A dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system
By using a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, the reuse and coordinated management of heat from lithium iron phosphate batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries are realized, solving the problems of incoordination of heat utilization and poor adaptability to extreme temperatures, and improving heat transfer efficiency and energy efficiency ratio.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SINOHYDRO ENG BUREAU 4
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing thermal management systems of lithium iron phosphate batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries are designed independently, which results in the inability to utilize heat in a coordinated manner, poor adaptability to extreme temperatures, sluggish mode switching response, and insufficient heat transfer efficiency, leading to energy waste and poor energy efficiency ratio.
The system employs a dual heat exchanger coupled with a battery thermal management system. It achieves heat reuse through refrigerant circulation, switches between heating and cooling modes using a three-way reversing valve, and optimizes heat transfer efficiency through dynamic adjustment of the expansion valve and coordinated heat dissipation by multiple fans.
It improves the thermal management response capability of the coupled energy storage unit, optimizes heat transfer efficiency, reduces equipment costs, and ensures efficient and stable operation in extreme environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN224472522U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and in particular to a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system. Background Technology
[0002] Against the backdrop of the rapid development of new energy storage technologies, lithium iron phosphate batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries are widely used in energy storage systems due to their unique performance advantages. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have high energy density and fast charge and discharge response, but they are sensitive to operating temperature. Their capacity decays significantly at low temperatures, and they are prone to thermal runaway at high temperatures. Vanadium redox flow batteries have long cycle life and high safety, but their electrolyte performance is significantly affected by temperature. Vanadium ion precipitation easily occurs in the electrolyte at high temperatures, and ion conduction efficiency decreases at low temperatures, both of which lead to battery performance degradation.
[0003] Currently, the thermal management systems for the two types of batteries are mostly designed and operated independently, resulting in the following shortcomings: Inability to coordinate heat utilization: The heat generated by lithium iron phosphate batteries during operation or the preheating energy required in low-temperature environments is difficult to match with the heat demands of vanadium redox flow batteries, leading to energy waste; Poor adaptability to extreme temperatures: In low-temperature environments (e.g., ≤-20℃), preheating of lithium iron phosphate batteries relies on additional high-energy-consuming equipment, resulting in low efficiency; In high-temperature environments (e.g., ≥40℃), the electrolyte in vanadium redox flow batteries is prone to precipitation, and existing heat dissipation methods are insufficient for rapid cooling; Lagging response during mode switching: Switching between heating and cooling modes relies on complex control logic, making it difficult to adjust quickly according to ambient temperature, affecting the overall stability of the coupled energy storage unit; Insufficient heat transfer efficiency: The lack of dynamic adjustment mechanisms (e.g., precise control of expansion valves) and coordinated heat dissipation methods (e.g., multi-fan linkage) leads to low heat exchange efficiency and poor overall energy efficiency ratio (COP). Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, which enables the reuse of heat from two types of batteries through refrigerant circulation, switches between heating / cooling modes through a three-way reversing valve, improves the responsiveness of the coupled energy storage unit thermal management system, and optimizes heat transfer efficiency by combining dynamic adjustment of the expansion valve with multi-fan coordinated heat dissipation.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a dual-heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, including a lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component, a vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component, and pipelines. The inlet of the first three-way reversing valve in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component is connected to an expansion valve, and the outlet of the first three-way reversing valve is connected to a first heat exchanger or a second heat exchanger. The outlet of the second three-way reversing valve in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component is connected to a refrigerant storage tank, and the inlet of the second three-way reversing valve is connected to the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger. The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component and the vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component are connected by pipelines.
[0006] Preferably, the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component includes a refrigerant reservoir, a compressor, a heating wire, a lithium iron phosphate battery, an expansion valve, a first three-way reversing valve, and a second three-way reversing valve; the refrigerant reservoir is connected to the compressor, the compressor is connected to the lithium iron phosphate battery, a heating wire is provided between the compressor and the lithium iron phosphate battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery is connected to the expansion valve, and the expansion valve is connected to the first three-way reversing valve.
[0007] Preferably, the thermal management assembly of the vanadium redox flow battery includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a positive electrolyte storage tank, a negative electrolyte storage tank, a circulation pump, and a battery stack. The positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks are connected to the first heat exchanger via the circulation pump. The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery stack, and the battery stack is connected to the second heat exchanger. The positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks are connected to both sides of the second heat exchanger.
