An integrated, high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system, relating to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. It includes a hydrogen storage core module, a heat exchange circulation module, and a pressure control module. This integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system utilizes a spiral heat exchange tube bundle tightly fitted to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container, greatly increasing the heat exchange area and significantly improving heat exchange efficiency. This effectively solves the temperature control problem caused by thermal effects during hydrogen absorption and desorption of solid-state hydrogen storage materials. The built-in electric heating element actively provides the heat required for desorption, ensuring the stability and speed of the hydrogen release process. The pressure control module can accurately stabilize the inlet pressure, avoiding the impact of pressure fluctuations on the hydrogen storage material and improving system safety. Simultaneously, the system has high integration and a compact structure, enhancing protection capabilities. Through uniform hydrogen flow and efficient thermal management, it comprehensively improves hydrogen storage density, hydrogen charging and discharging rates, and system operational stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, specifically to an integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] As described in the published patent CN214500868U, "A Heat Exchange Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Device," with social development, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient secondary energy source, has gained attention and widespread research, becoming an ideal energy source for humanity's future. Hydrogen storage and transportation are key technologies in the utilization of hydrogen energy. Currently, there are three main practical hydrogen storage methods: high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Among them, solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes the reaction between hydrogen gas and solid hydrogen storage materials to achieve hydrogen storage. Compared with other hydrogen storage methods, it has advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, low pressure, good safety, and high hydrogen purity. Therefore, solid-state hydrogen storage has become the most active hydrogen storage technology in current hydrogen energy research.

[0003] The hydrogen absorption and desorption processes of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, represented by metal hydrides, are chemical reactions accompanied by significant thermal effects; that is, heat is released during hydrogen absorption and heat is absorbed during hydrogen release. When the solid-state hydrogen storage material 104 absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, if the released heat cannot be cooled in time, the hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage material will increase, causing the hydrogen absorption rate to decrease until it stops. Conversely, when the solid-state hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, if the solid-state hydrogen storage material cannot be heated in time to supply the required heat, the hydrogen release equilibrium pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage material will decrease, causing the hydrogen release rate to decrease until it stops. Traditional solid-state hydrogen storage tanks cannot achieve timely and sufficient heat exchange of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thus failing to achieve the required hydrogen absorption and desorption rates and response times.

[0004] As described in the published patent CN118935243A, "A Method and System for Filling Hydrogen into a Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Device," hydrogen storage technologies mainly include material-based hydrogen storage and physical hydrogen storage. Physical hydrogen storage is divided into gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage. Gaseous hydrogen storage, based on its advantages such as fast hydrogen filling and releasing speed, low energy consumption, low cost, and mature technology, has become the first commercially applied hydrogen storage technology. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology, due to its advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, safety, no need for high-pressure containers, and the ability to improve hydrogen purity, can solve the two most concerning issues of high-density hydrogen energy storage and safe application. Furthermore, the hydrogen pressure generated by PEM and AEM electrolysis of water meets the filling pressure requirements of solid-state hydrogen storage. Therefore, solid-state hydrogen storage technology is considered one of the best hydrogen storage methods for off-grid power generation in conjunction with renewable energy sources.

[0005] Solid-state hydrogen storage refers to storing hydrogen in solid materials using the physical and chemical adsorption of hydrogen. During the hydrogen filling process, the alloy hydrogen storage material undergoes an exothermic reaction under certain temperature and hydrogen pressure to absorb hydrogen and generate metal hydrides. In existing technologies, natural cooling or other media are typically used for heat exchange to cool solid-state hydrogen storage devices, which suffers from low heat exchange efficiency and long hydrogen filling time.

[0006] As described in the published patent CN117329443A, "A Solid Hydrogen Storage Device Management System and Method", hydrogen energy is a clean energy source for the 21st century. One important application area of ​​hydrogen energy is "hydrogen-electricity". Hydrogen energy storage methods include high-pressure gaseous state, low-temperature liquid state, organic liquid state, and metal (non-metal) solid state, etc. Each hydrogen storage form corresponds to its own hydrogen energy application field.

[0007] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is based on the hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of certain substances and the heat exchange phenomenon that accompanies the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. It leverages the advantages of high safety and high volume density to develop applications in hydrogen energy scenarios.

