A device for recovering black powder of a lithium battery by crushing

Abstract

The utility model discloses a broken lithium battery black powder recovery device belongs to lithium battery recovery field, including vein dust remover and air compressor who installs on main pipeline in proper order, and main pipeline is sealedly connected with the broken module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module and accomodation box for lithium battery recovery treatment respectively through a plurality of branch pipeline, is provided with flow regulating valve, pressure monitor and filter on branch pipeline, and the broken module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module and accomodation box are sealedly connected in proper order through sealed pipeline, and sorting module includes airflow sorting unit, magnetic force sorting unit and eddy current sorting unit. The utility model discloses in the whole recovery process forms negative pressure environment, reduces the effusion of black powder in the process of recovery treatment of lithium battery, reduces environmental pollution, and lithium battery passes through broken, screening, grinding cooperation three different sorting modes in proper order, improves recovery efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery recycling technology, and in particular to a device for recycling black powder from crushed lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of new energy vehicles in my country has led to the rapid development of the battery industry. With the large-scale use of battery facilities and equipment, especially electric vehicles, the harmless treatment and resource reuse of waste lithium batteries has become an urgent issue.

[0003] The black powder from crushed lithium batteries refers to the black or grayish-black powder produced during the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. This powder contains one or more valuable components such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium, and is generated after the waste lithium batteries have undergone resource-based processing including discharge, dismantling, crushing, and heat treatment. Existing waste battery recycling equipment often uses a single, crude method to recover large quantities of mixed waste battery powder, leading to resource waste, dust pollution throughout the workshop and surrounding areas, and low recycling efficiency. Therefore, the recovery of the black powder generated from crushed lithium batteries requires a more efficient and pollution-free process, which is a critical technical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for recycling black powder from crushed lithium batteries. The device operates in a negative pressure environment throughout the recycling process, reducing the spillage of black powder from lithium batteries during recycling and thus reducing environmental pollution. The lithium batteries are sequentially processed through three different sorting methods: crushing, screening, and grinding, thereby improving recycling efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder, comprising a venous dust collector and an air compressor installed sequentially on a main pipeline. The main pipeline is sealed to a crushing module, a screening module, a grinding module, a sorting module, and a collection box for lithium battery recycling through several branch pipelines. The branch pipelines are equipped with flow regulating valves, pressure monitors, and filters. The crushing module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module, and collection box are sealed to each other sequentially through sealed pipelines. The sorting module includes an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit, and an eddy current sorting unit.

[0006] Preferably, one side of the crushing module is connected to the screening module, and the other side of the crushing module is sealed to the screw conveyor module.

[0007] Preferably, the screw conveyor module includes a housing, a conveying motor is installed outside the housing, the output rod of the conveying motor is connected to a rotating shaft inside the housing, the rotating shaft is provided with screw blades for conveying materials, both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the housing, one end of the housing is provided with a feed hopper, and the other end of the housing is sealed to the crushing module through a sealed pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the crushing module includes a crushing shell, inside which two crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions are rotatably arranged.

[0009] Preferably, the screening module includes a screening shell, a filter screen is installed inside the screening shell, the two sides of the filter screen are connected to the inner surface of the screening shell through spring seats, and a vibration motor is installed on the filter screen.

[0010] Preferably, the grinding module includes a grinding shell, a grinding cage is rotatably disposed inside the grinding shell, and a plurality of grinding balls for grinding are disposed inside the grinding cage.

[0011] Preferably, the airflow separation unit includes a vertically arranged separation shell, the bottom end of which is connected to the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module via a sealed pipe. A recovery box is installed inside the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module, and the side and top of the recovery box near the grinding cage are open.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic sorting unit includes an intermediate body, and magnetic bodies are spaced apart from top to bottom in the intermediate body. Each magnetic body includes a plurality of magnetic rods, one end of which is connected to the intermediate body and the other end of which is connected to a metal plate. The metal plate is fixed to the end of the sorting shell that is away from the grinding shell.

[0013] Preferably, the eddy current sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting shell two. The top end of the sorting shell two is sealed to the top end of the sorting shell one through an arc-shaped tube. Several eddy current coils are horizontally surrounded inside the sorting shell two. The magnetic field direction of the eddy current coils is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sorting shell two. The sorting shell two is provided with a lateral opening for eddy current sorting. A collection cavity is provided outside the lateral opening.

