Interstage cooling structure for hydrogenation reactor of test device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of interstage cooling structure suitable for test device hydrogenation reactor, it includes be in tubular reactor for the hot material of upper catalyst bed layer flow down with cold hydrogen mixing and mix cold hydrogen mixer, cold hydrogen mixer includes by cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall and cold hydrogen mixing chamber top sealing plate, cold hydrogen mixing chamber bottom sealing plate between the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, cold hydrogen mixing chamber is built-in baffling baffle of enhanced cold hydrogen and hot material heat exchange.Cold hydrogen mixing chamber top sealing plate top is equipped with upper bed layer material collection cone surface, upper bed layer material collection cone surface is communicated with cold hydrogen mixing chamber by cold hydrogen mixer hot material inlet on cold hydrogen mixing chamber top sealing plate, cold hydrogen mixing chamber cold hydrogen injection inlet is equipped on cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall, cold hydrogen mixing chamber cold hydrogen injection inlet is communicated with the cold hydrogen injection pipe outside tubular reactor.This cold hydrogen mixer in the utility model can be installed between the two bed layers of whole tubular reactor upper and lower, and cooling effect and uniform distribution of material flow can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an interstage cooling structure suitable for hydrogenation reactors in experimental devices, belonging to the field of chemical reactor technology. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production equipment, fixed-bed reactors, if the reaction is significantly exothermic, such as hydrogenation reactors, are typically equipped with several catalyst beds. A certain amount of cold hydrogen is injected between the beds to raise the temperature of the material generated by the exothermic reaction and cool it down to near the inlet temperature of the catalyst in the next layer.

[0003] The mixing of cold hydrogen and hot materials is accomplished through a specialized device called a cold hydrogen tank. In China, cold hydrogen tanks for industrial reactors are generally purchased from foreign patented products. However, for the fixed-bed hydrogenation reactor in the experimental setup, due to the small diameter of the reactor tubes, it is impractical to completely imitate the cold hydrogen tank design of industrial reactors. Therefore, for the experimental reactor, to examine the temperature rise of the catalyst bed and to inject a certain amount of cold hydrogen between the catalyst bed layers to lower the material temperature, it is necessary to develop a relatively simple structural device that can simultaneously mix cold hydrogen and hot materials.

[0004] Since hydrogenation reactors are mostly operated under high temperature and pressure, designing the cold hydrogen mixer to be connected to the upper and lower catalyst loading sections via flanges would be relatively convenient in terms of processing and assembly. However, the large size of the high-temperature, high-pressure flanges results in significant heat dissipation. Given the catalyst loading and the heat generated by the reaction in the experimental setup, this could easily distort the exothermic data. Furthermore, flange connections increase the possibility of leaks, which is detrimental to the safe operation of the apparatus. While an integral tubular reactor offers good safety, designing a cooling structure between the catalyst beds is relatively difficult. Currently, most cooling structures simply use straight pipes with openings on both sides as cold hydrogen distributors. Although simple in form, this cannot guarantee cooling effectiveness or uniform material distribution. Therefore, developing a cold hydrogen mixer that can be installed between the upper and lower beds of an integral tubular reactor while ensuring both effective cooling and uniform material distribution is essential for ensuring the accuracy of experimental results and the safety of apparatus operation. This special structure is not only suitable for inter-section cooling quenching in the fixed-bed hydrogenation reactor of the experimental setup but can also be extended to material cooling and mixing in other similar situations. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an inter-stage cooling structure suitable for a hydrogenation reactor in a test device.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides an inter-stage cooling structure suitable for a hydrogenation reactor in an experimental device. It includes a cold hydrogen mixer located within a tubular reactor for mixing the hot material generated in the reaction with cold hydrogen. The cold hydrogen mixer comprises a cold hydrogen mixing chamber formed by the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall, a top sealing plate, and a bottom sealing plate. An upper bed material collection cone is located above the top sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. This upper bed material collection cone communicates with the cold hydrogen mixing chamber through a hot material inlet on the top sealing plate. A cold hydrogen injection port for the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is located on the cylinder wall of the cold hydrogen mixer and communicates with a cold hydrogen injection pipe outside the tubular reactor. A cold hydrogen flow outlet for the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is located on the bottom sealing plate.

[0007] Preferably, the hot material inlet of the cold hydrogen mixer has the same area as the material outlet of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the top and bottom of the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall are fixed between the upper and lower catalyst beds of the tubular reactor by the upper support ring and the lower support ring of the cold hydrogen mixer, respectively.

