Water guide laser coupling head, water guide laser cutting head

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of water-guided laser technology, specifically to a water-guided laser coupling head and a water-guided laser cutting head. The water-guided laser coupling head includes a mounting base, a transparent lens, and a coupling module. The mounting base is hollow, and the transparent lens and coupling module are housed within it, with the coupling module located below the transparent lens. The transparent lens and coupling module are spaced apart to form a water flow homogenization cavity. The water flow homogenization cavity includes a squeezing cavity and a slowing cavity. The squeezing cavity is located on the periphery of the slowing cavity, and its outer edge gradually narrows towards the center of the water flow homogenization cavity, smoothly transitioning to the slowing cavity. The coupling module contains a nozzle positioned opposite the slowing cavity, and water flows from the squeezing cavity to the slowing cavity and then to the nozzle. This application improves the structure of the water flow homogenization cavity, balancing the pressure of the high-pressure water entering the cavity, resulting in more stable water flow and thus better roundness of the water column entering the coupling hole, which is beneficial for improving subsequent processing effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water-guided laser technology, specifically to a water-guided laser coupling head and a water-guided laser cutting head equipped with the water-guided laser coupling head. Background Technology

[0002] Water-guided laser processing is a green, efficient, and novel laser cold processing technology. Its technical principle involves using a high-pressure micro-water beam as an "optical fiber," and through a well-designed optical system, coupling a laser beam into a water column, which then guides the laser to the surface of the material being processed. The coupling effect between the laser and the water column directly affects the processing outcome. Existing water-guided laser coupling structures are relatively complex, and the water flow homogenization is not ideal, resulting in poor coupling between the laser and the water column. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the existing coupling structure of water-guided laser is relatively complex and the water flow homogenization effect is not ideal, resulting in poor coupling effect between laser and water column.

[0004] Therefore, this invention provides a water-guided laser coupling head that can improve the coupling effect between the laser beam and the water column.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: A water-guided laser coupling head according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, The mounting base is hollow. A light-transmitting mirror, wherein the light-transmitting mirror is disposed within a mounting base; A coupling module is disposed within the mounting base and located below the light-transmitting lens; The light-transmitting mirror and the coupling module are spaced apart to form a water flow homogenization cavity. The water flow homogenization cavity includes a squeezing cavity and a slow-flow cavity. The squeezing cavity is located on the periphery of the slow-flow cavity. The outer edge of the squeezing cavity gradually contracts towards the middle of the water flow homogenization cavity and smoothly transitions to the slow-flow cavity. The coupling module is provided with a nozzle that is positioned opposite to the slow-flow cavity. The water flows from the squeezing cavity to the slow-flow cavity and then to the nozzle.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are that by improving the structure of the water flow homogenization chamber, the high-pressure water flow enters the water flow homogenization chamber and first passes through the extrusion chamber, which makes the water flow pressure uniform, reduces the flow velocity and suppresses strong turbulence, and makes the water flow more stable. As a result, the roundness of the water column sprayed from the nozzle through the slow flow chamber is better, which is conducive to improving the subsequent processing effect.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness d2 of the extrusion cavity gradually decreases from the edge of the extrusion cavity toward the slow flow cavity until it is equal to the thickness d1 of the slow flow cavity, and the thickness d1 of each part of the slow flow cavity is equal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the coupling module is provided with an annular water tank and a plurality of water distribution tanks. The annular water tank is arranged along the circumference of the coupling module, and the plurality of water distribution tanks are distributed at intervals on the outer periphery of the coupling module. The annular water tank is connected to the extrusion chamber through the plurality of water distribution tanks. The mounting base is provided with a water inlet hole, and the water inlet hole is connected to the annular water tank.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a protective air chamber is provided in the coupling module. The protective air chamber is located on the side of the nozzle away from the light-transmitting lens. A first air inlet is provided on the mounting base for supplying air into the protective air chamber. A multi-stage annular air channel is provided between the first air inlet and the protective air chamber. After passing through the multi-stage annular air channel, the gas reaches a homogenized state and enters the protective air chamber and surrounds the water column.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a jet protection module is provided inside the coupling module, and a protective air cavity is provided inside the jet protection module. A first annular air passage is provided on the inner sidewall of the mounting base, and a second annular air passage is provided on the inner sidewall of the coupling module. A first connecting hole is provided on the coupling module radially to connect the first annular air passage and the second annular air passage. A second connecting hole is provided on the jet protection module radially to connect the second annular air passage and the protective air cavity. Multiple second connecting holes are provided along the circumference of the protective air cavity.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the jet protection module is provided with a jet channel, the jet channel is connected to the protective air chamber, the inner diameter r2 of the jet channel is smaller than the inner diameter r1 of the protective air chamber, and a transition channel is provided between the jet channel and the protective air chamber.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the jet protection module includes an assembly part and a nozzle. The assembly part is assembled in the cavity of the coupling module and is fitted to the nozzle. The protective air cavity is disposed in the assembly part. The nozzle protrudes from the coupling module and is horn-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, within the cross-section where the nozzle axis is located, the outer sidewall of the nozzle is configured as a straight line or a curve.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the mounting base is provided with a bottom cover, the bottom cover is sleeved on the nozzle, and an air jet annular slit is formed between the bottom cover and the nozzle. The bottom cover is provided with an air jet annular cavity and a second air inlet, and the air jet annular cavity is connected to the second air inlet and the air jet annular slit.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the end face of the nozzle away from the assembly part is provided with a splash-proof groove that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, within the cross-section where the nozzle axis is located, the inner wall of the anti-splash groove is configured as a straight line or a curve.

