Exhaust structure, battery pack shell, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device, relating to the field of battery technology. The exhaust structure is disposed in the exhaust channel of the battery pack housing and includes a pipe body and a phase change element. The pipe body includes a gas passage and a accommodating cavity separated from each other. The gas passage allows exhaust gas to flow through, and the accommodating cavity surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage; the phase change element is located in the accommodating cavity. In the exhaust structure provided by this application, when high-temperature smoke passes through the gas passage, heat is uniformly conducted to the phase change element through the pipe body wall. The phase change element reduces the temperature of the high-temperature smoke, making it easier for the smoke to condense and settle, thus reducing visible smoke. Simultaneously, after thermal runaway smoke flow, the phase change element recovers to a solid state through natural cooling or active cooling, enabling reuse and improving the service life of the exhaust structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the safety of power batteries has become an increasingly important concern. When a power battery experiences thermal runaway, it produces a large amount of white smoke.

[0003] In related technologies, a pressure relief valve or exhaust channel is installed on the battery pack to directly discharge the thermal runaway flue gas into the environment.

[0004] However, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure reduces smoke emissions, enables the exhaust structure to be reused, and improves the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure, which is disposed in an exhaust channel of a battery pack housing, and the exhaust structure includes:

[0007] The tube body includes a mutually separated air passage and a receiving cavity, the air passage being for through which exhaust gas flows, and the receiving cavity surrounding at least a portion of the outer periphery of the air passage.

[0008] Phase change element, the phase change element is located in the accommodating cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes an adsorption element located in the exhaust channel.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a partition pipe, a receiving cavity is formed between the outer wall of the partition pipe and the inner wall of the pipe body, and an air passage is formed inside the partition pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the tube body and the partition tube are coaxially sleeved.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the tube has an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the air passage, and the adsorption element is disposed near the air outlet of the air passage.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, there are multiple adsorption elements, which are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the air passage.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the adsorption element has a porous structure.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a support material, the phase change element includes a phase change material, the support material and the phase change material form a granular structure, and the granular structure is located in the accommodating cavity.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a housing located in the accommodating cavity.

[0017] The shell has a first cavity, and the phase change element includes a phase change material located in the first cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the latent heat of phase change of the phase change element is A, where A satisfies: A > 200 J / g.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the phase transition temperature of the phase change element is B, where B satisfies: 80℃≤B≤150℃.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the phase change element includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the inorganic hydrated salts include sodium sulfate decahydrate or sodium acetate trihydrate.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, organic phase change compounds include paraffin or fatty acids.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, composite phase change types include paraffin and graphite composite materials or inorganic hydrated salt and porous substrate composite materials.

[0024] The mass ratio of paraffin wax to graphite is (30-50):(50-65);

[0025] The mass ratio of inorganic hydrated salt to porous substrate is (30-50): (50-60).

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the porosity of the adsorption element is P, where P satisfies: 70% ≤ P ≤ 80%.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the pores of the adsorption element have a pore size C that satisfies: 2nm≤C≤100nm.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, C satisfies: 20nm≤C≤70nm.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the adsorption element includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, molecular sieve, porous metal, porous ceramic or porous foam.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the porous foam includes polyurethane foam or melamine foam.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the absorbent element includes fiberglass felt or melamine foam.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the adsorption element is D, where D satisfies: 10mm≤D≤100mm.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, D satisfies: 30mm≤D≤60mm.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, along the airflow direction perpendicular to the air passage, the distance between the outer peripheral wall of the separating tube and the inner peripheral wall of the tube body is E, where E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤5mm.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, E satisfies: 2mm≤E≤3mm.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the air passage is in the shape of a straight tube, a spiral, or a curved tube.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the air passage includes a first segment that extends along a first direction.

[0038] And / or, the air passage includes a second section and at least two third sections.

[0039] Along the second direction, at least two third segments are set in sequence; at least two third segments extend along the first direction.

[0040] The second segment extends along the second direction; along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment.

[0041] The first and second directions intersect.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the air passage includes at least two fourth segments; the fourth segment is a spiral segment.

[0043] Along the first direction, at least two fourth segments are set in sequence.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a filter element disposed near the air inlet of the exhaust channel.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the filter element is made of 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the filter element includes a screen with a mesh size of F, where F satisfies: 150 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, F satisfies: 300 mesh ≤ F ≤ 450 mesh.

[0048] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing, including an exhaust structure.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the battery pack housing further includes a tray body, the tray body forming an exhaust channel; an exhaust structure is located in the exhaust channel; the two ends of the exhaust channel of the exhaust structure are respectively connected to the exhaust inlet and exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the pallet body includes side beams that form exhaust channels.

[0051] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0052] Battery components;

[0053] The battery pack housing has a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery assembly.

[0054] Alternatively, the battery pack may include a venting structure.

[0055] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0056] The exhaust structure, battery pack housing, battery pack, and electrical equipment provided in this application embodiment are provided. The exhaust structure is disposed in the exhaust channel of the battery pack housing and includes a pipe body and a phase change element. The pipe body includes a gas passage and a accommodating cavity that are separated from each other. The gas passage is used for the exhaust gas to flow through, and the accommodating cavity surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage. The phase change element is located in the accommodating cavity.

[0057] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment has an air passage formed by the pipe body for the flow of smoke during heating runaway, ensuring smooth smoke discharge and preventing pressure buildup. A receiving cavity formed by the pipe body surrounds the air passage and is used to accommodate the phase change element.

