Interchangeable vertical double incinerator for hazardous waste

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vertical double incinerator of dangerous waste which can be switched to each other belongs to dangerous waste incineration equipment field, including two combustion chamber flue, its left and right ends are connected A, B incinerator, and the opening and closing mechanism is arranged between the furnace and the flue, realizes switching, and the double furnace can be used independently, when the failure, the other furnace is put into quickly through the oven heating, avoids two combustion chamber cooling, and the advantage lies in avoiding single furnace failure whole line shutdown, improves system operation rate, reduces the repair cost and the refractory material loss, is applicable to dangerous waste incineration treatment, has good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a vertical furnace for hazardous waste incineration, and more specifically, to a vertical dual-incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched between each other, belonging to the field of hazardous waste incineration equipment. Background Technology

[0002] An incinerator is an intensified pyrometallurgical treatment device. During operation, solid charge is poured into a vigorously stirred molten slag pool, where it is rapidly wetted and heated to high temperatures. The fusible components of the charge melt, forming matte or molten metal droplets within the slag. Gangue, other high-melting-point components, and fuels, under intense stirring, either melt into the slag, undergo combustion, or react with oxygen in the slag. Because the reactions within the molten pool are extremely vigorous, various chemical reactions are completed instantaneously, giving the incinerator a high processing capacity. However, the molten slag severely corrodes refractory materials, leading to frequent shutdowns during incinerator operation. Frequent shutdowns not only disrupt system production and incur high maintenance costs but also risk reduced lifespan for the refractory materials in the secondary combustion chamber, boiler, and quench tower due to frequent thermal shock. Therefore, once a conventional vertical hazardous waste incinerator malfunctions, it must be shut down for maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0003] To overcome the problem of system downtime caused by existing incinerator malfunctions, this utility model provides a vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched between each other. The two incinerators can be used independently. If incinerator A malfunctions and needs maintenance during production, incinerator B can be preheated before incinerator A is shut down. Then, incinerator B can be put into operation immediately after incinerator A is shut down, avoiding the problem of cooling down the secondary combustion chamber, thereby improving the system operating rate and reducing maintenance costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model is a vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched between each other. It is characterized by including a two-chamber flue, with an A incinerator and a B incinerator respectively connected to the left and right ends of the two-chamber flue. An opening and closing mechanism is provided between the A incinerator and the two-chamber flue, and between the B incinerator and the two-chamber flue. The switching between the A incinerator and the B incinerator can be realized by the alternating opening and closing of the two opening and closing mechanisms.

[0006] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper that can move up and down, which adjusts the connection and disconnection between the flue of incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber, and between incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber. The flue damper can be automatically moved up and down by an externally connected lifting mechanism to achieve opening and closing. The lifting mechanism can adopt a cylinder type, a single-slide table, a belt type, or other structures.

[0007] Preferably, both incinerator A and incinerator B include a slag melting furnace and an incinerator flue. The slag melting furnace is connected to the bottom of the incinerator flue, and the incinerator flue is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue. The flue damper is located at the connection between the incinerator flue and the secondary combustion chamber flue. Incinerators A and B have identical structures and are symmetrically arranged. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of hazardous waste in the slag melting furnace enters the incinerator flue and then enters the secondary combustion chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the slag furnace, from bottom to top, includes a slag pool, an air duct, and a furnace chamber, which are connected sequentially. The top of the furnace chamber is connected to the incinerator flue. Solid waste or semi-solid hazardous waste first enters the slag pool for preliminary incineration. The resulting combustible gas is then further incinerated under the action of the air duct, and then enters the furnace chamber for heat exchange before entering the incinerator flue.

[0009] Preferably, the slag pool is provided with a discharge port and a slag outlet, the slag outlet being located at the top of the slag pool and the discharge port being located at the bottom of the slag pool.

[0010] Preferably, the discharge port and the slag outlet are connected to the outer end face of the molten slag pool and both are inclined downwards, and the included angle formed by extending the projection lines of the discharge port and the slag outlet on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees.

[0011] Preferably, the air duct is a circular pipe, comprising an outer layer and an inner layer, with the outer and inner layers forming an independent cavity. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct, and the air inlet pipe forms a tangent to the air duct. Several air outlets arranged at different angles are provided on the inner layer of the air duct. The air inlet pipe can be connected to a fan. The air blown by the fan enters the independent cavity from the tangential direction through the air inlet pipe, and is then sent out from the air outlets to the top of the molten slag pool.

[0012] Preferably, the outer layer of the air duct is sealed with a number of slag-removing holes; the slag-removing holes are connected to the outer layer of the air duct at different angles, and each slag-removing hole corresponds to an air outlet with a coaxial center line (center line). When the molten slag pool cokes, the slag can be cleaned through the slag-removing holes.