[0017] The present invention also provides a water-guided laser cutting head, comprising: The base and the water-guided laser coupling head as described above, wherein the water-guided laser coupling head is disposed on the lower side of the base via a focusing lens assembly, and the water-guided laser coupling head is coaxially disposed with the focusing lens assembly; A laser adjustable collimation component is disposed on the upper side of the base; A visual calibration component is disposed on the upper side of the base body, and the visual calibration component, the laser adjustable collimation component, and the focusing lens component are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the base body; The housing is equipped with an optical path adjustment component, which is used to transmit laser light to the water-guided laser coupler and transmit the image of the laser coupled with the water column in the water-guided laser coupler to the visual calibration component.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the optical path adjustment component includes, A first reflecting mirror is disposed above the focusing mirror assembly; The second reflector is disposed below the visual calibration component. The second reflector cooperates with the first reflector to transmit the image of the laser coupled with the water column in the water-guided laser coupling head to the visual calibration component. A semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens is disposed between the second reflector and the first reflector, and located below the laser adjustable collimation assembly. The semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens cooperates with the first reflector to transmit laser light to the focusing lens assembly and the water-guided laser coupling head.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the optical path adjustment assembly further includes three adjustable frames for adjusting the angles of the first reflector, the second reflector, and the semi-transparent lens, respectively.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a functional seat is provided between the focusing lens assembly and the base, and the functional seat has a gas passage through which positive pressure gas can be applied to the base to prevent external water mist from entering the base.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water-guided laser cutting head in this utility model.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path adjustment component in this utility model.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable eyeglass frame in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation principle of lens adjustment in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the focusing lens assembly in this utility model.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water-guided laser coupling head in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the coupling module in this utility model.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling module in this utility model.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the extrusion chamber and the slow-flow chamber in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the extrusion chamber and the slow-flow chamber in other embodiments of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the jet protection module in this utility model.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the jet protection module in this utility model.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in another embodiment of this utility model.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Base; 11. Partition; 12. Light guide hole; 13. Mounting hole; 14. Mounting port; 15. End cover plate; 2. Visual calibration component; 3. Adjustable laser collimation component; 4. Focusing lens component; 41. Functional base; 42. Connecting base; 43. First airflow hole; 44. Second airflow hole; 45. Pressure relief gap; 5. Water-guided laser coupling head; 51. Mounting base; 511. Water inlet; 512. First air inlet; 513. First annular air passage; 52. Light transmission lens; 53. Coupling module; 531. Annular water tank; 532. Water distribution tank; 533. Slow flow cavity; 534. Squeezing cavity; 535. First connecting hole; 54. Nozzle; 55. Jet protection module; 551. Assembly part; 5511. Protective air chamber; 5512. Jet channel; 5513. Second annular air passage; 5514. Second connecting hole; 5515. Transition channel; 552. Nozzle; 5521. Splash guard; 56. Bottom cover; 561. Jet annular cavity; 562. Jet annular seam; 563. Second air inlet; 6. Optical path adjustment assembly; 61. First reflector; 62. Semi-transparent lens; 63. Second reflector; 7. Adjustable frame; 71. Adjustment base; 72. Mounting frame; 73. First adjusting screw; 74. Second adjusting screw; 75. Third adjusting screw. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 A water-guided laser cutting head includes a base 1, a vision calibration component 2, a laser adjustable collimation component 3, a water-guided laser coupling head 5, an optical path adjustment component 6, and a focusing lens component 4.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 The base 1 is a one-piece hollow shell, with its length along the X-axis. The visual calibration component 2 and the adjustable laser collimation component 3 are sequentially mounted on the upper side of the base 1 along the X-axis. The water-guided laser coupler 5 is positioned on the lower side of the base 1 via a focusing lens assembly 4, which is coaxially arranged with the water-guided laser coupler 5 along the Y-axis. The visual calibration component 2, the adjustable laser collimation component 3, and the focusing lens assembly 4 are sequentially arranged along the length of the base 1. The base 1 has multiple mounting holes 13, corresponding to the visual calibration component 2, the adjustable laser collimation component 3, and the focusing lens assembly 4, respectively.

