Fire circuit in an energy storage system
By designing fire detection, comparison, and fire suppression modules into the energy storage system, the fire hazard of the energy storage system is solved by real-time monitoring and disconnection of the battery connection and injection of flame-retardant materials, achieving rapid response and high-safety prevention and control.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGDONG FULLDE ELECTRONICS
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Energy storage systems pose a serious fire hazard, and existing technologies are insufficient to effectively prevent fires, resulting in economic losses and personal injury.
Design a fire protection circuit that includes a fire detection module, a comparison module, a high-voltage disconnection module, and a fire suppression module. The fire detection module monitors and outputs voltage signals in real time. The comparison module controls the high-voltage disconnection module to cut off the battery connection. The fire suppression module injects flame-retardant material. Combined with smoke and temperature sensors, the detection accuracy is improved. The protection module prevents backflow of current and overvoltage.
It enables rapid response and low-cost fire prevention, reduces the probability of battery thermal diffusion, reduces damage to the entire vehicle, improves safety, and ensures the safe operation of the energy storage system.
Smart Images
Figure CN224523867U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire safety, and in particular to a fire protection circuit in an energy storage system. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, my country has made significant progress in the development of new electrochemical energy storage technologies, and has now basically transitioned from research and demonstration to the early stages of commercialization.
[0003] Fires in energy storage systems are typically very rapid and can cause severe economic losses and even personal injury. Therefore, preventing fires in the power batteries and the entire energy storage system, and ensuring timely protection of personnel and equipment, is a pressing issue for those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this patent provides a fire-fighting circuit in an energy storage system, thereby resolving the safety hazards inherent in existing electrochemical energy storage systems.
[0005] A fire-fighting circuit for an energy storage system is provided, including a fire detection module, a first comparison module, a second comparison module, a high-voltage disconnection module, and a fire-fighting module. The fire detection module outputs a voltage signal based on the fire status of the energy storage system. The inputs of the first and second comparison modules are connected to the output of the fire detection module, and the reference voltage of the first comparison module is lower than that of the second comparison module. The output of the first comparison module is connected to the high-voltage disconnection module, which, via a high-level signal, controls the high-voltage disconnection module to disconnect the power battery of the energy storage system. The output of the second comparison module is connected to the fire-fighting module, which, triggered by a high-level signal from the second comparison module, injects flame-retardant material into the battery pack of the power battery.
[0006] The fire monitoring module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. The outputs of the smoke sensor and the temperature sensor are connected to the two input terminals of an OR gate, and the outputs of the OR gate are respectively connected to the input terminals of the first comparison module and the second comparison module.
[0007] The first comparison module includes a first comparator and a first reference resistor R0; the second comparison module includes a second comparator and a second reference resistor R1; the first input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output of the OR gate, the second input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the power supply module through the first reference resistor R0, the first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output of the OR gate, the second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the power supply module through the second reference resistor R1, and the resistance values of the first reference resistor R0 and the second reference resistor R1 are different.
[0008] The high-voltage disconnection module includes a main positive relay K1, a main negative relay K2, and a driving NPN transistor Q4. The base of the driving NPN transistor Q4 is connected to the output of the first comparator module, the collector is connected to VCC, and the emitter is grounded through the coil of the main negative relay K2. The output of the first comparator module is grounded through the coil of the main positive relay K1. The normally closed contacts of the main positive relay K1 and the main negative relay K2 are connected in series and then in parallel with the power battery.
[0009] It also includes a protection module, which is connected to the fire detection module to prevent backflow of current and overvoltage.
[0010] The protection module includes a P-MOS transistor Q3, a PNP transistor Q1, a Zener diode D1, resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6, and an N-MOS transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin is connected to the gate (G) of the P-MOS transistor Q3 via a resistor, and the drain (D) of the P-MOS transistor Q3 is grounded. The input voltage Vin is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D1 via resistor R3. The anode of the Zener diode D1 is connected to the input voltage Vin via resistors R5 and R6. The cathode of the Zener diode D1 is connected to the base (B) of the PNP transistor Q1 via resistor R4. The emitter (E) of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the input voltage Vin, and the collector (C) is connected to the gate (G) of the N-MOS transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin is connected to the source (S) of the N-MOS transistor Q2, and the drain (D) of the N-MOS transistor Q2 supplies power to the fire detection module.
