A cutting forming device for tenon-mortise structure of table and chair

Abstract

The utility model discloses a desk and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting forming device belongs to furniture mortise and tenon processing machinery technical field. The device aims at solving the technical problem that traditional equipment is difficult to efficiently, accurately complete mortise and tenon structure cutting, end face flatness and chamfer processing of workpiece end portion such as desk and chair leg once. The device is by left / right clamping platform of relatively movable constitutes clamping mechanism, forms clamping channel to fix workpiece and makes the end to be processed to stretch out, cutting mechanism contains coaxial setting and the first cutting blade of different diameter, second cutting blade and third cutting blade, wherein a plurality of first cutting blade and second cutting blade can detachable superposition and form the mortise and tenon structure cutting blade group close to the clamping groove, and the third cutting blade of greater diameter is located the outside for cutting the end face of workpiece end. The device is mainly used for the mortise and tenon structure high -efficient, high -precision integrated cutting forming of furniture cylindrical component end such as desk and chair.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of table and chair production equipment technology, and in particular to a table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacture of solid wood furniture such as tables and chairs, the machining precision of mortise and tenon joints directly affects the connection strength and assembly efficiency of components. Traditional mortise and tenon machining methods have the following problems: First, the forming of tenons or mortises at the ends of cylindrical workpieces (such as table and chair legs) requires multiple steps. Since mortise and tenon structures typically involve alternating protrusions and grooves, traditional equipment often requires first using a combination milling cutter to cut the mortise and tenon contour, and then switching to a face cutter for end flattening, affecting efficiency and machining accuracy. This is because a single tool cannot simultaneously handle both irregular contour cutting and end-face flattening, while developing composite tools is limited by motion interference issues related to different cutting functions.

[0003] Secondly, poor chip removal during mortise and tenon cutting leads to machining quality defects. When multiple blades are stacked to machine mortises, the machining depth often reaches 10-60mm, and wood fiber chips easily accumulate in the blade gaps and workpiece grooves. Chip retention increases the tool's rotational resistance, potentially inducing cutting vibration and causing chatter marks on the mortise and tenon sidewalls. Furthermore, frictional heating raises the blade edge temperature, accelerating tool wear and causing carbonization of the wood surface. This problem is particularly pronounced when machining harderwood boards, as hardwood chips are highly resilient and have poor flowability, and existing equipment lacks an effective chip removal path design.

[0004] Furthermore, achieving a smooth chamfer and flatness at the workpiece end requires step-by-step machining. To ensure smooth mortise and tenon assembly, the workpiece end face edge typically needs a 45° chamfer. Traditional machining requires milling the end face first, then replacing the chamfering tool or manually grinding to achieve the chamfer. This not only increases auxiliary time but also causes axial positional deviations between the chamfer and the end face due to secondary clamping, resulting in inconsistent chamfer depths. This is because conventional end-face cutting tools can only perform planar cutting.

[0005] The aforementioned problems lead to the fragmentation of mortise and tenon processing steps, reducing equipment utilization. Difficult chip removal limits high-speed cutting and affects processing efficiency. Furthermore, the reduction in processing accuracy requires manual adjustments by the factory, thus becoming a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0006] Traditional mortise and tenon processing equipment requires step-by-step cutting of the mortise and tenon contour and flattening of the end face, which leads to repeated clamping and positioning of the workpiece or switching of work stations, resulting in processing errors and affecting processing efficiency. In addition, a single tool cannot simultaneously perform the functions of cutting irregular contours and flattening the end face.

