A high-altitude diffusion-based toxic gas safe discharge system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of toxic gas safety discharge systems based on high-altitude diffusion belongs to toxic gas safety discharge technical field, including gas collection module, conveying module and high-altitude discharge module connected by pipeline sequentially, gas mixer is arranged between the gas collection module and the conveying module;Extraction fan is provided in the conveying module;The top of the high-altitude discharge module is provided with adjustable diffuser;The system further includes an intelligent control unit, CO / H2S sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are provided at the gas mixer entrance, conveying pipeline and the adjustable diffuser;The intelligent control unit, CO / H2S sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and extraction fan are electrically connected.The utility model is to solve the technical problem that current chemical waste gas treatment device is difficult to effectively diffuse toxic gas and cannot effectively solve the stratification and deposition phenomenon caused by gas density difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of toxic gas safety emission technology, specifically relating to a toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial settings such as coal chemical and petrochemical industries, equipment like slag removers, ash water tanks, settling tanks, and vacuum flash evaporators often generate mixed gases containing low concentrations of CO, H2S, ammonia, and water vapor due to process reactions. Traditional treatment methods include: direct ground discharge, which leads to the accumulation of toxic gases at low altitudes, threatening personnel safety and easily triggering GDS alarms; local ventilation, which requires additional energy and is difficult to cover multiple dispersed emission points; and end-of-pipe purification, which uses adsorption / absorption devices for low-concentration gases, but is too costly. Existing technologies suffer from high safety risks, high maintenance costs, and poor system compatibility, necessitating an efficient and economical solution.

[0003] Traditional chemical waste gas treatment technologies have significant systemic shortcomings when dealing with multi-source dispersed toxic gases (such as CO, H2S, and NH3). In terms of collecting and mixing multi-source dispersed gas flows, traditional devices typically employ a "single-point, single-treatment" dispersed mode or simple series collection, relying on fixed gas collection hoods and localized exhaust systems. The installation location, suction speed, and negative pressure control are often not meticulously designed, making it difficult to effectively capture all escaping gases. Gas mixing largely depends on simple pipeline merging or static mixers, which cannot effectively address the challenges posed by differences in gas density (e.g., CO density 1.25 kg / m³). 3 With H2S density 1.39 kg / m³ 3 The stratification and deposition phenomena caused by these emissions not only reduce the efficiency of subsequent treatment but may also form explosive mixtures or corrosion hotspots within the pipeline. Regarding the stable diffusion and adaptability of high-altitude emissions, traditional technologies often employ emission towers of fixed height and structure, whose diffusion effects are highly dependent on natural meteorological conditions and lack intelligent adjustment mechanisms. Under low wind speeds or temperature inversion conditions, flue gas is difficult to diffuse effectively, easily leading to excessive ground concentrations, causing environmental degradation and safety risks (such as false GDS alarms). Furthermore, existing emission towers generally lack efficient anti-condensation designs; under high temperature and humidity conditions, condensate accumulation not only exacerbates equipment corrosion but may also clog pipelines, increasing system operational risks.

[0004] These defects not only reduce the effectiveness of waste gas treatment, leading to frequent false alarms in the GDS system, increased risk of poisoning to operators due to the accumulation of toxic gases on site, and large emission fluctuations causing the concentration at the plant boundary to exceed the standard, but also result in high investment costs and high operating energy consumption due to the independent operation of each unit and lack of coordination, thus restricting the level of environmental protection and safe production in the chemical industry. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a safe emission system for toxic gases based on high-altitude diffusion, so as to solve the technical problems that existing chemical waste gas treatment devices are unable to effectively diffuse toxic gases and cannot effectively solve the stratification and deposition phenomena caused by gas density differences.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a safe emission system for toxic gases based on high-altitude diffusion, comprising a gas collection module, a conveying module, and a high-altitude emission module connected sequentially by pipelines. A gas mixer is provided between the gas collection module and the conveying module. An exhaust fan is provided in the conveying module. An adjustable diffuser is provided on the top of the high-altitude emission module. The system also includes an intelligent control unit. CO / H2S sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are provided at the inlet of the gas mixer, the conveying pipeline, and the adjustable diffuser. The intelligent control unit, CO / H2S sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and the exhaust fan are electrically connected.