[0011] Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages:
[0012] This utility model provides a fire protection circuit for a power battery. The circuit is simple, low-cost, requires no software, and has a fast response speed. It can effectively provide real-time feedback on the thermal state of the power battery, reducing the probability of battery heat diffusion. It can promptly prevent the battery pack from burning, greatly reducing the damage to the entire vehicle and providing extremely high safety. It also prevents the heat diffusion of the battery pack, effectively improving the safety factor of the power battery. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 The circuit topology is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0014] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0015] This utility model provides a fire protection circuit for an energy storage system, including a fire detection module, a first comparison module, a second comparison module, a high-voltage disconnection module, and a fire suppression module. The fire detection module outputs a voltage signal based on the fire status of the energy storage system. The inputs of the first and second comparison modules are connected to the output of the fire detection module, and the reference voltage of the first comparison module is lower than that of the second comparison module. The output of the first comparison module is connected to the high-voltage disconnection module, which, via a high-level signal, controls the high-voltage disconnection module to disconnect the power battery of the energy storage system. The output of the second comparison module is connected to the fire suppression module, which, triggered by a high-level signal from the second comparison module, injects flame-retardant material into the battery pack of the power battery.
[0016] First, the fire detection module 1 detects whether a fire has occurred or an abnormal situation has occurred before the fire in the energy storage system. The fire monitoring module 1 converts the smoke data and temperature data into voltage signals, and the voltage magnitude represents the magnitude of the corresponding data.
[0017] Then, the fire detection module 1 sends the fire signal to the first comparison module 2, which compares the fire signal with the reference voltage. When the real-time voltage signal is less than or equal to the first reference voltage, it indicates that the battery pack is in a safe state. At this time, the first comparison module 2 outputs a low-level signal, which will not affect the normal operation of the high-voltage disconnection module 3, and the battery pack operates normally. When the real-time voltage signal is greater than the first reference voltage, it indicates that there is a safety hazard inside the battery pack. At this time, the first comparison module 2 will output a high-level signal to control the high-voltage disconnection module 3 to disconnect the battery pack to ensure battery safety.
[0018] Based on the above implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, this fire protection circuit also includes a second comparison module 6 and a fire protection module 4; the input terminal of the second comparison module 6 is connected to the fire detection module 1, and the output terminal is connected to the fire protection module 4; after receiving a fire signal, the second comparison module 6 sends an activation signal to the fire protection module 4, and after receiving the activation signal, the fire protection module 4 injects flame-retardant material into the battery pack of the power battery to prevent further combustion of the battery pack.
[0019] When the fire signal is a voltage signal, the voltage magnitude represents the severity of the fire. When the voltage signal is greater than the first reference voltage of the first comparison module 2 but less than the second comparison voltage of the second comparison module 6, the first comparison module 2 outputs a high level, which controls the high-voltage disconnection module 3 to cut off the connection to the power battery. The second comparison module 6 outputs a low level, and the fire suppression module 4 does not operate. When the voltage signal is greater than the first reference voltage of the first comparison module 2 and greater than the second comparison voltage of the second comparison module 6, the first comparison module 2 outputs a high level, which controls the high-voltage disconnection module 3 to cut off the connection to the power battery. Simultaneously, the second comparison module 6 outputs a high level, and the fire suppression module 4 is activated. That is, after controlling the high-voltage disconnection, the fire suppression module 4 is controlled to perform fire suppression.
[0020] Regarding the accuracy of fire detection, the fire monitoring module is equipped with a smoke sensor 11 and a temperature sensor 12. The outputs of the two sensors are connected to the two input terminals of an OR gate 13. The output of the OR gate 13 is connected to the input terminals of the first comparison module 2 and the second comparison module 6, respectively, ultimately generating a voltage output signal. When there is valid voltage data from either the smoke sensor or the temperature sensor, the OR gate 13 will output a voltage signal, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of fire detection.