[0014] The present invention provides a recycling method for a broken lithium battery black powder recycling device, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Feeding and Conveying: The air compressor creates a negative pressure environment in the entire device, and the waste lithium batteries are fed into the sealed feed hopper of the screw conveyor module, and then conveyed to the crushing module by the screw conveyor module; Step 2, primary crushing: The crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions crush the conveyed material, and the crushed material enters the screening module; Step 3, Vibrating Screening: The vibrating motor drives the filter screen to vibrate, separating the crushed material through the screen. Step 4, fine grinding: The material that passes through the sieve enters the grinding cage under negative pressure, and the grinding cage drives the grinding balls to rotate and finely grind the material. Step 5, tiered sorting: Airflow sorting: The negative pressure airflow is controlled by the airflow control valve. In the vertical sorting shell, the airflow carries light black powder upwards, while heavy particles fall into the recycling box. Magnetic sorting: Ferromagnetic metals in rising airflow are attracted by magnetic rods and separated from the airflow; Eddy current separation: Non-ferrous metals are thrown towards the side opening in the eddy current magnetic field and enter the collection chamber; Step six: After airflow sorting, the materials finally enter the storage box.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder, which has the following beneficial effects: This utility model uses a sealed connection of crushing, screening, grinding and sorting modules, combined with a vein dust collector and an air compressor to create a negative pressure environment in the whole device, reducing the spillage of black powder during the recycling process of lithium batteries and effectively controlling dust leakage. This invention utilizes a spiral conveyor module to transport materials, controlling the conveying speed to reduce material accumulation and adapt to continuous production rhythms; a crushing module with counter-rotating crushing rollers generates shearing force, resulting in uniform particle size; a screening module with spring-supported filter screen disperses vibration stress, and works with a vibrating motor to screen materials; a grinding module with a grinding cage and grinding balls effectively pulverizes materials; and three different sorting units—airflow, magnetic force, and eddy current—are combined to improve sorting efficiency, thereby increasing recycling efficiency.

[0016] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and connection of the recycling device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each module of the recycling device according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the crushing module according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 4 This is a top view of the crushing module according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the screening module according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the grinding cage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the grinding cage according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting module structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 9 This is a top view of the magnetic sorting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure Labels 1. Main pipeline; 2. Vein dust collector; 3. Air compressor; 4. Branch pipeline; 5. Flow regulating valve; 6. Pressure monitor; 7. Filter; 8. Sealed pipeline; 9. Crushing module; 10. Screening module; 11. Grinding module; 12. Sorting module; 13. Collection box; 14. Screw conveyor module; 15. Crushing shell; 16. Crushing roller; 17. Screening shell; 18. Filter screen; 19. Spring seat; 20. Vibrating motor; 21. Grinding shell; 22. Grinding cage; 23. Sliding ring; 24. Sorting shell one; 25. Recycling box; 26. Intermediate body; 27. Magnetic rod; 28. Metal plate; 29. ​​Sorting shell two; 30. Arc-shaped tube; 31. Lateral opening; 32. Collection chamber; 33. Support; 34. Horizontal bar; 35. Vertical bar. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present utility model embodiments clearer, the present utility model embodiments will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model embodiments and are not intended to limit the present utility model embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0021] Similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a lithium battery black powder recycling device, comprising a venous dust collector 2 and an air compressor 3 sequentially installed on a main pipeline 1. The main pipeline 1 is sealed to a crushing module 9, a screening module 10, a grinding module 11, a sorting module 12, and a collection box 13 for lithium battery recycling via several branch pipelines 4. Each branch pipeline 4 is equipped with a flow regulating valve 5, a pressure monitor 6, and a filter 7. The flow regulating valve 5 is located at the end of the branch pipeline 4 closest to the main pipeline 1, the filter 7 is located at the end of the branch pipeline 4 furthest from the main pipeline 1, and the pressure monitor 6 is located between the flow regulating valve 5 and the filter 7. The filter 7 can be a Y-type filter. The branch pipelines 4 are all located on the main pipeline 1 on one side of the venous dust collector 2, and the air compressor 3 is located on the main pipeline 1 on the other side of the venous dust collector 2. The venous dust collector 2 and the air compressor 3, through the main pipeline 1 and the branch pipelines 4, create a negative pressure environment in the entire lithium battery recycling device to transport materials and prevent black powder spillage. The entire device is mounted on bracket 33, and the bracket 33, together with mounting plates, bolts and other commonly used connecting elements, is used to fix the various structures.

