Gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing
By using a multi-layered alternating design of gradient hardness laminated seismic isolation bearings, the problems of narrow hardness adjustment range of traditional rubber bearings and low damping efficiency of polyurethane bearings are solved, achieving high-efficiency seismic isolation and long service life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG EXPRESSWAY GRP CO LTD INNOVATION RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional rubber laminate bearings have a narrow range of hardness adjustment, making it difficult to meet diverse needs. Furthermore, the lack of interlayer gradient design in polyurethane bearings results in insufficient damping efficiency, and the rubber material is prone to aging, leading to a short service life.
The gradient hardness layered seismic isolation bearing adopts a multi-level energy dissipation structure through the alternating combination of outer, middle and inner polyurethane elastic elements and steel plates. It also utilizes the aging resistance of polyurethane material to adapt to the mechanical requirements of different engineering scenarios.
It achieves multi-stage energy dissipation, improves vibration isolation efficiency, adapts to different hardness requirements, extends service life, and has UV resistance and ozone resistance.
Smart Images
Figure CN224549354U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model specifically relates to a gradient hardness type laminated seismic isolation bearing, belonging to the field of seismic isolation and damping. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of building seismic isolation and damping, traditional rubber laminated bearings have been widely used due to their unique structure and performance. However, with the increasing complexity of building structures and the ever-increasing requirements for seismic isolation and damping effects, traditional rubber laminated bearings are gradually showing some limitations.
[0003] First, the hardness adjustment range of rubber materials is relatively narrow. Under complex working conditions, the mechanical performance requirements of seismic isolation bearings in building structures are diverse, and this characteristic of rubber materials makes it difficult to fully meet these diverse requirements, limiting their application in certain special scenarios. During on-site installation, when secondary adjustments to thickness and changes in elastic strength are involved, current rubber laminated bearings are not adequately adapted.
[0004] Furthermore, the rubber seat material itself is quite sensitive to environmental factors. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation or ozone can easily cause rubber materials to age and crack, significantly shortening their lifespan. This not only increases maintenance and replacement costs but also poses a potential risk to the safety of the building structure.
[0005] In contrast, polyurethane elastomers have demonstrated significant advantages in related fields. They offer a wider range of adjustable hardness, better adapting to the diverse mechanical performance requirements of seismic isolation bearings under different working conditions. Furthermore, polyurethane elastomers possess excellent aging resistance, maintaining stable performance for extended periods under harsh environmental conditions, thus effectively extending their service life.
[0006] However, most existing polyurethane bearings on the market currently employ a homogeneous structure. This structure lacks a mechanism to optimize energy dissipation through interlayer gradient design, resulting in its damping efficiency not being fully utilized and failing to maximize the advantages of polyurethane materials. Traditional rubber laminate bearings also have limitations, and there are no solutions that can combine and utilize the advantages of polyurethane materials. When addressing different support strength requirements, the bearing's hardness performance is fixed, and there are no solutions to adapt to specific hardness variations. Utility Model Content
[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, a gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing is provided to solve the above problems.
[0008] A gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing includes an elastomer laminate, multiple positioning elements and two connecting plates. The two connecting plates are arranged horizontally side by side, the elastomer laminate is disposed between the two connecting plates, and multiple positioning elements are provided on the outer wall of each connecting plate. The elastomer stack includes a main composite layer, an ultimate support shaft, and multiple fixing bolts. The main composite layer includes an inner polyurethane elastomer, two outer polyurethane elastomers, two middle polyurethane elastomers, and four steel plates. The inner polyurethane elastomers are horizontally arranged, with a middle polyurethane elastomer arranged on the upper and lower sides of each inner polyurethane elastomer. An outer polyurethane elastomer is arranged on the outer side of each middle polyurethane elastomer. A steel plate is arranged between each outer polyurethane elastomer and its adjacent middle polyurethane elastomer, and a steel plate is arranged between each middle polyurethane elastomer and its inner polyurethane elastomer. The main composite layer has a vertical hole machined in the middle along its thickness direction, and an ultimate support shaft is installed in the vertical hole. Multiple fixing bolts are respectively installed on the top and bottom sides of the main composite layer.
