A multi-port power intelligent distribution circuit

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi -mouth power intelligent distribution circuit belongs to the fast charge technical field, the utility model discloses multi -mouth power intelligent distribution circuit includes MCU microprocessor module, and the output end of power input module leads one way above first fast charging circuit, first fast charging circuit includes the voltage reducing module, current -limiting resistance, protocol module and USB charging mouth connected in order to the current direction, the output of protocol module is linked with USB charging mouth, the both ends of current -limiting resistance still parallel one way above first current -limiting branch, first current -limiting branch includes the first resistance and first switch tube in series, the control pin of first switch tube is linked with the control end of MCU microprocessor module. The utility model has the beneficial effect that: can also adjust power according to the demand of charging equipment while not changing and influencing USB charging mouth protocol.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fast charging technology, specifically to a multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, modern users typically own multiple devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, smartwatches, and wireless headphones, which traditional single-port chargers cannot meet the demand for simultaneous charging. Furthermore, when family members share chargers, multi-port designs can reduce the amount of socket space occupied and the number of chargers required. However, with the diversification of charging device protocols and the widespread adoption of fast charging protocols such as USB PD and QC, multi-port chargers can intelligently identify devices and allocate power to prevent charging speed degradation. They dynamically adjust the output of each port to ensure that high-priority devices (such as laptops) receive the highest power.

[0003] There are several implementation methods for existing multi-port charging devices. The first is to share a single circuit between the two ports, performing fast charging when each port is in use, but reducing the voltage to 5V and lowering the charging power when both are in use simultaneously. The second method involves switching the PDO (Power Distribution Requirement) between the two Type-C charging circuits to reduce power, as the PD protocol can adjust the device's power output by changing the PDO in real time. The third method can reduce power by switching the PDO between the Type-C charging circuits, or by detecting the USB port's current and then communicating to change the PDO of the Type-C charging circuit to reduce the device's power output. The drawback of these solutions is that they can only change the power output of the Type-C port, not the USB charging circuit. This is because USB charging circuits use protocols like QC or SCP, which cannot control output power by changing the protocol. Consequently, when a device is connected to the USB charging port, it's impossible to allocate appropriate charging power among the various charging circuits according to the charging demand, impacting the user experience. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems in the existing technology, this utility model provides a multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit.

[0005] This utility model discloses a multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit, including an MCU microprocessor module and one or more first fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The first fast charging circuit includes a step-down module, a current-limiting resistor, a protocol module, and a USB charging port connected in sequence according to the current direction. The output terminal of the protocol module is connected to the USB charging port. The two ends of the current-limiting resistor are also connected in parallel to one or more first current-limiting branches. The first current-limiting branch includes a first resistor and a first switching transistor connected in series. The control pin of the first switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the MCU microprocessor module.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes one or more second fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The second fast charging circuit includes a fast charging power management module and a Type-C charging port connected to the output terminal of the power management module. The fast charging power management module is connected to an MCU microprocessor module. The MCU microprocessor module can intelligently adjust the output power of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit according to the power requirements of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, the charging power management module includes a charging management chip, which is a Zyrone SW3516 or SW3518 series chip capable of intelligently outputting different power according to the needs of different devices.

[0008] Furthermore, the output terminal of the current-limiting resistor is also provided with a second switching transistor, which is connected in series on the charging line of the first fast charging circuit, and the control terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the protocol module.

[0009] Furthermore, the protocol module includes a protocol chip U4 and a storage chip U6. The protocol chip U4 is used to provide protocol support for the USB charging port, and the storage chip U6 is used to store protocol-related information.

[0010] Furthermore, the step-down module includes a step-down chip U3, which has a first pin and a second pin. The first pin and the second pin are respectively connected to the two ends of the current-limiting resistor for collecting the current value across the current-limiting resistor. The first fast charging circuit has a sampling module, and the step-down chip also has a third pin connected to the sampling module.