[0058] When high-temperature smoke passes through the air passage, the heat is evenly conducted to the phase change element through the pipe wall. The phase change element is used to reduce the temperature of the smoke, making it easier for the smoke to condense and settle, thus reducing visible smoke.

[0059] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment, by placing the phase change element in the accommodating cavity formed by the pipe body, allows the phase change element to exchange heat indirectly through the wall of the pipe body. This not only avoids contamination or chemical deformation of the phase change element, but also enables the phase change element to recover to a solid state through natural cooling or active cooling after thermal runaway smoke flow, thus achieving reuse and improving the service life of the exhaust structure. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0061] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack housing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side beam of the battery pack housing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0066] 100: Pallet body; 110: Side beam;

[0067] 200: Battery assembly;

[0068] 300: Cover;

[0069] 400: Tube body; 410: Divider tube; 420: Gas passage; 430: Receptacle; 440: Phase change element; 450: Adsorption element;

[0070] 500: Air intake.

[0071] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0072] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0073] Currently, to address the smoke generated by thermal runaway of power batteries, pressure relief valves or exhaust channels are installed on the battery pack to directly discharge the smoke generated by thermal runaway into the environment.

[0074] The white fumes generated by battery thermal runaway are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The white fumes from thermal runaway are primarily gases from the electrolyte. These VOCs are gaseous at high temperatures, but condense into liquid or solid particles when the temperature drops below their dew point.

[0075] In some battery packs, the main body of the battery pack casing is designed with gas channels to extend the airflow path. This extends the airflow path, consumes the instantaneous pressure of the airflow, and appropriately reduces the temperature of the airflow, thus having a cooling and buffering effect and protecting the battery pack casing.

[0076] In some battery packs, at least a portion of the gas flow path in the exhaust channel of the battery pack casing is bent. The exhaust channel is used to discharge the gas flow generated during thermal runaway of the battery components to the pressure relief valve of the battery pack. By extending the gas flow path in the exhaust channel, the gas temperature flowing to the pressure relief valve area is reduced, preventing the pressure relief valve from igniting and ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

[0077] However, related technologies focus on extending the path of the thermal runaway airflow generated by the battery pack to achieve cooling and avoid the hazards caused by the high-temperature airflow. These technologies also fail to effectively control the large amounts of visible smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery pack, resulting in the continued problem of significant white smoke emissions into the environment.

[0078] In summary, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke.

[0079] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure is disposed in the exhaust channel of the battery pack housing and includes a pipe body and a phase change element. The pipe body includes a gas passage and a accommodating cavity that are separated from each other. The gas passage is used for the exhaust gas to flow through, and the accommodating cavity surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage. The phase change element is located in the accommodating cavity.

[0080] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment has an air passage formed by the pipe body for the flow of smoke during heating runaway, ensuring smooth smoke discharge and preventing pressure buildup. A receiving cavity formed by the pipe body surrounds the air passage and is used to accommodate the phase change element.

[0081] When high-temperature smoke passes through the air passage, the heat is evenly conducted to the phase change element through the pipe wall. The phase change element is used to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature smoke, making the smoke easier to condense and settle, thus reducing visible smoke.

[0082] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment, by placing the phase change element in the accommodating cavity formed by the pipe body, allows the phase change element to exchange heat indirectly through the wall of the pipe body. This not only avoids contamination or chemical deformation of the phase change element, but also enables the phase change element to recover to a solid state through natural cooling or active cooling after thermal runaway smoke flow, thus achieving reuse and improving the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0083] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] Firstly, referring to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this application embodiment provides an exhaust structure, which is disposed in the exhaust channel of the battery pack housing. The exhaust structure includes:

[0085] The tube body 400 includes a gas passage 420 and a receiving cavity 430 that are separated from each other. The gas passage 420 is used for the discharge gas to flow through, and the receiving cavity 430 surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage 420.

[0086] Phase change element 440 is located in accommodating cavity 430.

[0087] For example, the air passage 420 formed by the pipe body 400 is used for the flow of gas in case of heating runaway, to ensure that the smoke is discharged smoothly and to avoid pressure buildup.

[0088] The accommodating cavity 430 formed by the tube body 400 surrounds the outer periphery of the gas passage 420, and the accommodating cavity 430 is used to accommodate the phase change element 440. The accommodating cavity 430 surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage 420, wherein the accommodating cavity 430 may wrap around a portion of the outer periphery of the gas passage 420, or the accommodating cavity 430 may wrap around the outer periphery of the gas passage 420. When the accommodating cavity 430 wraps around the outer periphery of the gas passage 420, an annular heat exchange surface is formed between the phase change element 440 and the high-temperature smoke, increasing the contact area between the phase change element 440 and the high-temperature smoke, which helps the high-temperature smoke to cool down and condense rapidly.

[0089] When the high-temperature gas flows through the gas passage 420, the heat is evenly conducted to the phase change element 440 through the wall of the tube body 400, avoiding localized overheating. The phase change element 440 is used to reduce the gas temperature, making it easier for the gas to condense and settle, thus reducing visible smoke.

[0090] As one possible implementation, the cross-sectional shape of the tube 400 along its extension direction can be circular, rectangular, or other structures, and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0091] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes an adsorption element 450 located in the air passage 420.

[0092] An adsorption element 450 is installed inside the air passage 420. The adsorption element 450 directly captures particulate matter and harmful gases, reducing the amount of smoke emitted into the environment.