[0009] As a preferred option, the vertical hole and the ultimate support shaft are coaxially arranged, and the length of the ultimate support shaft is less than or equal to the length of the vertical hole.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment: the connecting plate is a square plate, and a first through hole is machined at each of the four corners of each connecting plate. A corresponding positioning component is inserted into each first through hole. Multiple second through holes are machined along the length of each connecting plate, and fixing bolts are inserted into the corresponding second through holes. The second through holes and fixing bolts are set in a one-to-one correspondence.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment: each positioning element includes a connecting thread and a double-leaf anchor bar, the connecting thread passing through the corresponding first through hole, and the end of the connecting thread being provided with a double-leaf anchor bar.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, two visual inspection elements are also provided between the two connecting plates. The two visual inspection elements are vertically arranged on both sides of the elastomer stack. The upper end of each visual inspection element is connected to one of the two connecting plates, and the lower end of each visual inspection element is connected to the other of the two connecting plates.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment: each visual inspection component includes an elastic rod, two hinge seats and two hinge members, one of the two hinge seats is located at the lower end of one of the two connecting plates, and the other of the two hinge seats is located at the upper end of the other of the two connecting plates, with one hinge member hinged to each hinge seat, and an elastic rod is provided between the two hinge members.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the inner polyurethane elastic element, the thickness of the outer polyurethane elastic element, and the thickness of the middle polyurethane elastic element are equal, and the thickness of the steel plate is less than or equal to that of the inner polyurethane elastic element.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention relates to a seismic isolation bearing with gradient stiffness. Through the alternating and synergistic cooperation of multiple layers of polyurethane elastic elements—outer, middle, and inner layers—and a steel plate, it achieves an effective absorption process for high-frequency vibrations via a multi-layered composite structure. The inner polyurethane elastic element employs a high-hardness elastomer plate structure, which provides stable load-bearing capacity, thereby achieving multi-stage energy dissipation and improving seismic isolation efficiency.
[0016] This invention can be flexibly adapted to the mechanical requirements of different engineering scenarios at the construction site. Compared with the limited adjustment capabilities of traditional rubber materials, it has the advantage of adjustable gradient hardness, which improves the scope of application and the ability to meet different hardness requirements on site.
[0017] The outer, middle, and inner polyurethane elastic components of this invention also possess excellent UV resistance and ozone resistance, ensuring that the product maintains structural stability during long-term use. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an elastomer stack; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a half-section three-dimensional structure of an elastomer stack; Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the ultimate support shaft; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning component; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connecting plate; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure of an elastomer stack; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a specific embodiment four of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the visually inspected component; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of using this utility model.
[0019] In the diagram: 1-Connecting plate; 1-1-First through hole; 1-2-Second through hole; 3-Elastomer laminate; 3-3-Inner polyurethane elastic element; 3-3-1-Inner layer injection hole; 3-3-2-Third layer hole; 3-6-Ultimate support shaft; 3-6-1-Connecting hole; 3-6-2-Injection cavity; 3-5-Fixing bolt; 3-4-Steel plate; 3-4-1-Fourth layer hole; 3-1-Outer layer polyurethane 3-1-1-Outer layer injection hole; 3-1-2-First layer hole; 3-2-Middle layer polyurethane elastic element; 3-2-1-Middle layer injection hole; 3-2-2-Second layer hole; 3-7-Vertical hole; 4-Positioning element; 4-1-Connecting thread; 4-2-Double-leaf type anchor bar; 2-Visual inspection element; 2-3-Elastic rod; 2-1-Hinge seat; 2-2-Hinge element; 5-Beam body; 6-Cap beam. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model.