[0008] Existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices mainly rely on natural cooling or other media (such as cooling water) for heat exchange during hydrogen charging. However, these devices have drawbacks, including low heat exchange efficiency, long charging time, and complex structure, which makes them unsuitable for commercial use.

[0009] In summary, some existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices suffer from low heat exchange efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0010] To overcome the shortcomings mentioned above, this utility model aims to provide a technical solution that can solve the above problems.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0012] An integrated, high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system includes:

[0013] The hydrogen storage core module includes a hydrogen storage container, a hydrogen flow pipe extending into the hydrogen storage container, heat exchange fins fixed inside the hydrogen storage container, and solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage container.

[0014] A heat exchange circulation module, comprising a spiral heat exchange tube bundle disposed on the outer wall of a hydrogen storage container, wherein the spiral heat exchange tube bundle integrates a heat exchange medium flow channel and an electric heating element.

[0015] A pressure control module, which is connected to a hydrogen delivery pipe, is used to stabilize the input hydrogen to a preset pressure value.

[0016] As a further aspect of this utility model: the spiral heat exchange tube bundle includes:

[0017] A double-layer metal heat exchange substrate, wherein the double-layer metal heat exchange substrate comprises an inner substrate and an outer substrate;

[0018] The inner substrate has a heat exchange medium flow channel for the heat exchange medium to flow through, and a heating cavity is formed between the inner substrate and the outer substrate.

[0019] An electric heating element is arranged inside the heating cavity;

[0020] An insulating layer is filled between the electric heating element and the heating cavity;

[0021] The spiral heat exchange tube bundle is configured to surround the hydrogen storage container in a multi-turn spiral structure.

[0022] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the heat exchange fins extend from the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container toward the center; the heat exchange fins are provided with an array of through holes to guide the flow of hydrogen and reduce the weight of the fins.

[0023] As a further embodiment of this utility model: multiple heat exchange fins are evenly arrayed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container, and one end of the heat exchange fins extending towards the center is forked into a Y-shaped structure, and the heat exchange fins extend from the bottom to the top of the hydrogen storage container.

[0024] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the hydrogen guide pipe is arranged along the axis of the hydrogen storage container, one end of the hydrogen guide pipe extends out of the hydrogen storage container and is connected to the pressure control module, the other end of the hydrogen guide pipe extends to the end of the hydrogen storage container, and the hydrogen guide pipe is provided with a guide structure for uniformly dispersing hydrogen.

[0025] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the flow guiding structure includes flow guiding holes uniformly opened along the length direction of the hydrogen flow guiding pipe.

[0026] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the pressure control module includes a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve, which is configured to stabilize the input hydrogen gas to a preset pressure value.

[0027] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the solid hydrogen storage material includes AB2 type and / or AB5 type hydrogen storage materials and / or carbon-based composite hydrogen storage materials;

[0028] The hydrogen storage capacity of the AB2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage materials is approximately 1.8 wt%, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon-based composite hydrogen storage material is approximately 2.0 wt%.

[0029] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a protective shell is fixed to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container, and at least two hydrogen storage containers are provided inside the protective shell. The spiral heat exchange tube bundles on the two hydrogen storage containers have opposite spiral directions. The upper ends of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles on the two hydrogen storage containers are connected to a heat exchange medium inlet pipe through a tee joint, and the lower ends of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles on the two hydrogen storage containers are connected to a heat exchange medium outlet pipe through a tee joint.

[0030] A method for operating the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen storage system includes the following steps:

[0031] Hydrogen absorption process:

[0032] An external hydrogen source is supplied to the pressure control module, which then stabilizes the hydrogen pressure to a preset value.

[0033] The stabilized hydrogen gas is evenly dispersed into the solid hydrogen storage material through the central hydrogen gas guide tube for storage.

[0034] During the hydrogen absorption and heat release process, the generated heat is transferred to the spiral heat exchange tube bundle via the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container.

[0035] The heat exchange medium flows through the flow channel inside the spiral heat exchange tube bundle and exchanges heat with the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container. After absorbing heat, the heat exchange medium is discharged to achieve system cooling.