[0093] After thermal runaway occurs in the battery component 200 of the battery pack, the high-temperature smoke flows to the exhaust structure. The phase change element 440 located in the accommodating cavity 430 absorbs heat, reduces the temperature of the high-temperature smoke, and promotes the condensation of the high-temperature smoke. The cooled and condensed high-temperature smoke is captured by the adsorbent 450. Through the cooling of the phase change element 440 and the adsorption of the adsorbent 450, the amount of visible smoke is effectively reduced.

[0094] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment effectively reduces the emission of thermal runaway smoke by using a phase change element 440 to cool high-temperature smoke and an adsorption element 450 to adsorb condensed smoke. This combination of phase change cooling and adsorption purification effectively reduces the amount of smoke emitted during thermal runaway. Furthermore, by placing the phase change element 440 within the accommodating cavity 430 formed by the pipe body 400, the phase change element 440 undergoes indirect heat exchange through the wall of the pipe body 400. This not only avoids contamination or chemical deformation of the phase change element 440, but also allows it to be reused after the thermal runaway smoke has passed through, through natural or active cooling to return to a solid state. This improves the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0095] Meanwhile, by placing the adsorbent 450 inside the air passage 420, it helps the adsorbent 450 support to capture particulate matter and harmful gases, and also facilitates the replacement of the adsorbent 450, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0096] Furthermore, the exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment does not require any changes to the original battery pack or battery pack housing structure during installation, and is compatible with various battery packs or battery pack housings, thus offering the advantage of convenient installation.

[0097] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a partition pipe 410, with a receiving cavity 430 formed between the outer wall of the partition pipe 410 and the inner wall of the pipe body 400, and an air passage 420 formed inside the partition pipe 410.

[0098] For example, an annular cavity 430 is formed between the outer wall of the separator 410 and the inner wall of the tube body 400 to fill the phase change element 440. In this way, the phase change element 440 surrounds the entire gas passage 420, thereby maximizing the heat exchange area.

[0099] The separator tube 410 has an internal gas passage 420 for the flow of thermal runaway gas and an adsorption element 450 is placed therein.

[0100] When the high-temperature flue gas flows through the gas channel 420, heat is evenly transferred to the phase change element 440 through the wall of the separator 410, preventing localized overheating. Simultaneously, because the phase change element 440 first lowers the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas, causing it to condense, it helps improve the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent 450. Thus, the phase change element 440 not only cools the high-temperature flue gas, but also extends its service life by avoiding direct contact with the high-temperature / corrosive flue gas flow. Furthermore, since the phase change element 440 is located in the annular cavity 430, it can be reused after thermal runaway flue gas flow through natural or active cooling to return to a solid state, thus improving the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0101] In one feasible implementation, the tube body 400 and the partition tube 410 are coaxially sleeved. The materials of the tube body 400 and the partition tube 410 include stainless steel and aluminum alloy.

[0102] For example, the coaxial design of the tube body 400 and the partition tube 410 makes the accommodating cavity 430 form an annular layer of equal thickness, which wraps the entire air passage 420. This ensures that when the high-temperature airflow flows through the air passage 420 of the partition tube 410, the heat is uniformly conducted to the phase change element 440 through the cylinder wall of the partition tube 410 in 360°. At the same time, the phase change element 440 wraps the entire air passage 420, maximizing the heat exchange area and helping to improve the cooling effect.

[0103] The coaxially sleeved tube 400 and the partition tube 410 can be laser welded or bolted together to form a whole, resisting the high pressure impact during thermal runaway.

[0104] In addition, the sealing of the annular cavity 430 prevents leakage of the phase change element 440 and prevents external impurities from entering, thereby improving the service life of the phase change element 440.

[0105] As one possible implementation, the tube body 400 has an air inlet 500 and an exhaust outlet communicating with the air passage 420, in which the adsorption member 450 is disposed near the exhaust outlet of the exhaust passage.

[0106] For example, the adsorbent 450 is positioned near the exhaust port, and it intervenes after the high-temperature smoke has cooled down. By positioning the adsorbent 450 near the exhaust port, pressure loss caused by positioning it at any location in the air passage 420 is avoided; at the same time, the airflow is slowed down and cooled by the phase change element 440 before reaching the adsorbent 450, resulting in volume contraction. Positioning the adsorbent 450 close to the exhaust port helps to increase the contact time between the smoke and the adsorbent 450, thereby improving the adsorption effect of the adsorbent 450.

[0107] Through the initial cooling and condensation effect of the phase change element 440, some components in the airflow are removed. The further adsorption effect of the adsorbent element 450 ensures that the remaining particulate matter and chemical components are effectively removed. This staged treatment method significantly reduces visible smoke in the airflow emitted to the outside, thus achieving cleaner and safer emissions.

[0108] The adsorption element 450 is concentrated at the exhaust port and can be designed as a detachable adsorption element 450, so that the entire exhaust structure does not need to be disassembled during maintenance, which improves the convenience of maintenance.

[0109] As one feasible implementation, there are multiple adsorption elements 450, which are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the air passage 420.

[0110] For example, by providing multiple adsorbents 450 in the air passage 420, each adsorbent 450 can be used to adsorb smoke, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the exhaust structure and reducing the emission of visible smoke.

[0111] In some embodiments, different adsorbents 450 may be equipped with different adsorbent materials to form a gradient distribution of adsorption capacity. For example, the adsorbent 450 near the air inlet 500 can treat high-concentration macromolecular substances, while the adsorbent 450 near the exhaust outlet can capture low-concentration small-molecule substances. This improves the overall adsorption efficiency of the exhaust structure and further reduces the amount of smoke emitted.

[0112] As one feasible implementation, the adsorption element 450 has a porous structure.

