Multi-source systems

Abstract

This utility model relates to a multi-source system comprising a motor (M) of the type including a rotor and a stator (1), the stator (1) comprising a plurality of windings (10, 11, 12) made of turns of isolated conductive material, each winding (10, 11, 12) comprising a plurality of independently powered coils (100, 101, 102), wherein the system further comprises a plurality of DC power supplies and a plurality of power electronic converters associated with the different coils (100, 101, 102) of the motor (M), each power supply supplying power to one or more power electronic converters, and each power supply being connected to at least one coil (100, 101, 102) of each winding (10, 11, 12) of the motor (M).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-source system. It also relates to a method for controlling the multi-source system. This invention relates to fields such as airborne network power generation in aviation, wind turbines, or inertial storage associated with multiple networks. Background Technology

[0002] In common "multi-source" solutions, power transfer between sources is accomplished through mechanical forces. However, this introduces disturbances such as radial force or torque fluctuations within the machine. In fact, these mechanical phenomena can cause vibrations and shorten the lifespan of mechanical components. Furthermore, in these configurations, power transfer between sources is limited by the considered torque / speed operating point. This transfer can also cause non-uniformity in the induced field within the machine, resulting in additional losses.

[0003] There are two types of structures that allow energy to be exchanged between sources via mechanical force:

[0004] 1) The structure is subdivided into multiple sectors based on the number of pole pairs in the machine. This is called a sectorized machine. This subdivision allows for multiple electrically independent three-phase subsystems with only weak magnetic coupling. Therefore, power transfer between different sources unnecessarily increases the induction level in the machine and interferes with radial forces. Radial forces can be compensated for by adding current along the direct axis of the magnetic flux in the machine. All these factors mean that power transfer between the three-phase subsystems in these structures is complex, lossy, and can only be performed within a small operating area.

[0005] 2) A so-called multiphase structure is subdivided into multiple independent subsystems with a prime number of phases. Therefore, the total number of phases is not prime, allowing the use of multiple power sources. Typically, for industrial standardization reasons, a solution with multiple three-phase systems is adopted. This is referred to here as a multi-phase machine. This subdivision allows for multiple electrically independent and moderately magnetically coupled three-phase subsystems. Therefore, power transfer between different sources also causes induction non-uniformity in the machine's magnetic circuit (and thus increases iron losses) and interferes with torque harmonics.

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve at least one of these drawbacks. Utility Model Content

[0007] This objective is achieved through a multi-source system comprising an electric motor, which is of the type including a rotor and a stator, the stator comprising multiple windings made of isolated conductive material, each winding comprising multiple independently powered coils.

[0008] The system also includes multiple direct current (DC) power supplies and multiple power electronic converters associated with different coils of the motor, each power supply supplying power to one or more power electronic converters, and each power supply being connected to at least one coil of each winding of the motor.

[0009] The proposed invention improves the use of motors in multi-source power supply environments by decoupling power transmission between sources mechanically. According to this invention, electricity is transmitted primarily through electromagnetic phenomena, eliminating the aforementioned mechanical interference. The power transmission range is expanded, and conversion efficiency is improved. This invention also increases the degree of freedom in determining the number of power sources interconnected via motors.

[0010] This invention is comparable to conventional structures in terms of manufacturing complexity. However, it expands the achievable range of power transmission and improves power transmission efficiency. Finally, it allows for the combination of a greater number of sources than any other solution.

[0011] Coils with the same winding are supplied with signals of the same phase, and the stator includes slots.

[0012] Each slot accommodates a coil with the same winding, and the coils with the same winding are powered by a separate power source.

[0013] The windings according to this utility model can be "distributed", "toothed / concentric", or even "partial pitch" depending on the implementation method.

[0014] Multiple windings can be divided into at least two regions.

[0015] These at least two regions can correspond to motor sectors. m p - Phase motor system. A "sector" refers to the region of the motor that corresponds to at least one pair of magnetic poles of the stator.

[0016] The at least two regions can be divided such that each part of each region is associated with a power electronic converter, and the part and the power electronic converter of that part constitute a basic electromechanical conversion unit.

[0017] Each basic electromechanical conversion unit can be associated with a power source.

[0018] Generally, a general-purpose machine with m phases, p stator poles, and Ns turns per pole and per phase can result in a large number of [machines / devices]. p k B The electromechanical conversion unit (group inverter and part), in which k B It is an integer divisor of Ns. If m is not a prime number, such that...m = n m p Therefore, m phases can also be divided into n phases. m p -phase system. This results in a total p n k B A basic unit. The basic electromechanical conversion unit may involve prime numbers. m p Each phase.

[0019] In most cases, this prime number is m p =3.

[0020] The basic electromechanical conversion unit includes coils associated with its own static power electronic converter (inverter). m p - Phase system. The converter is associated with one of the DC sources in the system, delivering voltage U. DC,i There are two ways to use these. m p Methods for arranging coils in a converter:

[0021] In the first method, the converter has m p There are three inverter arms, each associated with a coil. The coils share a common potential called "neutral." This neutral point applies zero-sequence current to the structure.