[0007] Preferably, the gas mixer is a venturi tube structure with spiral guide vanes in its internal channels.

[0008] Preferably, the conveying pipeline of the conveying module is installed at an inclination with an inclination slope of not less than 5°, and a drain outlet is set at the low point of the pipeline to connect to the ditch and the settling tank to prevent heavy gas from condensing and accumulating liquid.

[0009] Preferably, the inclined conveying pipe connection end is connected to a flange, and a graphite gasket is provided between the connection end and the flange.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustable diffuser is a louver structure driven by an electric actuator, and the intelligent control unit is configured to automatically adjust its opening angle according to the wind speed sensor signal: fully open to 90° when the wind speed is below 2m / s, and adjust to 30° when the wind speed is above 5m / s.

[0011] Preferably, the conveying pipeline is also equipped with an auxiliary heating device.

[0012] Preferably, the auxiliary heating device is an electric heat tracing device or a steam heat tracing device.

[0013] Preferably, the high-altitude emission module is an emission tower, and the tower body is a segmented prefabricated fiberglass cylindrical structure.

[0014] Preferably, an intelligent check valve is installed on the outlet pipe of the exhaust fan, and the intelligent control unit is configured to control the check valve to close within 0.2 seconds when a sudden drop in pipe pressure exceeding 30 kPa / s is detected.

[0015] Preferably, the gas collection module is made of corrosion-resistant fiberglass or stainless steel and is installed 0.5-1m above the gas generating equipment.

[0016] More preferably, the intelligent control unit adopts a PID adaptive algorithm to establish a closed-loop control model of fan speed and pipeline pressure, stabilizing pipeline negative pressure fluctuations within the range of -100Pa to -200Pa.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a safe emission system for toxic gases based on high-altitude diffusion. Through a sequentially connected structure of a gas collection module, a transport module, and a high-altitude emission module, a complete transmission channel from the pollution source to the atmospheric environment is formed. This path design first ensures that toxic gases are guided to high altitudes. According to the principles of atmospheric diffusion, the higher the altitude, the greater the wind speed and the stronger the turbulence, which is more conducive to the rapid dilution of pollutants. This fundamentally avoids the accumulation of toxic gases in areas with high human activity (near the ground) at the emission site, directly solving the problem of ineffective diffusion.

[0018] A gas mixer and an adjustable diffuser are configured and uniformly scheduled by an intelligent control unit to prevent stratification and deposition. The gas mixer, located after gas collection and before delivery, functions by forcibly mixing gas components of different densities mechanically or fluidly before the gas enters the delivery pipeline. This breaks the natural stratification tendency caused by density differences, forming a uniform gas-solid / gas-liquid mixture, thus preventing the deposition of heavy components in low-speed or stagnant areas of the pipeline. The adjustable diffuser, positioned at the top of the high-altitude emission module, intelligently adjusts the shape and dynamics of the emission flow based on real-time weather conditions. At low wind speeds, the opening is enlarged to reduce back pressure and promote gas diffusion; at high wind speeds, the angle is adjusted to maintain necessary outlet momentum, preventing premature sinking of flue gas due to wind influence, thus achieving optimal diffusion performance in any weather condition. These two components, positioned one after the other, ensure uniform inlet flow and efficient outlet flow, respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the Venturi effect generates negative pressure, enhancing gas turbulence; the spiral guide vanes apply centrifugal force, ensuring thorough mixing of gas components of different densities, effectively preventing toxic gases from stratifying within the pipeline due to density differences, ensuring uniformity in subsequent treatment or emission, and improving system reliability.

[0020] Furthermore, the inclined pipes and drain outlets utilize gravity to allow condensed droplets or particles in the pipes to automatically slide to the lowest point. Together with the drain outlets, the collected waste liquid is directed into the trench and settling tank, preventing the accumulation of heavy components that could clog pipes, corrode equipment, or cause safety accidents. This ensures the long-term stable operation of the system and reduces maintenance requirements.

[0021] Furthermore, graphite materials have good corrosion resistance and resilience, and can form an effective seal at flange connections, enhancing the sealing performance of the pipeline system. Especially when transporting corrosive and toxic gases, it can effectively prevent micro-leakage and improve the overall safety of the system.

