A rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels

Abstract

This utility model provides a rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels, including a grid steel frame, a pressure dispersion component distributed at two arched feet of the grid steel frame to disperse the pressure of the grid steel frame on the tunnel floor, and a limiting component disposed between the pressure dispersion component and the grid steel frame to constrain the installation position of the arched feet of the grid steel frame. This utility model relates to the field of skeleton structure technology. The convex and concave plates bear the weight of the grid steel frame and the surrounding rock load. The convex and concave plates have a surface contact with the tunnel floor to prevent stress concentration. When multiple grid steel frames are arranged and installed, they are all supported by convex and concave plates. The snap-fit ​​grooves of adjacent convex and concave plates are inserted into the outer periphery of the corresponding snap-fit ​​blocks. Multiple convex and concave plates form a long strip-shaped bearing surface, increasing the contact area with the tunnel floor and increasing the stability of the grid steel frame in the event of tunnel collapse or surrounding rock deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of skeleton structure technology, and in particular to a rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Karst (karst landform) tunnel construction faces core challenges such as karst caves, water and mud inrushes, and poor surrounding rock stability. It is necessary to design support systems, drainage schemes and construction techniques in a targeted manner. In particular, during karst tunnel construction, after the initial spraying operation, it is necessary to install steel mesh and grid arch frame in sequence, followed by advanced support and re-spraying operation.

[0003] During the installation of the grid arch frame, the arch foot of the grid arch frame is connected to the right-angle locking foot. By machining the locking foot anchor bolt holes in the tunnel, the locking foot is connected to the tunnel ground using anchor bolts. The locking foot only bears the weight of the arch frame and the load of the surrounding rock through a single point (or line) contact, which can easily lead to stress concentration and may cause instability when the tunnel collapses or the surrounding rock deforms. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels to enhance the stability of the grid arch frame.

[0005] This utility model provides a rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels, including a grid steel frame and a pressure dispersion component. The pressure dispersion component is distributed at two arched feet of the grid steel frame to disperse the pressure of the grid steel frame on the tunnel surface.

[0006] A limiting component is disposed between the pressure dispersing component and the grating steel frame to constrain the installation position of the arch foot of the grating steel frame;

[0007] The pressure dispersion component includes:

[0008] A concave-convex plate is located at the arch foot of the grating steel frame to support the grating steel frame. A snap-fit ​​groove is machined on one side of the concave-convex plate, and a snap-fit ​​block is machined on the other side of the concave-convex plate. The snap-fit ​​block is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0009] The adjacent concave and convex plates are connected end to end to the snap-fit ​​slot through the snap-fit ​​block to form a planar structure to support multiple sets of the grid steel frame;

[0010] Two corner plates, which are in a right-angled structure, are symmetrically distributed based on the top surface of the concave-convex plate, and both corner plates are connected to the columns of the grating steel frame;

[0011] A connector for fixing adjacent corner plates.

[0012] Preferably, the connector includes:

[0013] The connecting screw has threads machined at both ends;

[0014] At least two U-shaped brackets are provided, which are symmetrically distributed based on the connecting screw, and both ends of the connecting screw pass through the U-shaped bracket and are connected to the first nut.

[0015] The end of the U-shaped frame away from the connecting screw is fixedly connected to the corner plate.

[0016] Preferably, the limiting component includes:

[0017] A baffle is located between the two corner plates, and a limiting pin is provided at the bottom end of the baffle, the limiting pin extending into the cylindrical groove of the concave and convex plates;

[0018] A reinforcing rod, one end of which is threaded and the other end of which is fitted with a hexagonal washer;

[0019] The clamp plate, on one side parallel to the baffle, abuts against the grating steel frame, and the threaded end of the reinforcing rod passes through the clamp plate and is connected to the second nut.

[0020] Preferably, the reinforcing rods are symmetrically distributed based on the clamping plates.

[0021] Preferably, the baffle has an embedded hexagonal groove, which is adapted to the hexagonal pad.

[0022] Preferably, the side of the clamp plate parallel to the baffle is machined with staggered anti-slip textures.

[0023] Preferably, a clamping block is integrally formed at the middle position of the connecting screw, and the clamping block is hexagonal prism shaped.

[0024] Preferably, triangular reinforcing ribs are provided at the corners of both corner plates.

[0025] Preferably, the concave-convex plate has at least two inclined through holes, and the angle between the axis of the inclined through holes and the normal of the concave-convex plate is 30°.

[0026] Preferably, the convex and concave plates are made of high-strength structural steel.