[0036] Hydrogen release process:

[0037] The electric heating element inside the spiral heat exchange tube bundle is activated to generate heat;

[0038] The generated heat is transferred to the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat exchange medium channel, and the heated heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container.

[0039] Heat is transferred through the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container to the solid hydrogen storage material to provide the necessary thermal energy for hydrogen desorption.

[0040] The desorbed hydrogen gas is collected through the central hydrogen gas guide pipe and discharged to an external hydrogen-using device;

[0041] During the hydrogen release process, the pressure control module is turned off, and the system pressure is naturally regulated through the hydrogen release pipeline.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0043] This utility model's integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system utilizes a spiral heat exchange tube bundle tightly fitted to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container, greatly increasing the heat exchange area and significantly improving heat exchange efficiency. This effectively solves the temperature control problem caused by thermal effects during hydrogen absorption and desorption in solid-state hydrogen storage materials. The built-in electric heating element actively provides the heat required for desorption, ensuring a stable and rapid hydrogen release process. The pressure control module precisely stabilizes the inlet pressure, preventing pressure fluctuations from impacting the hydrogen storage material and improving system safety. Simultaneously, the system boasts high integration and a compact structure, enhancing its protective capabilities. Furthermore, through uniform hydrogen flow and efficient thermal management, it comprehensively improves hydrogen storage density, hydrogen charging / decharging rates, and system operational stability. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is another three-dimensional view of the structure of this utility model;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the hydrogen storage container and heat exchange circulation module in this utility model;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spiral heat exchanger tube bundle in this utility model.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a front view of the hydrogen storage container in this utility model;

[0049] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Sectional view along the AA direction

[0050] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0051] The reference numerals and names in the figure are as follows:

[0052] Hydrogen storage core module-100, hydrogen storage container-101, hydrogen flow guide pipe-102, heat exchange fins-103, solid hydrogen storage material-104, heat exchange circulation module-105, spiral heat exchange tube bundle-106, heat exchange medium flow channel-107, electric heating element-108, pressure control module-109, double-layer metal heat exchange substrate-110, inner substrate-111, outer substrate-112, heating cavity-113, insulation layer-114, through hole-115, flow guide structure-116, flow guide hole-117, pilot-operated pressure reducing valve-118, protective shell-119, tee connector-120, heat exchange medium inlet pipe-121, heat exchange medium outlet pipe-122. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0054] Please see Figure 1-7 An integrated, high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system includes:

[0055] The hydrogen storage core module 100 includes a hydrogen storage container 101, a hydrogen gas guide pipe 102 extending into the hydrogen storage container 101, heat exchange fins 103 fixed in the hydrogen storage container 101, and solid hydrogen storage material 104 filled in the hydrogen storage container 101.

[0056] The heat exchange circulation module 105 includes a spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 disposed on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container 101. The spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 integrates a heat exchange medium flow channel 107 and an electric heating element 108.

[0057] Pressure control module 109, which is connected to hydrogen guide pipe 102, is used to stabilize the input hydrogen to a preset pressure value;

[0058] This novel solid-state hydrogen storage system employs a spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 tightly surrounding the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container 101, greatly increasing the effective heat exchange area and significantly improving heat transfer efficiency. This allows for timely and uniform absorption of heat released during hydrogen absorption or provision of heat required for hydrogen release, effectively preventing a decrease in hydrogen absorption / desorption rates due to thermal effects and ensuring the hydrogen storage material always operates within its high-efficiency range. The pressure control module 109 uses a high-precision pressure reducing valve to stably regulate the inlet pressure, effectively suppressing pressure fluctuations and preventing performance degradation of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 104 due to pressure shocks. This significantly improves the safety and reliability of the system. The hydrogen flow guide pipe 102 and the microporous heat exchange fins 103 inside the hydrogen storage container 101 work together to enhance the uniformity of heat distribution within the container and promote the uniform diffusion and contact of hydrogen, further improving hydrogen storage efficiency and reaction kinetics. The system integrates heat exchange, pressure control, hydrogen storage, and protection functions, with a compact structure and high reliability. It is suitable for large-scale hydrogen storage scenarios and also facilitates modular expansion and application integration, providing key technical support for the practical application and commercialization of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0059] This utility model's integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system utilizes a spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 tightly fitted to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container 101, greatly increasing the heat exchange area and significantly improving heat exchange efficiency. This effectively solves the temperature control problem caused by the thermal effect during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 104. The built-in electric heating element 108 can actively provide the heat required for desorption, ensuring the stability and speed of the hydrogen release process. The pressure control module 109 can accurately stabilize the inlet pressure, avoiding the impact of pressure fluctuations on the hydrogen storage material and improving system safety. At the same time, the system has a high degree of integration and a compact structure, strengthening its protection capabilities. Through uniform hydrogen flow and efficient thermal management, it comprehensively improves the hydrogen storage density, hydrogen charging and discharging rate, and system operational stability.