[0025] The crushing module 9, screening module 10, grinding module 11, sorting module 12, and collection box 13 are sequentially and sealed together via a sealed pipe 8. One side of the crushing module 9 is connected to the screening module 10, and the other side is sealed together with the screw conveyor module 14. The screw conveyor module 14 includes a housing, with a conveyor motor mounted outside the housing. The output rod of the conveyor motor is connected to a rotating shaft inside the housing. The rotating shaft has spiral blades for conveying materials, and both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the housing. One end of the housing has a feed hopper, and the other end of the housing is sealed together with the crushing module 9 via the sealed pipe 8. The screw conveyor module 14 adopts the existing screw conveyor structure, with the housing fully sealed, except that both ends are connected to the feed hopper and the sealed pipe 8, respectively. The fully sealed housing of the screw conveyor module 14 prevents dust from escaping and allows for adjustment of the material conveying speed to adapt to continuous production rhythms.

[0026] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the crushing module 9 includes a crushing shell 15, inside which two opposing crushing rollers 16 are rotatably mounted. The structure of the crushing module 9 adopts the structure of a twin-shaft shear crusher, and it is sealed to the screw conveyor module 14 and the screening module 10 through sealed pipes 8 connected at the top and bottom, respectively. The two crushing rollers 16 are driven by a motor to rotate inward and in opposite directions to crush the material, resulting in uniform particle size (reducing over-grinding) and no dust overflow.

[0027] like Figure 5 As shown, the screening module 10 includes a screening housing 17, inside which a filter screen 18 is installed. The two sides of the filter screen 18 are connected to the inner surface of the screening housing 17 via spring seats 19. A vibration motor 20 is installed on the filter screen 18. The vibration motor 20 drives the vibrating screen to vibrate, which, in conjunction with the spring seats 19, screens the material.

[0028] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the grinding module 11 includes a grinding shell 21, within which a grinding cage 22 is rotatably mounted. The grinding cage 22 contains several grinding balls for grinding. The grinding cage 22 includes several transverse rods 34 distributed along the length of the grinding shell 21, arranged circumferentially. Each transverse rod 34 has a vertical rod connected to both ends. The vertical rods at one end of all transverse rods 34 are connected to a rotating rod located at the center of the circle, and the vertical rods at the other end of all transverse rods 34 are connected to a fixed block located at the center of the circle. The end of the rotating rod furthest from the vertical rod is connected to the output shaft of a grinding motor located outside the grinding shell 21. The diameter of the grinding balls is larger than the gaps in the reinforcing cage, preventing the grinding balls from escaping. The grinding balls are made of high-hardness ceramic (such as zirconium oxide) to avoid metal contamination of the black powder. The transverse rods 34 plus the vertical rod frame structure enhances the rigidity of the cage. The grinding cage 22, in conjunction with the grinding balls, efficiently pulverizes the black powder, further breaking down the material. A sliding ring 23 is provided at the connection between the horizontal rod 34 and the vertical rod 35. The inner surface of the grinding shell 21 is provided with a sliding groove that is adapted to the sliding ring 23. The sliding ring 23 is disposed in the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0029] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the sorting module 12 includes an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit, and an eddy current sorting unit. The airflow sorting unit includes a vertically arranged sorting housing 24, the bottom of which is connected to the end of the grinding housing 21 away from the screening module 10 via a sealed pipe 8. A recovery box 25 is installed inside the end of the grinding housing 21 away from the screening module 10, and the side and top of the recovery box 25 near the grinding cage 22 are open. The airflow sorting initially separates light dust from heavy particles.

[0030] The magnetic sorting unit includes an intermediate body 26, with magnetic elements spaced apart from top to bottom. Each magnetic element includes several magnetic rods 27, one end of which is connected to the intermediate body 26, and the other end of which is connected to a metal plate 28. The metal plate 28 is fixed to the end of the sorting housing 24 furthest from the grinding housing 21. The array of magnetic rods 27 adsorbs ferromagnetic metals.

[0031] The eddy current separation unit includes a vertically arranged separation housing 29, the top of which is sealed to the top of a separation housing 24 via an arc-shaped tube 30. Several eddy current coils are horizontally arranged inside the separation housing 29, with the magnetic field direction of the eddy current coils perpendicular to the axial direction of the separation housing 29. A lateral opening 31 for eddy current separation is provided on the separation housing 29, and a collection chamber 32 is provided outside the lateral opening 31. Material passes through the vertically arranged separation housing 29 from bottom to top. The eddy current coils surround the middle of the separation housing 29, and non-metallic materials (such as copper and aluminum foil) are thrown to the outside of the separation housing 29 and enter the collection chamber 32 through the lateral opening 31.