[0044] Specifically, the optical path adjustment component 6 is housed within the base 1. The optical path adjustment component 6 includes a second reflecting mirror 63, a semi-transparent lens 62, and a first reflecting mirror 61 arranged sequentially along the positive X-axis. The second reflecting mirror 63 is positioned below the visual calibration component 2, the semi-transparent lens 62 is positioned below the laser adjustable collimation component 3, and the first reflecting mirror 61 is positioned above the focusing lens component 4. The second reflecting mirror 63, in conjunction with the first reflecting mirror 61, transmits the image of the laser coupled to the water column in the water-guided laser coupler 5 to the visual calibration component 2; the semi-transparent lens 62, in conjunction with the first reflecting mirror 61, is used to transmit the laser to the focusing lens component 4 and the water-guided laser coupler 5.

[0045] Specifically, the internal cavity of the base 1 is divided into a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity by two partitions 11. The partitions 11 are integrally formed with the base 1. In other embodiments, the base 1 can also be configured as a combined base consisting of three modules connected in sequence, each module having a cavity. The first reflector 61 is located in the first cavity, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens 62 is located in the second cavity, and the second reflector 63 is located in the third cavity. The partitions 11 have light guide holes 12 to facilitate the passage of light. Mounting ports 14 are provided at both ends of the base 1 (facing the positive and negative X-axis directions respectively). Mounting ports 14 are also provided on the base 1 at positions opposite to the laser adjustable collimation component 3. End face covers 15 are connected to the mounting ports 14. The end face covers 15 at both ends of the base 1 are used to mount the first reflector 61 and the second reflector 63 in the optical path adjustment component 6, respectively. The end face covers 15 on the side wall of the base 1 are used to mount the semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens 62.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 , 4 The optical path adjustment assembly 6 also includes three adjustable lens mounts 7 for adjusting the angles of the first reflecting mirror 61, the second reflecting mirror 63, and the semi-transparent lens 62, respectively. The three adjustable lens mounts 7 are respectively mounted on corresponding end face covers 15. The first reflecting mirror 61, the second reflecting mirror 63, and the semi-transparent lens 62 can be finely adjusted along the X, Y, and Z axes via the corresponding adjustable lens mounts 7, thereby achieving adjustment in three degrees of freedom. In this embodiment, the adjustable lens mount 7 includes: an adjustment base 71, a mounting frame 72, and an adjustment component. The adjustment base 71 is fixedly connected to the end face cover 15. The adjustment component passes through the adjustment base 71, with one end connected to the mounting frame 72 and the other end connected to the first mounting plate and passing through the end face cover 15, facilitating adjustment operations. The lens is mounted on the mounting frame 72.

[0047] The adjustment assembly includes a first adjusting screw 73, a second adjusting screw 74, and a third adjusting screw 75. One end of each screw is connected to the mounting frame 72, and the other end is connected to and passes through the end face cover plate 15. Adjustment can be performed manually or electrically. For example, the first adjusting screw 73, the second adjusting screw 74, and the third adjusting screw 75 are arranged in an isosceles right triangle, with the third adjusting screw 75 located at the right angle vertex.