[0022] Furthermore, the configuration intelligently adjusts the opening and closing angle according to wind speed, achieving full opening to promote diffusion at low wind speeds and reducing the angle to maintain outlet back pressure at high wind speeds, ensuring jet power and dilution effect, making gas emissions adapt to different meteorological conditions, ensuring the best diffusion and dilution effect at any wind speed, and avoiding plume washing or excessively high ground concentration.

[0023] Furthermore, electric or steam heat tracing devices supplement the heat of the conveying pipeline, maintaining the pipe wall temperature above the dew point of the waste gas components. This fundamentally prevents the high-temperature waste gas from condensing due to temperature drop during transportation, thus avoiding problems such as corrosion and blockage.

[0024] Furthermore, fiberglass is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and easy to process. Its segmented prefabrication facilitates transportation and on-site assembly, significantly reducing the risk of corrosion and maintenance costs of the tower, simplifying the construction process, and shortening the construction period. It is particularly suitable for dealing with corrosive gases and complex terrain.

[0025] Furthermore, the installation of intelligent check valves enables monitoring of pipeline pressure change rates. When the pressure drops sharply, it indicates that the fan may be malfunctioning or the pipeline may be ruptured. The check valve will then shut off rapidly, preventing gas backflow that could form an explosive mixture or cause toxic gas to flow back and endanger upstream equipment and personnel.

[0026] Furthermore, the stainless steel or fiberglass gas collection hood can resist corrosion from most chemical media, ensuring the long life and reliability of the gas collection module; when installed 0.5-1m above the gas generating equipment, it can effectively capture the escaping gas, efficiently collect toxic gases from the source, and reduce fugitive emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the toxic gas safety emission system of this utility model.

[0028] Among them: 1-Discharge tower; 2-Gas collection hood; 3-Gas mixer; 4-Exhaust fan; 5-Adjustable diffuser; 6-Ash water tank; 7-Settling tank; 8-Vacuum flash tank; 9-Slag remover; 10-Vacuum vent valve; 11-Liquid level regulating valve; 12-Auxiliary heating device; 13-Ditch; 14-Vent valve. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in Embodiment 1, a toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion is provided, comprising a gas collection module, a conveying module, and a high-altitude emission module connected sequentially by pipelines. A gas mixer 3 is provided between the gas collection module and the conveying module. An adjustable diffuser 5 is provided on the top of the high-altitude emission module. An exhaust fan 4 is provided in the conveying module. The exhaust fan 4 adopts backward-curved blades, increasing the efficiency to 82% (compared to 68% for traditional fans). The exhaust fan 4 is equipped with a variable frequency motor with an adjustment range of 30-100Hz. The equipment parameters of the exhaust fan 4 include: model: Y5-48, air volume: 5000m³ / h. 3The system has a capacity of 150℃ and an explosion-proof rating of ExdⅡBT4. CO / H2S sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are installed at the inlet of the gas mixer 3, the conveying pipeline, and the adjustable diffuser 5. The temperature sensor uses a Pt100 temperature probe, and the humidity sensor uses a capacitive humidity sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5℃ / ±2%RH. The control logic of the temperature and humidity sensors is to automatically increase the fan speed by 20% to accelerate the drainage of vapor when the humidity is >85% and the temperature is <dew point. The response mechanism of the CO / H2S sensor is to immediately alarm when CO >100ppm or H2S >20ppm is detected. The system also includes an intelligent control unit, which is electrically connected to the CO / H2S sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and exhaust fan 4. The intelligent control unit integrates a PID algorithm and a meteorological data interface, with a response time of <3 seconds. The conveying pipeline has the following design parameters: total length 200 meters, slope ≥5°, and an inner wall coated with a 50μm thick PTFE coating. The gas mixer 3 is a Venturi tube structure with spiral guide vanes inside its channels. The conveying module's conveying pipeline is installed at an incline with a slope of not less than 5°, and a drain port is provided at the lowest point of the pipeline, connecting to the trench 13 and the settling tank 7 to prevent heavy gas from condensing and accumulating liquid. The lowest point of the pipeline is the cone section of the discharge tower 1, where a level regulating valve 11 is installed to discharge the condensed liquid to the trench or settling tank through level control. The inclined conveying pipeline is connected to a flange at its connecting end, and a graphite gasket is placed between the connecting end and the flange. The inner wall of the inclined conveying pipeline is coated with a 50μm thick PTFE anti-corrosion coating, with a H2S corrosion resistance life of >10 years. The adjustable diffuser 5 is a louver structure driven by an electric actuator, and the intelligent control unit is configured to automatically adjust its opening angle according to the wind speed sensor signal: fully open to 90° when the wind speed is below 2m / s, and adjusted to 30° when the wind speed is above 5m / s. An auxiliary heating device 12 is also provided on the conveying pipeline. The auxiliary heating device 1 uses electric or steam heat tracing. The high-altitude emission module is an emission tower 1. The tower body of emission tower 1 is a segmented prefabricated fiberglass cylindrical structure. The replacement time for a single segment is less than 4 hours (compared to 72 hours for traditional concrete towers). The anti-corrosion coating ensures the pipeline requires no maintenance for 12 years. The equipment parameters of emission tower 1 include: each segment is 5m long, 35 meters high, 0.8 meters in diameter, and 12mm thick, made of fiberglass. An vent valve 14 is installed at the top of emission tower 1. An intelligent check valve is installed on the outlet pipe of the exhaust fan 4. The intelligent control unit is configured to close the check valve within 0.2 seconds when a sudden drop in pipeline pressure exceeding 30kPa / s is detected. The gas collection module uses a corrosion-resistant fiberglass or stainless steel gas collection hood 2, installed 0.5-1m above the gas generating equipment.The gas-generating equipment includes an ash water tank 6, a settling tank 7, a vacuum flash tank 8, and a slag remover 9. The top of the vacuum flash tank 8 is equipped with a vacuum venting valve 10.

