector 1-5 installed every two photovoltaic panels 1-10.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Based on Embodiment 2 above, this embodiment of the present invention, based on a photovoltaic and solar thermal integrated agricultural system in an abandoned open-pit mine, has ventilation windows 1-11 installed on the walls of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1. The ventilation windows 1-11 have aluminum alloy frames and are equipped with insect-proof netting and light-transmitting film. Every 100m²... 2The greenhouse is equipped with three sets of windows, symmetrically distributed. The window frames of ventilation windows 1-11 are connected to the greenhouse steel frame via hinges, with an adjustable opening angle of 0-90° and a maximum ventilation area of ​​0.5m². 2 / Group.

[0049] Furthermore, a 24V DC servo motor is used to drive the linkage mechanism of ventilation windows 1-11, with an opening / closing speed of 0.1m / s, and an overload protection device is provided to prevent jamming and damage.

[0050] The photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor, which is connected to the servo motor of ventilation window 1-11 via a circuit. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is >35℃, ventilation window 1-11 opens to 45°, with an air exchange rate of 10 times / hour, reducing the impact of solar panel heat radiation on the greenhouse. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is >40℃, ventilation window 1-11 opens to 90°, with an air exchange rate of 20 times / hour, and the greenhouse fan is activated to enhance convection, ensuring that the temperature inside the greenhouse is ≤30℃, preventing crop diseases caused by high temperature and high humidity.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] Based on Embodiment 3 above, this embodiment of the photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines further includes a power supply unit 4. The power supply unit 4 includes a photovoltaic power station 4-1 and photovoltaic panels 1-10. The photovoltaic power station 4-1 and photovoltaic panels 1-10 are connected in sequence to a combiner box 4-2, an inverter 4-3 and an energy storage power station 4-4 via lines.

[0053] Photovoltaic panels 1-10 cover the top of the greenhouse, and photovoltaic power station 4-1 is arranged on the flat surface, spoil heap, and surrounding idle land of the mine pit. The power generated by photovoltaic power station 4-1 and photovoltaic panels 1-10 is stored in energy storage power station 4-4 through combiner box 4-2 and inverter 4-3. Then, energy storage power station 4-4 supplies power to various electrical devices.

[0054] The priority is as follows: circulating pump a1-7 > water pump a1-2 and drip irrigation unit a1-3 > water pump 2-2 > water pump b3-2 and drip irrigation unit b3-2. At night, the energy storage power station maintains the operation of the system, giving priority to ensuring that the heat preservation and irrigation of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse 1 are not interrupted. The remaining electricity can be used for supporting facilities such as lighting and monitoring systems.

[0055] During the day, the solar collectors 1-5 of this agricultural system generate heat to meet the temperature control requirements of the greenhouse and store heat in the hot water storage tanks 1-6. The photovoltaic panels 1-10 generate electricity to charge the energy storage power station 4-4. At night, the hot water storage tanks 1-6 release heat energy, and the energy storage power station 4-4 discharges to maintain the operation of the system, realizing an all-weather energy supply of "solar thermal + photovoltaic".

[0056] Example 5

[0057] Based on the above embodiment 4, the water treatment unit of this utility model includes a sedimentation tank 2-3 and an ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit 2-4 that are connected to each other by a pipeline. The inlet of the sedimentation tank 2-3 is connected to a water pump 2-2 by a pipeline. The water pump 2-2 is located in the mine pit lake 2-1. The outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit 2-4 is connected to an irrigation water storage tank a1-1.

[0058] Pump 2-2 is a submersible pump, positioned 2m below the surface of the mine pit lake 2-1. A screen with 50mm gaps is installed at the suction inlet to prevent large particles from being sucked in. Sedimentation tank 2-3 is a horizontal flow structure with a perforated distribution wall at the front and a serrated collection trough at the rear. A polyaluminum chloride (PAC) water purification agent dosing system is provided, adding a 10% concentration PAC solution at a dosage of 5-10mg / L, with sludge removed once daily. Ultrafiltration membrane unit 2-4 uses a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane module, operating at a pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa, in full-volume filtration mode, with periodic backwashing.