[0008] Preferably, the circulating pump includes a first circulating pump and a second circulating pump, the positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the first circulating pump, the negative electrolyte storage tank is connected to the second circulating pump, the outlets of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are connected to a first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is connected to the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump.
[0009] Preferably, a first fan is provided between the first three-way reversing valve and the second heat exchanger, and a second fan is provided between the second three-way reversing valve and the refrigerant storage tank.
[0010] Preferably, the heating wire is installed on a pipe.
[0011] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, which realizes the reuse of heat from two types of batteries through refrigerant circulation; improves the response capability of the coupled energy storage unit thermal management system by switching heating / cooling modes through a three-way reversing valve; and optimizes heat transfer efficiency by combining dynamic adjustment of the expansion valve and multi-fan coordinated heat dissipation. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the heating cycle structure of a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to the present invention.
[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration cycle structure of a dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to this utility model.
[0014] Figure Labels
[0015] 1. Lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component; 2. Refrigerant reservoir; 3. Compressor; 4. Heating wire; 5. Lithium iron phosphate battery; 6. Expansion valve; 7. First three-way reversing valve; 8. First heat exchanger; 9. Second three-way reversing valve; 10. First fan; 11. Second fan; 12. Second heat exchanger; 13. Vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component; 14. Positive electrolyte reservoir; 15. Negative electrolyte reservoir; 16. First circulation pump; 17. Second circulation pump; 18. Battery stack. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0017] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
[0018] Example 1
[0019] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this utility model provides a dual-heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, including a lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component 1, a vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component 13, and pipelines. The inlet of the first three-way reversing valve 7 in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component 1 is connected to the expansion valve 6, and the outlet of the first three-way reversing valve 7 is connected to the first heat exchanger 8 or the second heat exchanger 12. The outlet of the second three-way reversing valve 9 in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component 1 is connected to the refrigerant storage tank 2, and the inlet of the second three-way reversing valve 9 is connected to the first heat exchanger 8 or the second heat exchanger 12. The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component 1 and the vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component 13 are connected by pipelines.
[0020] A first fan 10 is provided between the first three-way reversing valve 7 and the second heat exchanger 12, and a second fan 11 is provided between the second three-way reversing valve 9 and the refrigerant storage tank 2.
[0021] The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component 1 includes a refrigerant reservoir 2, a compressor 3, a heating wire 4, a lithium iron phosphate battery 5, an expansion valve 6, a first three-way reversing valve 7, and a second three-way reversing valve 9. The refrigerant reservoir 2 is connected to the compressor 3 and contains R410A refrigerant. The compressor 3 is connected to the lithium iron phosphate battery 5, and the heating wire 4 is installed between the compressor 3 and the lithium iron phosphate battery 5 on a pipeline. The lithium iron phosphate battery 5 is connected to the expansion valve 6, and the expansion valve 6 is connected to the first three-way reversing valve 7.
[0022] The thermal management assembly 13 of the vanadium redox flow battery includes a first heat exchanger 8, a second heat exchanger 12, a positive electrolyte storage tank 14, a negative electrolyte storage tank 15, a circulation pump, and a battery stack 18. The positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 are connected to the first heat exchanger 8 through the circulation pump. The first heat exchanger 8 is connected to the battery stack 18. The battery stack 18 is connected to the second heat exchanger 12. The positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 are connected to both sides of the second heat exchanger 12.
[0023] The circulation pump includes a first circulation pump 16 and a second circulation pump 17. The positive electrolyte storage tank 14 is connected to the first circulation pump 16, and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 is connected to the second circulation pump 17. The outlets of the first circulation pump 16 and the second circulation pump 17 are connected to the first heat exchanger 8, and the second heat exchanger 12 is connected to the first circulation pump 16 and the second circulation pump 17.
[0024] In low-temperature environments (ambient temperature ≤ -20℃), the heating cycle begins, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the refrigerant is preferably R410A. The heating wire 4 initially heats the R410A refrigerant, which then heats the lithium iron phosphate battery 5. The R410A refrigerant flows from the refrigerant storage tank 2 through the compressor 3, absorbs heat and vaporizes in the lithium iron phosphate battery 5, then passes through the expansion valve 6 and the first three-way reversing valve 7 to the first heat exchanger 8. At this time, the positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 in the vanadium redox flow battery thermal management assembly 13 reach the first heat exchanger 8 via the first circulation pump 16 and the second circulation pump 17 for heating, and finally enter the stack 18 for reaction. After the reaction, the electrolyte returns to the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks respectively, thus achieving heating of the coupled energy storage unit.
