A circuit for controlling voltage step change level conversion stability

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of control voltage mutation level conversion stable circuit, and circuit contains input end INPUT, output end OUTPUT and triode Q1, Q1 emitter connects INPUT, base connects base level voltage input end POWER_1, collector connects pull-up power supply end POWER_2 with OUTPUT, and there is resistance R3 in series between Q1 collector and pull-up power supply end POWER_2, diode D1 is connected between INPUT and POWER_1, according to Vpower_1 with Vinput size relationship, D1 positive and negative pole connection is dynamically adjusted, namely Vpower_1>Vinput, D1 positive pole connects INPUT, negative pole connects POWER_1;Vpower_1<Vinput is contrary then.Simultaneously set voltage control condition, when Vpower_1>Vbe+a (a is the maximum value of INPUT input low level, Vbe is Q1 base emitter voltage difference), Q1 is turned on;When Vpower_1-Vinput<Vbe, Q1 is not turned on.Based on basic triode conversion circuit, by increasing diode dynamic polarity adjustment and voltage condition restriction, realize level stable conversion when voltage mutation, improve circuit anti-interference and reliability, applicable to electronic system level conversion scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automotive electronic components, specifically a circuit for controlling the stable level transition of voltage sudden changes. Background Technology

[0002] In the development of intelligent and electrified automobiles, in-vehicle systems need to integrate various voltage devices such as 1.15V decoders, 3.3V microcontrollers, and 5V sensors. The role of transistor conversion circuits is to accurately match signals from different voltage domains, thereby ensuring reliable control and communication between modules such as ECUs, ADAS cameras, and millimeter-wave radars. It is an indispensable basic module in automotive electronic systems. Under normal use, transistor conversion circuits need to meet the condition of conducting at low levels and not conducting at high levels. However, in practical applications, voltage surges often occur when the input is high, which can cause circuit mis-conduction. This affects the stability of level conversion and leads to problems such as uncontrolled output. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a circuit for controlling the stable level transition of voltage sudden changes. This circuit is based on a basic transistor switching circuit and can achieve stable level transition under voltage sudden change scenarios.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A circuit for controlling the stable level transition of voltage sudden changes includes an input terminal INPUT and an output terminal OUTPUT. A transistor Q1 is connected between INPUT and OUTPUT. The emitter of Q1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT, the base of Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, and the collector of Q1 is connected to the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2 and the output terminal OUTPUT. A resistor R3 is connected in series between the collector of Q1 and the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2. A diode D1 is connected between INPUT and POWER_1. When Vpower_1 > Vinput, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to INPUT and the negative terminal is connected to POWER_1. When Vpower_1 < Vinput, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to POWER_1 and the negative terminal is connected to INPUT.

[0005] And meet the following voltage control conditions:

[0006] (1) When Vpower_1 > Vbe + a, transistor Q1 is turned on;

[0007] (2) When Vpower_1 - Vinput < Vbe, transistor Q1 is not conducting;

[0008] Where Vpower_1 is the voltage value input to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, Vinput is the voltage value input to the input terminal INPUT, a is the maximum value of the low level input to the input terminal INPUT, and Vbe is the voltage difference between the base and emitter of transistor Q1.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, this circuit adds a reverse protection device diode D1 between the input terminal INPUT and the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, and achieves stable level transition during voltage surges by precisely controlling the conduction and cutoff states of transistor Q1. Based on the relationship between Vpower_1 and Vinput, the positive and negative terminals of D1 are dynamically adjusted. When the voltage Vpower_1 at the base voltage input terminal POWER_1 is greater than the voltage difference Vbe between the base and emitter of transistor Q1 plus the maximum value 'a' of the low-level input, the output terminal OUTPUT is pulled low. Conversely, when the difference between Vpower_1 and Vinput is less than Vbe, transistor Q1 is not conducting, and the output terminal OUTPUT is pulled to the POWER_2 voltage through resistor R3, completing the switching of the output terminal OUTPUT to a high level. Resistor R3 effectively limits the current, preventing excessive current from damaging transistor Q1 or other circuit components. Furthermore, the introduction of resistor R3 further optimizes the efficiency of level conversion, making the output level more stable and improving the circuit's anti-interference capability. The flexible use of diode D1 avoids abnormal crosstalk between the INPUT and Q1 bases, further enhancing the circuit's stability.

[0010] This circuit, through the coordinated control of diodes and transistors, can stabilize the output level under voltage surge scenarios, effectively preventing output uncontrollable situations when the input voltage is abnormal. It exhibits significant level conversion stabilization, effectively handling voltage surges and protecting subsequent circuits from damage. Furthermore, based on a basic transistor conversion circuit, this circuit is simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to mass-produce and apply.

[0011] A further improvement in this invention is that diode D1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT via resistor R1.