[0011] Furthermore, the sampling module includes resistors R21 and R22, capacitor C39 and resistor R23, wherein resistors R21 and R22 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with capacitor C39 and resistor R23 connected in series, and the third pin is connected between resistors R21 and R22 and between capacitor C39 and resistor R23 respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the MCU microprocessor module includes an MCU and a third switching transistor connected to the control pin of the MCU. The number of the third switching transistors is the same as that of the first current limiting branch, and they are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The control pin of the third switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the MCU. The first power supply pin of the third switching transistor is grounded, and the second power supply pin of the third switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the first switching transistor.

[0013] Furthermore, the first power supply pin of the third switch is also connected to the control pin of the third switch through a resistor, and the control pin of the first switch is connected to the voltage input terminal of the first resistor through a resistor.

[0014] Furthermore, the MCU is also provided with a current acquisition pin and a voltage acquisition pin for acquiring the current and voltage of the first fast charging circuit. The current acquisition pin is connected to the current output pin of the protocol module, and the voltage acquisition pin is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting resistor through a voltage sampling unit.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: it allows the USB charging port to adjust its power according to the needs of the charging device without changing or affecting the USB charging port protocol. This advantage enables truly efficient power distribution in multi-port charging structures, dynamically adjusting the output of each port to ensure that high-priority devices (such as laptops) receive the highest power, meeting the charging needs of various devices and improving the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the first embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the second embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the first fast charging circuit of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the first and second fast charging circuits according to the second embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the second fast charging circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of the MCU microprocessor module of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0024] In this invention, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this invention can be combined with other embodiments.

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit of this utility model includes an MCU microprocessor module and one or more first fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The first fast charging circuit includes a step-down module, a current-limiting resistor, a protocol module and a USB charging port connected in sequence according to the current direction. The output terminal of the protocol module is connected to the USB charging port. One or more first current-limiting branches are also connected in parallel across the two ends of the current-limiting resistor. The first current-limiting branch includes a first resistor and a first switching transistor connected in series. The control pin of the first switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the MCU microprocessor module.

[0027] Preferably, the present invention further includes one or more second fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The second fast charging circuit includes a fast charging power management module and a Type-C charging port connected to the output terminal of the power management module. The fast charging power management module is connected to an MCU microprocessor module. The MCU microprocessor module can intelligently adjust the output power of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit according to the power requirements of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit.

[0028] The second fast charging circuit includes a fast charging power management module, which can output dynamic power to the subsequent Type-C charging port. The fast charging power management module is connected to the MCU microprocessor module.

[0029] When the MCU microprocessor module detects that only the Type-C charging port of the second fast charging circuit is being charged, it allocates appropriate power to one or more Type-C charging ports according to the charging needs. When the MCU microprocessor module detects that the USB charging port of the first fast charging circuit is being charged, it controls the first switch of the first current-limiting branch to turn on or off according to the needs, and adjusts the current across the current-limiting resistor, thereby intelligently allocating power to the first fast charging circuit. When the MCU microprocessor module detects that both the first and second fast charging circuits are being charged, it intelligently allocates power to the first and second fast charging circuits according to the charging needs of the USB charging ports.

[0030] like Figures 2-6 As shown in the figure, as an embodiment of the present invention, the first fast charging circuit is one circuit, which is used to connect to USB load 3, and the second fast charging circuit is two circuits, providing two Type-C charging ports, which are used to connect to Type-C1 load 1 and Type-C2 load 2 respectively. The specific number of the first fast charging circuit, the first current limiting branch, and the second fast charging circuit in this example can be flexibly set according to specific needs.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the charging power management module includes charging management chips U1 and U2. These chips integrate DC-DC conversion and fast charging protocol functions, enabling them to intelligently output different power outputs from the SW3516 or SW3518 series chips according to the needs of different devices. They can communicate with the MCU microprocessor to exchange protocol-triggered output power information or receive power allocated by the MCU microprocessor, thus realizing fast charging functionality for downstream load devices. Of course, the charging power management module in this example can also be implemented using a DC-DC conversion chip and a fast charging protocol chip.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, in this example, to ensure compatibility with certain smartphone models, a second switch Q5 is provided at the output terminal of the current-limiting resistor. The second switch Q5 is connected in series with the charging line of the first fast charging circuit, and its control terminal is connected to the control pin of the protocol module. The second switch Q5 is optional and can be omitted if it is not used for charging certain smartphone models.

