Drilling rigs used for smooth blasting construction in deep-buried high-stress tunnels

Abstract

This utility model discloses a drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels, relating to the field of tunnel construction technology. It includes a frame, on which a rock-drilling assembly and a drive component are mounted. The rock-drilling assembly includes a drill rod, and the drive component drives the drill rod to move. A drill bit is located at the end of the drill rod away from the drive component. A temporary support assembly is mounted on the drill rod, including a mounting ring. Connecting rods are hinged to both ends of a support plate, with one connecting rod hinged to the side wall of the mounting ring. A slider is hinged to the end of the other connecting rod away from the support plate, and the slider slides against the side wall of the mounting ring. A first spring, made of shape memory metal, is located on the side of the support plate near the mounting ring. Both ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to adjacent side walls to reduce the risk of borehole collapse in high-stress construction environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a drilling rig used for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Deep-buried high-stress tunnels, due to their great depth and high ground stress levels, often have surrounding rock under high compression, exhibiting a significant tendency for rockburst or already experiencing it, posing a severe challenge to construction safety and efficiency. Smooth blasting technology plays a crucial role in the construction of such tunnels. Its core objective is to create a smooth, regular excavation profile, minimizing disturbance to the remaining surrounding rock, thereby reducing over- and under-excavation, controlling stress concentration, suppressing or mitigating rockburst occurrences, and providing a good foundation for subsequent support. The entire smooth blasting technology system includes precise blasting design (borehole layout, charge structure, detonation sequence, etc.) and high-quality construction implementation, with borehole drilling technology being the most fundamental and critical link; its accuracy and quality directly determine the final effect of smooth blasting.

[0003] However, drilling operations in deeply buried high-stress tunnels, especially smooth blasting drilling, present significant and complex risks. The most immediate risk is rockburst. The drilling process itself creates new free surfaces and disturbances within high-stress rock masses. During drilling, especially when the drill bit approaches the bottom of the hole or penetrates stress concentration zones, accumulated strain energy may be suddenly released, leading to small to medium-sized rockbursts (such as borehole rockbursts) inside or near the borehole opening. These rock fragments are ejected at high speed, the borehole wall fracturing, and may even be accompanied by loud noises and shockwaves, posing a serious threat to the drilling rig, drill rod, and nearby personnel. Secondly, the risk of stuck drill pipe is exceptionally high. High ground stress results in complex internal rock structures, making it easy to encounter fractured rock zones, stress-induced "rock cakes," or debris generated by stress adjustment that blocks the gap between the borehole wall and the drill rod, causing the drill rod to become tightly stuck and difficult to pull out. This not only damages the drilling tools and delays the project, but the process of dealing with stuck drill pipe (such as forceful pulling or vibration treatment) may also induce larger-scale rockbursts. Third, the risk of borehole deviation is exacerbated. Rock masses under high geostress environments may have non-uniform stress fields or hidden structural planes. During drilling, the drill bit is easily affected by lateral forces and may drift, causing the borehole trajectory to deviate from the designed direction. This deviation is amplified in long boreholes, severely affecting the blasting effect and profile control.

[0004] However, the rock drilling rigs used in existing technologies often rely on the experience and quick response capabilities of the construction personnel during the construction process. Operators need to perform corresponding support or pressure relief operations in a timely manner according to the condition of the blast hole. If the construction personnel are not experienced enough, the collapse of the hole or rock burst may occur during the construction process, causing safety accidents and delays in the construction period. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels includes a frame. A rock-drilling assembly and a drive unit are mounted on the frame. The rock-drilling assembly is used to impact and break rock. The rock-drilling assembly includes a drill rod. The drive unit drives the drill rod to move. A drill bit is provided at the end of the drill rod away from the drive unit. A temporary support assembly is provided on the drill rod. The temporary support assembly includes an installation ring. The installation ring is fitted onto the drill rod. Several support plates are provided on the sidewall of the installation ring. Connecting rods are hinged to both ends of each support plate. Any one of the connecting rods is hinged to the sidewall of the installation ring. A slider is hinged to the end of the other connecting rod away from the support plate, and the slider slides against the sidewall of the installation ring. A first spring is provided on the side of each support plate near the installation ring. The first spring is made of shape memory metal, and both ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to adjacent sidewalls.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0009] The design of the temporary support component in this utility model utilizes a first spring to provide temporary support for the borehole wall, thereby reducing the impact on construction caused by the rapid contraction or collapse of the borehole due to high ground stress during the drilling process.