[0048] by Figure 4 Taking the lens in the middle as an example, in Figure 4 In the coordinate system, when it is necessary to adjust the mounting angle of the lens in the X direction, the first adjusting screw 73 is operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjusting base 71 and the mounting frame 72 in the X direction; when it is necessary to adjust the mounting angle of the lens in the Y direction, the second adjusting screw 74 is operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjusting base 71 and the mounting frame 72 in the Y direction; when it is necessary to adjust the mounting angle of the lens in the Z direction, the first adjusting screw 73, the second adjusting screw 74 and the third adjusting screw 75 are operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjusting base 71 and the mounting frame 72 in the Z direction.

[0049] Reference Figure 5 A functional seat 41 is provided between the focusing lens assembly 4 and the base 1. The functional seat 41 has a gas passage, through which positive pressure gas can be applied to the internal cavity of the base 1 to prevent external water mist from entering the internal cavity of the base 1. Specifically, a first airflow hole 43 is opened at the lower end of the functional seat 41. The functional seat 41 is hollow and communicates with the interior of the base 1. Positive pressure gas enters the interior of the base 1 from the first airflow hole 43, so that the space above the focusing lens assembly 4 and the internal cavity of the base 1 are filled with positive pressure gas. The positive pressure gas in the functional seat 41 and the base 1 can be released through the assembly gaps on the base 1 (such as the assembly gap between the end cover plate 15 and the base 1), forming a gas flow, thereby carrying away the heat generated by the focusing lens assembly 4 and achieving heat dissipation; and it can keep the internal cavity of the base 1 filled with positive pressure gas, and also prevent water mist from condensing on the surfaces of the first reflecting mirror 61, the semi-reflective lens, and the second reflecting mirror 63.

[0050] A connecting seat 42 is provided between the focusing lens assembly 4 and the water-guided laser coupling head 5. The connecting seat 42 has a second airflow hole 44 communicating with the water-guided laser coupling head 5. Positive pressure gas flows from the second airflow hole 44 towards the water-guided laser coupling head 5, filling the inlet of the water-guided laser coupling head 5 with positive pressure gas. This ensures that both the upper and lower spaces of the focusing lens assembly 4 are filled with positive pressure gas, preventing external water mist from entering the focusing lens assembly 4 and preventing fogging of the focusing lens within the focusing lens assembly 4, thus improving the focusing effect. In this embodiment, a venting gap is provided on one side of the connecting seat 42, communicating with the water-guided laser coupling head 5. When positive pressure gas is introduced, it can flow out through the venting gap, forming a gas flow. This serves two purposes: firstly, it carries away the heat generated by the focusing lens assembly 4, achieving heat dissipation; secondly, it prevents positive pressure gas from entering the water-guided laser coupling head 5 and affecting the coupling effect.

[0051] Reference Figure 6 The water-guided laser coupling head 5 in this embodiment includes a mounting base 51, a coupling module 53, a transparent lens 52, a jet protection module 55, and a bottom cover 56. The mounting base 51 is hollow and has a through-cavity. Specifically, the upper end of the mounting base 51 is configured as a funnel-shaped inlet. A coupling cavity is provided inside the mounting base 51, extending through the bottom end of the mounting base 51. A mounting cavity is provided between the coupling cavity and the funnel-shaped inlet. The transparent lens 52 is disposed in the mounting cavity and is made of transparent glass. The inner diameter of the mounting cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the funnel-shaped inlet near the mounting cavity, thereby limiting the axial displacement of the transparent lens 52. A sealing ring is provided between the transparent lens 52 and the mounting base 51.

[0052] Reference Figure 7 , 8The coupling module 53 is disposed within the coupling cavity. Multiple sealing rings are arranged axially between the outer wall of the coupling module 53 and the inner wall of the coupling cavity. An annular groove for accommodating the sealing rings is provided on the outer wall of the coupling module 53. The coupling module 53 is hollow. The nozzle 54 and the jet protection module 55 are both disposed within the coupling module 53. Sealing rings are also provided between the nozzle 54, the jet protection module 55, and the inner wall of the coupling module 53. The sealing ring between the nozzle 54 and the coupling module 53 is embedded in the inner wall of the coupling module 53, and the sealing ring between the jet protection module 55 and the coupling module 53 is embedded in the outer wall of the jet protection module 55. The nozzle 54 is disposed on the side of the jet protection module 55 closest to the light-transmitting mirror 52. A sealing ring is also provided between the nozzle 54 and the jet protection module 55, and the sealing ring is embedded in the end face of the jet protection module 55. It should be noted that the nozzle 54 and the light-transmitting lens 52 are arranged coaxially opposite each other. Furthermore, the diameter of the upper and lower ends of the nozzle 54 is smaller than that of the middle part of the cross-shaped block. The upper end of the inner wall of the coupling module 53 is provided with a boss. The middle part of the nozzle 54 is engaged with the boss, thereby restricting the axial displacement of the nozzle 54. The lower end of the nozzle 54 is inserted into the upper end face of the jet protection module 55, thereby improving the assembly accuracy between the nozzle 54 and the jet protection module 55.