[0022] In the second configuration, the converter has m p Each of the four inverter bridges is associated with a coil. There is no neutral point, thus requiring twice as many switches and control of the zero-sequence component. This component has no effect on torque but can be used for power transfer between sources.

[0023] This invention proposes a winding fractionation method that separates the distribution of mechanical forces (torque harmonics or radial forces) from the energy transfer between sources. For this purpose, the multi-source structure must possess… k B Each source sends to p Powered by n converters, all converters associated with each source are connected to the coils of each winding of the motor. Control of torque harmonics and radial forces is relevant in some applications (low torque ripple or “bearingless” applications, respectively). Therefore, to retain these actions / controls, this invention proposes a combination of splitting the windings into multiple coils and further subdividing them into regions, such as sectors or multiphase systems, and prioritizes control structures to maintain decoupling between energy transfer and mechanical forces.

[0024] m p A phase system can correspond to electrical angles that are not multiples of 60° in time. m p A single-phase motor system. This corresponds to a multiphase structure with a number of electrical different phases that are multiples of three.

[0025] The number of coils in a winding can be greater than or equal to the number of power sources. For example, if the system includes two power sources, the number of coils in the same winding must be greater than or equal to two. In the case of three power sources, the number of coils in the same winding must be greater than or equal to three.

[0026] The number of turns in a winding can be a multiple of the number of power sources. For example, if the system includes two power sources, the number of turns in each winding corresponds to a multiple of two. If there are three power sources, the number of turns in each winding corresponds to a multiple of three.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, a control method is proposed, which is applied to a multi-source system according to the present invention via at least one control circuit, the method comprising the following steps:

[0028] - Perform a first distribution of current from multiple power sources to at least one region of the motor.

[0029] - Perform a second distribution to distribute current to at least a portion of each region.

[0030] The two steps of this method are independent of each other.

[0031] The current distribution within each region of the motor is used to determine the mechanical state (torque and force). The current distribution within each section of each region is used to determine the power transfer between sources.

[0032] Current can be distributed to each region according to requirements for radial force or torque harmonics. It can also be distributed to each region within each region based on energy exchange needs between different power sources. A primary application requiring control of radial force is when it is desirable to reduce the force applied to mechanical bearings or to completely ensure the magnetic levitation of the rotor. Radial forces are applied to the rotor by the stator and its conductors to magnetically center the rotor, or simply to limit the radial force applied by the rotor to the bearings.

[0033] In a multi-source architecture, it is necessary to manage the power drawn from each source, or even more generally, to manage the power exchange between different sources to ensure their balance or any other functions required for energy monitoring. Machines are used to ensure the overall energy management of the system.

[0034] At least one current can be distributed to each part of each area according to the energy exchange requirements between different power sources. This ensures power balance, and more generally, it controls the energy that the power source gives or takes away.

[0035] When each power source supplies power to the power electronic converter, the method may include the following steps:

[0036] Distribute current from multiple power sources directly to at least one part of the motor.

[0037] It can balance the distribution of current from multiple power sources to at least one part.

[0038] In this implementation, each source supplies power to a single power converter.

[0039] This invention employs an arrangement of different basic windings to maximize their magnetic coupling. Power transfer between the different sources is electromagnetic, reducing the mechanical impact on the rotor. This makes torque generation and inter-source power transfer virtually independent in design. Therefore, torque generation and radial force do not depend on inter-source power transfer. The induction level in the magnetic circuit depends only on the torque operating point and therefore not on inter-source power transfer. Consequently, our solution reduces iron losses on the machine side. Power transfer becomes more feasible near the reference speed.

[0040] The method may also include the following steps:

[0041] An additional current component that evolves at an arbitrary frequency is introduced.

[0042] Power transmission occurs at this arbitrary frequency, which allows power transmission to be decoupled from the mechanical operating point. Specifically, this allows power to be transferred between sources when the rotor is locked. Standard self-control, in the stationary state, produces continuous values ​​incompatible with electromagnetic power transmission.

[0043] The method may also include the step of controlling at least one part to enable and / or disable at least one part of the motor during a time period T.

[0044] Current from multiple power sources can also be distributed to at least one portion based on the switching frequency of one or more power electronic converters. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Other advantages and features of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the non-limiting implementations and methods, as well as from the accompanying drawings:

[0046] Figure 1a The present invention is shown in a three-phase version of the motor.

[0047] Figure 1b It shows Figure 1a An enlarged view of the motor shown.

[0048] Figure 2a A multi-source system with radial force control according to a first embodiment is shown.

[0049] Figure 2b A multi-source system with radial force control according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0050] Figure 3 It shows the application to Figure 2b The control method for the multi-source system shown is illustrated.

[0051] Figure 4a A multi-source system with torque ripple control according to a first embodiment is shown.

[0052] Figure 4b A multi-source system with torque fluctuation control according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0053] Figure 5 It shows the application to Figure 4b The control method for the multi-source system shown is illustrated.

[0054] Figure 6 A multi-source system with torque ripple and radial force control is shown.

[0055] Figure 7 It shows the application to Figure 6 The control method for the multi-source system shown is illustrated.