[0010] Compared to existing technologies, since the first spring is made of shape memory metal, the support capacity of the temporary support component in this device can increase as the temperature inside the borehole rises, adapting to the characteristic that the borehole is prone to instability due to temperature rise, and further reducing the probability of borehole collapse.

[0011] Furthermore, the support plates are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod.

[0012] Beneficial effects: Compared with existing technologies, the uniformly arranged support plates in this solution can significantly reduce stress concentration on the sidewall of the blast hole during the support process caused by uneven distribution of the supporting force applied by the support plates, thereby reducing the probability of the blast hole becoming unstable due to stress concentration.

[0013] Furthermore, the support plate is provided with a protective component, which includes a first chamber opened on the support plate. The first chamber contains a shear-thickening fluid. The first chamber has several openings at one time away from the connecting rod, and each opening is provided with a baffle. The baffle is made of shape memory metal.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This solution utilizes the design of protective components and shear-thickening fluid to absorb the impact kinetic energy of the rock strata. Compared with existing technologies, this solution can significantly reduce the probability of rockbursts during construction.

[0015] Furthermore, both the first spring and the baffle are made of bidirectional memory metal.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This solution, through the design of bidirectional shape memory metal, enables the first spring and the baffle to exhibit different states according to different temperatures, in order to adapt to different construction environments, compared with existing technologies.

[0017] Furthermore, the baffle is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first chamber.

[0018] Beneficial effects: By connecting the baffle to the side wall of the first chamber, this solution avoids the reduction in contact area between the baffle and the side wall of the borehole after the baffle is rolled up, which would otherwise cause stress concentration at the contact point between the side wall of the borehole and the baffle, thus affecting the stability of the borehole.

[0019] Furthermore, each of the first springs is fitted with an elastic element, and both ends of the elastic element are fixedly connected to the adjacent sidewall.

[0020] Beneficial effects: This solution utilizes the design of elastic components to protect the first spring and reduces heat loss from the first spring by using the cavity of the elastic component. Compared with existing technologies, this solution avoids the phenomenon of stress concentration in the first spring caused by sudden cooling of the first spring during the cooling process of the drill bit by construction personnel using traditional cooling methods.

[0021] Furthermore, the mounting ring is provided with a clutch assembly, the clutch structure including a flywheel, the flywheel being coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill pipe, a friction disc being provided on either side of the flywheel, the friction disc being coaxially and fixedly connected to the mounting ring, the mounting ring being slidably engaged with the drill pipe, a first electromagnet being provided inside both the friction disc and the flywheel, and a second spring being fixedly connected to the side wall of the flywheel near the friction disc, a sliding groove being opened on the side of the friction disc near the flywheel, and the second spring being rotatably engaged with the friction disc through the sliding groove.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The design of the clutch assembly in this solution allows construction personnel to determine whether the drill rod needs to transmit torque to the mounting ring according to the requirements. Compared with the existing technology, this solution can transmit part of the torque of the drill rod to the mounting ring through the clutch assembly, thereby using centrifugal force to detach the crushed stone stuck on the connecting rod from the device.

[0023] Furthermore, the mounting ring is provided with an isolation sleeve, and the isolation sleeve has a magnetic shielding coating on the side near the first electromagnet.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The design of the isolation sleeve in this solution can effectively prevent the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnet during operation from affecting the operation of the drill rod, compared with the existing technology.

[0025] Furthermore, the protective assembly also includes a high-pressure water pump, which is fixedly connected to the frame. A second chamber is formed inside the mounting ring, and the second chamber is connected to the output end of the high-pressure water pump. Several through holes are formed on the side wall of the mounting ring away from the drill rod, and the second chamber is connected to the outside through the through holes.

[0026] Beneficial effects: This solution, through the design of a high-pressure water pump, allows construction personnel to start the high-pressure water pump according to the specific conditions of the construction site, and use high-pressure water to depressurize the blast holes, further reducing the occurrence of rock bursts, compared with existing technologies.