[0032] The effects of Example 1 are as follows: the ground CO concentration decreased from 50 ppm to below 2 ppm, and the H2S concentration decreased from 10 ppm to 0.5 ppm, completely eliminating the risk of air poisoning in low-altitude air; the annual operation and maintenance cost was reduced by 1.2 million yuan (compared to traditional purification solutions); the system successfully coped with low wind speed (<1 m / s) and inversion layer conditions at night, and no concentration rebound occurred.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment 2 provides a high-altitude diffusion-based toxic gas safety emission system for large-scale coal chemical enterprises. The system is applied to the coal gasification unit of a 1.8 million-ton-per-year methanol project, and its specific configuration is as follows: The gas collection module uses a 316L stainless steel gas collection hood 2, installed 0.8m above the slag remover 9, maintaining a negative pressure of -150Pa; the gas mixer 3 is a Venturi tube structure with internal 304 stainless steel spiral guide vanes, allowing CO (density 1.25kg / m³) to be emitted. 3 ) and H2S (density 1.39kg / m³) 3 The mixing efficiency reaches 96%; the conveying pipeline adopts a 20° inclined design, and the inner wall is flame-sprayed with a 50μm thick PTFE coating. The drain outlet at the lowest point is connected to the settling tank 7; the exhaust fan 4 is a Y5-48 explosion-proof centrifugal fan (ExdIIBT4 grade), with a frequency conversion adjustment range of 30-100Hz; the high-altitude emission tower 1 is a segmented fiberglass structure with a total height of 35m, and the top is equipped with an electric louvered adjustable diffuser 5; the intelligent control unit integrates a PID algorithm (transfer function G(s) = 0.8 * (1 + 1 / (120s) + 20s)) and receives wind speed, temperature, humidity and gas concentration signals in real time.

[0034] The operational data of this embodiment shows that: the ground CO concentration decreased from 52ppm to 1.8ppm, and H2S decreased from 12ppm to 0.4ppm; the fan energy consumption decreased by 27%; the number of GDS false alarms decreased from an average of 470 times per day to 2 times; the system response time to sudden changes in wind speed was only 0.9 seconds, and the louver opening was automatically adjusted to 35° at a wind speed of 8m / s.