[0056] Figure 8 A control method for a multi-source system according to another embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Since these embodiments are not restrictive, variations of the present invention may be contemplated in particular, which include only selected features described or shown below, separated from other described or shown features (even if such selection is isolated in a sentence containing these other features), if such selection is sufficient to provide a technical advantage or distinguish the present invention from the prior art. The selection includes at least one feature, preferably a functional feature without structural details, and / or only includes partial structural details, if that portion alone is sufficient to provide a technical advantage or distinguish the present invention from the prior art.

[0058] In the following description, the term "electric motor" is used both to refer to the actual electric motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (motor) and to its equivalent (generator). The principles of this invention can be applied to all types of motors, such as, for example, synchronous motors, asynchronous motors, variable reluctance motors, etc. The type of motor depends on the rotor used.

[0059] Generally, a general-purpose machine is considered to have m phases, p stator poles, and Ns turns per pole and per phase. If m is not a prime number, such that... m = n m p Therefore, m phases can also be divided into n phases. m p -Phase system. Assume that within each slot, the winding is divided into... k B Each coil. This structure allows energy management to be decoupled from the generation of radial force, while ensuring that the machine's magnetic circuitry is used uniformly during energy exchange.

[0060] Figure 1a An electric motor according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1b It shows Figure 1a The image shows an enlarged view of the motor. The motor consists of a rotor (not shown) and a stator 1, and the stator 1 includes windings 10, 11, and 12 in slots. Here, the three windings 10, 11, and 12 belong to the same phase A+. The windings 10, 11, and 12 are divided into multiple coils 100, 101, and 102, coils 110, 111, and 112, and coils 120, 121, and 122. For example, each coil 100, 101, and 102 in the same winding 10 has its own dedicated terminal through which it is powered.

[0061] exist Figure 1a and Figure 1bIn the example, each winding 10, 11, 12 has been divided into three coils 100, 101, and 102, coils 110, 111, and 112, and coils 120, 121, and 122. Each phase A+ / -, B+ / -, and C+ / - is divided into... k B Each magnetically coupled subphase (the electromagnetic field lines generated by coils with the same winding are oriented in the same direction) constitutes a k B Individual motors ( Figure 1a In this configuration, the sub-motors are composed of coils [102, 112, 122], [101, 111, 121], and [100, 110, 120], respectively. This division means positioning the turns in parallel rather than in series, allowing them to be supplied with separate signals with lower voltages. The coils of the same winding are then connected in parallel mechanically (but not electrically) within the same winding. Because they are supplied with the same phase signal, the ampere turns they produce are added together. Figure 1a and Figure 1b In the example shown, coils forming the same winding are arranged one after another, but they can also be intertwined, mixed or superimposed without departing from the scope of this utility model.

[0062] In other words, coils 100, 101, and 102 with identical windings 10, 11, and 12 can be supplied with signals of the same phase. Stator 1 includes slots a, b, and c; a', b', and c'; and a", b", and c". Furthermore, each slot can accommodate coils 100, 101, and 102 with identical windings 10, 11, and 12. Moreover, coils 100, 101, and 102 with identical windings can be powered by a separate power supply 2.

[0063] Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 2a , Figure 2b , Figure 4a , Figure 4b and Figure 6 The diagram illustrates one embodiment of the slot. Each slot can accommodate at least two coils of the same winding. For example, each slot accommodates three coils 100, 101, and 102 of the same windings 10, 11, and 12. The slot forms a housing for accommodating multiple coils. Each slot extends longitudinally along an axis associated with that slot (referred to as a radial axis). Each radial axis is oriented towards the center of the machine, i.e., towards the center of the rotor. The radial axes extend along the radius of the machine rotor and through the slot associated with the radial axis.

[0064] Generally, within the same slot, coils of the same winding can be arranged one after another, or they can be wound, mixed, or stacked. For example, as in... Figure 1bAs shown, coils with the same winding can be stacked in the same slot. This means that coils with the same winding housed in the same slot can be radially aligned along the radial axis associated with that slot.

[0065] For example, slots a, b, and c, and preferably each slot, are associated with phases A+ / -, B+ / -, and C+ / -. Furthermore, each slot a, b, and c is associated with windings 10, 11, and 12. Additionally, each coil of the same winding includes two terminals: a first terminal and a second terminal, through which power is supplied to the coil. For example, each coil of the same winding includes a first terminal located at the first portion A+, B+, and C+ of the housing formed by slots a, b, and c, and a second terminal located at the second portion A-, B-, and C- of the housing formed by slots a, b, and c.

[0066] Figure 1a and Figure 1b A precise description of a motor including a nine-phase stator, namely... m = n m p = 9 and among them m p = 3, each phase has three pole pairs (p=3). Each pole pair of the stator includes eighteen slots, that is, a total of fifty-four slots, so in its standard three-phase configuration, each phase is assigned to three consecutive slots. Assume each slot has three coils or conductors or a set of conductors ( k B = 3). Each coil or conductor is associated with a row: row 1, row 2, or row 3, where row 1 is characterized by its position being closest to the rotor (the center of the motor). Therefore, the motor under discussion corresponds to n = p = k B = 3. The "+" conductor enters the stator, and the "-" conductor leaves the stator.