[0059] Water quality monitors are installed at the outlets of ultrafiltration membrane filter units 2-4. These monitors are used to monitor suspended solids (SS). An emergency mechanism is triggered when SS ≥ 60 mg / L for processed, cooked, or peeled vegetables in planting racks 1-4; when SS ≥ 15 mg / L for raw vegetables and melons; and when SS ≥ 100 mg / L for other dryland crops. Secondary response: When SS exceeds the limit, the PAC dosage is automatically increased to 10 mg / L, and the backup membrane module in ultrafiltration membrane filter units 2-4 is activated to enhance filtration accuracy. Primary response: If SS still does not meet the standard after 2 consecutive hours, the PLC control cabinet issues an audible and visual alarm and automatically switches to the backup water source. Preferably, the backup water source is tap water, ensuring that the irrigation water quality meets the requirements of the "Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard" (GB 5084-2021).

[0060] Example 6

[0061] Based on Embodiment 5 above, this embodiment further includes a slope planting trough 3-4 fixed to the slope of the mine pit 2. A drip irrigation unit b3-3 is arranged on the slope planting trough 3-4 in a conformal manner. The drip irrigation unit b3-3 is connected to an irrigation water storage tank b3-1 through a pipe. The inlet of the irrigation water storage tank b3-1 is connected to the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filter unit 2-4 through a pipe. A water pump b3-2 is also installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank b3-1 and the drip irrigation unit b3-3.

[0062] Specifically, grooves are provided on the slope, and support platforms are snapped into the grooves. The surface of the support platforms is provided with anti-slip protrusions. The trough of the slope planting trough 3-4 is prefabricated with porous slag ceramsite board, and plant growth pits are provided on the surface. The side of the slope planting trough 3-4 is fixedly connected to the clips on the support plate by fasteners. At the same time, the slope planting trough 3-4 is fixedly connected to the slope of the mine pit 2 by pre-embedded screws and reinforcing rods.

[0063] On the slope of mine pit 2, vegetation blankets are fixed with barbed anchors. The vegetation blankets are filled with slow-release fertilizer capsules and water-retaining gel particles, and the surface of the vegetation blankets is provided with ventilation holes.

[0064] Example 7

[0065] During the reinforcement and ecological restoration of a mine pit slope, loose rocks were first removed, and a 300mm wide and 200mm deep groove was excavated along the contour lines. M12 pre-embedded bolts were used to fix L50×5 angle steel support platforms to the slope, with a horizontal spacing of 1000mm and a vertical spacing of 800mm, with an error ≤5mm. Prefabricated porous slag ceramsite planting troughs were then attached to the support platforms. The sides of the troughs were bolted to the slope support components using U-shaped fasteners, and prefabricated plant growth pits were created on the top surface.

[0066] A fiber vegetation blanket is laid from the bottom of the slope to the top, with the edges of the blanket overlapping by 100mm and fixed with barbed anchors. The anchors are inserted into the slope to a depth of ≥20cm. Slow-release fertilizer capsules and water-retaining gel particles are pre-embedded inside the blanket. The branch pipes of the drip irrigation unit b3-3 are laid along the bottom of the planting trough 3-4 on the slope and connected to the irrigation water storage tank b3-1.

[0067] After being treated by sedimentation tank 2-3 and ultrafiltration membrane unit 2-4, the mine pit lake water is pumped by water pump b3-2 through irrigation storage tank b3-1 to drive the drip irrigation system, adjusting the flow rate according to the water requirements of the slope vegetation. Slow-release fertilizer capsules release nutrients upon rainfall, while water-retaining gel releases water during dry periods, reducing irrigation frequency. Power supply unit 4 supplies power to the water pump, sensors, and other equipment, ensuring the continuous operation of the drip irrigation system and water quality monitoring device.