[0027] This utility model provides a rigid reinforced frame structure for karst tunnels:

[0028] By using a combination of corner plates, convex and concave plates, snap-fit ​​grooves, snap-fit ​​blocks, and connectors, the arch feet of the grating steel frame are installed on the corresponding convex and concave plates. The convex and concave plates bear the weight of the grating steel frame and the surrounding rock load. The convex and concave plates are in surface contact with the tunnel floor to prevent stress concentration. When multiple sets of grating steel frames are arranged and installed, they are all supported by convex and concave plates. The snap-fit ​​grooves of adjacent convex and concave plates are inserted into the outer periphery of the corresponding snap-fit ​​blocks to connect the two convex and concave plates end to end. Adjacent corner plates are fixed by connectors. As construction progresses, multiple convex and concave plates form a long strip-shaped bearing surface, increasing the contact area with the tunnel floor and increasing the stability of the grating steel frame in the event of tunnel collapse or surrounding rock deformation. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the corner plate, concave and convex plate, snap-fit ​​groove, and snap-fit ​​block in this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the connecting screw, clamping block, U-shaped frame and first nut in this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the concave-convex plate in this utility model;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle, limiting pin, reinforcing rod, hexagonal pad, clamping plate, and second nut in this utility model;

[0035] Figure 6 This is an assembly drawing of the grating steel frame and pressure dispersion component in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the connection between the arch foot of the central grid steel frame and the pressure dispersion component.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 1-Grate steel frame, 2-Pressure dispersion component, 21-Angle plate, 211-Reinforcing rib, 22-Concave-convex plate, 22a-Inclined through hole, 221-Snap-fit ​​groove, 222-Snap-fit ​​block, 23-Connector, 231-Connecting screw, 231a-Clamping block, 232-U-shaped frame, 233-First nut, 3-Limiting component, 31-Baffle, 31a-Hexagonal groove, 311-Limiting pin, 32-Reinforcing rod, 321-Hexagonal pad, 33-Clamping plate, 322-Second nut. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels includes a grid steel frame 1, a pressure dispersion component 2, which is distributed at the two arch feet of the grid steel frame 1 to disperse the pressure of the grid steel frame 1 on the tunnel surface; and a limiting component 3, which is disposed between the pressure dispersion component 2 and the grid steel frame 1 to constrain the installation position of the arch feet of the grid steel frame 1.

[0043] The pressure dispersion component 2 includes: a concave-convex plate 22, which is located at the arch foot of the grating steel frame 1 to support the grating steel frame 1. One side of the concave-convex plate 22 is machined with a snap-fit ​​groove 221, and the other side of the concave-convex plate 22 is machined with a snap-fit ​​block 222, which is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove 221; adjacent concave-convex plates 22 are connected end to end with the snap-fit ​​block 222 and the snap-fit ​​groove 221 to form a planar structure to support multiple sets of grating steel frames 1; two corner plates 21, which are right-angled structures, and the two corner plates 21 are symmetrically distributed based on the top surface of the concave-convex plate 22. Both corner plates 21 are connected to the columns of the grating steel frame 1; and a connector 23, which is used to fix adjacent corner plates 21.

[0044] Therefore, the arch feet of the grating steel frame 1 are installed on the corresponding concave and convex plates 22. The concave and convex plates 22 bear the weight of the grating steel frame 1 and the surrounding rock load. The concave and convex plates 22 are in surface contact with the tunnel floor to prevent stress concentration. In addition, when multiple sets of grating steel frames 1 are arranged and installed, they are all supported by concave and convex plates 22. The snap-fit ​​grooves 221 of adjacent concave and convex plates 22 are inserted into the outer periphery of the corresponding snap-fit ​​blocks 222 to connect the two concave and convex plates 22 end to end. The adjacent corner plates 21 are fixed by the connectors 23. As construction progresses, multiple concave and convex plates 22 form a long strip-shaped bearing surface, which expands the contact area with the tunnel floor and increases the stability of the grating steel frame 1 when the tunnel collapses or the surrounding rock deforms.

[0045] Specifically, each convex and concave plate 22 has two corner plates 21 on its top surface. The corner plates 21 are right-angled. The convex and concave plates 22 are in contact with the ground to increase the bearing area and distribute the pressure. The snap-fit ​​groove 221 and snap-fit ​​block 222 are adapted to facilitate the end-to-end connection of multiple convex and concave plates 22.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the connector 23 includes: a connecting screw 231, both ends of which are threaded; at least two U-shaped brackets 232, which are symmetrically distributed based on the connecting screw 231, both ends of the connecting screw 231 passing through the U-shaped brackets 232 and connected to the first nut 233; and the end of the U-shaped bracket 232 away from the connecting screw 231 is fixedly connected to the angle plate 21.