[0021] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 This embodiment describes a gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing, which includes an elastic body laminate 3, multiple positioning elements 4, and two connecting plates 1. The two connecting plates 1 are arranged horizontally side by side, and the elastic body laminate 3 is disposed between the two connecting plates 1. Multiple positioning elements 4 are provided on the outer wall of each connecting plate 1. The elastomer stack 3 includes a main composite layer, an ultimate support shaft 3-6, and multiple fixing bolts 3-5. The main composite layer includes an inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3, two outer polyurethane elastic elements 3-1, two middle polyurethane elastic elements 3-2, and four steel plates 3-4. The inner polyurethane elastic elements 3-3 are horizontally arranged. A middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3, and an outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 is arranged on the outer side of each middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2. A steel plate 3-4 is arranged between each outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 and its adjacent middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2, and a steel plate 3-4 is arranged between each middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 and the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3. The main composite layer has a vertical hole 3-7 machined in the middle along its thickness direction. An ultimate support shaft 3-6 is provided in the vertical hole 3-7. Multiple fixing bolts 3-5 are respectively passed through the top and bottom sides of the main composite layer.
[0022] In this embodiment, the vertical holes 3-7 are formed by vertically opening the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3, two outer polyurethane elastic elements 3-1, two middle polyurethane elastic elements 3-2, and four steel plates 3-4 at the same position. Specifically, the forming process is as follows: each outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 has an outer layer injection hole 3-1-1 machined along its width direction; each outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 has a first layer hole 3-1-2 machined along its thickness direction; each middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 has a middle layer injection hole 3-2-1 machined along its width direction; each middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 has a second layer hole 3-2-2 machined along its thickness direction; each inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3 has an inner layer injection hole 3-3-1 machined along its width direction; each inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3 has a third layer hole 3-3-2 machined along its thickness direction; each steel plate 3-4... -4 has a fourth layer of holes 3-4-1 machined along its thickness direction. The third layer of holes 3-3-2, two first layer holes 3-1-2, two second layer holes 3-2-2, and four fourth layer holes 3-4-1 form the vertical hole 3-7. A limit support shaft 3-6 is provided in the vertical hole 3-7. An injection cavity 3-6-2 is machined in the limit support shaft 3-6. Multiple connecting holes 3-6-1 are machined along the diameter direction of the limit support shaft 3-6. The injection cavity 3-6-2 is connected to the multiple connecting holes 3-6-1. The multiple connecting holes 3-6-1 are respectively set to correspond one-to-one with the outer layer injection hole 3-1-1, the middle layer injection hole 3-2-1, and the inner layer injection hole 3-3-1. Multiple fixing bolts 3-5 are passed through the connecting plate 1, the outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1, and the steel plate 3-4 adjacent to the outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 along its thickness direction.
[0023] In this embodiment, the thickness of the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3, the thickness of the outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1, and the thickness of the middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 are equal, and the thickness of the steel plate 3-4 is less than or equal to that of the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3.
[0024] When this utility model is arranged in a linearly decreasing gradient structure, the corresponding arrangement parameters are: The outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 has the following defined parameters: 85 Shore A thickness 10mm; the middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 has the following defined parameters: 90 Shore A thickness 10mm; and the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3 has the following defined parameters: 95 Shore A thickness 10mm. The specific production steps are as follows: Step 1: Prepare polyurethane elastomer boards with different hardness a. Take 100 parts by mass of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol with an average molecular weight of 3000 and 75 parts by mass of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, and stir and react for 8 min at room temperature and 1000 r / min to obtain prepolymer A; then pour prepolymer A into a mold preheated to 85°C, demold after molding for 1 h, and then cure at 90°C for 20 h to obtain an 85 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1.
[0025] b. Increase toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to 80 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 1a to obtain a 90 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the middle polyurethane elastomer 3-2.
[0026] c. Increase toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to 87 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 1a to obtain a 95 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3.
[0027] Step 2: Steel plate 3-4 processing: After sandblasting, apply adhesive and allow to dry at room temperature for 40 minutes.
[0028] Step 3: Fabrication of the main support structure, i.e., the fabrication process of the main composite layer, is as follows: The support body is obtained by alternately stacking polyurethane elastomers with different hardness gradients with steel plates in layers of 3-4, and then bonding them under pressure at 43°C and 3MPa for 3 hours.