[0027] Furthermore, a filter assembly is provided at the output end of the high-pressure water pump. The filter assembly includes a sand remover and several filter tanks. The input end of the sand remover is connected to the water source. The output end of any one of the filter tanks is connected to the high-pressure water pump. The input end of any one of the remaining filter tanks is connected to the output end of the sand remover. All the remaining filter tanks are connected to adjacent filter tanks.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Through the design of the filtration components, this solution can effectively prevent impurities in the water source from adversely affecting the equipment and boreholes, thus extending the equipment's lifespan, compared to existing technologies.

[0029] Furthermore, each sidewall of the through hole is unidirectionally hinged with a baffle, and a torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge point between the baffle and the sidewall of the through hole.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Compared with existing technologies, the baffle design in this solution can effectively reduce the risk of gravel and dust entering the second chamber through the through holes during construction, which would affect the flow of subsequent high-pressure water and thus the pressure relief effect of the high-pressure water.

[0031] Furthermore, both the slider and the mounting ring are equipped with a second electromagnet.

[0032] Beneficial effects: The design of the second electromagnet in this solution, compared with the existing technology, enables this solution to reduce the adverse effects of temporary support components on the borehole when facing extreme situations where support cannot be applied.

[0033] Furthermore, all the sliders are detachably connected to the mounting ring.

[0034] Beneficial effects: Compared with existing technologies, this solution allows for the detachable connection of the slider and the mounting ring. This enables the current to be cut off from the second electromagnet during the pressure relief process using high-pressure water in extreme cases where surface support is not feasible. This prevents electrical leakage and other safety accidents during construction. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the temporary support component in this utility model;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a top sectional view of the temporary support component in this utility model.

[0038] The reference numerals in the attached drawings represent: 1. Drill pipe; 2. Temporary support assembly; 21. Mounting ring; 22. Connecting rod; 221. Slider; 222. First electromagnet; 23. Support plate; 231. First chamber; 232. Baffle; 24. Second chamber; 241. Baffle; 25. Clutch assembly; 251. Flywheel; 252. Friction disc; 26. First spring; 27. Annular groove; 3. Drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are for explaining the utility model only and are not intended to limit the utility model. It should be noted that this utility model is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, this embodiment includes a frame on which a rock-drilling assembly and a drive unit are mounted. The rock-drilling assembly is used for impact-breaking rock. In this embodiment, the drive unit is a diesel engine; in other embodiments, a hydraulic pump, etc., may also be used. The rock-drilling assembly includes a drill rod 1. The drive unit drives the drill rod 1 to move. The drill rod 1 is welded and fixed to the output end of the drive unit. A drill bit 3 is welded and fixed to the end of the drill rod 1 away from the drive unit. A temporary support assembly 2 is provided on the drill rod 1. The temporary support assembly 2 includes a mounting ring 21, which is sleeved on the drill rod 1. In this embodiment, the mounting ring 21 is rotatably connected to the drill rod 1. The side wall of the mounting ring 21 is provided with several support plates 23. Plates 23 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod 1. Both ends of the support plate 23 are hinged with connecting rods 22, and any one of the connecting rods 22 is hinged to the side wall of the mounting ring 21. The other connecting rod 22 is hinged to a slider 221 at the end away from the support plate 23, and the slider 221 slides with the side wall of the mounting ring 21. Each side of the support plate 23 near the mounting ring 21 is provided with a first spring 26, and the material of the first spring 26 is memory metal. Both ends of the first spring 26 are welded and fixed to the side wall of the adjacent connecting rod 22. Each first spring 26 is fitted with an elastic element. In this embodiment, the elastic element is perfluoroether rubber, and both ends of the elastic element are bonded and fixed to the adjacent side wall.