[0007] This utility model provides a cutting and forming device for mortise and tenon structures of tables and chairs, including a clamping mechanism, a cutting mechanism, and a threaded sleeve. The clamping mechanism consists of a left clamping platform and a right clamping platform that can move left and right relative to each other, forming a clamping groove between them to clamp the workpiece. When the workpiece is clamped, the end to be processed extends out of the clamping groove. The cutting mechanism includes a first cutting blade, a second cutting blade, and a third cutting blade arranged coaxially. The diameter of the first cutting blade is larger than that of the second cutting blade. Several first cutting blades and second cutting blades are detachably coaxially stacked to form a mortise and tenon structure cutting blade group. The mortise and tenon structure cutting blade group is located on the side close to the clamping groove, and the third cutting blade is located on the side away from the clamping groove and has a diameter larger than that of the first cutting blade, used to cut the end face of the protruding end of the workpiece flat. One end of the threaded sleeve is connected to the rotating shaft of the driver, and its outer surface is provided with a threaded structure. The mortise and tenon structure cutting blade group and the third cutting blade are sequentially coaxially sleeved on the outside of the threaded sleeve and pressed and fixed by a locking nut.

[0008] Preferably, the tenon and mortise structure cutting blade assembly of this utility model includes N alternatingly stacked first cutting blades and M second cutting blades, the total length L of which satisfies: L=K1×T1+K2×T2, where K1 and K2 are the number of first cutting blades and second cutting blades respectively, K1 and K2≥1, T1 is the thickness of the first cutting blade, ranging from 2-5mm, and T2 is the thickness of the second cutting blade, ranging from 1-10mm.

[0009] The chamfering of workpiece end faces requires a separate process, and secondary clamping leads to axial positional deviations between the chamfer and the end face, resulting in inconsistent chamfer depths. Traditional end-face cutting tools lack integrated chamfering edges, causing chip buildup in the tool's central area and exacerbating temperature rise. Preferably, this invention features a third cutting insert with a coaxially arranged annular boss on its side facing the workpiece's protruding end face. The outer edge of the boss forms an inclined chamfering cutting edge. When the third cutting insert cuts the workpiece end face, the chamfering cutting edge simultaneously chamfers the corners of the protruding end of the workpiece.

[0010] When machining wooden workpieces, integral end-face cutters often result in wood chips adhering tightly to the cutter face, hindering the cutting process. Wedge-shaped chips, especially those generated at the chamfering edge, tend to get stuck in the center of the cutter. This chip retention increases cutting resistance, causing chatter marks on the workpiece surface, and accelerates tool wear due to temperature rise. Existing chip removal designs rely solely on centrifugal force, which is inefficient for removing chips from high-toughness hardwoods. Preferably, in this invention, the annular boss has several fan-shaped cutting inserts evenly distributed circumferentially at its axial center. Each fan-shaped cutting insert extends radially outward from the annular boss to the outer edge of a third cutting insert. Wedge-shaped notches are formed between adjacent fan-shaped cutting inserts, penetrating the thickness direction of the third cutting insert to constitute a chip removal opening. The outer edges of each fan-shaped cutting insert form continuous end-face cutting edges.

[0011] The clamping channel, which is in direct contact with the workpiece, is prone to pressing indentations into the surface. Preferably, the clamping channel of this invention has replaceable pads symmetrically embedded on the two side walls, and the pads are fixed to the clamping table by screws; the clamping surface of the replaceable pads is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0012] If the top of the workpiece is fixed only by lateral clamping force, cutting vibration causes the workpiece to twist slightly around the axis, deforming the tenon and mortise contour. Traditional pressure bar positions are fixed, which cannot adapt to workpieces of different heights, and rigid contact can easily damage the workpiece surface. Preferably, at least one clamping table of this utility model is provided with a pressure mechanism on its top, including: a vertical adjusting column, vertically fixed to the edge of the clamping table; a clamp, sleeved on the outside of the vertical adjusting column, with the inner wall of the clamp and the adjusting column in clearance fit, and a first locking bolt on the side wall of the clamp for fixing the height position; a universal adjusting assembly, including a ball joint seat fixed to the outer wall of the clamp, with a ball head embedded in the ball joint seat; the ball head is fixed at an angle by a radially arranged second locking bolt; a telescopic mechanism, the upper end of which is fixed to the lower end face of the ball head; and a pressure head, connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the telescopic mechanism, the bottom surface of which is preferably provided with an anti-slip part, and the vertical projection of the pressure head is within the width range of the clamping groove.