[0113] For example, the porous adsorbent 450 is able to capture and condense particulate matter in smoke, reducing visible smoke emissions and thus reducing the emission of harmful substances.

[0114] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a support material, the phase change element 440 includes a phase change material, and the support material and the phase change material form a granular structure located in the accommodating cavity 430.

[0115] For example, by forming the phase change material and the supporting material into a granular structure, the phase change element 440 is more physically stable, which can prevent the phase change material from moving during use and improve the reliability and lifespan of the phase change element 440. Because this granular structure improves the stability of the phase change element 440, the phase change material can undergo multiple cycles without losing its performance, which makes the phase change element 440 economical in long-term use.

[0116] The supporting material can be graphite or carbon nanotubes. In addition to providing support, both graphite and carbon nanotubes have thermal conductivity, which can promote the occurrence of phase transition reactions.

[0117] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a housing located in the receiving cavity 430.

[0118] The housing has a first cavity, and the phase change element 440 includes a phase change material located in the first cavity.

[0119] For example, this structure, which places the phase change material in the shell, forms a microcapsule structure with the shell. By encapsulating the phase change material within the first cavity of the shell, leakage or evaporation during the phase change process can be effectively prevented, thereby improving the service life and stability of the phase change material.

[0120] Furthermore, the size and shape of the housing can be adjusted according to specific application requirements, allowing it to be better integrated into the exhaust structure.

[0121] The phase change material encapsulated within the shell is isolated from the external environment, reducing the risk of chemical reactions with other substances and improving the safety of the phase change element 440. The microcapsule structure can typically withstand multiple phase change cycles without losing its function, making the phase change element 440 economical and sustainable for long-term applications.

[0122] As one feasible implementation, the latent heat of phase change of the phase change element 440 is A, where A satisfies: A > 200 J / g.

[0123] For example, latent heat of phase transition refers to the large amount of energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase transition, such as a solid-liquid transition, while the temperature remains constant. This property is determined by changes in intermolecular / atomic bond energies and is related to the reorganization of the material's internal structure. Latent heat of phase transition determines the amount of heat a material can absorb during a phase transition.

[0124] The higher the latent heat of phase change, the more heat a unit mass of material can absorb or release during phase change. A latent heat of phase change greater than 200 J / g means that the phase change element 440 can absorb a large amount of heat during the phase change process. This is crucial for rapidly reducing smoke temperature and minimizing the effects of thermal runaway. The phase change element 440 with a high latent heat of phase change can provide a significant cooling effect within a small volume, which is particularly important for exhaust structures with limited space.

[0125] By absorbing a large amount of heat, the phase change element 440 with high latent heat of phase change can effectively reduce the temperature of high-temperature smoke in the exhaust structure, promote the condensation of high-temperature smoke, and thus promote the adsorption of high-temperature smoke and condensed particles by the adsorbent element 450, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the entire exhaust structure.

[0126] As one feasible implementation, the phase change temperature of the phase change element 440 is B, where B satisfies: 80℃≤B≤150℃.

[0127] For example, taking lithium-ion batteries, the normal operating temperature range of a lithium-ion battery pack is typically -20 to 50°C. Lithium-ion battery electrolytes usually use carbonate-based organic solvents. The boiling point of ordinary carbonate electrolytes is approximately 80-170°C.

[0128] The phase change temperature of the phase change element 440 is selected to be slightly higher than the normal operating temperature of the battery pack and lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte. A slightly higher phase change temperature ensures that the phase change element 440 remains stable under normal battery pack operating conditions and does not prematurely initiate the heat absorption process. This avoids consuming the heat absorption capacity of the phase change material during normal operation. A phase change temperature lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte allows visible smoke to condense at the phase change element 440. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the phase change element 440 does not directly contact the high-temperature smoke; it contacts the smoke through the wall of the separator tube 410. Considering energy loss, the phase change temperature B of the phase change element 440 is between 80-150°C in this embodiment. This allows the phase change element 440 to promote the condensation of certain components in the smoke. Smoke typically consists of gases and suspended particles, some of which may condense into droplets as the temperature decreases. This condensation helps reduce the visibility and volume of the smoke.

[0129] As one feasible implementation, the material of the phase change element 440 includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

[0130] For example, inorganic hydrated salts possess latent heat of phase change and thermal conductivity. These materials absorb heat through dehydration during phase change.

[0131] Organic phase change compounds are thermally conductive and chemically stable.

[0132] Composite phase change materials combine the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, providing thermal conductivity and latent heat of phase change.

[0133] As one feasible implementation, inorganic hydrated salts include sodium sulfate decahydrate or sodium acetate trihydrate.

[0134] For example, sodium sulfate decahydrate Na2SO4·10H2O has thermal stability and a high latent heat of phase change.

[0135] Sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) exhibits high latent heat of phase change and cycling stability.

[0136] As one feasible implementation, organic phase change compounds include paraffins or fatty acids.

[0137] For example, paraffin wax is a commonly used organic phase change material, possessing thermal stability and a high latent heat of phase change. The phase change temperature range of paraffin wax can be adjusted by changing its carbon chain length.

[0138] Fatty acids possess high latent heat of phase transition and reversible phase transition processes. They are typically extracted from natural oils and fats, exhibiting good biodegradability and environmental friendliness.

[0139] As one feasible implementation, composite phase change types include paraffin and graphite composites or inorganic hydrated salt and porous substrate composites.

[0140] The mass ratio of paraffin wax to graphite is (30-50):(50-65);

[0141] The mass ratio of inorganic hydrated salt to porous substrate is (30-50): (50-60).