[0042] The specific implementation method is as follows: When the construction personnel use this solution to carry out the pre-blasting treatment work, the drive unit is started. The drive unit drives the drill bit 3 to work through the drill rod 1 to drill holes in the rock strata. As the drilling progresses, the connecting rod 22 and the support plate 23 enter the blast hole one after another. Due to the action of the first spring 26, in the initial state, the two connecting rods 22 are close to each other. As the support plate 23 enters, the reaction force applied to the support plate 23 by the side wall of the blast hole pushes the support plate 23 to move along the radial direction of the drill rod 1 towards the axis of the drill rod 1. The support plate 23 drives the two connecting rods 22 to move. At this time, the first spring 26 is stretched by the connecting rod 22. The first spring 26 generates a mechanical response to resist deformation, preventing the support plate 23 from continuing to move, thereby helping the support plate 23 to prevent the deformation of the blast hole wall.

[0043] Due to the elasticity of the deep-buried, high-stress construction environment, the rock mass is prone to deformation under high stress during construction, which can cause the borehole to shrink rapidly and lead to accidents such as stuck drill bits. In the implementation of this solution, when the borehole shrinks rapidly, Hooke's Law applies a higher elastic force to the connecting rod 22 as the deformation of the first spring 26 intensifies. This increases the spring force, which in turn increases the ability of the support plate 23 to prevent the borehole wall from shrinking further, thereby reducing the risk of borehole collapse caused by rapid borehole shrinkage.

[0044] As drilling progresses, factors such as friction between the drill bit 3 and the rock strata, energy consumption from rock breaking, and vibration of the drill bit 3 cause the temperature inside the borehole to rise continuously. At this time, due to the different expansion coefficients of the surrounding rock, stress imbalance occurs around the borehole, leading to cracks. Simultaneously, high temperatures can easily cause some rock strata to dehydrate, forming micro-cracks. The aforementioned thermal damage to the borehole can easily cause structural instability and collapse. However, in the real-time process of this scheme, as the temperature inside the borehole rises, the first spring 26 is heated, and its crystal structure undergoes a reversible phase transition. When the temperature of the first spring 26 reaches its material's phase transition temperature, the stiffness of the first spring 26 increases significantly. This makes it increasingly difficult for the support plate 23 to pull the first spring 26 to deform via the connecting rod 22. In other words, it becomes more difficult for the borehole wall to push the support plate 23 to move, thus increasing the support plate 23's ability to support the borehole wall. This reduces the potential for borehole instability and collapse caused by rising borehole temperature during drilling.

[0045] Meanwhile, the design of the support plate 23 being evenly arranged along the axis of the drill rod 1 in this scheme allows the support force applied by the support plate 23 to the borehole wall to be evenly distributed along the circumference of the borehole, avoiding stress concentration caused by uneven distribution of support force when the support plate 23 is working, thereby reducing the instability of the borehole that may be caused by stress concentration.

[0046] Furthermore, this design utilizes an elastic element to enclose the first spring 26, preventing wear and tear on the first spring 26 during drilling and thus reducing its lifespan. Simultaneously, the elastic element and connecting rod 22 together create a cavity, hindering airflow around the first spring 26. Since air is a poor conductor of heat, when workers cool the drill bit 3 with high-pressure air or mud, the high-pressure air or mud cannot quickly absorb the heat from the first spring 26, causing sudden cooling and stress concentration within the first spring 26. This can lead to brittle fracture of the first spring 26 during subsequent operation.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The difference from the above embodiment is that: the support plate 23 is provided with a protective component, the protective component includes a first chamber 231 opened on the support plate 23, the first chamber 231 contains a shear thickening fluid, the first chamber 231 has several openings away from the connecting rod 22, and each opening is provided with a baffle 232, the first spring 26 and the baffle 232 are both made of bidirectional shape memory metal, and when the temperature is below the phase change temperature of the baffle 232, the baffle 232 completely covers the opening, when the temperature reaches the phase change temperature of the baffle 232, the baffle 232 curls up and exposes the opening, the baffle 232 is welded and fixed to the side wall of the first chamber 231.

[0049] The protective assembly also includes a high-pressure water pump, which is fixedly connected to the frame by bolts. The mounting ring 21 has a second chamber 24, which is connected to the output end of the high-pressure water pump. The mounting ring 21 has several through holes on its side wall away from the drill rod 1, and the second chamber 24 is connected to the outside through the through holes.

