A surrounding rock collapse treatment structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of surrounding rock collapse processing structure, including plain shotcrete layer, attached arch, protective cover, anchor rod support system and backfill concrete layer;The plain shotcrete layer is attached on the rock wall of surrounding rock collapse area and the non-collapse area near collapse area;The protective cover is located in tunnel;The protective cover includes arch frame and the netted concrete layer covered outside, and the arch frame is used as the framework of protective cover;The attached arch is arranged in collapse area, and two ends are connected with arch frame and rock wall of surrounding rock collapse area respectively;Multiple backfill concrete layers are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the cavity between protective cover and rock wall of collapse area to top arch part, and distributedly made elongated prestressed anchor rod between backfill concrete layer and rock mass of collapse area.The utility model can quickly and effectively form safe working environment, improve work safety, and long-term support effect is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically to a structure for treating surrounding rock collapse. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation using the drill-and-blast method, collapses are a common occurrence and one of the main risks posing a threat to construction workers. Current technology typically employs the following construction sequence for supporting the cavities formed after a collapse: plain shotcrete sealing – construction anchor bolts – steel mesh reinforcement on the rock face – arch frame erection – concrete backfilling of the cavity. During arch frame erection, auxiliary arches are often installed to ensure contact between the collapsed rock surface and the arch frame. However, this construction sequence requires workers to operate below or near the collapsed rock mass, demanding a high level of risk identification and emergency response capabilities from the workers. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a structure for handling rockfall. This invention can quickly and effectively create a safe working environment, improve operational safety, and provide reliable long-term support.

[0004] This utility model provides a structure for treating rockfall, including a plain shotcrete layer, an arch, a protective shell, an anchor support system, and a backfill concrete layer. The plain shotcrete layer is attached to the rock wall of the rockfall area and the non-rockfall area near the rockfall area. The protective shell is located inside the tunnel. The protective shell includes an arch frame and a wire mesh concrete layer covering it, with the arch frame serving as the skeleton of the protective shell. The arch is arranged in the rockfall area, with its two ends connected to the arch frame and the rock wall of the rockfall area, respectively. The cavity between the protective shell and the rock wall of the rockfall area is provided with multiple layers of backfill concrete from bottom to top up to the top arch. Extended prestressed anchors are distributed between the backfill concrete layer and the rock mass of the rockfall area.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: the arch frame is connected and fixed to the surrounding rock mass in the non-collapse area by locking foot anchors and locking waist anchors, and the locking foot anchors and locking waist anchors penetrate into the rock mass.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: the protective cover is connected to the rock mass in the non-collapse area by ordinary anchor bolts.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: the wire mesh concrete layer includes a steel mesh layer and a wire mesh layer, which are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the arch frame, and the wire mesh concrete is fixed on the steel mesh layer, the wire mesh layer and the arch frame.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: the wire mesh layer is set in the collapsed area.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: the wire mesh concrete is connected to the rock wall in the non-collapse area.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model, the thickness of the wire mesh concrete is 20~25cm.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model, the mesh spacing of the wire mesh layer is smaller than the mesh spacing of the reinforcing bar mesh layer.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of this utility model: a concrete conveying pipe is pre-embedded on the protective cover at the location of the collapse area.

[0013] The beneficial effects provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0014] This invention utilizes a protective shell composed of an arch frame, a steel mesh layer, a wire mesh layer, and reinforced concrete to create a stable, enclosed space within the tunnel's collapse zone in a short time, providing a safety barrier for subsequent construction. The protective shell also achieves overall load-bearing through ordinary anchor bolts connected to the non-collapsed rock mass, thereby improving worker safety and ensuring reliable long-term support.

[0015] This invention utilizes a bottom-up, layered backfilling method with extended prestressed anchor rods distributed in each backfill layer. This allows the upper backfilling layer to be supported by the already formed lower backfill concrete and prestressed anchor rods, thereby effectively dispersing and reducing the load-bearing pressure on the protective casing.

[0016] Therefore, this utility model can construct a safe construction environment in a fast and economical way, with low construction risk and high anchor support quality, which not only ensures operational safety but also achieves long-term stable support effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A typical longitudinal section view of the surrounding rock collapse treatment structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 Detailed layered support diagram for non-collapse areas provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 Detailed diagram of the layered support structure in the collapsed area provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Attached reference numerals: 2. Cavity; 3. Arch frame; 4. Attached arch; 5. Plain shotcrete layer; 6. Protective cover; 7. Anchor bolt at the foot; 8. Anchor bolt at the waist; 9. Ordinary anchor bolt; 10. Extended prestressed anchor bolt; 12. Concrete delivery pipe; 13. Anchor bolt pad; 14. Reinforcing mesh layer; 15. Wire mesh layer; 16. Concrete with mesh reinforcement. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the preferred embodiments of this utility model are described below in conjunction with specific examples. However, it should be understood that the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. For better illustration of this embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings for those skilled in the art. The positional relationships described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a rockfall treatment structure includes a plain shotcrete layer 5, an arch 4, a protective shell 6, an anchor bolt support system, and a backfill concrete layer. The plain shotcrete layer 5 is attached to the rock wall of the rockfall area and the non-rockfall area near the rockfall area, and the thickness of the plain shotcrete layer 5 is not less than 5 cm. The protective shell 6 is located inside the tunnel. The arch 4 is arranged in the rockfall area, and its two ends are connected to the arch frame 3 and the rock wall of the rockfall area, respectively. The protective shell 6 includes the arch frame 3 and 16 layers of wire mesh concrete covering it. The arch frame 3 serves as the skeleton of the protective shell 6. The cavity 2 between the protective shell 6 and the rock wall of the rockfall area is provided with multiple layers of backfill concrete from bottom to top to the top arch. Extended prestressed anchor bolts 10 are distributed between the backfill concrete layer and the rock mass of the rockfall area.