[0053] The jet protection module 55 includes an assembly part 551 and a nozzle 552. The assembly part 551 is assembled in the coupling module 53 and fits against the nozzle 54. The nozzle 552 protrudes from the coupling module 53 and is horn-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The bottom cover 56 is located at the lower end of the mounting base 51 and is fitted onto the nozzle 552.

[0054] Specifically, the upper surface of the nozzle 54 is flush with the upper surface of the coupling module 53. The coupling module 53, nozzle 54, and light-transmitting mirror 52 are spaced apart, thereby isolating a water flow homogenization chamber within the mounting cavity. The water flow homogenization chamber includes a squeezing chamber 534 and a slowing chamber 533. The squeezing chamber 534 is located around the slowing chamber 533. Figure 9 As shown. Furthermore, the heights of the extrusion cavity 534 and the slow-flow cavity 533 along the axial direction of the light transmission lens 52 are respectively the thicknesses of the extrusion cavity 534 and the slow-flow cavity 533. The thickness d2 of the extrusion cavity 534 gradually decreases from the edge of the extrusion cavity 534 toward the slow-flow cavity 533 until it is equal to the thickness d1 of the slow-flow cavity 533. The thickness d1 of the slow-flow cavity 533 is uniform everywhere.

[0055] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the upper surface of the coupling module 53 is bent away from the light-transmitting mirror 52, thereby changing the thickness of the extrusion cavity 534. In other embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown in small figure (a), the outer edge of the upper end face of the water flow homogenization cavity can be tilted or bent away from the coupling module 53, and the lower end face of the water flow homogenization cavity is a plane; or, as ... Figure 10As shown in small figure (b), the outer edge of the upper end face of the water flow homogenization cavity is inclined or bent away from the coupling module 53, and the outer edge of the lower end face is inclined or bent away from the light transmission lens 52. From the perspective of ease of processing, the scheme of designing the outer edge of the lower end face of the water flow homogenization cavity to be inclined or bent away from the coupling module 53 is easier to process and has a better water flow homogenization effect.

[0056] Reference Figure 11 , 12 The nozzle 54 is sequentially provided with interconnected coupling holes, a first exit channel, an exit transition channel, a second exit channel, and a conical cavity along the water jet exit direction. A sapphire plate is embedded on the upper surface of the nozzle 54. The coupling hole is located on the sapphire plate and is coaxially arranged with the slow-flow cavity 533. The main body of the nozzle 54 is made of stainless steel. If the coupling hole were directly opened on the stainless steel material, the laser might burn the sidewall of the coupling hole during laser path calibration, resulting in poor coupling effect. In this embodiment, the coupling hole is opened on the sapphire plate, which is not affected by the laser, thus improving the subsequent coupling effect of the coupling hole. The inner diameters of the coupling hole, the first exit channel, the exit transition channel, and the second exit channel gradually increase, while the diameter of the conical cavity near the second exit channel is smaller.

[0057] The mounting base 51 is provided with a water inlet hole 511. The outer wall of the coupling module 53 is provided with an annular water groove 531 and a water distribution groove 532. The annular water groove 531 is connected to the water inlet hole 511. The annular water groove 531 is located above the sealing ring between the coupling module 53 and the mounting base 51. The length direction of the water distribution groove 532 is arranged along the axial direction of the coupling module 53. Multiple water distribution grooves 532 are arranged along the circumference of the coupling module 53. The water distribution groove 532 is connected to the annular water groove 531 and the water flow equalization chamber. Thus, the water flows into the water flow homogenization chamber through the inlet 511, the annular water trough 531, and the water distribution trough 532. The water distribution trough 532 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the water flow homogenization chamber, which can improve the uniformity of pressure distribution when the water flows into the water flow homogenization chamber, which is beneficial to improving the subsequent homogenization effect. The water flow entering the water flow homogenization chamber first passes through the squeezing chamber 534, which can make the water flow pressure uniform, reduce the flow velocity and suppress strong turbulence, and make the water flow more stable. Then, it is sprayed out from the nozzle 54 through the slow flow chamber 533. After homogenization, the roundness of the sprayed water column is better.