[0021] The first comparison module 2 includes a first comparator 21 and a first reference resistor R0. The first input terminal of the first comparator 21 is connected to the output of OR gate 13, and the second input terminal of the first comparator 21 is connected to the power supply module through the first reference resistor R0. The first input terminal of the second comparator 61 is connected to the output of OR gate 13, and the second input terminal of the second comparator 61 is connected to the power supply module through the second reference resistor R1. The reference voltage of the first comparator 21 is less than the reference voltage of the second comparator 61. The first reference resistor R0 and the second reference resistor R1 have different values, resulting in different reference voltages for the first comparator 21 and the second comparator 61. A smaller reference voltage results in more sensitive fire detection. The values of the first reference resistor R0 and the second reference resistor R1 can be determined based on actual conditions, but are not explicitly limited in this embodiment. Other resistors are not specifically described in this embodiment; they are typically current-limiting resistors to ensure the normal and stable operation of the circuit.
[0022] The high-voltage disconnection module 3 includes a main positive relay K1, a main negative relay K2, and a driving NPN transistor Q4. The base of the driving NPN transistor Q4 is connected to the output of the first comparator module 2, the collector is connected to VCC, and the emitter is grounded through the coil of the main negative relay K2. The output of the first comparator module 2 is grounded through the coil of the main positive relay K1. The normally closed contacts of the main positive relay K1 and the main negative relay K2 are connected in series and then in parallel with the power battery. After receiving a shutdown signal, the main positive relay K1 disconnects. After receiving a shutdown signal, the driving NPN transistor Q4 drives the main negative relay K2 to disconnect, achieving a time-delayed disconnection using transistors.
[0023] The fire protection circuit also includes a protection module, which is connected to the fire detection module to prevent backflow of current and overvoltage. The protection module includes a P-MOS transistor Q3, a PNP transistor Q1, a Zener diode D1, resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6, and an N-MOS transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin is connected to the gate (G) of P-MOS transistor Q3 via a resistor, and the drain (D) of P-MOS transistor Q3 is grounded. The input voltage Vin is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D1 via resistor R3. The anode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the input voltage Vin via resistors R5 and R6. The cathode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the base (B) of PNP transistor Q1 via resistor R4. The emitter (E) of PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the input voltage Vin, and the collector (C) is connected to the gate (G) of N-MOS transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin is connected to the source (S) of N-MOS transistor Q2, and the drain (D) of N-MOS transistor Q2 supplies power to the fire detection module. The N-MOS transistors form the backflow prevention unit, and the others combine to form the overvoltage prevention unit.
[0024] The reverse current protection unit uses an N-MOS transistor to control the negative terminal of the power supply. Initially, Vs = Vg = Vin. Due to the parasitic diode in the N-MOS transistor, the drain and source of the N-MOS transistor are connected, resulting in Vs = Vd + 0.7V, where Vd = GND. This effectively prevents reverse current from flowing back into the circuit, ensuring stable operation.
[0025] The power supply voltage of the overvoltage protection unit's sensor is generally 3.3V or 5V. To ensure a safe and stable working environment for critical sensors, the following descriptions are provided for different scenarios:
[0026] (i) When Vin < 5.1V, when the input voltage is 5V, the Zener diode D1 conducts at 5.1V, so the Zener diode D1 does not conduct. Therefore, the PNP transistor Q1 will not conduct. Then, the gate of the P-MOS transistor will be pulled to 0V by the resistor R3. P-MOS, Vgs = -5V, the P-MOS transistor conducts, and the overvoltage protection unit 52 will output 5V normally to supply power to the subsequent stage.
[0027] (2) When 5.1V < Vin < 5.7V, the power supply provides a voltage of about 5.3V at this time. The conduction voltage of the zener diode D1 is 5.1V, so it conducts. The voltage at the e - pole of the PNP transistor Q1 is 5.3V, the voltage at the b - pole is 5.1V, and Vbe = - 0.2V. Therefore, the PNP transistor Q1 will not conduct. Then, the gate of the P - MOS transistor will be pulled to 0V by the resistor R3. For the P - MOS, Vgs = - 5V, and the P - MOS transistor conducts. Vout is normally output at about 5.3V to supply power to the subsequent stage normally.