[0067] The motor can be connected to multiple power sources, and each power source can be connected to multiple power converters. The DC power supply that powers each power converter is the delivery voltage. U Q,i A DC or rectified voltage source. Each converter includes control circuitry. Different embodiments of this invention are presented with reference to a motor. However, Figure 1a and Figure 1b The motor shown does not limit the invention to this application. It is given by way of example. In other embodiments, k B For example, it can be equal to two (see...) Figure 2a and Figure 4a ).

[0068] Figure 2a and Figure 2b A multi-source system with radial force control is shown, in which there is no coupling between energy management and radial force management functions.

[0069] Consider a permissive k B The structure of the energy source associated with the motor. Each source supplies p transducers, each transducer associated with a separate pole pair in the machine. In the diagram below, these different pole pairs are represented by different shades of gray. They are also separated by dashed lines.

[0070] Figure 2a and Figure 2b The motor shown is divided into three regions or sectors (S1, S2, S3) corresponding to the three pairs of poles of the machine. According to... Figure 2a The multi-source system therefore includes the motor M as described above, as well as multiple power sources 2 and multiple power converters 3. The motor M is connected to two power sources 2: U and V. Each power source 2 is associated with three power converters 3. Therefore, a total of six power converters 3 are used. In this text, two power sources 2 are used. k b =2. For each power source 2, the first converter 3 is associated with the first pair of stator poles (region S1), represented by phases A1+ / -, B1+ / -, and C1+ / -. The second converter is associated with the second pair of stator poles (region S2), represented by phases A2+ / -, B2+ / -, and C2+ / -. The third converter is associated with the third pair of stator poles (region S3), represented by phases A3+ / -, B3+ / -, and C3+ / -. Source U supplies power to the coil in row 1 of each region, and source V supplies power to the coil in row 2 of each region.

[0071] according to Figure 2b Based on and Figure 2a Following the same principle, the multi-source system includes a motor M as described above, multiple power sources 2, and multiple power converters 3. The motor M is connected to three sources 2: U, V, and W. Each source 2 is associated with three power converters 3. Therefore, a total of nine power converters 3 are used. In this text, since... k B=3, therefore three power supplies 2 are used. For each power supply 2, the first converter 3 is associated with the first pair of stator poles (region S1), represented by phases A1+ / -, B1+ / -, and C1+ / -. The second converter is associated with the second pair of stator poles (region S2), represented by phases A2+ / -, B2+ / -, and C2+ / -. The third converter is associated with the third pair of stator poles (region S3), represented by phases A3+ / -, B3+ / -, and C3+ / -. Source U supplies power to the coils in row 1 of each region, source V supplies power to the coils in row 2 of each region, and source W supplies power to the coils in row 3 of each region. In other embodiments, rows and regions of the same power supply can be mixed, for example, row 1 of region 1, row 2 of region 2, and row 3 of region 3 are associated with the same source.

[0072] according to Figure 3 Now let's describe the application... Figure 2b The control method for the multi-source system shown is described. According to this invention, the control method is applied through each control circuit of each converter 3 in the system. In another embodiment, for example, the method can be applied through a universal control circuit for all converters 3. The method includes the following steps:

[0073] - Perform a first distribution of current from multiple power sources to at least one region of the motor.

[0074] - Perform a second distribution to distribute current to at least a portion of each region.

[0075] Regardless of the implementation method, the two steps of this method are independent of each other. The motor windings are divided into three regions, corresponding to sectors in the text: sectors S1, S2, and S3, as follows: Figure 2b The dashed lines in the diagram indicate the sectors S1, S2, and S3, which correspond to the explicitly defined regions of motor M. Sector S1 includes phases A1+ / -, B1+ / -, and C1+ / -. Sector S2 includes phases A2+ / -, B2+ / -, and C2+ / -. Sector S3 includes phases A3+ / -, B3+ / -, and C3+ / -.

[0076] Then, sectors S1, S2, and S3 are divided. Each section is associated with at least one phase of the motor. Specifically, this section groups together one coil from each phase A1, B1, and C1 for sector S1, one coil from each phase A2, B2, and C2 for sector S2, and one coil from each phase A3, B3, and C3 for sector S3. The control method is applied in the same manner. Figure 2a The multi-source system described in the text is different only in the number of power sources.

[0077] according to Figure 3Based on the desired torque and flux operating point, and according to the speed, the reference current to be applied. I dq In Parker's reference frame, these correspond to the currents that will be found in the reference motor (see Parker's reference frame). Figure 1a , Figure 1b According to the requirements regarding the radial force to be applied, K xy1 , K xy2 and K xy3 These currents are used as I dq1 I dq2 and I dq3 The energy is allocated to each sector S1, S2, and S3. Then, based on the energy exchange requirements between sources U, V, and W... K pu , K pv and K pw , and these currents I dq1 I dq2 and I q3 The data is divided into three parts (1u, 1v, 1w), (2u, 2v, 2w), and (3u, 3v, 3w) in each sector S1, S2, and S3.

[0078] For example, if three voltages U Qi Similarly, in order to apply a radial effort to the rotor to pull it to the right, sector S3 must do more work than the other two sectors, so a total power distribution of 25% / 25% / 50% can be used for the three sectors. Then, if there are also energy management requirements that make source U the most used, a total power distribution of 50% / 25% / 25% can be used among the sources.