[0013] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By coaxially integrating the tenon and mortise insert assembly and the end-face cutter, the tenon and mortise contour cutting and end-face flattening are achieved in a single process, eliminating the cumulative positioning errors of step-by-step processes. Compared with the traditional flange structure, the assembly method of threaded sleeve with locking nut significantly shortens the tool assembly change time and improves production line efficiency.

[0014] 2. The annular boss chamfering cutting edge enables simultaneous end-face flattening and chamfering, completely avoiding axial position deviations caused by secondary clamping, and ensuring high consistency in chamfering depth. The chamfering edge and end-face tool are integrated into a single design, with the boss structure enhancing the strength of the cutting root and mitigating the risk of chipping. Chips generated during chamfering are guided away along the beveled surface of the boss, reducing chip accumulation in the central area. The radial layout of the fan-shaped cutting inserts allows wood chips to be efficiently discharged along the wedge-shaped notch under centrifugal force, improving chip removal efficiency, especially in hardwood machining, and reducing cutting resistance and its fluctuations.

[0015] 3. Replaceable pads allow for quick adaptation to workpieces of different diameters via screws. The anti-slip texture provides uniform clamping force, reducing indentations on the workpiece surface. Only a portion of the pad needs replacement after wear, resulting in low maintenance costs. The anti-slip texture increases friction with the workpiece, suppressing movement caused by cutting vibrations and ensuring consistent tenon and mortise depth. The universal adjustable pressure head adapts to the curved surface of the workpiece top, and the anti-slip section provides flexible clamping force, suppressing torsional vibrations. Adjustable clamp height and ball joint angle accommodate workpieces of different sizes, ensuring the clamping point is always perpendicularly projected into the clamping groove, avoiding additional bending moments.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front structural schematic diagram of the table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left side structure of the table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism and the workpiece's cutting fit structure. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first, second, and third cutting blades; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the disassembly and assembly structure of the first, second, and third cutting blades and the threaded sleeve; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism of this utility model.

[0018] The components include: clamping mechanism 1, cutting mechanism 2, left clamping table 10, right clamping table 12, clamping channel 13, pad block 131, cutting mechanism body 14, cutting mechanism base 15, base linear guide rail 16, drive plate 17, body linear guide rail 18, body linear drive mechanism 19, left lifting unit 100, right lifting unit 110, left lifting unit linear drive mechanism 101, right lifting unit linear drive mechanism 111, clamping mechanism housing 20, driver 21, driver shaft 22, third cutting blade 23, first cutting blade 24, second cutting blade 25, threaded sleeve 26, and threaded sleeve. Surface thread, washer 27, locking nut 28, keyway 220, key 261, boss 230, outer edge of boss 231, chamfered cutting edge 232, center hole of third cutting insert 233, sub-insert 234, notch 235, end face cutting edge 236, center hole of first cutting insert 241, center hole of second cutting insert 251, workpiece 30, tenon groove 301, tenon boss 302, pressing mechanism 40, vertical adjusting column 401, clamp 402, first locking bolt 403, universal adjusting assembly 404, second locking bolt 405, telescopic mechanism 406, pressure head 407. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0020] As shown in Figures 1-6, the present invention provides a cutting and forming device for mortise and tenon structures of tables and chairs, including a clamping mechanism 1, a cutting mechanism 2, and a threaded sleeve. The clamping mechanism 1 consists of a left clamping platform 10 and a right clamping platform 12 that can move left and right relative to each other, forming a clamping channel 13 between them to clamp the workpiece. One end of the clamping channel 13 has a processing space, and when the workpiece is clamped, the end to be processed extends out of the processing space outside the clamping channel 13. The cutting mechanism 2 includes a first cutting blade 24, a second cutting blade 25, and a third cutting blade 23 arranged coaxially. The diameter of the first cutting blade 24 is larger than that of the second cutting blade 25. A cutting blade 25, consisting of several first cutting blades 24 and second cutting blades 25 detachably coaxially stacked to form a tenon-and-mortise structure cutting blade assembly, is located on the side near the clamping groove 13. A third cutting blade 23 is located on the side away from the clamping groove 13 and has a larger diameter than the first cutting blades 24, used to cut the end face of the protruding end of the workpiece flat. A threaded sleeve is provided, with one end connected to the drive shaft, and its outer surface has a threaded structure. The third cutting blade 23 and the tenon-and-mortise structure cutting blade assembly are sequentially and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the threaded sleeve and tightened by a lock nut. Preferably, a washer 27 can be inserted first as a base, and then the blades and nut can be inserted and locked. Preferably, a keyhole is provided on the side wall of the threaded sleeve, and a keyway is provided on the drive shaft. The threaded sleeve and the shaft are connected, and a key 261 is inserted through the keyhole to engage with the keyway 220 of the shaft.