[0013] Preferably, the furnace includes a water-cooled wall with a sealed cavity inside, an outlet at the top of the water-cooled wall and an inlet at the bottom of the water-cooled wall, so that process water enters the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall and flows out from the top after heat exchange.

[0014] Preferably, the incinerator flue has an explosion vent at the top end and a feeding hole at the bottom, with the feeding hole located above the slag furnace. A thermometer, a pressure gauge, and an oxygen gauge are connected to one outer end of the incinerator flue to monitor the conditions inside the flue. The center of the feeding hole corresponds vertically to the center of the slag pool (i.e., they share a common centerline or axis). A high-temperature insulated gate that can be opened and closed is connected to the feeding hole, allowing material to be fed into the slag pool by opening the high-temperature insulated gate.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This utility model designs the hazardous waste incinerator as a dual A / B incinerator that can be switched between each other, avoiding the shutdown of the entire line due to the failure of a single furnace and improving the system operating rate; before the faulty furnace is repaired, the other furnace can be started and put into operation. By adjusting the flue gate valve, the furnace to be repaired can be taken out while the system is running continuously, reducing maintenance costs and the life loss of refractory materials due to thermal shock. It has high application value in the field of hazardous waste incineration. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of the dual incinerator of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 In this utility model Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along line EE.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slag melting furnace of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the slag furnace of this utility model along line FF.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Air duct, 2-Furnace, 3-Slag pool, 4-Water-cooled wall, 5-Flue, 6-Explosion relief hole, 7-Feeding hole, 8-Flue damper, 9-Secondary combustion chamber flue, 10-Secondary combustion chamber, 11-Thermometer, 12-Pressure gauge, 13-Oxygen gauge, 14-Material elevator, 15-Slag outlet, 16-Discharge port, 17-Air outlet, 18-Slag removal hole. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following will refer to the appendix in the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 1-4 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0023] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," "connection," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figure 1-4 The illustration shows a specific embodiment of a vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched between each other. This embodiment of the vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste includes a secondary combustion chamber flue 9 connected to a secondary combustion chamber 10. The left and right ends of the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 are respectively connected to incinerator A and incinerator B. Opening and closing mechanisms are provided between incinerator A and secondary combustion chamber flue 9, and between incinerator B and secondary combustion chamber flue 9. The switching between incinerator A and incinerator B can be achieved by alternating the opening and closing of the two opening and closing mechanisms.

[0026] Overview of the overall structure and principle of this utility model:

[0027] This utility model is a vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched between each other, aiming to solve the problem of system shutdown caused by the failure of a traditional single incinerator. By setting up incinerator A and incinerator B (preferably incinerator A and incinerator B have the same structure), incinerator A and incinerator B share the second combustion chamber flue 9, which realizes flexible switching between working and standby states and ensures continuous operation of the system.

[0028] Operation and Switching Procedures: 1) Normal Operation Procedure: Taking the operation of incinerator A and the standby operation of incinerator B as an example. Hazardous waste is fed into the slag pool 3 of incinerator A through the feeding hole 7. It undergoes initial combustion in the slag pool 3, and the resulting combustible gas is then subjected to secondary combustion through the air duct 1. After heat exchange in the furnace 2, the high-temperature flue gas enters the incinerator flue 5. Thermometers 11, pressure gauges 12, and oxygen gauges 13 on the incinerator flue 5 monitor parameters in real time, allowing staff to adjust air and material supply accordingly. The high-temperature flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 through the flue damper 8 and finally enters the secondary combustion chamber 10. 2) Abnormal Switching Procedure: When incinerator A malfunctions and requires maintenance, incinerator B is started in advance for preheating. Once incinerator B reaches operating conditions, the corresponding flue damper 8 for incinerator A is closed, and the corresponding flue damper 8 for incinerator B is opened, allowing incinerator B to be connected and incinerator A to be shut down for maintenance. During this process, the secondary combustion chamber does not need to be cooled, ensuring continuous operation of the system and improving the overall operating rate.

[0029] Advantages and effectiveness verification:

[0030] By replacing the traditional single incinerator with a dual incinerator that can be switched between each other, the problem of total line shutdown caused by a single incinerator failure is effectively avoided. In practical applications, when one incinerator fails, the other can be quickly switched on, significantly improving the system's operating rate. At the same time, it reduces maintenance costs caused by frequent shutdowns and the risk of reduced lifespan of refractory materials in systems such as the secondary combustion chamber due to thermal shock. It has good application value and promising prospects in the field of hazardous waste incineration treatment.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper 8 capable of vertical movement. The flue damper 8 regulates the connection and disconnection between incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9, and between incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. Specifically, the flue damper 8 is located at the connection between the incinerator flue 5 and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9, and its switch can be controlled by a lift. When switching incinerators, adjusting the flue damper 8 allows the working furnace to be deactivated and the standby furnace to be activated, ensuring continuous system operation. The flue damper 8 can be automatically opened and closed by an external lift, such as a cylinder type, a single-slide type, or a belt type. Furthermore, to improve the sealing effect, such as... Figure 3 As shown, an opening is provided on the incinerator flue 5 for the flue damper 8 to pass through, and a U-shaped groove is provided inside the incinerator flue 5. When the flue damper 8 is lowered, the outer edge of the flue damper 8 will be wrapped by the groove, thereby improving the sealing effect.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, both incinerator A and incinerator B include a slag furnace and an incinerator flue 5. The slag furnace is connected to the bottom of the incinerator flue, and the incinerator flue 5 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. A flue damper 8 is located at the connection between the incinerator flue 5 and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. Preferably, incinerators A and B have identical structures and are symmetrically arranged. After the hazardous waste undergoes preliminary incineration, secondary incineration of combustible gases, and heat exchange in the slag furnace 3, the high-temperature flue gas enters the incinerator flue 5 and then enters the secondary combustion chamber through the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. In this application, the incinerator flue 5 can specifically be a cuboid structure made of steel plate, insulation material, and refractory material (this application does not impose specific limitations on the specific shape), providing a passage for the high-temperature flue gas.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the slag furnace, from bottom to top, includes a slag pool 3, an air duct 1, and a furnace chamber 2, which are connected sequentially. The top of the furnace chamber 2 is connected to the incinerator flue 5. Solid waste or semi-solid hazardous waste first enters the slag pool 3 for preliminary incineration. The resulting combustible gas is then further incinerated under the action of the air duct, and then enters the furnace chamber 2 for heat exchange before entering the incinerator flue 5.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the slag pool 3 is provided with a discharge port 16 and a slag outlet 15. The slag outlet 15 is located at the top of the slag pool 3, and the discharge port 16 is located at the bottom of the slag pool 3. The discharge port 16 and the slag outlet 15 are connected to the outer end face of the slag pool 3 and are both inclined downwards. The included angle formed by extending the projection lines of the discharge port 16 and the slag outlet 15 on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees. The slag pool 3 serves as a high-temperature molten material collection pool. The slag outlet 15 is used to discharge waste slag from the surface of the high-temperature molten material; the discharge port 16 is used to discharge the molten material. The two outlets have a certain inclination and are distributed at 90° to each other to ensure smooth slag discharge.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the air duct 1 is a circular pipe comprising an outer layer and an inner layer, forming an independent cavity between them. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct 1, and this air inlet pipe forms a tangent to the air duct 1. Several air outlets 17 arranged at different angles are provided on the inner layer of the air duct 1. The air inlet pipe can be connected to a fan. Air blown by the fan enters the independent cavity tangentially through the air inlet pipe and is then delivered to the top of the molten slag pool 3 through the air outlets 17. In this application, the air duct 1 can be made of a cylindrical sealed steel plate with a cavity. Air is introduced by the fan through the air inlet pipe tangentially into the cavity and then delivered to the top of the molten slag pool through the multiple air outlets 17 to provide oxygen for combustion.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the outer layer of the air duct 1 is sealed with a plurality of slag-removing holes 18. These holes 18 are connected to the outer layer of the air duct 1 at different angles, and each hole 18 corresponds to a coaxial air outlet 17. When coking occurs in the molten slag pool 3, the slag can be cleaned through the slag-removing holes 18. Under normal circumstances, the slag-removing holes 18 are in a closed state. The closing method can be achieved by bolt sealing, closure of an openable / closable cover, etc., and this application does not impose any limitations. The slag-removing holes 18 are preferably connected to the air duct 1 using a sealed welding method. When coking occurs in the molten slag pool, operators can use the slag-removing holes 18 to clean the slag, ensuring the normal operation of the molten slag furnace 3.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the furnace 2 includes a water-cooled wall 4 with an internal sealed cavity. The water-cooled wall 4 has an outlet at its top and an inlet at its bottom, allowing process water to enter the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall 4, exchange heat, and then flow out from the top. The furnace 2 preferably adopts a cylindrical structure made of sealed steel plate. Process water enters from the bottom of the water-cooled wall 4, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas inside the furnace 2, and then flows out from the top of the water-cooled wall 4, thereby cooling the steel plate in contact with the flue gas and extending the service life of the furnace.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, because the high-temperature flue gas combustion process may lead to an explosion, an explosion relief hole 6 is connected to the top surface of the incinerator flue 5. The explosion relief hole 6 can release pressure in dangerous situations to ensure equipment safety. A feeding hole 7 is provided on the bottom surface of the incinerator flue 5, and the feeding hole 7 is located above the slag furnace. Incinerators A and B have identical structures and are symmetrically arranged. Each incinerator A and incinerator B is equipped with a corresponding material elevator 14, which rapidly delivers hazardous waste to the feeding hole 7.