[0012] By adopting the above further settings, diode D1 can effectively avoid the problem of inconsistent voltage between POWER_1 and INPUT before and after voltage change, thereby assisting transistor Q1 to better complete the level conversion function. This makes the entire circuit more stable and reliable when dealing with voltage change, effectively avoiding the loss of control at the output due to abnormal voltage. At the same time, it cleverly avoids the potential abnormality caused by abnormal cross-current between the two voltages, improving the stability of the circuit.

[0013] A further improvement in this invention is that the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1 via resistor R2.

[0014] By employing the above-described further configuration, not only is the stable operation of transistor Q1 ensured, but resistor R2 also effectively limits the current to the base, preventing excessive current from damaging transistor Q1. In the event of a voltage surge, resistor R2 effectively regulates the base voltage, thereby assisting transistor Q1 in better performing its level transition function. This makes the entire circuit more stable and reliable in the face of voltage surges, effectively preventing output uncontrollable situations caused by abnormal voltage. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram for when Vpower_1 < Vinput in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram for a specific embodiment of the present invention when Vpower_1 > Vinput. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0018] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, this utility model discloses a circuit for controlling voltage surge level transition stability, including an input terminal INPUT and an output terminal OUTPUT. A transistor Q1 is connected between INPUT and OUTPUT. The emitter of Q1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT, the base of Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, and the collector of Q1 is connected to the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2 and the output terminal OUTPUT. The base of transistor Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1 via resistor R2, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2 via resistor R3. A diode D1 is connected between INPUT and POWER_1, and diode D1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT via resistor R1. The resistance values ​​of each resistor can be adjusted as needed to ensure the stability and performance of the circuit.

[0019] When Vpower_1 > Vinput, such as Figure 2 As shown, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to INPUT, and the negative terminal is connected to POWER_1. When Vpower_1 < Vinput, as follows... Figure 1 As shown, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to POWER_1, and the negative terminal is connected to INPUT;

[0020] And meet the following voltage control conditions:

[0021] (1) When Vpower_1 > Vbe + a, transistor Q1 is turned on;

[0022] (2) When Vpower_1-Vinput<Vbe, transistor Q1 is not turned on (e.g., Vpower_1-Vinput_normal<Vbe, when INPUT input is high and normal, transistor Q1 is not turned on; Vpower_1-Vinput_abnormal<Vbe, when INPUT input is high and abnormal, i.e., abrupt change, transistor Q1 is not turned on).

[0023] Where Vpower_1 is the voltage value input to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, Vinput is the voltage value input to the input terminal INPUT, a is the maximum value of the low level input to the input terminal INPUT, and Vbe is the voltage difference between the base and emitter of transistor Q1.

[0024] The working principle of the entire circuit described above is as follows:

[0025] When the base voltage Vpower_1 is greater than the input voltage Vinput, the positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to INPUT and the negative terminal is connected to POWER_1. At this time, the circuit enters the normal operating state. If Vpower_1 further satisfies the condition of being greater than the voltage difference Vbe between the base and emitter of transistor Q1 plus a preset value a (i.e., Vpower_1 > Vbe + a), then transistor Q1 is turned on, and the input voltage Vinput is low and can be successfully transmitted to the output terminal OUTPUT.

[0026] Conversely, when the difference between Vpower_1 and Vinput is less than Vbe (i.e., Vpower_1 - Vinput < Vbe), transistor Q1 is not turned on, and the circuit is in the off state. The output terminal OUTPUT is pulled to the POWER_2 voltage through resistor R3 to realize the level conversion function, effectively preventing malfunctions caused by voltage fluctuations.

[0027] In summary, this invention, through ingenious circuit structure design and precise voltage control conditions, achieves effective suppression of voltage surges and stable control of level transitions, providing a more reliable and stable level transition solution for related electronic devices.

Claims

1. A circuit for controlling the stabilization of voltage level transitions during sudden voltage changes, comprising an input terminal INPUT and an output terminal OUTPUT, wherein a transistor Q1 is connected between INPUT and OUTPUT, the emitter of Q1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT, the base of Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, the collector of Q1 is connected to the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2 and the output terminal OUTPUT, and a resistor R3 is connected in series between the collector of Q1 and the pull-up power supply terminal POWER_2, characterized in that... A diode D1 is connected between INPUT and POWER_1. When Vpower_1 > Vinput, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to INPUT and the negative terminal is connected to POWER_1. When Vpower_1 < Vinput, the positive terminal of D1 is connected to POWER_1 and the negative terminal is connected to INPUT. And meet the following voltage control conditions: (1) When Vpower_1 > Vbe + a, transistor Q1 is turned on; (2) When Vpower_1 - Vinput < Vbe, transistor Q1 is not conducting; Where Vpower_1 is the voltage value input to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1, Vinput is the voltage value input to the input terminal INPUT, a is the maximum value of the low level input to the input terminal INPUT, and Vbe is the voltage difference between the base and emitter of transistor Q1.

2. The circuit for stabilizing voltage level transitions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Diode D1 is connected to the input terminal INPUT via resistor R1.

3. The circuit for stabilizing voltage level transitions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base of transistor Q1 is connected to the base voltage input terminal POWER_1 via resistor R2.

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