[0050] A filter assembly is provided at the output end of the high-pressure water pump. The filter assembly includes a sand separator and several filter tanks. The input end of the sand separator is connected to the water source. The output end of any one of the filter tanks is connected to the high-pressure water pump. The input end of any one of the remaining filter tanks is connected to the output end of the sand separator. All the remaining filter tanks are connected to their adjacent filter tanks.

[0051] The specific implementation method is as follows: During the drilling process using this device, as drilling progresses, the support plate 23 enters the borehole to support the borehole wall. During this process, when the borehole contracts rapidly due to high ground stress, the impact force of the inner wall of the borehole on the support plate 23 increases instantaneously. Due to the characteristics of shear-thickening fluid, temporary particle aggregation is formed inside, thereby absorbing the impact kinetic energy transmitted from the borehole to the support plate 23, reducing the impact kinetic energy on the support plate 23. At the same time, by absorbing the impact kinetic energy inside the borehole, the stress of the rock layer is released, thereby reducing the risk of rock bursts during drilling.

[0052] Meanwhile, during the drilling process, as the temperature inside the borehole rises, the probability of rockburst increases due to the superposition of thermal stress and ground stress. When the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature of the baffle 232, the baffle 232 begins to curl up, exposing the opening. The shear-thickening fluid in the first chamber 231 flows out from the opening and enters the borehole. Under the influence of gravity and other factors, it enters the cracks in the borehole. Utilizing the properties of the shear-thickening fluid, it absorbs the stress in the rock mass, reducing the probability of cracks being aggravated by ground stress, and further reducing the probability of rockburst.

[0053] In this design, a bidirectional shape memory metal baffle 232 and a first spring 26 are used. After specific training, the baffle 232 and the first spring 26 exhibit a specific high-temperature phase shape at high temperatures (the stiffness of the first spring 26 increases significantly, and the baffle 232 curls up), and exhibit a low-temperature phase shape when the temperature drops (the stiffness of the first spring 26 decreases, and the baffle 232 completely covers the corresponding opening). This allows the device to adjust according to the temperature inside the borehole to adapt to different construction environments and reduce the waste of shear thickening fluid.

[0054] Meanwhile, the scheme of fixing the baffle 232 to the side wall of the first chamber 231 in this way avoids the side wall of the borehole from hindering the baffle 232 from rolling up. At the same time, it can also reduce the contact area between the baffle 232 and the borehole after the baffle 232 is rolled up, so as to cause stress concentration at the contact position between the side wall of the borehole and the baffle 232, thereby affecting the stability of the borehole.

[0055] Simultaneously, during drilling, construction personnel can coordinate with other monitoring equipment to monitor the rock strata in the construction environment in real time. When an increased risk of rockburst is detected at the construction site, a suitable water source is selected on-site and connected to a desander. A high-pressure water pump is then activated. As the high-pressure water pump operates, the water passes through the desander to remove sand, and then through several filter tanks to filter out impurities that may adversely affect the equipment or borehole. The high-pressure water pump then pressurizes the water and pumps it into the borehole through the second chamber 24 and the through-hole. Under the action of high-pressure water, the rock strata fracture network expands, and the rock strata energy is released, thereby significantly reducing the occurrence of rockbursts during subsequent construction. Furthermore, the design of the filter components in this scheme reduces the impact of impurities on the equipment and borehole, improving the service life of various equipment and the stability of the borehole.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference from the above embodiment is that: the mounting ring 21 is provided with a clutch assembly 25, the clutch structure includes a flywheel 251, the flywheel 251 is coaxially welded and fixed to the drill rod 1, a friction disk 252 is provided on either side of the flywheel 251, the friction disk 252 is coaxially welded and fixed to the mounting ring 21, the mounting ring 21 is slidably engaged with the drill rod 1, a first electromagnet 222 is embedded in both the friction disk 252 and the flywheel, and a second spring is fixedly welded and fixed to the side wall of the flywheel 251 near the friction disk 252, a sliding groove is opened on the side of the friction disk 252 near the flywheel 251, and the second spring is rotatably engaged with the friction disk 252 through the sliding groove.

[0058] In this embodiment, a connecting ring is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the mounting ring 21, and an annular groove 27 is opened inside the connecting ring. The annular groove 27 communicates with the second chamber 24 and is also connected to the high-pressure water pump.