[0039] A thermometer 11, a pressure gauge 12, and an oxygen gauge 13 are connected to one outer end face of the incinerator flue 5 to monitor the conditions inside the flue 5 and adjust the air supply of the air duct 1 and the feeding hole 7 based on the detection data to ensure stable combustion. The center of the feeding hole 7 corresponds vertically to the center of the molten slag pool 3. A high-temperature insulated gate that can be opened and closed is connected to the feeding hole 7. By opening the high-temperature insulated gate, materials can be fed into the molten slag pool 3. The high-temperature insulated gate can extend into the incinerator flue 5 to close the feeding hole 7, or it can extend out of the incinerator flue 5 to expose the feeding hole 7. The high-temperature insulated gate can be opened manually or electrically. During feeding, solid waste or semi-solid hazardous waste is put into the molten slag pool 3 for incineration.

[0040] This application does not limit the structure, model, or specifications of the material lifting platform 14, and the choice can be made according to actual needs. Specifically, it can be implemented by a slide table on a motor-driven screw driving the lifting platform, a motor-driven belt driving the lifting platform, a cylinder push rod driving the lifting platform, or a hydraulic cylinder driving the lifting platform, etc.

[0041] In summary, this invention transforms the traditional single hazardous waste incinerator into two interchangeable A / B incinerators. This design avoids a complete shutdown due to a single incinerator failure, thus improving the system's operational efficiency. With two incinerators, if one incinerator fails and shuts down, the other can be started immediately. By adjusting the outlet flue damper valves of both incinerators, the incinerator requiring maintenance can be shut down while the system continues to operate, further enhancing the overall system efficiency.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this utility model should be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mutually switchable vertical double incinerator for hazardous waste, characterized in that, It includes a secondary combustion chamber flue (9) connected to a secondary combustion chamber (10). The left and right ends of the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) are respectively connected to incinerator A and incinerator B. There are opening and closing mechanisms between incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) and between incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9). The switching between incinerator A and incinerator B can be achieved by alternating opening and closing of the two opening and closing mechanisms.

2. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper (8) that can move up and down, and the flue damper (8) is used to adjust the connection and disconnection between the A incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) and between the B incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9).

3. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the A incinerator and the B incinerator include a slag furnace and an incinerator flue (5). The slag furnace is connected to the bottom of the incinerator flue. The incinerator flue (5) is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue (9). The flue damper (8) is located at the connection between the incinerator flue (5) and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9).

4. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slag furnace, from bottom to top, includes a slag pool (3), an air duct (1), and a furnace chamber (2) that are connected in sequence. The top of the furnace chamber (2) is connected to the flue gas duct (5) of the incinerator.

5. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slag pool (3) is provided with a discharge port (16) and a slag outlet (15). The slag outlet (15) is located at the top of the slag pool (3), and the discharge port (16) is located at the bottom of the slag pool (3).

6. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The discharge port (16) and slag outlet (15) are connected to the outer end face of the molten slag pool (3) and both are inclined downwards. The angle between the projection lines of the discharge port (16) and slag outlet (15) on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees.

7. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that, The air duct (1) is a circular pipe, which includes an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer and the inner layer form an independent cavity. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct (1), and the air inlet pipe forms a tangent to the air duct (1). Several air outlets (17) arranged at different angles are opened on the inner layer of the air duct (1). The air inlet pipe can be connected to a fan. The air blown by the fan enters the independent cavity from the tangential direction through the air inlet pipe, and is then sent out from the air outlets (17) to the top of the slag pool (3).

8. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer layer of the air duct (1) is sealed with a number of slag-removing holes (18); the slag-removing holes (18) are connected to the outer layer of the air duct (1) at different angles, and each slag-removing hole (18) corresponds to an air outlet (17) with a coaxial center line.

9. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that, The furnace (2) includes a water-cooled wall (4) with a sealed cavity inside. The top of the water-cooled wall (4) is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the water-cooled wall (4) is provided with an inlet, so that process water enters the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall (4) and flows out from the top after heat exchange.

10. The mutually switchable hazardous waste vertical dual incinerator according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 or 8, characterized in that, The top end surface of the incinerator flue (5) is communicated with a blast hole (6), the bottom end surface of the incinerator flue (5) is provided with a feeding hole (7) and the feeding hole (7) is located above the slag pool, a thermometer (11), a pressure gauge (12) and an oxygen gauge (13) are connected to the outer side end surface of the incinerator flue (5) for monitoring the situation in the incinerator flue (5); the center of the feeding hole (7) corresponds to the center of the slag pool (3) vertically, a high-temperature heat-insulating gate capable of being opened and closed is connected to the feeding hole (7), and the material can be fed into the slag pool (3) by opening the high-temperature heat-insulating gate.

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