[0079] Therefore, of the 25% allocated to sector S1, row 1 will account for 12.5%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 6.25% (12.5 + 2). 6.25 = 25). Of the 25% allocated to sector S2, row 1 will account for 12.5%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 6.25% (12.5 + 2). 6.25 = 25). Of the 50% allocated to sector S3, row 1 will account for 25%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 12.25% (25 + 2). 12.5 = 50). K xy1 , K xy2 and K xy3This corresponds to the percentage associated with each sector S1, S2, S3. K pu , K pv and K pw This corresponds to the percentage of total electricity allocated to each source U, V, W.

[0080] Starting from motor M, degrees of freedom k B `p` is used to interconnect the sources so that energy transfer between them does not interfere with radial forces in the machine. Each source uses... p= Three power converters allow for maintaining the degree of freedom of active radial force control.

[0081] Regardless of Figure 2a still Figure 2b In this configuration, each source is ultimately associated with a winding located around the machine, which allows for the management of the use of different sources without generating radial forces on the rotor. However, by properly controlling the priorities, it is still possible to utilize the structural degrees of freedom to generate radial forces and achieve magnetic centering without causing an imbalance between sources. First, the force contribution of each sector (or each pole pair) must be defined, and then the allocation of sources that will be used identically across all sectors must be managed. This approach applies regardless of the machine's characteristics (n, p). The number of slot subdivisions... k B It can be greater than or equal to the number of sources.

[0082] Figure 4a A multi-source system with torque ripple control according to a first embodiment is shown. Figure 4a and Figure 4b The motor shown is based on Figure 2a and Figure 2b The same principle is applied, dividing the system into three regions or three-phase systems. These three three-phase systems correspond to the three pole pairs of the machine.

[0083] according to Figure 4a The motor M is connected to two sources 2: U and V. Each source 2 is associated with three power converters 3. Each converter is connected to a corresponding individual power source 3. m p The regions of the motors in a phase system are related. These different m p- The phase system is offset by an electrical angle equal to 20 degrees. In this implementation, the angle is equal to 20 degrees because each pole pair in this example includes 18 slots (360 / 18=20). Associated with the first converter of each source... m pA phase system is associated with slot a of phase A+ / -, slot b of phase B+ / -, and slot c of phase C+ / -, i.e., the first slot of each referenced phase. For a second converter of each source, it is associated with the second notches a', b', and c' of the referenced phase. For a third converter of each source, it is associated with the third and final slots a", b", and c" of the referenced phase. Source U supplies power to the coil in row 1 of each region, and source V supplies power to the coil in row 2 of each region. In other embodiments, rows and regions of the same power supply can be mixed, for example, row 1 of region 1 and row 2 of region 2 are associated with the same source.

[0084] Figure 4b A multi-source system with torque ripple control is shown, where there is no coupling between the "energy management" and "torque ripple" management functions. According to... Figure 4b Considering a way to allow k B A structure that associates an energy source with a motor. Each source powers n converters, and each converter is connected to a corresponding individual... m p The regions of the motors in a phase system are related. These different m p The phase system is offset by a certain electrical angle, which is shown in different shades in the diagram below. This offset is indicated by the dashed line at the pole of phase A.

[0085] according to Figure 4b and based on Figure 4a Following the same principle, motor M is connected to three sources 2: U, V, and W. Each source 2 is associated with three power converters 3. Each converter is connected to a separate... m p - Phase systems are related. These different m p- The phase system is offset by an electrical angle equal to 20 degrees. In this implementation, the angle is equal to 20 degrees because each pole pair in this example includes 18 slots (360 / 18=20). Associated with the first converter of each source... m pA phase system is associated with slot a of phase A+ / -, slot b of phase B+ / -, and slot c of phase C+ / -, i.e., the first slot of each referenced phase. For a second converter of each source, it is associated with the second notches a', b', and c' of the referenced phase. For a third converter of each source, it is associated with the third and final slots a", b", and c" of the referenced phase. Source U supplies power to the coil in row 1 of each region, source V supplies power to the coil in row 2 of each region, and source W supplies power to the coil in row 3 of each region. In other embodiments, rows and regions of the same power supply can be mixed, for example, row 1 of region 1, row 2 of region 2, and row 3 of region 3 are associated with the same source.

[0086] according to Figure 5 Now let's describe the application... Figure 4b The control method for the multi-source system shown is described. According to this invention, the control method is applied through each control circuit of each converter 3 in the system. In another embodiment, for example, the method can be applied through a universal control circuit for all converters 3. As described above, the method includes the following steps:

[0087] - Perform a first distribution of current from multiple power sources to at least one region of the motor.

[0088] - A second distribution is performed, distributing current to at least a portion of each region. The windings of motor M are divided according to a three-phase system or m... p The three-phase system has three regions, each of which is associated with converter 3.