[0058] like Figure 13As shown, the jet protection module 55 is provided with a protective air chamber 5511 and a jet channel 5512 that are interconnected and coaxially arranged. The protective air chamber 5511 is located on the side close to the nozzle 54. The protective air chamber 5511 is connected to and coaxially arranged with the conical cavity. Specifically, the inner diameter r2 of the jet channel 5512 is smaller than the inner diameter r1 of the protective air chamber 5511. A transition channel 5515 is provided between the jet channel 5512 and the protective air chamber 5511.

[0059] The mounting base 51 is provided with a first air inlet 512 for supplying air into the protective air chamber 5511. The inner side wall of the mounting base 51 is provided with a first annular air passage 513. The inner side wall of the coupling module 53 is provided with a second annular air passage 5513. The coupling module 53 is provided with a first connecting hole 535 arranged radially along the coupling module 53 to connect the first annular air passage 513 and the second annular air passage 5513. The assembly part 551 is provided with a second connecting hole 5514 arranged radially along the coupling module 53 to connect the second annular air passage 5513 and the protective air chamber 5511. Multiple second connecting holes 5514 are arranged circumferentially along the protective air chamber 5511.

[0060] A jet annular slit 562 is formed between the bottom cover 56 and the nozzle 552. The bottom cover 56 has a jet annular cavity 561 and a second air inlet 563, with the jet annular cavity 561 connecting the second air inlet 563 and the jet annular slit 562. The end face of the nozzle 552 away from the assembly part 551 has a splash guard 5521 that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. Within the cross-section along the axis of the nozzle 552, the inner wall of the splash guard 5521 is either a straight line or a curve protruding towards the outer wall of the nozzle 552. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 14 As shown in small figure (a), within the cross-section containing the axis of the nozzle 552, the sidewall of the nozzle 552 is configured as a curve bending towards its axis, and within the cross-section containing the axis of the nozzle 552, the sidewall of the splash guard 5521 is configured as a straight line. In other embodiments, it may also be as follows... Figure 14 As shown in small figure (b), within the cross-section where the axis of nozzle 552 lies, the sidewall of nozzle 552 is configured as a curve bending towards its axis, and the sidewall of splash guard 5521 is configured as a curve bending towards the sidewall of nozzle 552; alternatively, it can be as follows: Figure 14 As shown in small figure (c), within the cross-section where the axis of nozzle 552 lies, the sidewall of nozzle 552 is set as an inclined straight line, and the sidewall of splash guard 5521 is set as a curve curving towards the sidewall of nozzle 552; it can also be as follows: Figure 14 As shown in small figure (d), within the section containing the axis of nozzle 552, the sidewall of nozzle 552 is set as an inclined straight line, and the sidewall of splash guard 5521 is set as an inclined straight line.

[0061] The implementation principle of this application is as follows: After being collimated by the adjustable laser collimation component 3, the parallel laser beam is reflected by a semi-reflective lens to the first reflecting mirror 61, and then reflected by the first reflecting mirror 61 to the focusing mirror assembly 4. The focusing mirror assembly 4 focuses the parallel laser beam into a very small spot. The focused laser beam enters the water-guided laser coupling head 5 and couples with the high-pressure water beam. The light emitted by the light source of the vision calibration component 2 is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 63 and the semi-reflective lens to the first reflecting mirror 61, and then reflected by the first reflecting mirror 61 to the focusing mirror assembly 4. This allows the vision calibration component 2 to monitor the coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam, so that the operator can adjust the coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam according to the real-time monitoring situation until the center of the spot coincides with the axis of the high-pressure water beam.

[0062] In the water-guided laser coupling head 5, high-pressure water flows from the water inlet 511 on the mounting base 51 into the squeezing chamber 534 of the water flow homogenization chamber for initial homogenization, and then into the slow flow chamber 533 to reach a completely homogenized state before flowing to the coupling hole in the nozzle 54; the laser beam is focused and passes through the light transmission lens 52 into the nozzle 54, where the laser beam couples with the water column.