[0142] For example, graphite has high thermal conductivity, which can improve the thermal conductivity of paraffin. A paraffin to graphite mass ratio of (30-50):(50-65) exhibits good thermal conductivity and endothermic properties. The thermal conductivity of graphite can accelerate heat transfer during phase change processes and rapidly reduce the temperature of thermal runaway fumes.

[0143] Similarly, porous substrates have good thermal conductivity, which can improve the thermal conductivity of inorganic hydrated salts. When the mass ratio of inorganic hydrated salt to porous substrate is (30-50):(50-60), efficient heat transfer can be achieved. The porous substrate can be activated carbon, porous ceramics, etc.

[0144] As one feasible implementation, the porosity of the adsorbent 450 is P, where P satisfies: 70% ≤ P ≤ 80%.

[0145] For example, when the porosity P2 of the adsorbent 450 is in the range of 70-80%, the adsorbent 450 provides a larger specific surface area, which allows the adsorbent 450 to come into contact with more gaseous or liquid pollutants, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency.

[0146] With a porosity of 70%-80%, the adsorbent element 450 has sufficient internal space to accommodate and capture pollutant particles. This porosity reduces the risk of clogging, maintaining long-term adsorption performance and the material's effective lifespan. The lower clogging risk also simplifies maintenance and regeneration, reducing operating costs.

[0147] When the porosity of the adsorbent 450 is in the range of 70%-80%, the adsorbent 450 can maintain good mechanical strength. This porosity provides sufficient structural integrity to prevent the adsorbent 450 from deforming or breaking during use.

[0148] As one feasible implementation, the pores of the adsorption element 450 have a pore size C that satisfies: 2nm≤C≤100nm.

[0149] For example, the pore size of the adsorbent 450 is in the range of 2nm-100nm, which can effectively remove various pollutants from air and liquid, including gaseous pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.

[0150] The pore size range, from 2 nm micropores to 100 nm mesopores, covers a wide range of pore types, enabling the material to adsorb molecules and particles of various sizes. This porous structure is suitable for adsorbing small molecule gases such as hydrogen and methane, as well as larger molecules such as volatile organic compounds.

[0151] Optionally, C satisfies: 2nm ≤ C ≤ 20nm. Optionally, C satisfies: 20nm ≤ C ≤ 50nm. Optionally, C satisfies: 50nm ≤ C ≤ 80nm. Optionally, C satisfies: 80nm ≤ C ≤ 100nm.

[0152] Optionally, C can be 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, or 90mm.

[0153] As one feasible implementation, C satisfies: 20nm≤C≤70nm.

[0154] As one possible implementation, the adsorbent 450 includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, molecular sieve, porous metal, porous ceramic or porous foam.

[0155] For example, activated carbon fiber felt has an extremely high specific surface area and porous structure, enabling it to efficiently adsorb gaseous pollutants and organic compounds. Due to the microporous structure of the fibers, activated carbon fiber felt can rapidly adsorb and desorb pollutants.

[0156] Fiberglass wool felt has a fibrous structure that effectively captures airborne particulate matter and particles. Furthermore, it remains stable in high-temperature environments. In addition, fiberglass wool is resistant to most chemicals, making it suitable for chemical filtration and adsorption.

[0157] Molecular sieves are microporous materials with uniform pore size that can selectively adsorb molecules of specific sizes. They also exhibit high selectivity and adsorption capacity, effectively removing moisture and other impurities.

[0158] Porous metals possess highly developed pore structures, providing a large specific surface area, which helps improve adsorption capacity and efficiency. Metallic materials typically have good thermal conductivity, enabling porous metals to rapidly conduct heat, making them suitable for applications requiring thermal management, such as catalytic reactions and heat exchange systems. Porous metals generally exhibit high mechanical strength and structural stability, maintaining their shape and function under high pressure or mechanical stress.

[0159] Porous ceramics contain a large number of uniformly distributed micropores, providing a large specific surface area and enhancing their ability to adsorb pollutants from gases and liquids. At the same time, the high-temperature sintering process endows porous ceramics with high mechanical strength, maintaining structural stability even under high pressure and high temperature environments.

[0160] Porous foam has high porosity and adsorption capacity, enabling it to effectively capture and store gases or liquids. It is lightweight, flexible, easy to process and install, and its porous structure facilitates the rapid adsorption and release of heat or gases.

[0161] As one possible implementation, porous foam includes polyurethane foam or melamine foam.

[0162] For example, polyurethane foam has an open-cell structure, providing a large surface area that helps adsorb gaseous and liquid contaminants. At the same time, the softness and elasticity of polyurethane foam make it easy to process into various shapes and sizes to meet different application needs. In addition to its adsorption properties, polyurethane foam also has good cushioning and sound insulation properties, which can reduce noise during exhaust from the exhaust system.

[0163] The open-cell structure of melamine foam not only provides adsorption capacity but also sound absorption properties, reducing noise during exhaust. Furthermore, the natural fire-resistant properties of melamine foam make it safer to use in high-temperature environments, improving the safety of the adsorption component 450.

[0164] As one possible implementation, the adsorption element 450 includes fiberglass felt or melamine foam.

[0165] As one feasible implementation, the thickness of the adsorption element 450 is D, where D satisfies: 10mm≤D≤100mm.

[0166] For example, the thickness of the adsorbent 450 is within this range, ensuring sufficient adsorption capacity while maintaining a low pressure drop, thereby improving the overall adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent 450. Here, pressure drop refers to the decrease in pressure between the inlet and outlet of a fluid, such as air or water, when it flows through the adsorbent material due to the material's inherent resistance, such as pore structure, shape, and density.