[0089] The three-phase system associated with each converter is then divided. Each section corresponds to a single coil of the windings that constitute the three-phase system of the motor. In this text, for each source, the first converter supplies power to a portion of the region corresponding to slots a, b, c; the second converter supplies power to a portion of the region corresponding to slots a', b', c'; and the third converter supplies power to a portion of the region corresponding to slots a", b", c". The reference current to be applied is determined based on the desired torque and flux operating point, i.e., the speed. I dq In the Parker frame of reference, these correspond to the currents that will be found in the reference motor. Figure 1a , Figure 1b To minimize torque ripple, according to K h , K' h , K" h , and these currents I dq As I dq , I'dq and I" dq It is allocated to each three-phase system. Then, based on the energy exchange requirements between sources U, V, and W. K pu , K pv and K pw Current I dq , I' dq and I" dq The components are divided into three parts for each three-phase system: (u, v, w), (u', v', w'), and (u", v", w"). Advantageously, to minimize the fluctuation of torque applied to the rotor in health mode, the three... m p A phase system must operate in an equal, balanced manner. For example, if three voltages... U Qi If they are equal, then they can be compared to three. m p- The phase system distributes total power at 33% / 33% / 33%. Then, if there are further energy management requirements that maximize source U's usage, for example, a 50% / 25% / 25% total power distribution can be used among the sources. Therefore, in the allocation to the first... m p Of the 33% in the phase system, row 1 will account for 16.7%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 8.4% (16.7 + 2). 8.4 = 33). The same applies to the other two regions. Starting from motor M, the degrees of freedom... k B The 'n' parameter is used to interconnect the sources so that energy transfer between them does not interfere with torque fluctuations in the machine. Using n=3 power converters per source allows for maintaining the degrees of freedom in active torque fluctuation control.

[0090] Regardless of Figure 4a still Figure 4b In this process, the converter associated with each source ultimately outputs to the source. m p The corresponding windings in the phase system supply power to the corresponding areas, which allows for the management of different sources without damaging torque harmonics. This is achieved through appropriate control priorities: first, different... m p Harmonic control between phase systems must then be managed. m p The same source is used in the same phase system. Regardless of the machine characteristics (n, p) and the number of slot subdivisions. kB This method applies to all cases. Preferably, k b The number of sources is greater than or equal to the number of sources. Advantageously, k b This is equal to the number of sources in the system. The described control method is applied in the same way. Figure 4a The multi-source system described in the text.

[0091] refer to Figure 6 We will describe a multi-source system with torque ripple and radial force control, where there is no coupling between energy management and mechanical force management functions. Figure 6 The motor shown is divided into three regions or sectors (S1, S2, S3) corresponding to the three pairs of poles of the machine.

[0092] Motor M is connected to three sources 2: U, V, and W. Each source 2 is associated with three power converters 3. For each source 2, the first converter 3 is associated with a first pair of stator poles (region S1), represented by phases A1+ / -, B1+ / -, and C1+ / -. The second converter is associated with a second pair of stator poles (region S2), represented by phases A2+ / -, B2+ / -, and C2+ / -. The third converter is associated with a third pair of stator poles (region S3), represented by phases A3+ / -, B3+ / -, and C3+ / -. The pole pairs are associated with a three-phase system offset by an electrical angle equal to 20 degrees. In this embodiment, the angle is equal to 20 degrees because each pole pair in this example includes 18 slots (360 / 18=20). Source U supplies power to the coils in the middle row 1 of each region, source V supplies power to the coils in the middle row 2 of each region, and source W supplies power to the coils in the middle row 3 of each region. In other implementations, rows and regions with the same power supply can be combined, for example, row 1 of region 1, row 2 of region 2, and row 3 of region 3 are associated with the same source.

[0093] according to Figure 7 Now let's describe the application... Figure 6 The control method for the multi-source system shown is described. According to this invention, the control method is applied through each control circuit of each converter 3 in the system. In another embodiment, for example, the method can be applied through a universal control circuit for all converters 3. As described above, the method includes the following steps:

[0094] - Perform a first distribution that distributes current from multiple power sources to at least one region of the motor.

[0095] - Perform a second distribution to distribute current to at least a portion of each region.

[0096] The windings of motor M are divided into three regions, corresponding to sectors: sectors S1, S2, and S3, as follows: Figure 6 The dashed lines in the figure indicate that sectors S1, S2, and S3 correspond to the explicitly defined regions of motor M. Sector S1 includes phases A1+ / -, B1+ / -, and C1+ / -. Sector S2 includes phases A2+ / -, B2+ / -, and C2+ / -. Sector S3 includes phases A3+ / -, B3+ / -, and C3+ / -. In this embodiment, the phases of the three sectors defined by the dashed lines are offset by an electrical angle equal to 20 degrees (see the explanation in the embodiment of the aforementioned figure).