[0021] The width of the clamping groove 13 is adjustable from 50 to 150 mm. When clamping the workpiece, the length of its end extending out of the clamping groove 13 is set to the tenon depth + 5 mm. The tenon depth is usually 10-60 mm, so the extension is preferably 15-65 mm. During operation, the left and right clamping tables are driven to move synchronously towards each other to the preset distance; the workpiece is placed into the clamping groove 13, and pressure is applied by closing the clamping tables. The pressure range can be selected from 500-2000 N, for example, 1000 N, to axially position the workpiece and ensure that the extension of the end to be processed meets the set value.

[0022] The diameter of the first cutting insert 24 can be selected from 80-120mm, such as 100mm, and the diameter of the second cutting insert 25 can be selected from 60-90mm, such as 70mm. The thicknesses of both are limited to T1=2-5mm, such as 3mm, and T2=1-20mm, such as 3mm, respectively. In the illustration, the tenon and mortise insert assembly consists of two first cutting inserts 24 and three second cutting inserts 25, stacked alternately, with a total length L=2×3+3×3=15mm. The tenon and mortise insert assembly is installed near the clamping groove 13; the third cutting insert 23 is installed on the outside of the tenon and mortise insert assembly, away from the clamping groove 13. During operation, the driver drives the insert assembly to rotate at high speed, 2000-4000rpm. The workpiece is fed into the insert assembly; the first cutting insert 24 cuts the tenon and mortise groove, the second cutting insert 25 cuts the tenon and mortise boss, and the third cutting insert 23 simultaneously cuts the workpiece end face.

[0023] The threaded sleeve has an outer diameter of 40-60mm (e.g., 50mm) and a length of 100-150mm (e.g., 120mm), with threads machined on its surface. The center hole diameter of the tenon and mortise insert assembly and the third cutting insert 23 is clearance-fitted with the threaded sleeve. The lock nut can be a standard nut from GB / T6170. During assembly, the threaded sleeve is fitted onto the driver shaft and fixed, the third cutting insert 23 is fitted onto the tenon and mortise insert assembly, the lock nut is screwed in, and torque is applied to tighten it.

[0024] In the illustration, the cutting mechanism 2 has a clamping mechanism housing 20, and the driver is a motor, which is located inside the clamping mechanism housing 20. The driver shaft 22 extends out of the side of the clamping mechanism housing 20 and faces the cutting mechanism 2.

[0025] This implementation method allows for simultaneous mortise and tenon cutting and end face flattening, eliminating secondary clamping errors; modular insert sets enable rapid adjustment of mortise and tenon dimensions; and threaded sleeve assembly ensures coaxial accuracy of the insert set and improves cutting stability.

[0026] In another embodiment, the tenon and mortise structure cutting blade assembly comprises N alternatingly stacked first cutting blades 24 and M second cutting blades 25, with a total length L satisfying: L = K1 × T1 + K2 × T2, where K1 and K2 are the number of first and second cutting blades, respectively, K1 and K2 ≥ 1, T1 is the thickness of the first cutting blade (range 2-5 mm), and T2 is the thickness of the second cutting blade (range 1-10 mm). When the first cutting blades 24 and second cutting blades 25 are alternately stacked, the quantitative relationship between N and M satisfies |NM| ≤ 1. For example, when machining a tenon with a depth of 15 mm, N = 2 and M = 3. The diameter of the blade center hole is clearance-fitted with the threaded sleeve, with a single-sided clearance of 0.02-0.05 mm. In one assembly example, the second cutting blade 25, the first cutting blade 24, the second cutting blade 25, the first cutting blade 24, and the second cutting blade 25 are alternately inserted in sequence, and finally tightened with a lock nut.