[0167] Optionally, D satisfies: 10mm ≤ D ≤ 30mm. Optionally, D satisfies: 30mm ≤ D ≤ 50mm. Optionally, D satisfies: 50mm ≤ D ≤ 80mm. Optionally, D satisfies: 80mm ≤ D ≤ 100mm.

[0168] Optionally, D can be 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, or 70mm.

[0169] As one feasible implementation, D satisfies: 30mm≤D≤60mm.

[0170] As one feasible implementation, along the airflow direction perpendicular to the air passage 420, the distance between the outer peripheral wall of the partition pipe 410 and the inner peripheral wall of the pipe body 400 is E, where E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤5mm.

[0171] For example, a distance range of 1mm to 5mm facilitates the placement of sufficient phase change element 440 within the accommodating cavity 430, ensuring that the phase change element 440 can effectively exchange heat with the high-temperature smoke. Simultaneously, this range facilitates the placement and replacement of the phase change element 440, simplifying maintenance and operation.

[0172] Optionally, E satisfies: 1mm ≤ E ≤ 2mm. Optionally, E satisfies: 3mm ≤ E ≤ 4mm. Optionally, E satisfies: 4mm ≤ E ≤ 5mm.

[0173] Optionally, E can be 1.5mm, 2.5mm, 3.5mm, or 4.5mm.

[0174] As one feasible implementation, E satisfies: 2mm≤E≤3mm.

[0175] As one possible implementation, the air passage 420 can be in the shape of a straight tube, a spiral, or a curved tube.

[0176] For example, the straight-line design of the straight tube provides minimal flow resistance, reduces pressure drop, and increases airflow velocity. Due to its simple structure, the straight-tube channel is easy to clean and maintain.

[0177] The spiral design of the exhaust channel increases the airflow contact time by extending the airflow path. This allows for a longer airflow path within a limited space. The extended airflow path increases the contact time with the phase change element 440 and the adsorption element 450, thus improving purification efficiency.

[0178] The curved exhaust channel can flexibly adjust the airflow path according to space constraints and design requirements.

[0179] As one possible implementation, the air passage 420 includes a first section that extends along a first direction.

[0180] For example, the first segment extends along a first direction, which means that the main extension direction of the first segment is straight, ensuring that the airflow can pass through smoothly.

[0181] As one possible implementation, the air passage 420 includes a second section and at least two third sections.

[0182] Along the second direction, at least two third segments are set in sequence; at least two third segments extend along the first direction.

[0183] The second segment extends along the second direction; along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment.

[0184] The first and second directions intersect.

[0185] For example, each third segment extends along the first direction, providing the main airflow channel. At least two third segments are arranged sequentially to form a continuous airflow path.

[0186] The second segment extends along the second direction, serving as a connection and deflection point. It also provides a connection between adjacent third segments, allowing airflow to smoothly transition from one third segment to the next.

[0187] The first and second directions intersect, meaning the airflow changes direction between different segments. This design can be used to optimize the airflow path, increase the contact time, or change the speed and pressure of the airflow.

[0188] Through the cross-connection design, the airflow path within the channel becomes longer, increasing the contact time with the phase change element 440 and the adsorption element 450, thereby improving purification efficiency. Furthermore, the cross-design helps to evenly distribute the airflow, avoiding localized excessively high or low flow velocities.

[0189] As one possible implementation, the air passage 420 includes at least two fourth sections; the fourth section is a spiral section.

[0190] Along the first direction, at least two fourth segments are set in sequence.

[0191] For example, at least two spiral segments are arranged sequentially along the first direction to form a continuous spiral path. The spiral segments increase the contact time between the gas and the phase change element 440 and the adsorption element 450 by extending the airflow path, thereby improving adsorption and filtration efficiency. The spiral segment design allows for a longer airflow path within a limited space, making it suitable for space-constrained applications.

[0192] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a filter element disposed near the air inlet 500 of the air passage 420.

[0193] For example, the filter element can effectively remove larger particles and impurities entering the exhaust channel, preventing them from penetrating deeper parts of the exhaust structure. By removing large particles, wear on the subsequent phase change element 440 and adsorption element 450 is reduced, extending the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0194] Primary filtration prevents larger particles from accumulating in the system, reducing the risk of clogging and ensuring smooth airflow. By reducing the load of contaminants entering the system, filters help improve the efficiency of the entire exhaust system.

[0195] As one feasible implementation, the filter element is made of 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.

[0196] For example, 304 stainless steel possesses corrosion resistance, enabling it to withstand the erosion of various chemicals. Simultaneously, 304 stainless steel exhibits mechanical strength and durability, capable of withstanding high pressure and mechanical stress, making it suitable for harsh environments such as exhaust systems. Furthermore, 304 stainless steel maintains its mechanical properties and structural integrity under high-temperature conditions, and high-temperature fumes do not affect its normal use.

[0197] 316L stainless steel, containing molybdenum, possesses corrosion resistance. Simultaneously, it exhibits mechanical strength and durability, capable of withstanding high pressure and mechanical stress, making it suitable for harsh environments such as exhaust systems. Furthermore, 316L stainless steel maintains its mechanical properties and structural integrity under high-temperature conditions; high-temperature fumes do not affect its normal use.

[0198] As one feasible implementation, the filter element includes a screen with a mesh size of F, where F satisfies: 150 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

[0199] For example, 150-mesh to 600-mesh screens can effectively filter particulate matter of different sizes. This range allows for the filtration of particles ranging from larger to finer.