[0025] In this embodiment, the arch frame 3 is a standard cross-section arch frame, which is prefabricated on site and transported to the working face. Multiple arch frames 3 are set at intervals along the tunnel length direction. Each arch frame 3 is connected and fixed to the surrounding rock mass in the non-collapse area by locking foot anchors 7 and locking waist anchors 8. The locking foot anchors 7 and locking waist anchors 8 penetrate into the rock mass, and adjacent arch frames 3 are connected by transverse connecting bars to enhance the integrity during the installation process.

[0026] The attached arch 4 is made of the same type of steel as the arch frame 3 arranged radially. The part in contact with the arch frame 3 is fixed by welding, and the other end abuts against the rock surface of the collapse area. It is set according to the distribution of the blocks in the collapse area.

[0027] The protective cover 6 is connected to the rock mass in the non-collapse area by ordinary anchor bolts 9.

[0028] The 16 layers of wire mesh concrete include a steel mesh layer 14 and a wire mesh layer 15. The steel mesh layer 14 and the wire mesh layer 15 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the arch frame 3. Wire mesh concrete 16 is fixed to the steel mesh layer 14, the wire mesh layer 15, and the arch frame 3.

[0029] The wire mesh layer 15 is installed in the collapsed area.

[0030] The reinforced concrete mesh 16 is connected to the rock wall in the non-collapse area.

[0031] The thickness of the reinforced concrete 16 is 20~25cm.

[0032] The mesh spacing of the wire mesh layer 15 is smaller than that of the steel bar mesh layer 14.

[0033] In this embodiment, the reinforcing mesh layer 14 is formed by assembling multiple reinforcing mesh sheets and transverse connecting bars on the outside of the arch frame 3; the wire mesh layer 15 is formed by assembling multiple wire mesh sheets and transverse connecting bars on the outside of the reinforcing mesh layer 14. The reinforcing bars of the reinforcing mesh sheets are bidirectional φ8 reinforcing bars with a mesh spacing of 10~20cm; the diameter of the wires in the wire mesh sheets is 1~2mm, and the mesh spacing is 2~5cm.

[0034] A concrete delivery pipe 12 is pre-embedded on the protective cover 6 at the location of the collapse area.

[0035] In this embodiment, all the locking foot anchors 7, locking waist anchors 8, ordinary anchors 9, and extended prestressed anchors 10 are provided with anchor pads 13 at their ends or welded to the arch frame 3, thereby improving the overall support effect.

[0036] To ensure the rock penetration depth of the anchor bolts, the anchor bolt installation is carried out in two stages. Stage 1: After the concrete mesh 6 is completed, in non-collapse areas, ordinary anchor bolts 9 are installed according to the original support parameters. The protective casing 6 is connected to the rock mass in the non-collapse area via ordinary anchor bolts 9. Stage 2: As multiple layers of backfill concrete are constructed, the anchor bolts in the backfill concrete layers are set as extended prestressed anchor bolts 10, thus ensuring that the rock penetration depth of the anchor bolts remains unchanged. The spacing between the anchor bolts is set according to the actual support area after the collapse.

[0037] After the concrete mesh 16 is installed, the cavity 2 is backfilled through the pre-embedded concrete delivery pipe 12. That is, the cavity 2 between the protective shell 6 and the rock wall of the collapsed area is backfilled with concrete in layers from bottom to top up to the top arch, with each layer of backfilled concrete not exceeding 50cm in height. Furthermore, for each layer of backfilled concrete, extended prestressed anchor bolts 10 are installed. The anchor bolts are installed layer by layer and distributed until the entire cavity is backfilled and the anchor bolt support is completed.

[0038] Based on the description and drawings of this utility model, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use the rockfall treatment structure of this utility model, and can produce the positive effects described in this utility model.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, in this utility model, terms such as "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe orientation or positional relationships in this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" in this utility model should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A structure for treating rock collapse, characterized in that: The system includes a plain shotcrete layer, an attached arch, a protective shell, an anchor bolt support system, and a backfill concrete layer. The plain shotcrete layer is attached to the rock wall in the collapsed area and the non-collapsed area near the collapsed area. The protective shell is located inside the tunnel. The protective shell includes an arch frame and a layer of wire mesh concrete covering it, with the arch frame serving as the skeleton of the protective shell. The attached arch is arranged in the collapsed area, with its two ends connected to the arch frame and the rock wall of the collapsed area, respectively. The cavity between the protective shell and the rock wall of the collapsed area is provided with multiple layers of backfill concrete from bottom to top up to the top arch. Extended prestressed anchor bolts are distributed between the backfill concrete layer and the rock mass of the collapsed area.

2. The rockfall treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arch frame is connected and fixed to the surrounding rock mass in the non-collapse area by locking foot anchors and locking waist anchors, which penetrate deep into the rock mass.

3. The rockfall treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cover is connected to the rock mass in the non-collapse area by ordinary anchor bolts.

4. The structure for treating rock collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire mesh concrete layer includes a steel mesh layer and a wire mesh layer, which are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the arch frame. Wire mesh concrete is fixed to the steel mesh layer, the wire mesh layer, and the arch frame.

5. The surrounding rock collapse treatment structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wire mesh layer is placed in the collapsed area.

6. The surrounding rock collapse treatment structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reinforced concrete mesh is connected to the rock wall in the non-collapse area.

7. The rockfall treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the reinforced concrete is 20-25cm.

8. The surrounding rock collapse treatment structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mesh spacing of the wire mesh layer is smaller than that of the steel bar mesh layer.

9. The rockfall treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A concrete delivery pipe is pre-embedded on the protective cover at the location of the collapse area.

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