[0027] In another embodiment, a ring-shaped boss 230 is coaxially disposed on the side of the third cutting insert 23 facing the end face of the workpiece. The outer edge 231 of the boss forms an inclined chamfered cutting edge 232. When the third cutting insert 23 cuts the end face of the workpiece, the chamfered cutting edge 232 simultaneously cuts the corner of the end face of the workpiece into a chamfered structure. The height H of the ring-shaped boss 230 is 3-8mm, such as 5mm, and the outer diameter D1 is 40%-60%, such as 50%, of the diameter of the third cutting insert 23. Taking a 140mm diameter insert as an example, the outer diameter of the boss 230 can be selected as 70mm. The boss 230 is integrally formed with the insert base, and the material can be cemented carbide. The inner diameter of the center hole of the boss 230 is clearance-fitted with the threaded sleeve, and the boss 230 faces the workpiece side during assembly. The inclination angle α of the chamfered cutting edge 232 is 30°-60°, such as 45°, and the clearance angle β is 8°-12°, such as 10°. The cutting edge width is 0.1-0.3mm, such as 0.2mm. The chamfer depth C is related to the height H of the boss 230°, satisfying C=H×tanα. When H=5mm and α=45°, C=5mm.

[0028] Traditional face cutters lack the boss 230 structure and do not utilize the boss 230 structure to set the chamfering cutting edge 232. This embodiment completes the face and chamfering simultaneously in a single feed, eliminating axial position deviations caused by secondary clamping; the boss 230 base ensures the rigidity of the chamfering cutting edge, preventing chipping in hardwood machining; the chamfering dimension is directly controlled by the tool geometry parameters, improving batch machining consistency.

[0029] In another embodiment, a plurality of fan-shaped cutting sub-blades 234 are evenly distributed circumferentially at the axial center of the annular boss 230. Each fan-shaped cutting sub-blade 234 extends radially outward from the annular boss 230 to the outer edge of the third cutting blade 23. A wedge-shaped notch 235 is formed between adjacent fan-shaped cutting sub-blades 234. The wedge-shaped notch 235 penetrates the thickness direction of the third cutting blade 23, forming a chip removal port. The outer edge of each fan-shaped cutting sub-blade 234 forms a continuous end face cutting edge 236.

[0030] The annular boss 230 has 3-10 fan-shaped cutting inserts 234 evenly distributed circumferentially at its axial center, such as 3 or 6. Each insert 234 extends radially outward from the annular boss 230 to the outer edge of the third cutting insert 23, with a radial length ranging from 60% to 90% of the radius of the third cutting insert 23 (selected according to the actual diameter or thickness of the workpiece). The opening angle θ of the wedge-shaped notch 235 formed between adjacent fan-shaped cutting inserts 234 is 15°-60°, such as 20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, etc.; the notch width W increases radially from the inside to the outside, with an inner width of 1-3 mm and an outer width of 5-10 mm. The wedge-shaped notch 235 extends through the entire thickness direction of the third cutting insert 23 (thickness range 10-25 mm), forming a chip removal channel. The end face cutting edge 236 of the fan-shaped cutting insert 234 is continuous and straight, and the back angle of the cutting edge is set to 8°-12°.