[0059] An isolation sleeve is provided inside the mounting ring 21. The isolation sleeve has a magnetic shielding coating on the side near the first electromagnet 222. The isolation sleeve wraps around the flying disc and the friction disc 252. In this embodiment, the magnetic shielding coating is made of permalloy powder.

[0060] Each sidewall of the through hole is unidirectionally hinged with a baffle 241, and a torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge point between the baffle 241 and the sidewall of the through hole. One end of the torsion spring is welded and fixed to the baffle 241, and the other end of the torsion spring is welded and fixed to the sidewall of the through hole.

[0061] A second electromagnet is embedded in both the slider 221 and the mounting ring 21.

[0062] The sliders 221 are all detachably connected to the mounting rings 21 via snap fasteners.

[0063] The specific implementation method is as follows: In this scheme, due to the design of the temporary support components 2 such as the support plate 23, when the construction personnel use the traditional slag removal method to remove slag from the blast hole, some rock fragments may get stuck between the connecting rods 22, thus affecting the subsequent movement of the connecting rods 22. Therefore, after drilling has been going on for a certain period of time, the construction personnel can activate the first electromagnet 222. The first electromagnet 222 generates magnetic force to attract each other, and the friction disc 252 drives the mounting ring 21 to move towards the flywheel 251 until the friction disc 252 contacts the flywheel 251. Under the action of friction, the flywheel 251 drives... The friction disc 252 rotates synchronously. At this time, the torque of the drill rod 1 is transmitted to the mounting ring 21 through the flywheel 251 and the friction disc 252, causing the mounting ring 21 to rotate. During the rotation of the mounting ring 21, the rock fragments stuck between the connecting rods 22 move away from the axis of the mounting ring 21 under the action of centrifugal force, thus detaching from the connecting rods 22. Subsequently, after the construction personnel cut off the power supply of the first electromagnet 222, the magnetic force disappears, the second spring resets, and pushes the friction disc 252 away from the flywheel 251. At this time, the drill rod 1 can no longer transmit torque to the mounting ring 21, and the mounting ring 21 then stops rotating.

[0064] Meanwhile, the design of the isolation sleeve used in this solution isolates the magnetic field of the first electromagnet 222 from the influence of other electrical components in the device. The design of the isolation sleeve can also reduce the magnetization of the drill rod 1 by the first electromagnet 222, causing the drill rod 1 to attract surrounding rock debris and affect the subsequent torque transmission of the drill rod 1.

[0065] Meanwhile, the clutch assembly 25 is designed so that when high-pressure water is needed for rockburst prevention, the construction personnel can activate the first electromagnet 222, so that the torque of the drill rod 1 can be transmitted to the mounting ring 21. By rotating the mounting ring 21, the angle at which the high-pressure water is pumped out from the second chamber 24 is changed, thereby realizing the injection of high-pressure water to various positions of the blast hole and improving the injection efficiency.

[0066] In this design, the one-way hinged baffle 241 effectively prevents debris and other contaminants from entering the second chamber 24 through the through-hole, thus blocking it and affecting the flow of high-pressure water. Furthermore, the torsion spring design allows the baffle 241 to automatically close the through-hole after the high-pressure water pump is stopped, further preventing debris and dust from entering the second chamber 24. The torsion spring and baffle 241 design also increase the resistance to high-pressure water flow through the through-hole.

[0067] During the rotation of the mounting ring 21, due to the centrifugal force, the baffle 241 moves away from the second chamber 24, opening the through hole. At this time, the construction personnel can intermittently adjust the current of the first electromagnet 222, thereby intermittently changing the magnetic force between the first electromagnets 222, and thus intermittently changing the positive pressure applied by the friction disc 252 to the side wall of the flywheel 251. This causes the drill rod 1 to intermittently transmit torque to the mounting ring 21, thereby causing the through hole to open intermittently. This allows for the adjustment of the flow rate of high-pressure water entering the blast hole to meet the rockburst prevention requirements of the blast hole under different construction environments.