[0068] After the vegetation blanket degrades, it is converted into organic matter. Combined with drought-resistant plants such as sea buckthorn, the organic matter content of the slope soil can be increased from 0.5% to more than 1.2% within 3 years, and the vegetation coverage rate can reach 80%, thus achieving slope stability and agricultural planting functions.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0070] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0071] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic and photo-thermal hybrid agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mine, characterized in that, The photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1) is equipped with an irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) and a planting rack (1-4) inside the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1). The irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) is connected to a drip irrigation unit a (1-3) for watering the plants on the planting rack (1-4) through a pipe. Irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) is connected to a water treatment unit via a pipeline, and the water treatment unit is connected to the mine pit lake (2-1) via a pipeline; the top of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1) is also equipped with photovoltaic panels (1-10) and solar collectors (1-5), and the solar collectors (1-5) are connected to a hot water storage tank (1-6) located on one side of the photovoltaic and solar thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1), and the hot water storage tank (1-6) is connected to a heating underground pipe (1-8).

2. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply unit (4), which includes a photovoltaic panel (1-10) and a photovoltaic power station (4-1) installed on the flat plate of the mine pit (2). The photovoltaic power station (4-1) and the photovoltaic panel (1-10) are connected in sequence to a combiner box (4-2), an inverter (4-3) and an energy storage power station (4-4) via lines.

3. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water treatment unit includes a sedimentation tank (2-3) and an ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit (2-4) that are connected to each other by pipes. The inlet of the sedimentation tank (2-3) is connected to a water pump (2-2) by a pipe. The water intake of the water pump (2-2) is located in the mine pit lake (2-1). The outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit (2-4) is connected to the irrigation water storage tank a (1-1). A water quality monitor is installed at the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filtration unit (2-4).

4. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a slope planting trough (3-4) fixed to the slope of the mine pit (2). A drip irrigation unit b (3-3) is arranged on the slope planting trough (3-4). The drip irrigation unit b (3-3) is connected to an irrigation water storage tank b (3-1) through a pipe. The inlet of the irrigation water storage tank b (3-1) is connected to the outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane filter unit (2-4) through a pipe. A water pump b (3-2) is also installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank b (3-1) and the drip irrigation unit b (3-3). The slope planting trough (3-4) is fixed to the slope of the mine pit (2) by pre-embedded screws and reinforcing rods.

5. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slope of the mine pit (2) is also fixed with a vegetation blanket by barbed anchors. The vegetation blanket is filled with slow-release fertilizer capsules and water-retaining gel particles, and the surface of the vegetation blanket is provided with air pores.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) is a cylindrical steel structure, and a water pump a (1-2) is installed between the irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) and the drip irrigation unit a (1-3). A Y-type filter is installed on the connecting pipe between the irrigation water storage tank a (1-1) and the water pump a (1-2). The drip irrigation unit a (1-3) includes a drip irrigation pipe and several pressure-compensating drippers installed on the drip irrigation pipe. The spacing between adjacent pressure-compensating drippers is equal, and the drip irrigation pipe is arranged along the distribution shape of the planting frame (1-4).

7. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, A circulation pump a (1-7) is provided between the hot water storage tank (1-6) and the heating buried pipe (1-8), and the heating buried pipe (1-8) is pre-buried in the foundation of the photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1) in a "return" shape; A circulation pump b (1-9) is provided between the hot water storage tank (1-6) and the solar collector (1-5). The input end of the circulation pump b (1-9) is connected to the hot water storage tank (1-6) through a pipeline, and the output end is connected to the solar collector (1-5) through a pipeline; the solar collector (1-5) is of a flat plate structure, with a selective absorption coating on its surface and a heat-conducting medium filled inside, and the heat-conducting medium is an ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

8. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panels (1-10) and the solar collectors (1-5) are distributed at intervals, and one solar collector (1-5) is arranged every two photovoltaic panels (1-10).

9. The photovoltaic-thermal composite agricultural system based on abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, A ventilation window (1-11) is installed on the wall of the photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1). An insect-proof net and a light-transmitting film are installed on the ventilation window (1-11). A temperature sensor is installed inside the photovoltaic-thermal dual-energy greenhouse (1), and the temperature sensor is connected to the driving component of the ventilation window (1-11) through a circuit.

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