[0060] In this embodiment of the present invention, the spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 includes:

[0061] A double-layer metal heat exchange substrate 110, the double-layer metal heat exchange substrate 110 including an inner substrate 111 and an outer substrate 112;

[0062] The inner substrate 111 has a heat exchange medium flow channel 107 for the flow of heat exchange medium, and a heating cavity 113 is formed between the inner substrate 111 and the outer substrate 112.

[0063] An electric heating element 108 is arranged inside the heating cavity 113;

[0064] An insulating layer 114 is filled between the electric heating element 108 and the heating cavity 113;

[0065] The spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 is configured to surround the hydrogen storage container 101 in a multi-turn spiral structure.

[0066] The spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 achieves efficient integration and physical isolation of heat exchange and heating functions through its unique double-layer metal heat exchange substrate 110 design. Specifically, the independent flow channel formed inside the inner substrate 111 is dedicated to the flow of heat exchange medium, effectively ensuring the stability of the heat exchange process and the smooth flow of the medium, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0067] The sealed heating cavity 113, constructed by the outer substrate 112 and the inner substrate 111, provides a safe and stable installation environment for the electric heating element 108. This allows the heat generated to be uniformly and efficiently conducted through the metal substrate to the heat exchange medium in the flow channel or the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container 101, greatly improving the problems of local overheating and slow thermal response commonly found in traditional heating methods. The insulation layer 114 filled in the heating cavity 113 not only ensures reliable electrical isolation between the electric heating element 108 and the metal substrate, eliminating the risk of short circuits, but also enhances the overall mechanical stability and long-term high-temperature resistance. This design enhances the safety of system operation. The tube bundle adopts a multi-turn spiral structure that tightly surrounds the hydrogen storage container 101. This design increases the effective contact area with the hydrogen storage container 101 and enhances the uniformity of radial and axial heat exchange, thereby significantly accelerating the cooling rate of the hydrogen absorption process and the heating rate of the hydrogen release process, effectively suppressing the bottleneck of hydrogen absorption and release kinetics caused by thermal effects. At the same time, this integrated design is compact, robust and durable, greatly facilitating the manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the system, and providing core assurance for the efficient, stable and safe operation of the solid hydrogen storage system under complex working conditions.

[0068] By employing a double-layer metal heat exchange substrate 110 structure, the heat exchange medium flow channel 107 is separated from the cavity of the electric heating element 108, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of thermal management. The inner substrate 111 is dedicated to the flow of the heat exchange medium, ensuring the stability of heat transfer, while the heating cavity 113 formed by the outer substrate 112 and the built-in electric heating element 108 achieve efficient and uniform active heating, effectively meeting the heat requirements of the hydrogen release process. The filled insulation layer 114 effectively prevents short circuits or leakage between the electric heating element and the metal substrate, improving the electrical safety and reliability of the system. The overall spiral winding structure greatly increases the contact area with the hydrogen storage container 101, strengthening the heat exchange intensity, while the compact structure facilitates system integration and maintenance.

[0069] In this embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange fins 103 extend from the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container 101 toward the center; the heat exchange fins 103 are provided with an array of through holes 115 for guiding hydrogen flow and reducing the weight of the fins.

[0070] The heat exchange fins 103, through their radial arrangement extending from the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container 101 towards the central axis, greatly increase the effective contact area with the internal solid hydrogen storage material 104, establishing an efficient heat conduction path from the container wall to the interior of the material. This significantly enhances the radial transfer efficiency and uniformity of heat during hydrogen absorption and desorption, effectively solving the problem of temperature lag or overheating in the container core caused by the high thermal resistance of traditional structures. It ensures that the hydrogen storage material can operate under conditions closer to the suitable temperature range, thereby greatly improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction rate and conversion efficiency.