[0200] Optionally, F satisfies: 150 mesh ≤ F ≤ 250 mesh. Optionally, F satisfies: 250 mesh ≤ F ≤ 350 mesh. Optionally, F satisfies: 350 mesh ≤ F ≤ 450 mesh.

[0201] As one feasible implementation, F satisfies: 300 mesh ≤ F ≤ 450 mesh.

[0202] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing including the aforementioned venting structure.

[0203] As one feasible implementation, the battery pack housing includes a tray body 100, the tray body forming an exhaust channel; an exhaust structure is located in the exhaust channel; the two ends of the exhaust channel 420 of the exhaust structure are respectively connected to the exhaust inlet and exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel.

[0204] For example, when the battery module 200 experiences thermal runaway, it produces white smoke. The white smoke typically consists of gases, vapors, tiny droplets, and solid particles generated by internal chemical reactions within the battery module 200. These components scatter light, thus appearing white.

[0205] After the battery assembly 200 experiences thermal runaway, the white fumes enter the exhaust channel connected to the receiving cavity of the tray body. A phase change element 440 located within the exhaust structure cools the white fumes. The phase change element 440 exchanges energy with the wall of the separator tube 410, absorbing heat from the fumes and causing a temperature decrease. This cooling process may cause the liquid components in the fumes to condense, thereby reducing visible particles. The adsorbent 450 captures particles and droplets in the fumes through a physical adsorption mechanism, reducing their concentration in the airflow. Subsequently, the white fumes treated by the phase change element 440 and the adsorbent 450 become colorless gas and are discharged from the exhaust structure.

[0206] As one possible implementation, the pallet body 100 includes a side beam 110, which forms an exhaust channel.

[0207] As part of the structure, the edge beam 110 can effectively utilize space by forming an exhaust channel inside it.

[0208] As one possible implementation, the battery pack housing also includes a cover, which cooperates with the tray body 100 to form the battery pack housing and forms a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells within the battery pack housing.

[0209] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0210] Battery assembly 200,

[0211] The battery pack housing has a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery assembly 200.

[0212] Alternatively, the battery pack may include a venting structure.

[0213] The battery pack casing has interconnected openings and receiving cavities. The cover 300 closes onto the openings.

[0214] It is understood that since the battery pack of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure embodiment, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0215] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0216] It is understood that since the electrical equipment of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0217] The present application will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments as examples.

[0218] Example 1:

[0219] Battery pack: The battery pack is composed of 18650 lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 50Ah.

[0220] Both the tube body 400 and the partition tube 410 are stainless steel tubes. The diameter of the partition tube 410 is 20 mm, and the diameter of the tube body 400 is 40 mm. The length of both the partition tube 410 and the tube body 400 is 500 mm. The cavity 430 between the partition tube 410 and the tube body 400 is filled with sodium acetate trihydrate, which has a phase transition temperature of 58℃ and a latent heat of phase transition of 264 J / g.

[0221] The adsorption element 450 is made of melamine foam with a thickness of 20mm and is placed at the exhaust port.

[0222] Example 2:

[0223] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0224] Both the tube body 400 and the separator tube 410 are aluminum alloy tubes. The diameter of the separator tube 410 is 25 mm, and the diameter of the tube body 400 is 50 mm. The length of both the separator tube 410 and the tube body 400 is 400 mm. The cavity 430 between the separator tube 410 and the tube body 400 is filled with a composite phase change material of paraffin wax with a phase change temperature of 60℃ and a latent heat of phase change of 210 J / g and expanded graphite, with a mass ratio of 9:1.

[0225] The adsorption element 450 is made of activated carbon fiber felt with a thickness of 10mm and is placed at the exhaust port.

[0226] Example 3:

[0227] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0228] The tube body 400 and the partition tube 410 are spiral stainless steel tubes. The diameter of the partition tube 410 is 15 mm, the diameter of the tube body 400 is 35 mm, and the length of both the partition tube 410 and the tube body 400 is 600 mm. The cavity 430 between the partition tube 410 and the tube body 400 is filled with a composite phase change material of sodium sulfate decahydrate with a phase change temperature of 32℃, a latent heat of phase change of 251 J / g, and porous copper, in a mass ratio of 8:2.

[0229] The adsorption element 450 is made of porous aluminum foam with a thickness of 15mm and is placed at the exhaust port.

[0230] Comparative Example 1:

[0231] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0232] It uses a single-layer stainless steel tube with a diameter of 20mm and a length of 500mm, without phase change materials or adsorption materials.

[0233] Experimental Method: An overcharge experiment was conducted on the battery pack to simulate battery thermal runaway. A high-speed camera was used to observe the smoke outside the battery pack, and temperature sensors were used to record the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the interlayer tunnel.

[0234] Test method:

[0235] Smoke Observation: A high-speed camera was used to record the external smoke conditions of the battery pack during thermal runaway, including the time of smoke generation, concentration, and duration. Temperature Testing: Temperature sensors were used to record the temperatures of the exhaust inlet and outlet, as well as the surface temperature of the battery pack. Weight Testing: The weight of the adsorbent 450 was measured before and after the experiment, and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent 450 was calculated.