[0063] The specific process of water flow homogenization is as follows: When the high-pressure water flows in through the inlet hole 511, it is relatively turbulent. After the high-pressure water flows fill the annular water tank 531, under the action of the squeezing force, the water flows upward through several water distribution tanks 532 to disperse the pressure, and then enters the squeezing chamber 534. Due to the structural characteristics of the squeezing chamber 534, which is wide on the outside and narrow on the inside, the turbulent water flow can suppress strong turbulence under the action of the squeezing chamber 534 gradually converging. The water flow gradually becomes gentle and then further stabilizes through the slow flow chamber 533, so that the water flow as a whole forms a uniform pressure distribution with the nozzle 54 as the center in the slow flow chamber 533.

[0064] The specific process of airflow homogenization is as follows: Gas enters the first annular air passage 513 through the first air inlet 512. After filling the first annular air passage 513, the gas enters the second annular air passage 5513 through the first connecting hole 535. After the gas reaches a homogenized state in the second annular air passage 5513, it enters the protective air chamber 5511 through the second connecting hole 5514. At this time, the gas can form a stable protective air field around the water column, making the water column more stable during the jetting process. Since the diameter of the protective air chamber 5511 is larger than the diameter of the jet channel 5512, when the protective air field and the water column enter the jet channel 5512 together, the outer protective gas enters the jet channel 5512 through the transition channel 5515 and is compressed, which can increase the gas flow rate and effectively extend the length of the water column.

[0065] It should be noted that in the entire coupling process of this embodiment, the order of introducing the laser beam, passing water, and introducing protective gas is as follows: first, water is introduced to form a water column, then protective gas is introduced to form a stable water column, and finally, the laser beam is introduced to couple with the water column. The protective gas can form a protective gas field around the water column, making the water column more rounded and stable, which can effectively improve the coupling effect. Finally, the laser beam enters the stable water column along the coupling hole for coupling, which helps to improve the coupling effect.

[0066] In summary, this invention, through structural improvements to the water flow homogenization cavity, can form a stable homogenized water flow field, making the water column passing through nozzle 54 more stable. Improvements to the airflow homogenization structure further stabilize the airflow entering the protective gas cavity 5511, creating a stable protective gas field around the water column, thereby enhancing the roundness and stability of the water column and improving the coupling effect between the laser beam and the water column.

[0067] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water guide laser coupling head (5) characterized in that, include, Mounting base (51), wherein the mounting base (51) is hollow; A light-transmitting lens (52) is disposed within a mounting base (51); The coupling module (53) is disposed in the mounting base (51) and located below the light-transmitting lens (52); The light-transmitting mirror (52) and the coupling module (53) are spaced apart to form a water flow homogenization cavity. The water flow homogenization cavity includes a squeezing cavity (534) and a slow-flow cavity (533). The squeezing cavity (534) is located on the periphery of the slow-flow cavity (533). The outer edge space of the squeezing cavity (534) gradually shrinks towards the middle part of the water flow homogenization cavity and smoothly transitions to the slow-flow cavity (533). The coupling module (53) is provided with a nozzle (54) that is opposite to the slow-flow cavity (533). The water flows from the squeezing cavity (534) to the slow-flow cavity (533) and then to the nozzle (54).

2. The water guide laser coupling head (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness d2 of the extrusion cavity (534) gradually decreases from the edge of the extrusion cavity (534) toward the slow flow cavity (533) until it is equal to the thickness d1 of the slow flow cavity (533). The thickness d1 of each part of the slow flow cavity (533) is equal.

3. The water guide laser coupling head (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling module (53) has an annular water tank (531) and multiple water distribution tanks (532) on its side wall. The annular water tank (531) is arranged along the circumference of the coupling module (53), and the multiple water distribution tanks (532) are spaced apart on the outer periphery of the coupling module (53). The annular water tank (531) is connected to the extrusion chamber (534) through the multiple water distribution tanks (532). The mounting base (51) has a water inlet hole (511) that is connected to the annular water tank (531).

