Sand filter water inlet and outlet structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses sand filter water inlet and outlet structure, including the sand filter jar (1) for containing filter material, the both ends of sand filter jar (1) side part are equipped with water inlet pipe group (2) and water outlet pipe group (3) respectively, and water inlet pipe group (2) is located sand filter jar (1) upper end portion, and water outlet pipe group (3) is located sand filter jar (1) lower end portion, the bottom of sand filter jar (1) has blow-off pipe (4), water inlet pipe group (2) among connecting has the backwashing liquid inlet pipe (5) of sand filter jar (1) lower end portion, sand filter jar (1) upper end portion has with the backwashing liquid outlet pipe (6) of blow-off pipe (4) connection. The utility model discloses through setting from bottom to top backwashing pipeline, realizes the backwashing of sand filter jar inside, has simple structure, and the characteristics such as low energy consumption and more stable backwash effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water treatment equipment, and in particular to a sand filter inlet and outlet structure. Background Technology

[0002] Sand filtration equipment, as a key device in the field of wastewater treatment, purifies water by trapping suspended solids in the water using sand and other filter media. However, the filter media is prone to reduced filtration efficiency due to impurity accumulation, thus requiring regular backwashing to restore the filter media's performance and ensure continuous and stable operation of the equipment. In the prior art, such as the sand filter backwashing system for wastewater treatment disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN110193220A, the structure includes a sand filter tank, a multi-functional valve, an electrical control system, a self-priming pump, a check valve, a flow meter, a controller, and a pressure gauge. The self-priming pump is connected to the outlet pipe via the check valve; the flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe and connected in series with the controller; the outlet pipe is connected to the inlet pipe of the sand filter tank; the inlet pipe of the sand filter tank is connected to the multi-functional valve, which is installed on the top of the sand filter tank; the pressure gauge is installed on the inlet pipe of the sand filter tank; and the electrical control system is connected to the multi-functional valve, pressure gauge, and controller. The controller triggers the backwashing operation by monitoring the water flow. However, the backwashing mechanism of the above-mentioned existing technology has certain shortcomings: it relies on a self-priming pump to draw water back through the outlet pipeline to achieve backwashing, which is prone to backwashing water loss, and the additional pump operation will lead to energy waste; in addition, the backwashing process relies excessively on the coordinated action of the electronic control system, flow meter and controller, and its response speed and control accuracy directly affect the backwashing effect. Once the electronic control components malfunction or the signal is delayed, it is easy to cause incomplete backwashing or over-backwashing, which not only affects the filter media life, but also reduces the wastewater treatment efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sand filter inlet and outlet water structure. This invention achieves backwashing inside the sand filter tank by setting up a bottom-up backwashing pipeline, featuring a simple structure, low energy consumption, and more stable backwashing effect.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a sand filter inlet and outlet structure, including a sand filter tank for containing filter media, wherein an inlet pipe group and an outlet pipe group are respectively provided at both ends of the side of the sand filter tank, the inlet pipe group is located at the upper end of the sand filter tank, the outlet pipe group is located at the lower end of the sand filter tank, and a drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the sand filter tank; a backwash liquid inlet pipe located at the lower end of the sand filter tank is connected in the inlet pipe group, and a backwash liquid outlet pipe connected to the drain pipe is provided at the upper end of the sand filter tank.

[0005] In the above-mentioned sand filter inlet and outlet water structure, the sand filter tank includes multiple bottom plates, with support columns on the bottom plates, and a tank body for accommodating filter media on the support columns. The inlet pipe group, outlet pipe group, backwash inlet pipe, and backwash outlet pipe are arranged on the circumferential side of the tank body, and the sewage pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body.

[0006] In the aforementioned sand filter inlet and outlet structure, the circumferential side of the tank is provided with a transparent viewing window for observing the height of the sand layer.

[0007] In the aforementioned sand filter inlet and outlet water structure, the top of the tank has an exhaust valve to reduce the pressure inside the tank.