[0033] The protocol module in this example includes a protocol chip U4 and a storage chip U6. The protocol chip U4 is used to provide protocol support for the USB charging port, and the storage chip U6 is used to store protocol-related information.

[0034] This example's step-down module includes a step-down chip U3, which has a first pin (pins 9 and 10) and a second pin (pin 11). The first and second pins are respectively connected to the two ends of the current-limiting resistor to collect the current value across the current-limiting resistor. The first fast charging circuit has a sampling module, and the step-down chip also has a third pin (pin 8) connected to the sampling module. In this example, the sampling module includes resistors R21 and R22, capacitor C39, and resistor R23. Resistors R21 and R22 are connected in series and then in parallel with capacitor C39 and resistor R23. The third pin is connected between resistors R21 and R22 and between capacitor C39 and resistor R23.

[0035] The input power is output to pins 2 and 5 of the step-down chip U3 through the power input terminal. After being processed by the step-down chip U3, the power is output from pin 3, and then output to the current-limiting resistor RS1 through the filter components.

[0036] In this example, two first current-limiting branches are connected in parallel across the current-limiting resistor RS1: resistor RS2 + switch Q10B and resistor RS3 + switch Q10A, respectively, to achieve three levels of adjustable charging power. Of course, if there are many types of load power, more branches can be set.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, the MCU microprocessor module in this example includes MCU U5 and a third switching transistor connected to the control pin of MCU U5. The number of third switching transistors is the same as the first current-limiting branch, consisting of two transistors: Q9 and Q10, each corresponding to one of the first current-limiting branches. The gate of the third switching transistor Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R38 and pin 7 of MCU U5. The source of the third switching transistor Q9 and the other end of resistor R38 are grounded. The drain of the third switching transistor Q9 is connected to the gate of switching transistor Q10B. In this example, the gate of the third switching transistor Q10 is connected to one end of resistor R39 and pin 6 of MCU U5. The source of the third switching transistor Q10 and the other end of resistor R39 are grounded. The drain of the third switching transistor Q10 is connected to the gate of switching transistor Q10A.

[0038] The control pin of the third switch is connected to the control pin of the MCU, the first power supply pin of the third switch is grounded, and the second power supply pin of the third switch is connected to the control pin of the first switch.

[0039] Preferably, the MCU in this example is further provided with a current acquisition pin 9 and a voltage acquisition pin 8 for acquiring the current and voltage of the first fast charging circuit. The current acquisition pin 9 is connected to the current output pin 8 of the protocol chip U4. In this example, it supports a current of 0.5-6A. The voltage acquisition pin 8 of the MCU is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting resistor RS1 through a voltage sampling unit, and supports the detection of 4-12V voltage output.

[0040] The working principle of this example is as follows:

[0041] When the MCU detects that only the Type-C1 port is charging, it communicates with the charging management chip U1 to change the PDO (Power Direction Optimization) to provide maximum power to the Type-C1 charging port. When the MCU detects that only the Type-C2 charging port is charging, it communicates with the charging management chip U2 to change the PDO to provide maximum power to the Type-C2 charging port. When the MCU detects that both Type-C1 and Type-C2 charging ports are charging, it calculates the power requirements of both ports and allocates appropriate power accordingly. PDO, in the USB PD protocol, refers to the negotiation between the power source (such as a charger) and the device (such as a mobile phone or laptop) to determine the optimal supply voltage and current. The role of PDO is to clarify the capabilities and needs of both parties: the power source informs the device of the voltage / current combinations it can provide; the device informs the power source of the voltage / current combinations it requires.

[0042] When a device is charging at Port A, and the output power needs to be adjusted in real time according to the charging demand, the principle of Port A power adjustment is as follows:

[0043] Since the output power of port A is determined by the circuit's output current and the current-limiting resistor, in this example, the output current can be changed by altering the value of the current-limiting resistor. Therefore, the output power can be changed without altering the port A protocol.

[0044] When port A is to operate at full power, the MCU sets EN_A and EN_B to low level to turn on the switching transistors Q10B and Q10A, thereby realizing the parallel connection of RS1 / RS2 / RS3 to reduce the resistance and maximize the output power.