[0097] Then, the regions corresponding to sectors S1, S2, and S3 are divided. Each section is associated with a phase of the motor. In this text, each section groups together one coil from each phase A1, B1, C1 for sector S1, one coil from each phase A2, B2, C2 for sector S2, and one coil from each phase A3, B3, C3 for sector S3. The reference current to be applied is determined based on the desired torque and flux operating point. I dq In the Parker frame of reference, these correspond to the currents that will be found in the reference motor. Figure 1a , Figure 1b To minimize torque ripple and apply the desired radial force, according to K xy1 , K xy2 and K xy3 , and these currents I dq As I dq1 I dq2 and I dq3 Allocated to each sector. Then, based on the energy exchange requirements between sources U, V, and W. K pu , K pv and K pw , will current I dq1 I dq2 and I dq3 This is divided into three parts for each three-phase system: (1u, 1v, 1w), (2u, 2v, 2w), and (3u, 3v, 3w). For example, if the three voltages... U QiIf they are equal, then in order to apply a radial force to the rotor to pull it to the right, sector S3 must do more work than the other two sectors on axis d in the Parker reference frame. Therefore, the current in axis d of the three sectors can be distributed in a 25% / 25% / 50% ratio. For the q-axis, an equal distribution must be maintained to ensure minimal torque fluctuations, so the current in the q-axis of the three sectors can be distributed in a 33% / 33% / 33% ratio. Then, if there are also energy management requirements that maximize the use of source U, a total power distribution of 50% / 25% / 25% among the sources can be adopted. Therefore, in the 25% of the current allocated to sector S1 according to the d-axis, row 1 will account for 12.5%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 6.25% (12.5 + 2). 6.25 = 25). Of the 33% of the current allocated to sector S1 for the q-axis, row 1 will account for 16.7%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 8.4% (16.7 + 2). 8.4 = 33). Therefore, of the 25% allocated to sector S2 according to the current along the d-axis, row 1 will account for 12.5%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 6.25% (12.5 + 2). 6.25 = 25). Of the 33% of the current allocated to sector S2 for the q-axis, row 1 will account for 16.7%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 8.4% (16.7 + 2). 8.4=33). Of the 50% allocated to sector S3 based on the current along the d-axis, row 1 will account for 25%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 12.25% (25+2). 12.5 = 50). Of the 33% of the current allocated to sector S3 for the q-axis, row 1 will account for 16.7%, and rows 2 and 3 will account for 8.4% (16.7 + 2). 8.4 = 33).

[0098] Starting with the three-phase motor M, the degrees of freedom... k B n and p are used to interconnect the sources so that energy transfer between the sources does not interfere with torque fluctuations in the machine. Each source uses n=p=3 power converters to maintain the degrees of freedom for active torque harmonics and radial force control.

[0099] like Figure 8 As shown, the method of this invention can also be applied to systems comprising multiple power sources 2, each power source connected to a single converter 3. In practice, such systems include, for example, Figure 1a and Figure 1bThe diagram shows a motor M and multiple power sources 2 connected to a single power converter 3. Motor M is connected to three sources 2: U, V, and W. For each power source 2, the converter 3 is associated with pole pairs of phases A+ / -, B+ / -, and C+ / -. Source U supplies power to pole pairs in row 1, source V supplies power to pole pairs in row 2, and source W supplies power to pole pairs in row 3. In other embodiments, rows and regions with the same power supply can be mixed; for example, row 1 of region 1 and row 2 of region 2 may be associated with the same source.

[0100] The control method applied to this specific multi-source system is applied through each control circuit of each converter 3. In another embodiment, for example, the method can be applied through a common control circuit for all converters 3. The method includes the following steps:

[0101] Distribute current from multiple power sources directly to at least one part of the motor.

[0102] In this implementation, the motor is directly divided. Each section is associated with a phase of the motor. In this text, a section corresponds to the windings of phases A, B, and C.

[0103] Based on the desired torque and flux operating point, the reference current to be applied I dq In the Parker frame of reference, these correspond to the currents that will be found in the reference motor. Figure 1a , Figure 1b Then, based on the energy exchange requirements between sources U, V, and W... K pu , K pv and K pw , and these currents I dq Assigned to three sub-segments I dq K pu I dq K pv and I dq K pw . P uv and P vw These are the electrical flows exchanged between sources U and V, and between sources V and W, respectively.

[0104] This invention also relates to four variations of the control method applicable to the structure described above, based on the desired results. These variations involve only the splitting step of the motor, i.e., the distribution of current to each part of each region. These variations are applicable even if the machine is not subdivided into regions and is only divided into multiple rows in the slots. This distribution allows power to be transferred between sources based on the following:

[0105] -Based on the rotational frequency of the magnetic field generated by the machine's rotor,

[0106] -Or any frequency based on the inverter's PWM control.

[0107] -Or enable / disable based on the order of subdivisions.

[0108] - Alternatively, it can be based on the inverter's switching frequency by adjusting the phase shift of the PWM carrier.

[0109] Variations of this control method can be applied to motors involving multiple sections within the same stator slot (for distributed windings) or around the same stator teeth (for concentrated windings). Variations of this control method can be applied to structures with at least two sections in their slots. These variations involve the interaction between highly coupled subdivisions. They are used to control power converters associated with separate sources but whose windings share the same slots.

[0110] The first variant for decoupling inter-source power transmission and radial force management (structural feature) was introduced earlier, through the guided power distribution to each region. For example, if three voltages... U Qi Similarly, if there are energy management requirements that maximize the use of source U, then a 50% / 25% / 25% total power distribution can be adopted among the sources. Therefore, in each region, 50% of the power is directed to row 1, 25% to row 2, and 25% to row 3. This first variant is used throughout the description of the implementation. This can be extended to any number of highly coupled subdivisions. k B .