[0008] In the aforementioned sand filter inlet and outlet water structure, the inlet pipe assembly includes a sand filter pump located beside the sand filter tank. The input end of the sand filter pump is connected to a water source, and the output end of the sand filter pump is connected to an inlet pipe. An inlet control valve is provided on the inlet pipe, and a three-way valve is connected to one end of the inlet pipe. One end of the three-way valve has a horizontal pipe connected to the tank body. The other end of the three-way valve is connected to a backwash inlet pipe.

[0009] In the aforementioned sand filter inlet and outlet water structure, the outlet pipe assembly includes a straight pipe connected to the tank body, and one end of the straight pipe has an outlet control valve.

[0010] In the aforementioned sand filter inlet and outlet water structure, the backwash outlet pipe includes a pipe body connected to the upper end of the tank body, and a backwash control valve is provided at the connection between the pipe body and the tank body.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. In this utility model, the backwash inlet pipe is located at the lower end of the sand filter tank, and the backwash outlet pipe is located at the upper end of the sand filter tank. By setting a backwash path from bottom to top, a strong flushing effect can be formed on the filter media layer, effectively removing suspended solids trapped in the filter media and stabilizing the backwashing effect. The backwash inlet pipe is connected to the original water inlet pipe group and has the same power source as the filter pipeline, eliminating the need for an additional pump body and reducing the energy consumption of the equipment. Compared with the water loss caused by pumping water back through the outlet pipe in the prior art, the pipeline setting of this utility model improves the water resource utilization rate.

[0012] 2. The transparent window on the side of the tank allows for direct observation of the sand layer height and filter media condition, facilitating timely judgment of the backwashing timing. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet pipe assembly; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tube body; Figure 4This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of a sand filter tank.

[0014] The markings in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Sand filter tank, 2-Inlet pipe assembly, 3-Outlet pipe assembly, 4-Sewage pipe, 5-Backwash inlet pipe, 6-Backwash outlet pipe, 7-Bottom plate, 8-Support column, 9-Tank body, 10-Transparent viewing window, 11-Exhaust valve, 12-Sand filter pump, 13-Inlet pipe, 14-Inlet control valve, 15-Three-way valve, 16-Horizontal pipe, 17-Straight pipe, 18-Outlet control valve, 19-Pipe body, 20-Backwash control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0016] Example: A sand filter inlet and outlet structure, including a sand filter tank 1 for containing filter media, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the filter media typically consists of an upper layer of fine quartz sand (0.5-1 mm particle size), a middle layer of anthracite (1-2 mm particle size), and a lower layer of gravel support (2-4 mm particle size), forming a gradient filtration structure. The specific structure is shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown in the attached diagram; the sand filter tank 1 has an inlet pipe assembly 2 and an outlet pipe assembly 3 installed at both ends of its side, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown, the inlet pipe assembly 2 is located at the upper end of the sand filter tank 1, and the outlet pipe assembly 3 is located at the lower end of the sand filter tank 1. The bottom of the sand filter tank 1 has a drain pipe 4. The drain pipe at the bottom of the sand filter tank can promptly discharge the fine impurities and sludge deposited at the bottom of the tank during the filtration process, preventing such substances from accumulating inside the tank and entering the subsequent desalination mechanism through the outlet pipe assembly, ensuring the cleanliness of the filtered water, and reducing the risk of impurities clogging the filter media layer. When the equipment is shut down for maintenance, the drain pipe can completely empty the residual water and deposited dirt inside the tank, facilitating the cleaning or replacement of the tank interior and filter media layer, reducing maintenance difficulty, and improving equipment maintenance efficiency. The inlet pipe assembly 2 is connected to the backwash inlet pipe 5 located at the lower end of the sand filter tank 1, and the upper end of the sand filter tank 1 has a backwash outlet pipe 6 connected to the drain pipe 4. During the backwashing operation, the flushed wastewater contains impurities, and the wastewater flows into the drain pipe for better collection of dirt.