[0045] When port A is to operate with reduced power, the MCU will set EN_A or EN_B to low level according to communication requirements, so that Q10B or Q10A is turned on, thereby realizing the parallel connection of RS1 with RS2 or RS3 to reduce the resistance and change the output power.

[0046] For example, if the total power input is 100W, and the charging power requirement of USB load 3 on port A in this example is less than 5W, the MCU in this example can communicate with charging management chips U1 and U2 to allocate 95W of power to the two fast charging branches. At this time, the power of port A can be adjusted by controlling the on / off state of the third switch to keep the output power of port A below 5W. When the charging power requirement of USB load 3 on port A is greater than 5W, the MCU can communicate with charging management chips U1 and U2 to allocate power to the two fast charging branches, for example, allocating 45W to the fast charging protocol of port C1 and 30W to the fast charging protocol of port C2. Then, the remaining 25W is allocated to the USB fast charging circuit, and the power of port A can be flexibly adjusted to a suitable level by controlling the on / off state of the third switch.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, this invention not only changes the power of the Type-C port, but also allows the USB charging port to adjust its power according to the needs of the charging device without changing or affecting the USB charging port protocol. The advantage of this is that in a multi-port charging structure, it can truly achieve efficient power distribution, dynamically adjust the output of each port, ensure that high-priority devices (such as laptops) can receive high power first, meet the charging needs of various devices, and improve the user experience.

[0048] The specific embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the specific scope of this utility model. The scope of this utility model includes but is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. All equivalent changes made in accordance with this utility model are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit, characterized in that: The device includes an MCU microprocessor module and one or more first fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The first fast charging circuit includes a step-down module, a current-limiting resistor, a protocol module, and a USB charging port connected in sequence according to the current direction. The output terminal of the protocol module is connected to the USB charging port. The two ends of the current-limiting resistor are also connected in parallel to one or more first current-limiting branches. The first current-limiting branch includes a first resistor and a first switching transistor connected in series. The control pin of the first switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the MCU microprocessor module.

2. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes one or more second fast charging circuits led out from the output terminal of the power input module. The second fast charging circuit includes a fast charging power management module and a Type-C charging port connected to the output terminal of the power management module. The fast charging power management module is connected to an MCU microprocessor module. The MCU microprocessor module can intelligently adjust the output power of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit according to the power requirements of the first fast charging circuit and / or the second fast charging circuit.

3. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The charging power management module includes a charging management chip, which uses the Zhirong SW3516 or SW3518 series chip that can intelligently output different power according to the needs of different devices.

4. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The output terminal of the current-limiting resistor is also provided with a second switching transistor, which is connected in series on the charging line of the first fast charging circuit. The control terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the protocol module.

5. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The protocol module includes a protocol chip U4 and a storage chip U6. The protocol chip U4 is used to provide protocol support for the USB charging port, and the storage chip U6 is used to store protocol-related information.

6. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The step-down module includes a step-down chip U3, which has a first pin and a second pin. The first pin and the second pin are respectively connected to the two ends of the current-limiting resistor to collect the current value across the current-limiting resistor. The first fast charging circuit has a sampling module, and the step-down chip also has a third pin connected to the sampling module.

7. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling module includes resistors R21 and R22, capacitor C39 and resistor R23. Resistors R21 and R22 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with capacitor C39 and resistor R23. The third pin is connected between resistors R21 and R22 and between capacitor C39 and resistor R23.

8. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The MCU microprocessor module includes an MCU and a third switching transistor connected to the control pin of the MCU. The number of the third switching transistors is the same as that of the first current limiting branch, and they are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The control pin of the third switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the MCU. The first power supply pin of the third switching transistor is grounded, and the second power supply pin of the third switching transistor is connected to the control pin of the first switching transistor.

9. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first power supply pin of the third switch is also connected to the control pin of the third switch through a resistor, and the control pin of the first switch is connected to the voltage input terminal of the first resistor through a resistor.

10. The multi-port intelligent power distribution circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The MCU is also provided with a current acquisition pin and a voltage acquisition pin for acquiring the current and voltage of the first fast charging circuit. The current acquisition pin is connected to the current output pin of the protocol module, and the voltage acquisition pin is connected to the output terminal of the current limiting resistor through a voltage sampling unit.

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