[0035] Example 3 This embodiment 3 provides a safe emission system for toxic gases based on high-altitude diffusion for use in vacuum flash evaporation units in the petrochemical industry. Specifically, to meet the gas treatment needs of a refinery's vacuum flash evaporation unit, the system configuration is adjusted as follows: the gas collection hood 2 is made of fiberglass and installed at a height of 1m above the equipment top; the gas mixer 3 is equipped with an ammonia flow channel to address the density difference (ammonia 0.771kg / m³). 3The stratification problem caused by the stratification was addressed by setting the slope of the conveying pipeline to 7° and using graphite gaskets to seal the flange connections. An electric heat tracing auxiliary heating device 12 was added, which automatically starts when the temperature is <5℃. An intelligent check valve was installed at the outlet of the exhaust fan 4, which closes within 0.18 seconds when the pressure drops sharply to 32kPa / s. The height of the emission tower 1 was optimized to 28m, and the adjustable diffuser 5 was linked to the meteorological station for control.

[0036] The effect of this embodiment is that the ammonia slip concentration is controlled at 3.8 mg / m³. 3 (Standard limit 15 mg / m²) 3 The H2S corrosion rate in the pipeline decreased to 0.08 μm / year; the investment payback period was 14 months, and the annual operation and maintenance cost was reduced by 1.28 million yuan; the fault diagnosis accuracy rate was 97% through 5G remote monitoring.

[0037] Example 4 This embodiment provides a multi-device collaborative processing system for the safe emission of toxic gases based on high-altitude diffusion: In a composite scenario encompassing an ash water tank 6, a settling tank 7, and a slag remover 9, a unified pipeline network with a total length of 480m is constructed, using segmented fiberglass pipes; the gas collection module is equipped with 6 collection points, with the negative pressure gradient at each point maintained at -180±10Pa; the gas mixer 3 adopts a multi-channel Venturi design to forcibly mix three heterogeneous gases; the intelligent control unit dynamically adjusts the fan speed based on data from each sensor (PID control accuracy ±8Pa); and the adjustable diffuser 5 automatically increases its opening to 85° under inverted weather conditions.

[0038] The effects of this embodiment are: saving 43% of pipeline materials compared to traditional split systems; the maximum ground-level concentration is always 30% lower than the limit of GB16297-1996; reducing hazardous waste generation by 18 tons per year; and the modular tower replacement time is only 3.5 hours per section.

[0039] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion, characterized in that, The system includes a gas collection module, a conveying module, and a high-altitude emission module connected sequentially by pipelines. A gas mixer (3) is provided between the gas collection module and the conveying module. An exhaust fan (4) is provided in the conveying module. An adjustable diffuser (5) is provided on the top of the high-altitude emission module. The system also includes an intelligent control unit. A CO / H2S sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor are provided at the inlet of the gas mixer (3), the conveying pipeline, and the adjustable diffuser (5). The intelligent control unit, the CO / H2S sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, and the exhaust fan (4) are electrically connected.

2. The toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas mixer (3) is a venturi tube structure, and its internal channel is equipped with spiral guide vanes.

3. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying pipeline of the conveying module is installed at an inclination with an inclination slope of not less than 5°, and a drain outlet is set at the low point of the pipeline to connect to the trench (13) and the settling tank (7) to prevent heavy gas from condensing and accumulating liquid.

4. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inclined conveying pipe is connected to a flange at the connection end, and a graphite gasket is provided between the connection end and the flange.

5. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable diffuser (5) is a louver structure driven by an electric actuator. The intelligent control unit is configured to automatically adjust its opening angle according to the wind speed sensor signal: fully open to 90° when the wind speed is below 2m / s, and adjust to 30° when the wind speed is above 5m / s.

6. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, An auxiliary heating device (12) is also installed on the conveying pipeline.

7. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The auxiliary heating device (12) adopts an electric heating or steam heating device.

8. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-altitude emission module is an emission tower (1), and the tower body of the emission tower (1) is a segmented prefabricated fiberglass cylindrical structure.

9. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, An intelligent check valve is installed on the outlet pipe of the exhaust fan (4). The intelligent control unit is configured to control the check valve to close within 0.2 seconds when a sudden drop in pipe pressure exceeding 30 kPa / s is detected.

10. A toxic gas safety emission system based on high-altitude diffusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection module uses a corrosion-resistant fiberglass or stainless steel gas collection hood (2), which is installed 0.5-1m above the gas generating equipment.

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