[0071] The multiple through-holes 115 arrayed on the fins not only effectively reduce the weight of the fins themselves and the total weight of the system by thinning the material, but also form multiple micro-flow channels in the structure. These channels can guide hydrogen to penetrate and diffuse uniformly in the hydrogen storage material, break the local accumulation of hydrogen, avoid the formation of flow dead zones, greatly improve the gas-solid phase contact conditions, and promote the renewal of the reaction interface, thereby significantly improving the dynamic performance and actual hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage system. This composite structure design organically integrates the two major functions of "enhanced heat transfer" and "promoted gas distribution" into a single component. The structure is compact and the functions are synergistic. It not only improves the overall thermal management capability of the system, but also enhances the uniformity and stability of the reaction. It provides crucial internal structural support for the solid hydrogen storage system to achieve rapid, efficient and reliable energy exchange and medium transmission.

[0072] In this embodiment of the present invention, multiple heat exchange fins 103 are evenly arrayed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container 101. One end of the heat exchange fins 103 extending towards the center is forked into a Y-shaped structure. The heat exchange fins 103 extend from the bottom to the top of the hydrogen storage container 101.

[0073] The heat exchange fins 103 are uniformly arrayed circumferentially on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container 101, ensuring uniform heat distribution around the container and effectively eliminating local hot spots or cold zones, providing a stable and consistent heat exchange environment for the solid hydrogen storage material 104. One end of the fins branches into a Y-shaped structure towards the center, significantly increasing the contact area between the fin tip and the hydrogen flow and storage material. This not only enhances heat collection and transfer from the center of the container to the edge, improving overall heat exchange efficiency, but also forms multi-level flow channels that further agitate and disperse the hydrogen, breaking the flow boundary layer and promoting deep penetration of hydrogen into the storage material, ensuring the sufficiency and uniformity of the gas-solid reaction. This Y-shaped branching design maximizes the heat exchange area and optimizes the airflow organization within a limited space, resulting in a sophisticated structure with multiple functions, significantly improving the overall thermodynamic and reaction kinetic performance of the hydrogen storage system.

[0074] In this embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen guide pipe 102 is arranged along the axis of the hydrogen storage container 101. One end of the hydrogen guide pipe 102 extends out of the hydrogen storage container 101 and is connected to the pressure control module 109. The other end of the hydrogen guide pipe 102 extends to the end of the hydrogen storage container 101. The hydrogen guide pipe 102 is provided with a guide structure 116 for uniformly dispersing hydrogen.

[0075] The hydrogen flow guide pipe 102 is arranged along the axis of the hydrogen storage container 101. One end of it is connected to the pressure control module 109, and the other end extends to the end of the container, forming a core airflow channel that runs through the reaction zone. This ensures that hydrogen can be directly delivered from the inlet to the farthest end of the container, laying a structural foundation for the long-range uniform distribution of hydrogen. The flow guide structure 116 (such as micropores or slits) set on the hydrogen flow guide pipe 102 allows high-pressure hydrogen to be uniformly ejected or seeped out radially, thereby achieving multi-dimensional dispersion in the solid hydrogen storage material 104. This effectively breaks the problem of uneven distribution where hydrogen tends to concentrate near the inlet or preferentially penetrate along the path, greatly increasing the contact area and reaction probability between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material. This design significantly optimizes the airflow field and concentration field inside the container, avoiding the formation of local high pressure or dead zones. It not only improves the utilization rate of the hydrogen storage material and the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, but also ensures that the pressure stabilization effect of the pressure control module 109 can be effectively transmitted to the entire container space, thereby improving the overall hydrogen storage efficiency, reaction stability, and operational safety of the system.