[0029] When this utility model is arranged in a nonlinear decreasing gradient structure, the corresponding arrangement limiting parameters are: The outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 has the following defined parameters: 75 Shore A thickness 8mm; the middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 has the following defined parameters: 85 Shore A thickness 12mm; and the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3 has the following defined parameters: 98 Shore A thickness 15mm. The specific production steps are as follows: Step 1: Prepare polyurethane elastomer boards with different hardness a. Take 100 parts by mass of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol with an average molecular weight of 3500 and 75 parts by mass of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and stir and react at room temperature and 1100 r / min for 6 min to obtain prepolymer A; then pour prepolymer A into a mold preheated to 90°C, mold for 1 h and then demold, and cure at 85°C for 22 hours to obtain a 75 Shore A hardness elastomer board as the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1.
[0030] b. Increase diphenylmethane diisocyanate to 75 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 2a to obtain an 85 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the middle layer polyurethane elastic element 3-2.
[0031] c. Increase diphenylmethane diisocyanate to 88 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 2a to obtain a 98 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3.
[0032] Step 2: Processing of steel plate 3-4: After sandblasting, apply adhesive and allow to dry at room temperature for 35 minutes.
[0033] Step 3: Fabrication of the main support structure, i.e., the fabrication process of the main composite layer, specifically as follows: The support body is obtained by alternately stacking polyurethane elastomers with different hardness gradients with steel plates in layers of 3-4, and then bonding them under pressure at 45°C and 5MPa for 3.5 hours.
[0034] When this utility model is arranged in a stepped decreasing gradient structure, the corresponding arrangement parameters are: The outer polyurethane elastic element 3-1 has the following defined parameters: 85 Shore A thickness 10mm; the middle polyurethane elastic element 3-2 has the following defined parameters: 90 Shore A thickness 10mm; the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3 has the following defined parameters: 95 Shore A thickness 10mm. The corresponding production steps are as follows: Step 1: Prepare polyurethane elastomer boards with different hardness a. Take 100 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolymer diol with an average molecular weight of 2800 and 75 parts by mass of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, and stir and react at room temperature and 1200 r / min for 10 min to obtain prepolymer A; then pour prepolymer A into a mold preheated to 90°C, mold for 1 h, demold, and then cure at 85°C for 24 h to obtain an 85 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1.
[0035] b. Increase toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to 80 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 3a to obtain a 90 Shore A hardness elastomer plate as the middle polyurethane elastomer 3-2.
[0036] c. Increase toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to 84 parts by mass, and follow the same steps as 3a to obtain an elastomer plate with a hardness of 95 Shore A as the inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3.
[0037] Step 2: Processing of steel plate 3-4: After sandblasting, apply adhesive and allow to dry at room temperature for 35 minutes.
[0038] Step 3: Fabrication of the main support structure, i.e., the fabrication process of the main composite layer, specifically as follows: The support body is obtained by alternately stacking polyurethane elastomers with different hardness gradients with steel plates in layers of 3-4, and then bonding them under pressure at 40°C and 4MPa for 4 hours.
[0039] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One. The connecting plate 1 is square, and a first through hole 1-1 is machined at each of the four corners of each connecting plate 1. A corresponding positioning element 4 is inserted into each first through hole 1-1. Each connecting plate 1 has multiple second through holes 1-2 machined in a square shape along its length. Fixing bolts 3-5 are inserted into the corresponding second through holes 1-2. The second through holes 1-2 and the fixing bolts 3-5 are set in a one-to-one correspondence.
[0040] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is a further limitation of specific implementation method one or two. Each positioning component 4 includes a connecting thread 4-1 and a double-leaf anchor bar 4-2. The connecting thread 4-1 passes through the corresponding first through hole 1-1, and the end of the connecting thread 4-1 is provided with a double-leaf anchor bar 4-2.
[0041] The positioning component 4 is used to fix the two connecting plates 1 onto the beam 5 and the cap beam 6 respectively.
[0042] Specific implementation method four: This implementation method is a further limitation of specific implementation methods one, two or three. Two visual inspection elements 2 are also provided between the two connecting plates 1. One end of the visual inspection element 2 is provided at the lower end of one of the two connecting plates 1, and the other end of the visual inspection element 2 is provided at the upper end of the other of the two connecting plates 1.