[0025] Under intermediate temperature conditions (-20℃ < ambient temperature < 40℃), the heating wire 4 stops heating the lithium iron phosphate battery 5. R410A refrigerant flows from the refrigerant storage tank 2 through the compressor 3, absorbs heat and vaporizes in the lithium iron phosphate battery 5, then passes through the expansion valve 6 and the first three-way reversing valve 7 to the first heat exchanger 8. At this time, the positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 in the vanadium redox flow battery thermal management assembly 13 reach the first heat exchanger 8 via the first circulation pump 16 and the second circulation pump 17 for heating, and finally enter the stack 18 for reaction. After the reaction, the electrolyte returns to the positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15, thus achieving heating of the coupled energy storage unit.
[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, in a high-temperature environment (ambient temperature ≥ 40℃), the heating cycle ends and the cooling cycle begins. The R410A refrigerant flows from the refrigerant storage tank 2 through the compressor 3 and absorbs heat in the lithium iron phosphate battery 5 to vaporize. After vaporization, it passes through the first three-way reversing valve 7 to start the cooling cycle. The refrigerant R410A is cooled and depressurized by the expansion valve 6 and the second fan 11 to liquefy it. After entering the second heat exchanger 12, it absorbs the heat of the positive and negative electrolytes after the reaction in the stack 18 and then vaporizes to avoid excessive temperature and precipitation reaction. Afterward, it returns to the positive electrolyte storage tank 14 and the negative electrolyte storage tank 15 to achieve cooling of the coupled energy storage unit.
[0027] This utility model adopts the above-mentioned dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, which realizes the reuse of heat from two types of batteries through refrigerant circulation; it improves the response capability of the coupled energy storage unit thermal management system by switching heating / cooling modes through a three-way reversing valve; and it optimizes heat transfer efficiency by combining expansion valve dynamic adjustment and multi-fan coordinated heat dissipation, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency ratio (COP), reducing equipment costs, and ultimately ensuring that the hybrid energy storage unit operates efficiently and stably in extreme environments.
[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.
Claims
1. A dual-heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system, characterized in that, The system includes a lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component, a vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component, and piping. The inlet of the first three-way reversing valve in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component is connected to an expansion valve, and the outlet of the first three-way reversing valve is connected to a first heat exchanger or a second heat exchanger. The outlet of the second three-way reversing valve in the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component is connected to a refrigerant storage tank, and the inlet of the second three-way reversing valve is connected to the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger. The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component and the vanadium redox flow battery thermal management component are connected by piping.
2. The dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal management component includes a refrigerant reservoir, a compressor, a heating wire, a lithium iron phosphate battery, an expansion valve, a first three-way reversing valve, and a second three-way reversing valve. The refrigerant reservoir is connected to the compressor, the compressor is connected to the lithium iron phosphate battery, a heating wire is provided between the compressor and the lithium iron phosphate battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery is connected to the expansion valve, and the expansion valve is connected to the first three-way reversing valve.
3. The dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management assembly of the vanadium redox flow battery includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a positive electrolyte storage tank, a negative electrolyte storage tank, a circulation pump, and a battery stack. The positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks are connected to the first heat exchanger via the circulation pump. The first heat exchanger is connected to the battery stack, and the battery stack is connected to the second heat exchanger. The positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks are connected to both sides of the second heat exchanger.
4. The dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circulation pump includes a first circulation pump and a second circulation pump. The positive electrolyte storage tank is connected to the first circulation pump, and the negative electrolyte storage tank is connected to the second circulation pump. The outlets of the first circulation pump and the second circulation pump are connected to a first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is connected to the first circulation pump and the second circulation pump.
5. The dual heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first fan is provided between the first three-way reversing valve and the second heat exchanger, and a second fan is provided between the second three-way reversing valve and the refrigerant storage tank.
6. A dual-heat exchanger coupled battery thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating wire is installed on the pipeline.