[0017] The sand filter tank 1 includes multiple base plates 7, with support columns 8 on the base plates 7. A tank body 9 for holding filter media is mounted on the support columns 8. An inlet pipe assembly 2, an outlet pipe assembly 3, a backwash inlet pipe 5, and a backwash outlet pipe 6 are located on the circumferential side of the tank body 9. A drain pipe 4 is located at the bottom of the tank body 9. The inlet pipe assembly 2 includes a sand filter pump 12 located beside the sand filter tank 1. The input end of the sand filter pump 12 is connected to a water source, and the output end of the sand filter pump 12 is connected to an inlet pipe 13. An inlet control valve 14 is installed on the inlet pipe 13. The inlet control valve is a Q41F-16C ball valve, serving as the main control valve at the inlet of the sand filter system. It controls the flow of wastewater during filtration and clean water during backwashing into the system. Closing the valve cuts off the water supply. One end of the inlet pipe 13 is connected to a three-way valve 15, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown, the three-way valve is a Q44F-16C three-way ball valve. One end of the three-way valve 15 has a horizontal pipe 16 connected to the tank body 9. It is the core valve for switching between filtration and backwashing modes. By turning the valve core, the water flow path is changed. In filtration mode, the valve core faces the horizontal pipe, guiding the sewage in the inlet pipe into the sand filter tank through the horizontal pipe, meeting the requirement of the filtration water flow from top to bottom. In backwashing mode, the valve core faces the backwash inlet pipe, guiding the clean water in the inlet pipe to flow to the lower end of the sand filter tank through the backwash inlet pipe, meeting the requirement of the backwash water flow from bottom to top. The other end of the three-way valve 15 is connected to the backwash inlet pipe 5. The outlet pipe assembly 3 includes a straight pipe 17 connected to the tank 9. One end of the straight pipe 17 has an outlet control valve 18, which is a J41H-16C shut-off valve. It is open during filtration, allowing filtered clean water from the sand filter tank to flow through the straight pipe into subsequent water treatment stages (such as a desalination unit). It is closed during backwashing, preventing wastewater containing impurities generated during backwashing from entering the outlet pipe. The backwash outlet pipe 6 includes a pipe body 19 connected to the upper end of the tank 9, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown, the connection between pipe body 19 and tank body 9 is equipped with a backwash control valve 20, which is a ball valve of model Q41F-16C. During backwashing, the valve is opened, allowing wastewater carrying impurities, flushed from bottom to top through the filter media, to be discharged through the pipe into the drain pipe, achieving centralized collection and cleaning of impurities. During filtration, the sand filter pump starts, drawing wastewater into the inlet pipe. The inlet control valve and outlet control valve are opened, and the three-way valve faces the horizontal pipe. At this time, the backwash control valve is closed, and the wastewater flows through the sand filter tank into the straight pipe of the outlet tank assembly, and then into the next water treatment stage. During backwashing of the sand filter tank, the sand filter pump draws clean water, opens the inlet control valve, and the three-way valve faces the backwash inlet pipe. At this time, the outlet control valve is closed, and the backwash control valve is open, allowing water to flow from bottom to top. The backwash wastewater flows into the drain pipe. The backwashing process is directly controlled by mechanical valves, which reduces reliance on the electrical control system, reduces fluctuations in backwashing effect caused by signal delay or component failure, and ensures backwashing stability.

[0018] The tank body 9 has a transparent viewing window 10 on its circumferential side for observing the height of the sand layer; the top of the tank body 9 has an exhaust valve 11 to reduce the pressure inside the tank. The transparent viewing window on the side of the tank body allows for direct observation of the sand layer height and filter media status, facilitating timely judgment of the backwashing timing; the exhaust valve at the top effectively reduces the pressure inside the tank, avoiding equipment damage or safety hazards caused by excessive pressure, and improving the safety and controllability of the operation process. To ensure timely backwashing of the filter media and maintain its filtration efficiency, MPM480 diffused silicon differential pressure sensors are installed on the inlet and outlet pipes of the sand filter mechanism. These sensors are connected to the system's PLC control cabinet via signal cables to collect real-time pressure differences between the inlet and outlet of the filter media layer. A backwashing initiation threshold is set, and when the PLC detects a pressure difference exceeding the threshold for 5 minutes, it automatically triggers the backwashing program. First, the outlet control valve of the outlet pipe group is closed, and simultaneously, the three-way valve is switched to the flushing path. The sand filter pump continues to run, injecting clean water through the backwash inlet pipe from the bottom of the sand filter tank, forming a bottom-up backwashing flow path. During backwashing, the differential pressure sensors continuously monitor pressure changes. When the pressure difference drops below the set value, the PLC automatically closes the flushing path of the three-way valve, restarts the outlet control valve, and restores filtration operation.