[0043] When this utility model is subjected to the pressure of the beam 5, the distance between the two connecting plates 1 is shortened, thereby causing the visual inspection component 2 to undergo corresponding deformation. In the future maintenance process, the load-bearing capacity of the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1, the middle polyurethane elastic component 3-2 and the inner polyurethane elastic component 3-3 in this utility model can be judged by observing the range of change of the visual inspection component 2 to determine whether it meets the requirements for continued use.
[0044] Specific Implementation Method 5: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods 1, 2, 3 or 4. Each visual inspection component 2 includes an elastic rod 2-3, two hinge seats 2-1 and two hinge members 2-2. One hinge seat 2-1 is located at the lower end of one of the two connecting plates 1, and the other hinge seat 2-1 is located at the upper end of the other of the two connecting plates 1. Each hinge seat 2-1 is hinged to a hinge member 2-2, and an elastic rod 2-3 is provided between the two hinge members 2-2.
[0045] When the distance between the two hinge seats 2-1 is shortened, the angle of the two hinge parts 2-2 changes accordingly, causing the elastic rod 2-3 to bend accordingly. At this time, the maintenance personnel can intuitively see the degree of bending of the elastic rod 2-3, and thus intuitively see whether the beam 5 supported by this utility model is within the expected load range.
[0046] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, Four, or Five, combined with... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the vertical hole 3-7 and the ultimate support shaft 3-6 are coaxially arranged, and the length of the ultimate support shaft 3-6 is less than or equal to the length of the vertical hole 3-7. The vertical hole 3-7 is a central vertical hole, used to provide a passage position for the ultimate support shaft 3-6. The ultimate support shaft 3-6 plays a supporting and limiting role in the minimum ultimate thickness at the center. The length of the ultimate support shaft 3-6 is less than or equal to the length of the vertical hole 3-7. The length difference between the two depends on the specific design requirements, and the length difference is the amount of compression change when this utility model is used.
[0047] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, Four, Five, or Six. In this implementation method, the gradient hardness type laminated seismic isolation bearing also has a gradient hardness adjustment process at the construction and installation site. That is, a certain number of outer polyurethane elastic elements 3-1, middle polyurethane elastic elements 3-2, or steel plates 3-4 are removed from the main composite layer to realize the self-adjustment change process of the thickness of the main composite layer on site.
[0048] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing a gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing, which includes the following steps: The first step is to prepare polyurethane elastomer sheets with different hardnesses, specifically: The fabrication of polyurethane elastomer sheets with different hardness includes the following steps: a. Take 95-105 parts by weight of polyether polyol and 70-90 parts by weight of isocyanate, and react them at room temperature and 800-1200 r / min for 5-10 min to prepare prepolymer A.
[0049] b. The prepolymer A obtained in step a is poured into a mold that has been preheated to 80~90°C and injection molded. The semi-finished product obtained by injection molding is then cured at 80~100°C for 16~24 hours to obtain a polyurethane elastomer board.
[0050] Next is the steel plate surface treatment process, which involves sandblasting the steel plate surface to increase its roughness, followed by applying an adhesive and drying it at room temperature for 30-40 minutes.
[0051] Finally, the main body of the support is manufactured. Specifically, polyurethane elastomer plates and steel plates 3-4 are alternately stacked in a preset hardness gradient order, placed in a hot press mold, and pressurized at 40~50°C and 2~5MPa for 3~4 hours to obtain the main body of the support.
[0052] Furthermore, in step 1, the polyether polyol is one or more of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, polypropylene glycol, and tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolydiol.
[0053] Furthermore, in step 1, the polyether polyol has an average molecular weight of 2000-4000 and is subjected to dehydration treatment.
[0054] Furthermore, in step 1, the isocyanate is one or both of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
[0055] Furthermore, in step 2, the adhesive is a two-component polyurethane adhesive with a main component to curing agent mass ratio of 10:1. Other unmentioned structures and connection relationships are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, or seven.
[0056] In this utility model, the main composite layer consists of an inner polyurethane elastic element 3-3, two outer polyurethane elastic elements 3-1, two middle polyurethane elastic elements 3-2, and four steel plates 3-4. This is only a typical basic structural composition. The number of inner polyurethane elastic elements 3-3, outer polyurethane elastic elements 3-1, middle polyurethane elastic elements 3-2, and steel plates 3-4 can be increased proportionally according to specific circumstances and design requirements.