[0236] Table 1

[0237]

[0238] Referring to Table 1, in Comparative Example 1, the battery pack generated a large amount of white smoke during thermal runaway, which lasted for a long time. In Examples 1, 2, and 3, due to the use of a tube 400 forming a accommodating cavity 430 and an air passage 420, and the use of a phase change element 440 and an adsorbent 450, the smoke generated by thermal runaway was effectively cooled, the electrolyte vapor condensed into liquid, and was absorbed by the adsorbent material. No visible smoke was observed on the outside of the battery pack. Example 3 used a spiral air passage 420 and a composite phase change element 440, which had the lowest exhaust temperature and the largest weight gain of the adsorbent 450, indicating that it had good cooling and adsorption effects.

[0239] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment can effectively reduce the white smoke generated by battery pack thermal runaway, meeting practical application requirements. Experimental results show that this exhaust structure can reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke below the dew point of the electrolyte, causing the electrolyte vapor to condense into liquid and be absorbed by the adsorbent 450, thereby reducing smoke emissions. The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment has good application prospects and can effectively improve the safety of electrical equipment, such as electric vehicles, ensure the safety of occupants, and avoid causing panic.

[0240] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the utility models disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0241] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An exhaust structure, characterized in that, The exhaust structure is disposed in the exhaust channel of the battery pack housing, and the exhaust structure includes: The tube body (400) includes mutually separated air passages (420) and accommodating cavities (430), the air passages (420) being for through which exhaust gas flows, and the accommodating cavity (430) surrounding at least a portion of the outer periphery of the air passages (420). Phase change element (440) is located in the accommodating cavity (430).

2. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an adsorption element (450) located in the air passage (420).

3. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a partition tube (410), the accommodating cavity (430) is formed between the outer wall of the partition tube (410) and the inner wall of the tube body (400), and the air passage (420) is formed inside the tube (410).

4. The exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tube body (400) and the partition tube (410) are coaxially sleeved.

5. The exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tube body (400) has an air inlet (500) and an exhaust outlet communicating with the air passage (420). In the air passage (420), the adsorption member (450) is disposed near the exhaust outlet of the exhaust passage.

6. The exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of adsorbents (450) is multiple, and multiple adsorbents (450) are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the air passage (420).

7. The exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adsorption element (450) has a porous structure.

8. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes a support material, the phase change element (440) includes a phase change material, the support material and the phase change material form a granular structure, the granular structure is located in the accommodating cavity (430).

9. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes a housing located within the receiving cavity (430); The housing has a first cavity, and the phase change element (440) includes a phase change material located in the first cavity.

10. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The latent heat of phase change of the phase change element (440) is A, and A satisfies: A > 200 J / g.

11. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The phase change temperature of the phase change element (440) is B, and B satisfies: 80℃≤B≤150℃.

12. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The material of the phase change element (440) includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

13. The exhaust structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, The composite phase change type includes paraffin and graphite composite materials or inorganic hydrated salt and porous substrate composite materials; The mass ratio of the paraffin wax to the graphite is (30-50):(50-65); The mass ratio of the inorganic hydrated salt to the porous substrate is (30-50):(50-60).

14. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The porosity of the adsorbent (450) is P, wherein P satisfies: 70% ≤ P ≤ 80%.

15. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The pores of the adsorption element (450) have a pore size C that satisfies: 2nm≤C≤100nm.

16. The exhaust structure according to claim 14, characterized in that, The C satisfies: 20nm≤C≤70nm.

17. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The adsorption element (450) includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, molecular sieve, porous metal, porous ceramic or porous foam.

18. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The thickness of the adsorption element (450) is D, and D satisfies: 10mm≤D≤100mm.

19. The exhaust structure according to claim 18, characterized in that, The condition D satisfies: 30mm≤D≤60mm.

20. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Along the airflow direction perpendicular to the air passage (420), the distance between the outer peripheral wall of the partition pipe (410) body (400) and the inner peripheral wall of the pipe body (400) is E, and E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤5mm.

21. The exhaust structure according to claim 20, characterized in that, The condition E satisfies: 2mm≤E≤3mm.

22. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The air passage (420) is in the shape of a straight tube, a spiral, or a curved tube.

23. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The air passage (420) includes a first section that extends along a first direction; And / or, the air passage (420) includes a second section and at least two third sections; Along the second direction, at least two of the third segments are sequentially arranged; at least two of the third segments extend along the first direction. The second segment extends along the second direction; Along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment; The first direction and the second direction intersect.

24. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The air passage (420) includes at least two fourth sections; the fourth section is a spiral section; Along the first direction, at least two of the fourth segments are set sequentially.

25. The exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The exhaust structure also includes a filter element disposed near the air inlet (500) of the air passage (420).

26. The exhaust structure according to claim 25, characterized in that, The materials of the filter elements all include 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.

27. The exhaust structure according to claim 25, characterized in that, The filter element includes a screen with a mesh size of F, wherein F satisfies the following condition: 150 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

28. The exhaust structure according to claim 27, characterized in that, The condition F satisfies: 300 mesh ≤ F ≤ 450 mesh.

29. A battery pack housing, characterized in that, The exhaust structure includes any one of claims 1-28.

30. The battery pack housing according to claim 29, characterized in that, It also includes a tray body (100) having an exhaust channel; the exhaust structure is located in the exhaust channel; the two ends of the exhaust channel (420) of the exhaust structure are respectively connected to the exhaust inlet and exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel.

31. The battery pack housing according to claim 30, characterized in that, The pallet body (100) includes a side beam (110) that forms the exhaust channel.

32. A battery pack, characterized in that, include: Battery assembly (200); The battery pack housing according to any one of claims 29-31, wherein the battery pack housing is formed with a receiving cavity for receiving the battery assembly (200); Alternatively, the battery pack may include the venting structure as described in any one of claims 1-28.

33. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 32.

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