[0076] In this embodiment of the present invention, the flow guiding structure 116 includes flow guiding holes 117 uniformly opened along the length direction of the hydrogen flow guiding pipe 102;

[0077] The uniformly spaced flow holes 117 along the length of the hydrogen flow pipe 102 constitute the core airflow distribution structure of the system. By providing a series of uniform hydrogen release points along the entire reaction path, the system achieves radial, uniform, multi-dimensional, and synchronous dispersion of hydrogen from the central axis of the container to the surrounding solid hydrogen storage material 104. This completely solves the problems of uneven distribution, local saturation, and incomplete reaction caused by hydrogen concentration at the inlet or specific areas in traditional designs. This uniformly spaced hole design creates a stable and balanced airflow and concentration field inside the container, effectively avoiding the generation of local high-pressure points and flow dead zones. It greatly improves the contact efficiency and reaction probability between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material, thereby significantly accelerating the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction kinetics and improving the volume utilization rate of the hydrogen storage material. At the same time, this structure ensures that the pressure stabilized by the pressure control module 109 can be transmitted to the end of the container without attenuation and act uniformly on the entire reaction area through each flow hole 117, keeping the system pressure balanced and uniform. This not only greatly enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of pressure control but also fundamentally improves the stability and safety of system operation. It is a key innovation for achieving efficient, rapid, and stable hydrogen storage.

[0078] In this embodiment of the present invention, the pressure control module 109 includes a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 118, which is configured to stabilize the input hydrogen gas to a preset pressure value.

[0079] The pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 118 provides the system with high-precision and high-stability pressure control capabilities. Through the coordinated action of the pilot valve's sensitive response and the main valve's rapid response, it can instantaneously adjust the pressure fluctuations of the input hydrogen and precisely stabilize it at a preset ideal pressure value. This effectively eliminates the physical impact and chemical performance interference caused by pressure instability on the solid hydrogen storage material 104. This preset pressure value can be precisely set according to the thermodynamic characteristics of different hydrogen storage materials, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen absorption process takes place under the optimal equilibrium pressure. This prevents the decrease in hydrogen absorption driving force due to insufficient pressure and also avoids… This design eliminates safety risks such as material pulverization and container overpressure caused by excessive pressure, significantly improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage reaction and the lifespan of materials. Its stable output pressure, combined with the hydrogen flow pipe 102 and the uniformly distributed perforated structure, creates a highly balanced reaction environment inside the hydrogen storage container 101, ensuring that hydrogen can be evenly dispersed and fully contacted with the materials, greatly improving the hydrogen storage capacity and rate. At the same time, the reliable operation of this valve fundamentally eliminates the hidden danger of system overpressure, providing crucial protection for the high safety, high stability and long-term reliable operation of the entire solid-state hydrogen storage system.

[0080] In this embodiment of the utility model,

[0081] The solid hydrogen storage material 104 includes AB2 type and / or AB5 type hydrogen storage materials and / or carbon-based composite hydrogen storage materials.

[0082] The hydrogen storage capacity of the AB2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage materials is approximately 1.8 wt%, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon-based composite hydrogen storage material is approximately 2.0 wt%.

[0083] The insulating layer 114 includes a magnesium oxide insulating filler layer;

[0084] The central hydrogen guide pipe 102 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0085] The heat exchange fins 103 include copper fins;

[0086] The inner substrate 111 and the outer substrate 112 include pipes made of 6061 aluminum alloy.

[0087] The AB5 type hydrogen storage material includes LaNi5 series hydrogen storage alloy, and the AB2 type hydrogen storage material includes titanium-manganese hydrogen storage material.

[0088] The magnesium oxide insulating filler layer possesses excellent high-temperature insulation and thermal conductivity, ensuring both the safe use of the electric heating element 108 and efficient heat transfer. The aluminum alloy central hydrogen guide tube 102 achieves a balance between lightweight design and good hydrogen corrosion resistance, ensuring the durability and stability of the hydrogen delivery channel. The copper heat exchange fins 103 utilize their extremely high thermal conductivity to significantly enhance the radial transfer and uniform distribution of heat inside the container. The double-layer heat exchange substrate made of 6061 aluminum alloy ensures structural strength while achieving excellent processability and heat transfer efficiency. The application of LaNi5-based hydrogen storage alloys and carbon-based composite hydrogen storage materials (hydrogen storage capacity ≥ 2.0 wt%) improves material adaptability and system hydrogen storage density while maintaining high hydrogen storage capacity and good reaction kinetics. The systematic selection and integration of these materials and components jointly optimizes the matching relationship between thermal management, airflow distribution, pressure control, and material properties, ultimately resulting in a comprehensive enhancement of the system in terms of efficiency, safety, lightweight design, and reliability.