[0047] Specifically, each corner plate 21 has two U-shaped frames 232 on its outer side. The U-shaped frames 232 are machined with through holes that are compatible with the connecting screws 231. The corresponding U-shaped frames 232 are connected by the connecting screws 231 to fix the position of the concave and convex plates 22 after they are connected end to end. The connecting piece 23 plays the role of reinforcing the connection.

[0048] In addition, provided that the multiple convex and concave plates 22 are fixed after being connected end to end, the connector 23 can also be replaced by other fixing structures.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the limiting component 3 includes: a baffle 31, which is located between two corner plates 21, and a limiting pin 311 is provided at the bottom end of the baffle 31, which extends into the cylindrical groove of the concave-convex plate 22; a reinforcing rod 32, one end of which is threaded, and the other end of which is provided with a hexagonal pad 321; and a clamping plate 33, the side of the clamping plate 33 parallel to the baffle 31 abutting against the grating steel frame 1, and the threaded end of the reinforcing rod 32 passing through the clamping plate 33 and connected to the second nut 322.

[0050] Specifically, the baffle 31 and the two corner plates 21 form a groove to constrain the arch foot of the grid steel frame 1. The cylindrical groove of the concave-convex plate 22 is adapted to the limiting pin 311. The reinforcing rod 32 is used in conjunction with the second nut 322 to connect the clamping plate 33 and the baffle 31. The clamping plate 33 is set independently to facilitate its adaptation to the single steel bar of the grid steel frame 1.

[0051] Through the design of baffle 31 and clamp 33, when the connecting parts connecting the outside of the grating steel frame 1 become loose, baffle 31 and clamp 33 play a double insurance role.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the reinforcing rods 32 are symmetrically distributed based on the clamping plates 33.

[0053] Specifically, each clamping plate 33 is provided with two reinforcing rods 32, and the design of the reinforcing rods 32 increases the stability of the clamping plate 33 during use.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the baffle 31 has an embedded hexagonal groove 31a, which is adapted to the hexagonal pad 321;

[0055] Specifically, the hexagonal pad 321 is embedded in the hexagonal groove 31a, which constrains the hexagonal pad 321 and prevents the reinforcing rod 32 from rotating when the second nut 322 is installed.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the side of the clamping plate 33 parallel to the baffle plate 31 is machined with staggered anti-slip textures;

[0057] Specifically, the anti-slip texture is designed to increase the friction between the clamping plate 33 and the grating steel frame 1.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, a clamping block 231a is integrally formed at the middle position of the connecting screw 231, and the clamping block 231a is hexagonal prism in shape.

[0059] Specifically, the clamping block 231a is designed to hold external tools (such as adjustable wrenches) during installation so that the first nut 233 can be screwed into both ends of the connecting screw 231.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, triangular reinforcing ribs 211 are provided at the corners of both corner plates 21.

[0061] Specifically, the triangular reinforcing rib 211 is designed to enhance the strength of the corner plate 21 at the corner position.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, at least two inclined through holes 22a are provided in the concave-convex plate 22, and the angle between the axis of the inclined through hole 22a and the normal of the concave-convex plate 22 is 30°.

[0063] Specifically, the number of inclined through holes 22a used is between 2 and 4. The number of inclined through holes 22a is determined according to the length of the concave and convex plate 22. The inclined through holes 22a are used to connect with the external locking foot anchor rods. The design of the axis of the inclined through hole 22a and the normal of the concave and convex plate 22 is 30°, which makes it easy for the locking foot anchor rod to be inserted obliquely downward into the tunnel ground.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the convex and concave plates 22 are made of high-strength structural steel;

[0065] It should be noted that the concave-convex plate 22 is designed with high-strength structural steel to improve safety in the complex environment of karst tunnels, and the cost of high-strength structural steel is moderate.

[0066] The working principle of this application is illustrated below with a preferred embodiment:

[0067] Before installing the grating steel frame 1, the convex and concave plates 22 are installed in the appropriate positions in the tunnel (the convex and concave plates 22 are set on the left and right sides of the arc tunnel). Then, drilling is carried out along the inclined angle of the inclined through hole 22a. The drilling depth is carried out in accordance with the process standard. Two external locking foot anchors are used to connect the convex and concave plates 22 to the ground of the tunnel and grouting is carried out for reinforcement.