[0057] The working principle of this utility model: The present invention is positioned between the beam 5 and the cap beam 6 by means of positioning component 4, so that the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1, the middle polyurethane elastic component 3-2, the inner polyurethane elastic component 3-3 and the steel plate 3-4 of the stacked structure bear the weight of the beam 5. By utilizing the decreasing hardness gradient design of the outer polyurethane elastic component 3-1, the middle polyurethane elastic component 3-2, the inner polyurethane elastic component 3-3 and the steel plate 3-4, the high-frequency vibration is absorbed, the energy is dissipated in multiple stages, and the seismic isolation efficiency is improved. Furthermore, by utilizing its own resistance to ultraviolet rays and ozone, it provides structural stability for long-term use.
Claims
1. A gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing, characterized in that: It includes an elastomer stack (3), multiple positioning elements (4) and two connecting plates (1). The two connecting plates (1) are arranged horizontally side by side, and the elastomer stack (3) is arranged between the two connecting plates (1). Multiple positioning elements (4) are provided on the outer wall of each connecting plate (1). The elastomer stack (3) includes a main composite layer, an ultimate support shaft (3-6), and multiple fixing bolts (3-5). The main composite layer includes an inner polyurethane elastic element (3-3), two outer polyurethane elastic elements (3-1), two middle polyurethane elastic elements (3-2), and four steel plates (3-4). The inner polyurethane elastic elements (3-3) are horizontally arranged. A middle polyurethane elastic element (3-2) is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner polyurethane elastic element (3-3). An outer polyurethane elastic element (3-1) is arranged on the outside of each middle polyurethane elastic element (3-2). A steel plate (3-4) is arranged between each outer polyurethane elastic element (3-1) and its adjacent middle polyurethane elastic element (3-2). A steel plate (3-4) is arranged between each middle polyurethane elastic element (3-2) and the inner polyurethane elastic element (3-3). A vertical hole (3-7) is machined in the middle of the main composite layer along its thickness direction. An ultimate support shaft (3-6) is provided in the vertical hole (3-7). Multiple fixing bolts (3-5) are respectively passed through the top and bottom sides of the main composite layer.
2. The gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical hole (3-7) and the ultimate support shaft (3-6) are coaxially arranged, and the length of the ultimate support shaft (3-6) is less than or equal to the length of the vertical hole (3-7).
3. The gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate (1) is a square plate. Each connecting plate (1) has a first through hole (1-1) at each of its four corners. A corresponding positioning piece (4) is inserted into each first through hole (1-1). Each connecting plate (1) has multiple second through holes (1-2) along its length. Fixing bolts (3-5) are inserted into the corresponding second through holes (1-2). The second through holes (1-2) and fixing bolts (3-5) are set in a one-to-one correspondence.
4. The gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each positioning element (4) includes a connecting thread (4-1) and a double-leaf anchor bar (4-2). The connecting thread (4-1) passes through the corresponding first through hole (1-1), and the end of the connecting thread (4-1) is provided with a double-leaf anchor bar (4-2).
5. A gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: Two visual inspection elements (2) are also provided between the two connecting plates (1). The two visual inspection elements (2) are respectively vertically arranged on both sides of the elastomer stack (3). The upper end of each visual inspection element (2) is connected to one of the two connecting plates (1), and the lower end of each visual inspection element (2) is connected to the other of the two connecting plates (1).
6. The gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each visual inspection component (2) includes an elastic rod (2-3), two hinge seats (2-1) and two hinge members (2-2). One of the two hinge seats (2-1) is located at the lower end of one of the two connecting plates (1), and the other of the two hinge seats (2-1) is located at the upper end of the other of the two connecting plates (1). A hinge member (2-2) is hinged to each hinge seat (2-1), and an elastic rod (2-3) is provided between the two hinge members (2-2).
7. A gradient stiffness type laminated seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the inner polyurethane elastic element (3-3), the thickness of the outer polyurethane elastic element (3-1), and the thickness of the middle polyurethane elastic element (3-2) are equal, and the thickness of the steel plate (3-4) is less than or equal to that of the inner polyurethane elastic element (3-3).