[0031] The root of the fan-shaped cutting insert 234 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular boss 230. During assembly, the threaded sleeve is inserted into the center hole of the third cutting insert 23, so that the annular boss 230 faces the end face of the workpiece 30. After the tenon and mortise structure cutting insert assembly is inserted, it is tightened and fixed by the lock nut. During operation, the driver drives the third cutting insert 23 to rotate at 2000-4000 rpm, and the workpiece 30 is fed along the path set by the system. The end face cutting edge 236 cuts the end face of the workpiece, and the chamfering cutting edge 232 simultaneously processes the chamfer. The generated wood chips move outward along the radial direction of the fan-shaped cutting insert 234 under the action of centrifugal force and are radially discharged through the wedge-shaped notch 235 to avoid the chips from being stuck in the center area of ​​the tool. Traditional integral end face cutters lack chip removal channels, and wood chips tend to accumulate in the center of the tool face, resulting in increased cutting resistance and easy formation of chatter marks on the workpiece surface. This embodiment utilizes the combination of radial fan-shaped sub-inserts 234 and wedge-shaped notches 235 to provide a directional discharge path for chips, making it particularly suitable for machining high-toughness materials such as hardwood. Unlike conventional tools that rely solely on centrifugal chip removal, the gradually expanding design of the wedge-shaped notches 235 guides the chips to detach in layers, preventing wedge-shaped chips from getting stuck and ensuring the stability of chamfering and end-face machining.

[0032] In another embodiment, replaceable pads 131 are symmetrically embedded on the two side walls of the clamping channel 13, and the pads 131 are fixed to the clamping table by screws; the clamping surface of the replaceable pads 131 is provided with anti-slip texture. Rectangular grooves are symmetrically formed on the two side walls of the clamping channel 13, with a groove depth of 5-10mm, such as 8mm. The replaceable pads 131 are inserted into these grooves by interference fit. The thickness of the pads 131 matches the groove depth, and the material can be hardwood, nylon, or polyurethane. The clamping surface of the pads 131 is machined with anti-slip texture, the texture being a diamond grid or parallel grooves, with a texture depth of 0.5-1.2mm and a texture spacing of 2-5mm. The pads 131 are fastened to the side walls of the clamping table by at least two countersunk screws.

[0033] In another embodiment, an existing workpiece feeding platform can be used for workpiece feeding. This utility model also provides an optional feeding platform structure, which includes left and right lifting units (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110), which are vertically supported below the left and right clamping platforms (left clamping platform 10 and right clamping platform 12) respectively, for driving the height adjustment and feeding of the clamping platforms (left clamping platform 10 and right clamping platform 12). The clamping mechanism 1 has a linear guide rail 18 on the side of the body 14. The sides of the left and right lifting units (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) slide in cooperation with the linear guide rail 18, so that the left and right lifting units (100 and 110) can move laterally. The machine body 14 is provided with a left lifting unit linear drive mechanism 101 and a right lifting unit linear drive mechanism 111, which drive the left and right lifting units (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) to move independently laterally, so that the left and right lifting units (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) can perform opposite movements to realize the opening and closing of the clamping table (left clamping table 10 and right clamping table 12), or perform same-direction movements to realize the synchronous lateral feeding of the workpiece; The bottom of the machine body 14 is fixedly connected to a drive plate 17, and the base 15 of the cutting mechanism is located below the drive plate 17. The drive plate 17 and the base 15 are slidably engaged by a linear guide rail 16 of the base, and a linear drive mechanism 19 of the machine body is provided to drive the machine body 14 to move relative to the base 15 along the workpiece axis to realize axial feed.

[0034] Specifically, the left and right lifting units (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) use hydraulic cylinders or electric push rods to achieve vertical movement, with a stroke range that can be set to 200-500mm, preferably 300mm. The piston rod top of the lifting unit (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) is fixed to the bottom of the clamping table (left clamping table 10 and right clamping table 12) by bolts through a flange, and the bottom or side of the cylinder body is welded to the transverse slider. During assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the axis of the lifting unit (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) is perpendicular to the working surface of the clamping table (left clamping table 10 and right clamping table 12). During operation, the lifting unit (left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110) receives control signals to drive the clamping tables (10 and 12) to rise and fall, and also undertakes height adjustment and feed functions.