[0111] For the second variant, which transmits power between sources at arbitrary frequencies, self-control allows for application in PWM based on electrical angle settings. k B The average duty cycle of the power converter. This angle is obtained either by measuring using a position sensor or by an estimator to achieve "sensorless" control. If three voltages... U QiIf they are equal, the torque contribution of each part is balanced at 33% / 33% / 33%, therefore this method assigns a first duty cycle value responsible for controlling the equal distribution of current in each part. An additional current component evolving at an arbitrary frequency is introduced to transfer energy between different sub-steps. This arbitrary frequency cannot be equal to the electrical frequency associated with the rotation of the motor M. This can be generalized to any number of highly coupled sub-steps. k B .

[0112] For the third variant of the control method based on sequential source management using traditional machine control, only one traditional machine control is implemented, instead of making... k B >1. This will distribute the same three-phase PWM signal to k B Each power converter has its own control circuit. The only degree of freedom for managing the different power converters is the "enable" signal, which is associated with the control circuits of each power converter and allows them to be set to a "high impedance" state or not. This simplicity is achieved through a highly coupled winding arrangement. Therefore, as the machine rotates, the use of the sources can be adjusted sequentially without affecting the mechanical torque. For example, if three voltages... U Qi Equivalently, if a 50% / 25% / 25% total power distribution is desired among the sources, it can be ensured that the first part is always active, while the second and third parts are deactivated 50% of the time. The timescale of deactivation for each part must be planned to satisfy the thermal constraints of each part. This can be extended to any number of highly coupled subdivisions. k B .

[0113] For the fourth and final variant, which transfers power between sources at switching frequencies, the duty cycle is calculated based on conventional machine self-control. Within the basic unit, with each m p The associated PWM signal and 2π / m p Carriers with phase shifts interleaved are correlated. m p A phase-carrier system controls the phase shift by a certain angle from one power converter to another. For example, φ uv It represents the basic unit associated with source V. m p - The phase carrier system relative to the basic unit associated with the source U m p -The control angle of the angular delay of the phase carrier system. When φ uv When the voltage is greater than 0, power is transferred from source V to source U at the switching frequency. This transfer is independent of the machine's operating point and therefore can also occur even with rotor lock. When the basic unit's converter is... m p When a full-bridge inverter is configured, m p The phase carriers can be the same (no need for 2π / m p (phase shift). However, it is sufficient to use phase shift between the carriers of the basic unit associated with source U and the carriers of the basic unit associated with source V. φ uv This enables power transfer between two sources. This can be generalized to any number of highly coupled subdivisions. k B .

[0114] Typically, at least one means of the device of the present invention described above, preferably, each means of the device of the present invention described above is a technical means.

[0115] Typically, each means of the device of the present invention described above may include at least one computer, a central processing or computing unit, analog electronic circuitry (preferably dedicated), digital electronic circuitry (preferably dedicated) and / or a microprocessor (preferably dedicated) and / or software means.

[0116] Of course, this invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of this invention.

[0117] Of course, the various features, forms, variations, and embodiments of this utility model can be associated with each other in various combinations, as long as they do not contradict or exclude each other. In particular, all the variations and embodiments described above can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A multi-source system comprising a motor (M) of a type including a rotor and a stator (1), the stator (1) comprising a plurality of windings (10, 11, 12) made of isolated conductive material, each winding (10, 11, 12) comprising a plurality of independently powered coils (100, 101, 102). The multi-source system also comprises a plurality of direct current power sources (2) and a plurality of power electronic converters (3) associated with the different coils (100, 101, 102) of the electric machine (M), each power source (2) supplying one or more power electronic converters (3) and each power source (2) being connected to at least one coil (100, 101, 102) of each winding (10, 11, 12) of the electric machine (M), the coils (100, 101, 102) of the same winding (10, 11, 12) being supplied with signals of the same phase, and the stator (1) comprising slots, characterized in that, Each slot accommodates coils (100, 101, 102) with the same winding (10, 11, 12), and wherein the coils (100, 101, 102) with the same winding (10, 11, 12) are powered by a separate power source (2).

2. The multi-source system of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of windings (10, 11, 12) are divided into at least two regions.

3. The multi-source system of claim 2, wherein, The at least two regions correspond to motor sectors (S1, S2, S3).

4. The multi-source system according to claim 2, wherein, The at least two regions correspond to m p - Phase motor system.

5. The multi-source system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, The at least two regions are divided such that each part of each region is associated with a power electronic converter (3), and the part and the power electronic converter (3) of the part constitute a basic electromechanical conversion unit.

6. The multi-source system according to claim 5, wherein, Each basic electromechanical conversion unit is associated with a power supply (2).

7. The multi-source system according to claim 4, wherein, The m p - A phase system corresponds to an electrical angle that is not a multiple of 60° in time. m p - Phase motor system.

8. The multi-source system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or claim 7, wherein, The number of coils (100, 101, 102) in the winding is greater than or equal to the number of power sources.

9. The multi-source system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or claim 7, wherein, The number of turns in the winding is a multiple of the number of power supplies (2).

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