4. The water guide laser coupling head (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling module (53) is provided with a protective air chamber (5511). The protective air chamber (5511) is located on the side of the nozzle (54) away from the light-transmitting lens (52). The mounting base (51) is provided with a first air inlet (512) for supplying air into the protective air chamber (5511). A multi-stage annular air channel is provided between the first air inlet (512) and the protective air chamber (5511). After passing through the multi-stage annular air channel, the gas that has reached a homogenized state enters the protective air chamber (5511) and surrounds the water column.

5. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coupling module (53) is provided with a jet protection module (55), and the protective air chamber (5511) is provided in the jet protection module (55). The inner sidewall of the mounting base (51) is provided with a first annular air passage (513), and the inner sidewall of the coupling module (53) is provided with a second annular air passage (5513). The coupling module (53) is provided with a first connecting hole (535) arranged radially along the coupling module (53) to connect the first annular air passage (513) and the second annular air passage (5513). The jet protection module (55) is provided with a second connecting hole (5514) arranged radially along the coupling module (53) to connect the second annular air passage (5513) and the protective air chamber (5511). Multiple second connecting holes (5514) are arranged along the circumference of the protective air chamber (5511).

6. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The jet protection module (55) is provided with a jet channel (5512), which is connected to the protective air chamber (5511). The inner diameter r2 of the jet channel (5512) is smaller than the inner diameter r1 of the protective air chamber (5511). A transition channel (5515) is provided between the jet channel (5512) and the protective air chamber (5511).

7. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The jet protection module (55) includes an assembly part (551) and a nozzle (552). The assembly part (551) is assembled in the chamber of the coupling module (53) and fits against the nozzle (54). The protective air chamber (5511) is disposed in the assembly part (551). The nozzle (552) protrudes from the coupling module (53) and is horn-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom.

8. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 7, characterized in that, Within the cross-section where the axis of the nozzle (552) lies, the outer sidewall of the nozzle (552) is configured as a straight line or a curve.

9. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lower end of the mounting base (51) is provided with a bottom cover (56), which is sleeved on the nozzle (552). A jet annular slit (562) is formed between the bottom cover (56) and the nozzle (552) at an interval. The bottom cover (56) is provided with a jet annular cavity (561) and a second air inlet (563). The jet annular cavity (561) is connected to the second air inlet (563) and the jet annular slit (562).

10. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nozzle (552) has a splash guard (5521) that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom on the end face away from the assembly part (551).

11. The water-guided laser coupling head (5) according to claim 10, characterized in that, Within the cross-section where the axis of the nozzle (552) lies, the inner wall of the splash guard (5521) is configured as a straight line or a curve.

12. A water-guided laser cutting head, characterized in that, include: The base (1) and the water-guided laser coupling head (5) as described in any one of claims 1-11, wherein the water-guided laser coupling head (5) is disposed on the lower side of the base (1) via a focusing lens assembly (4), and the water-guided laser coupling head (5) is coaxially disposed with the focusing lens assembly (4); A laser adjustable collimation component (3) is disposed on the upper side of the base (1); A visual calibration component (2) is disposed on the upper side of the base (1). The visual calibration component (2), the laser adjustable collimation component (3), and the focusing lens component (4) are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the base (1). The base (1) is provided with an optical path adjustment component (6), which is used to transmit the laser to the water-guided laser coupler (5) and transmit the image of the laser coupled with the water column in the water-guided laser coupler (5) to the visual calibration component (2).

13. The water-guided laser cutting head according to claim 12, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment component (6) includes, A first reflecting mirror (61) is disposed above the focusing mirror assembly (4); The second reflector (63) is disposed below the visual calibration component (2). The second reflector (63) cooperates with the first reflector (61) to transmit the image of the laser coupled with the water column in the water-guided laser coupling head (5) to the visual calibration component (2). A semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens (62) is disposed between the second reflector (63) and the first reflector (61) and is located below the laser adjustable collimation assembly (3). The semi-transparent and semi-reflective lens (62) cooperates with the first reflector (61) to transmit laser light to the focusing lens assembly (4) and the water-guided laser coupling head (5).

14. The water-guided laser cutting head according to claim 13, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment assembly (6) also includes three adjustable frames (7) for adjusting the angles of the first reflector (61), the second reflector (63), and the semi-transparent lens (62), respectively.

15. The water-guided laser cutting head according to claim 12, characterized in that, A functional seat (41) is provided between the focusing lens assembly (4) and the base (1). The functional seat (41) has a gas passage through which positive pressure gas can be applied to the base (1).

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