[0035] The linear guide rails 18 fixed on both sides of the machine body 14 can be ball-type linear guide rails, with the guide rail length matching the maximum opening and closing distance of the clamping tables (10, 12), such as 800-1200mm. The sides of the left lifting unit 100 and right lifting unit 110 are fitted with sliders that slide against the guide rails 18 via bolts. The linear drive mechanism 101 of the left lifting unit and the linear drive mechanism 111 of the right lifting unit can be servo motors coupled with ball screws, with the screw lead set to 5mm, 10mm, or 20mm. The drive mechanism is connected to the screw via a coupling, and the screw nut is fixed to the bottom or side of the lifting unit (left lifting unit 100, right lifting unit 110). During operation, the two drive mechanisms are independently controlled: when moving in opposite directions, the left and right clamping tables complete the opening and closing action; when moving in the same direction, the workpiece is synchronously fed laterally.

[0036] The bottom of the machine body 14 is bolted to the drive plate 17, which is 20-30mm thick. The cutting mechanism base 15 is located directly below the drive plate 17, and the two are slidably connected by two sets of base linear guides 16. The guides can be heavy-duty roller guides. The linear drive mechanism 19 of the machine body can be an AC servo motor with a precision ball screw, preferably with a lead of 5mm. The screw nut is fixed to the bottom surface of the drive plate 17, and the screw support is mounted on the base 15. During operation, the drive mechanism 19 pushes the drive plate 17 and the entire machine body 14, as well as the left and right clamping tables and workpieces on the machine body 14, to move axially.

[0037] This embodiment achieves three degrees of freedom motion: precise lifting and feeding of the clamping tables (left clamping table 10 and right clamping table 12) in the height direction; independent left and right control of lateral opening and closing / synchronous feeding; and overall axial feeding of the machine body 14. It can stably meet the accuracy and efficiency requirements of multi-directional workpiece feeding.

[0038] In another embodiment, at least one clamping platform is provided with a pressing mechanism 40 on its top, including: a vertical adjusting column 401, which is vertically fixed to the edge of the clamping platform; a clamp 402, which is sleeved on the outside of the vertical adjusting column 401, with the inner wall of the clamp 402 in clearance fit with the adjusting column, and a first locking bolt 403 on the side wall of the clamp 402 for fixing the height position; a universal adjusting assembly 404, including a ball joint seat fixed to the outer wall of the clamp 402, with a ball head embedded in the ball joint seat; the ball head is fixed at an angle by a radially arranged second locking bolt 405; a telescopic mechanism 406, the upper end of which is fixed to the lower end face of the ball head; and a pressing head 407, which is connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the telescopic mechanism 406, with an anti-slip part on its bottom surface, and the vertical projection of the pressing head 407 is located within the width range of the clamping channel 13.

[0039] Specifically, the vertical adjustment column 401 is vertically welded to the edge of the clamping platform (either the left or right clamping platform), with a column diameter of 20-30mm and a height of 100-200mm. The inner diameter of the clamp 402 is 0.1-0.3mm larger than the diameter of the adjustment column, and a threaded hole is opened on the side wall of the clamp 402 to install the first locking bolt 403. The ball joint seat is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the clamp 402, with a ball head diameter of 15-25mm, and the spherical fit clearance of the ball head into the ball joint seat is ≤0.05mm; the second locking bolt 405 is radially screwed into the ball joint seat to press the ball head. The telescopic mechanism 406 can be a spring plunger or a miniature cylinder with a stroke of 30-50mm, and its upper end is connected to the lower end face of the ball head by a thread. The pressure head 407 has a diameter of 40-60mm, and its bottom surface is bonded with a 3-5mm thick rubber layer as an anti-slip part.

[0040] Before clamping the workpiece, loosen the first locking bolt 403 and slide the clamp 402 up and down to the preset height, such as 10-20mm below the top of the workpiece. Then, tighten the locking bolt to fix the clamp 402. Loosen the second locking bolt 405 and manually swing the ball head to make the bottom surface of the pressure head 407 parallel to the top curved surface of the workpiece. Then, tighten the bolt to fix the angle. Activate the telescopic mechanism 406, whose spring or cylinder pushes the pressure head 407 down to contact the top of the workpiece, applying vertical pressure. The vertical projection center of the pressure head 407 must fall within the width of the clamping groove 13. The rubber layer of the anti-slip part provides flexible clamping force to suppress torsional vibration of the workpiece.