[0032] A portion of the sealed piping 8 is funnel-shaped to facilitate sealing connections between different structures. Another portion of the sealed piping 8 is a tubular, normal piping (excluding the arc-shaped pipe 30). The funnel-shaped piping can be welded to the structural shell or normal piping to form a sealed connection, while the normal piping can be sealed using flanges and sealing rings.

[0033] All outer casings (including the machine housing, etc.) are sealed. The material collection structures such as the recycling bin 25, the collection chamber 32, and the storage bin 13 are all equipped with sealed doors that can be opened and closed for material removal.

[0034] The recycling device in this invention also includes a controller, and the various drive and electric structures are electrically connected to the controller using existing structures.

[0035] The recycling method of the broken lithium battery black powder recycling device of this utility model includes the following steps: Step 1, feeding and conveying: The air compressor 3 creates a negative pressure environment in the entire device, and the waste lithium batteries are input through the sealed feed hopper of the screw conveyor module 14 and conveyed to the crushing module 9 by the screw conveyor module 14; Step 2, primary crushing: The crushing rollers 16 rotating in opposite directions crush the conveyed material, and the crushed material enters the screening module 10; Step 3, Vibrating Screening: Vibrating motor 20 drives filter screen 18 to vibrate, separating the crushed material through screening; Step 4, fine grinding: The material that passes through the sieve enters the grinding cage 22 under negative pressure. The grinding cage 22 drives the grinding balls to rotate and finely grind the material. Step 5, tiered sorting: Airflow sorting: The negative pressure airflow is controlled by the airflow control valve. In the vertical sorting shell 24, the airflow carries light black powder upward and heavy particles fall into the recycling box 25. Magnetic sorting: Ferromagnetic metals in the rising airflow are attracted by magnetic rod 27 and separated from the airflow; Eddy current separation: Non-ferrous metals are thrown towards the lateral opening 31 in the eddy current magnetic field and enter the collection chamber 32; Step 6: After airflow sorting, the materials finally enter the storage box 13.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder, characterized in that: It includes a vein dust collector and an air compressor installed sequentially on the main pipeline. The main pipeline is sealed to a crushing module, a screening module, a grinding module, a sorting module, and a collection box for lithium battery recycling through several branch pipelines. The branch pipelines are equipped with flow regulating valves, pressure monitors, and filters. The crushing module, screening module, grinding module, sorting module, and collection box are sealed to each other sequentially through sealed pipelines. The sorting module includes an airflow sorting unit, a magnetic sorting unit, and an eddy current sorting unit.

2. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the crushing module is connected to the screening module, and the other side of the crushing module is sealed to the screw conveyor module.

3. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw conveyor module includes a housing, a conveyor motor is installed outside the housing, the output rod of the conveyor motor is connected to a rotating shaft inside the housing, the rotating shaft is equipped with screw blades for conveying materials, both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the housing, one end of the housing is equipped with a feed hopper, and the other end of the housing is sealed to the crushing module through a sealed pipe.

4. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing module includes a crushing shell, inside which two crushing rollers rotate in opposite directions.

5. The device for recovering crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening module includes a screening shell, inside which a filter screen is installed. The two sides of the filter screen are connected to the inner surface of the screening shell through spring seats, and a vibration motor is installed on the filter screen.

6. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding module includes a grinding shell, inside which a grinding cage is rotatably mounted, and inside the grinding cage are several grinding balls for grinding.

7. The device for recovering crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The airflow separation unit includes a vertically arranged separation shell 1. The bottom end of the separation shell 1 is connected to the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module through a sealed pipe. A recovery box is installed inside the end of the grinding shell away from the screening module. The side and top of the recovery box near the grinding cage are open.

8. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic sorting unit includes an intermediate body, from top to bottom, magnetic bodies are spaced out. Each magnetic body includes several magnetic rods. One end of each magnetic rod is connected to the intermediate body, and the other end of each magnetic rod is connected to a metal plate. The metal plate is fixed to the sorting shell at the end away from the grinding shell.

9. The device for recycling crushed lithium battery black powder according to claim 8, characterized in that: The eddy current separation unit includes a vertically arranged separation shell two. The top end of the separation shell two is sealed to the top end of the separation shell one through an arc tube. Several eddy current coils are horizontally surrounded inside the separation shell two. The magnetic field direction of the eddy current coils is perpendicular to the axis of the separation shell two. The separation shell two is provided with a lateral opening for eddy current separation. A collection cavity is provided outside the lateral opening.

Images