[0068] Meanwhile, during construction, the workers continuously monitor the blast holes and their surroundings. If extreme situations arise, such as a continuous crack between adjacent blast holes, using the support plate 23 for temporary support could potentially trigger a chain reaction of rock collapses. In such cases, the workers should immediately abandon the temporary support plan. By activating the second electromagnet, the slider 221 is moved away from the connecting rod 22, forcibly rotating the connecting rod 22 to move the support plate 23 away from the blast hole sidewall. Subsequently, the high-pressure water pump is activated to depressurize the blast hole. In this scheme, the slider 221 and the mounting ring 21 are detachably connected. When the second electromagnet moves the slider 221 to a suitable position, the two engage. At this point, the workers can cut off the current to the second electromagnet, reducing energy waste during subsequent depressurization and also lowering the risk of electrical leakage due to damage to the second electromagnet, which could lead to a safety accident.

[0069] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels, comprising a frame, wherein a rock-drilling assembly and a drive component are provided on the frame, the rock-drilling assembly is used for impact crushing of rock, the rock-drilling assembly includes a drill rod (1), the drive component is used for driving the drill rod (1) to move, and a drill bit (3) is provided at the end of the drill rod (1) away from the drive component, characterized in that: The drill pipe (1) is provided with a temporary support assembly (2). The temporary support assembly (2) includes an installation ring (21). The installation ring (21) is sleeved on the drill pipe (1). The side wall of the installation ring (21) is provided with several support plates (23). Both ends of the support plate (23) are hinged with connecting rods (22). Any one of the connecting rods (22) is hinged to the side wall of the installation ring (21). The other connecting rod (22) is hinged to a slider (221) at the end away from the support plate (23). The slider (221) slides with the side wall of the installation ring (21). The side of the support plate (23) near the installation ring (21) is provided with a first spring (26). The material of the first spring (26) is memory metal. Both ends of the first spring (26) are fixedly connected to the adjacent side wall.

2. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (23) is uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod (1).

3. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (23) is provided with a protective component, which includes a first chamber (231) opened on the support plate (23). The first chamber (231) contains a shear-thickening fluid. The first chamber (231) has several openings on the side away from the connecting rod (22), and each opening is provided with a baffle (232). The baffle (232) is made of shape memory metal.

4. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first spring (26) and the baffle (232) are both made of bidirectional memory metal.

5. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle (232) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first chamber (231).

6. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the first springs (26) is fitted with an elastic element, and both ends of the elastic element are fixedly connected to the adjacent sidewall.

7. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting ring (21) is provided with a clutch assembly (25), which includes a flywheel (251). The flywheel (251) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill rod (1). A friction disc (252) is provided on either side of the flywheel (251). The friction disc (252) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the mounting ring (21). The mounting ring (21) is slidably engaged with the drill rod (1). A first electromagnet (222) is provided in both the friction disc (252) and the flywheel. A second spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the flywheel (251) near the friction disc (252). A groove is opened on the side of the friction disc (252) near the flywheel (251). The second spring rotates and engages with the friction disc (252) through the groove.

8. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mounting ring (21) is provided with an isolation sleeve, and the isolation sleeve is provided with a magnetic shielding coating on the side near the first electromagnet (222).

9. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective assembly also includes a high-pressure water pump, which is fixedly connected to the frame. The mounting ring (21) has a second chamber (24) inside, which is connected to the output end of the high-pressure water pump. The mounting ring (21) has several through holes on its side wall away from the drill rod (1), and the second chamber (24) is connected to the outside through the through holes.

10. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: A filter assembly is provided at the output end of the high-pressure water pump. The filter assembly includes a sand separator and several filter tanks. The input end of the sand separator is connected to the water source. The output end of any one of the filter tanks is connected to the high-pressure water pump. The input end of any one of the remaining filter tanks is connected to the output end of the sand separator. All the remaining filter tanks are connected to their adjacent filter tanks.

11. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deeply buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 10, characterized in that: Each sidewall of the through hole is hinged with a baffle (241) in one direction, and a torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge point between the baffle (241) and the sidewall of the through hole.

12. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 11, characterized in that: Both the slider (221) and the mounting ring (21) are equipped with a second electromagnet.

13. The drilling rig for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel according to claim 12, characterized in that: The sliders (221) are all detachably connected to the mounting rings (21).

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