[0089] In this embodiment of the present invention, a protective shell 119 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container 101. At least two hydrogen storage containers 101 are provided inside the protective shell 119. The spiral heat exchange tube bundles 106 on the two hydrogen storage containers 101 have opposite spiral directions. The upper ends of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles 106 on the two hydrogen storage containers 101 are connected to a heat exchange medium inlet pipe 121 through a three-way connector 120. The lower end interfaces of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles 106 on the two hydrogen storage containers 101 are connected to a heat exchange medium outlet pipe 122 through a three-way connector 120.

[0090] The protective shell 119 effectively enhances the overall structural strength and external environmental resistance of the system, providing reliable physical protection and thermal insulation for the internal hydrogen storage container 101. At least two hydrogen storage containers 101 are arranged side-by-side inside the protective shell 119, significantly improving the system's hydrogen storage capacity and space utilization efficiency, making it suitable for large-scale hydrogen storage applications. The spiral heat exchange tube bundles 106 on the outer walls of the two hydrogen storage containers 101 are symmetrically arranged with opposite spiral directions, forming complementary flow fields during the flow of the heat exchange medium. This promotes uniform medium distribution and enhances turbulence, thereby significantly improving overall heat exchange efficiency and temperature field uniformity, effectively avoiding thermal interference between multiple containers. The upper and lower ends of each tube bundle are connected in parallel to the inlet and outlet pipes via tee connectors 120, realizing integrated and unified distribution and collection of heat exchange loops for multiple containers. This greatly simplifies the external pipeline layout, reduces system complexity and flow resistance, and facilitates system installation, maintenance, and expansion, providing an innovative and practical solution for the efficient, stable, and compact integration of multi-module solid-state hydrogen storage systems.

[0091] A method for operating the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen storage system includes the following steps:

[0092] Hydrogen absorption process:

[0093] An external hydrogen source is supplied to the pressure control module 109, and the pressure control module 109 stabilizes the hydrogen pressure to a preset value.

[0094] The stabilized hydrogen gas is uniformly dispersed into the solid hydrogen storage material 104 through the central hydrogen gas guide tube 102 for storage.

[0095] During the hydrogen absorption and heat release process, the generated heat is transferred to the spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 via the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container 101.

[0096] The heat exchange medium flows through the flow channel inside the spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 and exchanges heat with the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container 101. After absorbing heat, the heat exchange medium is discharged to achieve system cooling.

[0097] Hydrogen release process:

[0098] The electric heating element 108 inside the spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106 is activated to generate heat;

[0099] The generated heat is transferred to the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat exchange medium channel 107, and the heated heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container 101.

[0100] Heat is transferred through the outer shell of the hydrogen storage container 101 to the solid hydrogen storage material 104 to provide the required thermal energy for hydrogen desorption.

[0101] The desorbed hydrogen gas is collected through the central hydrogen gas guide pipe 102 and discharged to an external hydrogen-using device;

[0102] During the hydrogen release process, the pressure control module 109 is turned off, and the system pressure is naturally regulated through the hydrogen release pipeline;

[0103] This invention's working method achieves efficient, safe, and stable operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage system through systematic process control and precise coordination of various functional modules;

[0104] During hydrogen absorption, the pressure control module 109 precisely stabilizes the inlet pressure, effectively preventing pressure fluctuations from impacting the hydrogen storage material. Simultaneously, the central hydrogen guide pipe 102 ensures uniform hydrogen dispersion, significantly improving the adsorption efficiency and capacity utilization of the hydrogen storage material. The heat released during hydrogen absorption is promptly dissipated by the heat exchange medium within the spiral heat exchange tube bundle 106, preventing excessive system temperature rise and maintaining the optimal reaction temperature range. During hydrogen release, an electric heating element 108 actively heats the heat exchange medium, and the spiral tube bundle uniformly and efficiently transfers heat to the hydrogen storage material, ensuring rapid start-up and continuous operation of the desorption process. The desorbed hydrogen is collected and output in an orderly manner through the guide pipe, ensuring the stability and reliability of the hydrogen supply. During desorption, closing the pressure control module 109 and naturally regulating the pressure using the hydrogen release pipeline simplifies the control logic, avoids overpressure risks, and enhances system safety. This method fully leverages the structural advantages of the integrated system, achieving comprehensive optimized control of multiple parameters including pressure, temperature, and flow rate, significantly improving the overall performance and practicality of the hydrogen storage system.