[0028] (3) When Vin > 5.7V, the input is 5.9V at this time. The turn - on voltage of the zener diode D1 is 5.1V, so it conducts. The voltage drop across the resistor R1 is 5.9 - 5.1 = 0.8V. The voltage at the e - pole of the PNP transistor Q1 is 5.9V, the voltage at the b - pole is 5.3V, and Vbe = 0.6V. The PNP transistor Q1 is turned on. After the PNP transistor Q1 is turned on, the gate voltage of the P - MOS becomes 5.9V, and Vgs = 0V. Therefore, the P - MOS transistor does not conduct and there will be no output to protect the subsequent - stage circuit.
[0029] Through analysis, it can be seen that when the voltage is greater than 5.7V, the over - voltage protection unit can cut off the voltage input in time, so as to achieve circuit protection and effectively improve the safety of the fire - fighting circuit.
[0030] This patent does not rely on communication transmission. Different safety modules can be started according to the high or low level output by the detection module, so as to determine whether to start the high - voltage module and the fire - fighting module according to the severity of the fire. While ensuring the elimination of fire hazards, it also ensures the working efficiency of the energy - storage system.
[0031] While the circuit protects the energy - storage system, adding a protection module to the circuit can effectively ensure that there is no current reverse - injection and ensure the effective operation of the fire - fighting circuit.
[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fire protection circuit in an energy storage system, characterized in that: It includes a fire detection module, a first comparison module, a second comparison module, a high-voltage disconnection module, and a fire protection module; The fire detection module is used to output voltage signals based on the fire status of the energy storage system; The inputs of the first comparison module and the second comparison module are connected to the output of the fire detection module. The reference voltage of the first comparison module is lower than that of the second comparison module. The output of the first comparison module is connected to the high voltage disconnection module, and the high voltage disconnection module is controlled by the high level to disconnect the power battery of the energy storage system. The output of the second comparison module is connected to the fire protection module. The fire protection module is triggered by the high level output of the second comparison module to inject flame-retardant material into the battery pack of the power battery.
2. The fire protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire monitoring module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. The outputs of the smoke sensor and the temperature sensor are connected to the two input terminals of an OR gate, and the outputs of the OR gate are respectively connected to the input terminals of the first comparison module and the second comparison module.
3. The fire protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first comparison module includes a first comparator and a first reference resistor R0; the second comparison module includes a second comparator and a second reference resistor R1. The first input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output of the OR gate. The second input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the power supply module through the first reference resistor R0. The first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output of the OR gate. The second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the power supply module through the second reference resistor R1. The resistance values of the first reference resistor R0 and the second reference resistor R1 are different.
4. The fire protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage disconnection module includes a main positive relay K1, a main negative relay K2, and a driving NPN transistor Q4; The base of the driving NPN transistor Q4 is connected to the output of the first comparator module, the collector is connected to VCC, and the emitter is grounded through the coil of the main negative relay K2. The output of the first comparator module is grounded through the coil of the main positive relay K1. The normally closed contacts of the main positive relay K1 and the main negative relay K2 are connected in series and then in parallel with the power battery.
5. The fire protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protection module, which is connected to the fire detection module to prevent backflow of current and overvoltage.
6. The fire protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protection module includes P-MOS transistor Q3, PNP transistor Q1, Zener diode D1, resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6, and N-MOS transistor Q2; The input voltage Vin is connected to the gate (G) of P-MOS transistor Q3 via a resistor, and the drain (D) of P-MOS transistor Q3 is grounded. The input voltage Vin is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D1 via resistor R3. The anode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the input voltage Vin via resistors R5 and R6. The cathode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the base of PNP transistor Q1 via resistor R4. The emitter of PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the input voltage Vin, and the collector is connected to the gate of N-MOS transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin is connected to the source (S) terminal of N-MOS transistor Q2, and the drain (D) terminal of N-MOS transistor Q2 supplies power to the fire detection module.