[0041] Traditional rigid pressure bars cannot accommodate the curved surfaces of workpieces, such as the rounded legs of tables and chairs, leading to localized stress concentration. This implementation uses a ball joint to achieve universal angle adjustment of the pressure head 407, ensuring the anti-slip part contacts the curved surface of the workpiece. A spring plunger or miniature cylinder buffer design prevents overpressure damage to the workpiece. Unlike fixed-height pressure bars, the clamp 402 has an adjustable height to cover workpieces of different sizes, and the clamping point is always located directly above the clamping groove 13, eliminating additional bending moment. The rubber anti-slip part increases friction, effectively suppressing circumferential movement of the workpiece caused by cutting torque.

[0042] Although the embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. Other modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A cutting and forming device for mortise and tenon structures of tables and chairs, characterized in that, Includes clamping mechanism, cutting mechanism and threaded sleeve; The clamping mechanism consists of a left clamping platform and a right clamping platform that can move relative to each other, forming a clamping channel between them to clamp the workpiece. When the workpiece is clamped, the end to be processed extends out of the clamping channel. The cutting mechanism includes a first cutting blade, a second cutting blade, and a third cutting blade arranged coaxially. The diameter of the first cutting blade is larger than that of the second cutting blade. Several first cutting blades and second cutting blades are detachably coaxially stacked to form a tenon-and-mortise structure cutting blade group. The tenon-and-mortise structure cutting blade group is located on the side close to the clamping groove. The third cutting blade is located on the side away from the clamping groove and has a diameter larger than that of the first cutting blade. It is used to cut the end face of the protruding end of the workpiece flat. One end of the threaded sleeve is connected to the drive shaft, and its outer surface is provided with a threaded structure; the tenon and mortise structure cutting blade assembly and the third cutting blade are coaxially sleeved on the outside of the threaded sleeve and pressed and fixed by a lock nut.

2. The table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tenon and mortise structure cutting blade set includes N alternatingly stacked first cutting blades and M second cutting blades, and its total length L satisfies: L=K1×T1+ K2×T2, where K1 and K2 are the number of first cutting blades and second cutting blades, respectively, K1 and K2≥1, T1 is the thickness of the first cutting blade, ranging from 2-5mm, and T2 is the thickness of the second cutting blade, ranging from 1-10mm.

3. The table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A ring-shaped boss is coaxially provided on the side of the third cutting insert facing the end face of the workpiece. The outer edge of the boss forms an inclined chamfered cutting edge. When the third cutting insert cuts the end face of the workpiece, the chamfered cutting edge simultaneously cuts the corner of the end face of the workpiece into a chamfered structure.

4. The table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular boss has several fan-shaped cutting sub-inserts evenly distributed around its axial center. Each fan-shaped cutting sub-insert extends radially outward from the annular boss to the outer edge of the third cutting insert. A wedge-shaped notch is formed between adjacent fan-shaped cutting inserts. The wedge-shaped notch extends through the thickness direction of the third cutting insert, forming a chip removal port. The outer edges of each fan-shaped cutting insert form a continuous end-face cutting edge.

5. The table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Replaceable pads are symmetrically embedded on the two side walls of the clamping channel, and the pads are fixed to the clamping table by screws.

6. The table and chair mortise and tenon structure cutting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one clamping platform is provided with a pressing mechanism on its top, including: The vertical adjustment column is fixed vertically to the edge of the clamping platform; The clamp is fitted onto the outside of the vertical adjusting column. The inner wall of the clamp is fitted with the adjusting column with a clearance. The side wall of the clamp is provided with a first locking bolt for fixing the height position. The universal adjustment assembly includes a ball joint seat fixed to the outer wall of the clamp, and a ball head embedded in the ball joint seat; the ball head is fixed at an angle by a radially arranged second locking bolt. The telescopic mechanism is fixed at its upper end to the lower end face of the ball head; The pressure head is connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the telescopic mechanism, and the vertical projection of the pressure head is located within the width of the clamping channel.

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