[0068] Next, the baffle 31 is installed in the cylindrical groove of the concave-convex plate 22 via the limiting pin 311 (the cylindrical groove and the limiting pin 311 are interference-fitted and installed by hammering). Then, the two arched legs of the grid steel frame 1 are respectively installed in the grooves formed by the baffle 31 and the two corner plates 21. The grid steel frame 1 is fixed to the tunnel wall by the external U-shaped tube. The concave-convex plate 22 bears the weight of the grid steel frame 1 and the surrounding rock load. The concave-convex plate 22 is in surface contact with the tunnel floor to prevent stress concentration. In addition, when multiple sets of grid steel frames 1 are arranged and installed, they are all supported by the concave-convex plate 22. The interlocking grooves of adjacent concave-convex plates 22 221 is inserted into the outer periphery of the corresponding snap-fit ​​block 222 to connect the two concave and convex plates 22 end to end. Then, the two ends of the connecting screw 231 are respectively inserted into the corresponding U-shaped frame 232. The first nut 233 is used to connect the two ends of the connecting screw 231. The first nut 233 is used to fix the connecting screw 231 to the corresponding U-shaped frame 232 to increase the stability after the two concave and convex plates 22 are connected end to end. As construction progresses, multiple concave and convex plates 22 form a long strip-shaped bearing surface, which expands the contact area with the tunnel ground and increases the stability of the grid steel frame 1 when the tunnel collapses or the surrounding rock deforms.

[0069] After the external U-shaped tube fixes the grid steel frame 1 to the tunnel wall, the reinforcing rod 32 is inserted into the baffle 31, and the hexagonal pad 321 is embedded into the hexagonal groove 31a. The reinforcing rod 32 passes through the gap between the grid steel frames 1. Then, the clamp 33 is inserted into the threaded end of the reinforcing rod 32. The clamp 33 is adjusted to be parallel to the baffle 31. The clamp 33 is moved along the outer periphery of the reinforcing rod 32 to abut against the grid steel frame 1. The second nut 322 is used to fix the position of the clamp 33. When the external U-shaped tube loosens from the tunnel wall, the clamp 33 cooperates with the baffle 31 to prevent the grid steel frame 1 from shifting on the concave and convex plates 22.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rigid reinforced frame structure for karst tunnels, comprising a lattice steel frame (1), characterized in that, Pressure dispersion component (2), which is distributed at the two arched feet of the grid steel frame (1) to disperse the pressure of the grid steel frame (1) on the tunnel floor; A limiting component (3) is disposed between the pressure dispersing component (2) and the grating steel frame (1) to constrain the installation position of the arch foot of the grating steel frame (1); The pressure dispersion component (2) includes: A concave-convex plate (22) is located at the arch foot of the grating steel frame (1) to support the grating steel frame (1). A snap-fit ​​groove (221) is machined on one side of the concave-convex plate (22), and a snap-fit ​​block (222) is machined on the other side of the concave-convex plate (22). The snap-fit ​​block (222) is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove (221). The adjacent concave and convex plates (22) are connected end to end to the snap-fit ​​groove (221) through the snap-fit ​​block (222) to form a planar structure to support multiple sets of the grid steel frame (1); Two corner plates (21) are in a right-angled structure. The two corner plates (21) are symmetrically distributed based on the top surface of the concave-convex plate (22). Both corner plates (21) are connected to the columns of the grid steel frame (1). Connector (23) is used to fix the adjacent corner plate (21).

2. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector (23) includes: The connecting screw (231) has threads machined at both ends; At least two U-shaped brackets (232) are symmetrically distributed based on the connecting screw (231), and both ends of the connecting screw (231) pass through the U-shaped bracket (232) and are connected to the first nut (233); The end of the U-shaped frame (232) away from the connecting screw (231) is fixedly connected to the corner plate (21).

3. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting component (3) includes: A baffle (31) is located between the two corner plates (21). A limiting pin (311) is provided at the bottom end of the baffle (31), and the limiting pin (311) extends into the cylindrical groove of the concave and convex plate (22). A reinforcing rod (32) has a threaded end and a hexagonal pad (321) at the other end. The clamp (33) is parallel to the baffle (31) and abuts against the grid steel frame (1). The threaded end of the reinforcing rod (32) passes through the clamp (33) and is connected to the second nut (322).

4. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reinforcing rod (32) is symmetrically distributed based on the clamp (33).

5. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The baffle (31) has an embedded hexagonal groove (31a) that is adapted to the hexagonal pad (321).

6. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side of the clamp (33) parallel to the baffle (31) is processed with staggered anti-slip textures.

7. The rigid reinforced skeleton structure for karst tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, A clamping block (231a) is integrally formed at the middle position of the connecting screw (231), and the clamping block (231a) is hexagonal prism shaped.

8. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corners of the two corner plates (21) are each provided with triangular reinforcing ribs (211).

9. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concave-convex plate (22) has at least two inclined through holes (22a), and the angle between the axis of the inclined through hole (22a) and the normal of the concave-convex plate (22) is 30°.

10. The rigid reinforcement framework structure for karst tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The convex and concave plate (22) is made of high-strength structural steel.

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