[0105] In one embodiment, the electric heating element 108 includes an electric heating wire.

[0106] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated, high-efficiency heat exchange solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, include: The hydrogen storage core module (100) includes a hydrogen storage container (101), a hydrogen flow pipe (102) extending into the hydrogen storage container (101), heat exchange fins (103) fixed in the hydrogen storage container (101), and solid hydrogen storage material (104) filled in the hydrogen storage container (101). The heat exchange circulation module (105) includes a spiral heat exchange tube bundle (106) disposed on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage container (101). The spiral heat exchange tube bundle (106) integrates a heat exchange medium flow channel (107) and an electric heating element (108). A pressure control module (109) is connected to a hydrogen flow pipe (102) to stabilize the input hydrogen to a preset pressure value.

2. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 1, wherein, The spiral heat exchange tube bundle (106) includes: A double-layer metal heat exchange substrate (110) includes an inner substrate (111) and an outer substrate (112). The inner substrate (111) has a heat exchange medium flow channel (107) for the flow of heat exchange medium, and a heating cavity (113) is formed between the inner substrate (111) and the outer substrate (112). An electric heating element (108) is arranged inside the heating cavity (113); An insulating layer (114) is filled between the electric heating element (108) and the heating cavity (113); The spiral heat exchange tube bundle (106) is configured to surround the hydrogen storage container (101) in a multi-turn spiral structure.

3. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 2, wherein, The heat exchange fins (103) extend from the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container (101) toward the center; the heat exchange fins (103) are provided with an array of through holes (115) to guide the flow of hydrogen and reduce the weight of the fins.

4. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchange solid hydrogen storage system of claim 3, wherein, The heat exchange fins (103) are arranged in a uniform array along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage container (101). One end of the heat exchange fins (103) extending towards the center is forked into a Y-shaped structure. The heat exchange fins (103) extend from the bottom to the top of the hydrogen storage container (101).

5. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 4, wherein, The hydrogen flow guide pipe (102) is arranged along the axis of the hydrogen storage container (101). One end of the hydrogen flow guide pipe (102) extends out of the hydrogen storage container (101) and is connected to the pressure control module (109). The other end of the hydrogen flow guide pipe (102) extends to the end of the hydrogen storage container (101). The hydrogen flow guide pipe (102) is provided with a flow guiding structure (116) for uniformly dispersing hydrogen.

6. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 5, wherein, The flow guiding structure (116) includes flow guiding holes (117) that are uniformly opened along the length of the hydrogen flow guiding pipe (102).

7. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 6, wherein, The pressure control module (109) includes a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve (118) configured to stabilize the input hydrogen gas to a preset pressure value.

8. The integrated high-efficiency heat exchanging solid-state hydrogen storage system of claim 7, wherein, The solid hydrogen storage material (104) includes AB2 type and / or AB5 type hydrogen storage materials and / or carbon-based composite hydrogen storage materials; The hydrogen storage capacity of the AB2 and AB5 type hydrogen storage materials is approximately 1.8 wt%, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon-based composite hydrogen storage material is approximately 2.0 wt%.

9. The integrated high-efficiency heat transfer solid hydrogen storage system of claim 8, wherein, The outer wall of the hydrogen storage container (101) is fixed with a protective shell (119). At least two hydrogen storage containers (101) are provided inside the protective shell (119). The spiral heat exchange tube bundles (106) on the two hydrogen storage containers (101) have opposite spiral directions. The upper end of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles (106) on the two hydrogen storage containers (101) is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet pipe (121) through a three-way connector (120). The lower end interface of the spiral heat exchange tube bundles (106) on the two hydrogen storage containers (101) is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet pipe (122) through a three-way connector (120).

Images