[0019] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In the filtration stage, the sewage source enters the inlet pipe 13 through the sand filter pump 12. At this time, the inlet control valve 14 is opened, and the three-way valve 15 is switched to the state of being connected to the horizontal pipe 16. The sewage enters the upper end of the tank body 9 of the sand filter tank 1 through the horizontal pipe 16. The water flows from top to bottom through the filter material layer in the tank body 9. The suspended solids in the water are intercepted by the filter material. The purified water flows out through the straight pipe 17 at the lower end of the tank body 9. At this time, the outlet control valve 18 is opened, and the purified water enters the subsequent treatment stage. In the backwashing stage, the outlet control valve 18 is closed, the three-way valve 15 is switched to the state of being connected to the backwash inlet pipe 5, and the backwash control valve 20 is opened at the same time. The backwash water flow path is as follows: the sand filter pump 12 draws clean water into the inlet pipe 13, guides it through the three-way valve 15 to the backwash inlet pipe 5, and injects it from the lower end of the tank body 9. The water flow powerfully washes the filter media layer from bottom to top, causing the trapped suspended solids to detach from the filter media and rise with the water flow. Finally, they flow into the drain pipe 4 through the backwash outlet pipe 6 at the upper end of the tank 9, completing the discharge of impurities.

[0020] The above embodiments merely illustrate the implementation of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. Furthermore, in these embodiments, "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," and "back" represent relative positions only, not absolute positions. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sand filter inlet and outlet structure, comprising a sand filter tank (1) for containing filter media, characterized in that: The sand filter tank (1) has an inlet pipe assembly (2) and an outlet pipe assembly (3) at its two ends. The inlet pipe assembly (2) is located at the upper end of the sand filter tank (1), and the outlet pipe assembly (3) is located at the lower end of the sand filter tank (1). The bottom of the sand filter tank (1) has a drain pipe (4). The inlet pipe assembly (2) is connected to a backwash inlet pipe (5) located at the lower end of the sand filter tank (1). The upper end of the sand filter tank (1) has a backwash outlet pipe (6) connected to the drain pipe (4).

2. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand filter tank (1) includes multiple base plates (7), with support columns (8) on the base plates (7) and a tank body (9) for holding filter media on the support columns (8). The inlet pipe group (2), outlet pipe group (3), backwash inlet pipe (5), and backwash outlet pipe (6) are located on the circumferential side of the tank body (9), and the drain pipe (4) is located at the bottom of the tank body (9).

3. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tank (9) has a transparent viewing window (10) on its circumferential side for observing the height of the sand layer.

4. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the tank (9) has an exhaust valve (11) to reduce the pressure inside the tank.

5. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe assembly (2) includes a sand filter pump (12) located next to the sand filter tank (1). The input end of the sand filter pump (12) is connected to the water source, and the output end of the sand filter pump (12) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (13). The liquid inlet pipe (13) is equipped with a liquid inlet control valve (14). One end of the liquid inlet pipe (13) is connected to a three-way valve (15). One end of the three-way valve (15) has a horizontal pipe (16) connected to the tank body (9). The other end of the three-way valve (15) is connected to the backwash liquid inlet pipe (5).

6. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water outlet pipe assembly (3) includes a straight pipe (17) connected to the tank body (9), and one end of the straight pipe (17) has a liquid outlet control valve (18).

7. The sand filter inlet / outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The backwash outlet pipe (6) includes a pipe body (19) connected to the upper end of the tank body (9), and a backwash control valve (20) is provided at the connection between the pipe body (19) and the tank body (9).

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