[0009] More preferably, the gap between the cylindrical wall of the cold hydrogen mixer and the inner wall of the tubular reactor should be as small as possible. The outer edge of the bottom sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber should form a seal with the inner wall of the reactor to prevent cold hydrogen from short-circuiting along the inner wall of the reactor.

[0010] Preferably, the hot material inlet of the cold hydrogen mixer includes a hot material baffle plate, which is connected to the upper bed material collecting cone surface via a mixing chamber inlet baffle plate connecting rod on its upper side.

[0011] More preferably, the area of ​​the hot material inlet of the cold hydrogen mixer is slightly smaller than the area of ​​the hot material baffle, and the hot material baffle is horizontally arranged.

[0012] Preferably, the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet is connected to the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle below it via a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle connecting rod, and the outer edge of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle is provided with a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle guide edge for guiding the material.

[0013] More preferably, the outlet baffle of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is horizontally arranged.

[0014] More preferably, the distance between the outlet baffle of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber and the bottom sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber should be sufficient to allow the gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber to have a certain flow velocity on the baffle, and the outlet baffle of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber should have a larger area as much as possible to provide more time to further enhance the gas-liquid contact heat transfer.

[0015] More preferably, the bottom of the cold hydrogen mixer is provided with a cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate. The cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate has distribution plate strip-shaped holes distributed on it. The two side walls of the distribution plate strip-shaped holes are provided with upwardly extending distribution plate overflow ring plates. Each pair of distribution plate overflow ring plates is provided with a distribution plate annular bubble cover. The outer edge of the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate has an upwardly extending distribution plate folded edge, which is higher than the distribution plate overflow ring plate. The top of the folded edge has an outward flare. The outer edge of the outward flare forms a seal with the inner wall of the reactor to prevent hydrogen from short-circuiting. The cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate must be kept horizontal.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the distribution disc's slotted holes is approximately 5-10 mm, and the height of the distribution disc's overflow ring plate is 10-20 mm, depending on the allowable residence time of the liquid on the distribution disc. All distribution disc overflow ring plates must be at the same height, meaning their upper edges are on the same horizontal plane. The number of distribution disc slotted holes depends on the inner diameter of the tubular reactor; as many as possible should be provided if conditions permit, to ensure uniform distribution of material flowing into the catalyst bed below. The distance between adjacent distribution disc slotted holes must ensure both convenient installation of the distribution disc's annular bubble cap and smooth flow of material from above into the collection trough between the two holes.

[0017] Furthermore, liquid accumulation troughs are formed between the adjacent distribution disc strip holes, and all liquid accumulation troughs are connected to a channel that runs through the overflow distribution disc of the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet, so as to ensure that the liquid level in the liquid accumulation trough rises at the same level and overflows evenly to the corresponding part of the catalyst bed below.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer edge of the distribution disc annular blister is provided with a downwardly extending distribution disc annular blister ring plate. The bottom edge of the distribution disc annular blister ring plate is slightly lower than the upper edge of the distribution disc overflow ring plate. A gap is provided between the inner wall of the distribution disc annular blister ring plate and the distribution disc overflow ring plate to facilitate liquid passage. A perforation is opened on the distribution disc annular blister ring plate to facilitate the passage of gaseous materials.

[0019] Furthermore, a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold is provided between the bottom sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber and the overflow distribution plate of the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet. The bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold extends to below the guide edge of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle plate, and a cold hydrogen mixer material outlet screen plate is provided at the bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold.

[0020] Furthermore, the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold is a frustum of a circle, and the diameter of its bottom sieve plate is 1 / 2 of the diameter of its top surface.

[0021] Furthermore, the outlet baffle of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is a circular plate concentric with the bottom outlet of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold. A gap is left between the baffle and the material manifold to allow material flow; the size of the gap is sufficient to allow for re-contact heat exchange between the gas and liquid as they pass through. The size of the holes on the screen plate at the material outlet of the cold hydrogen mixer depends on the material viscosity, ensuring smooth material passage while preventing the formation of impinging flows.

[0022] Preferably, the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is provided with a zigzag flow channel composed of multiple baffles, and the zigzag flow channel is provided with multiple sets of baffles to enhance the heat exchange between cold hydrogen and hot materials. The number of baffle sets depends on the inner diameter of the tubular reactor and the heat exchange requirements.

[0023] Preferably, an upper catalyst support plate is provided above the cold hydrogen mixer, and upper catalyst bed positioning support rods are distributed on the outer edge of the upper catalyst support plate. The top of the upper catalyst bed positioning support rods is fixed by a positioning support ring.

[0024] More preferably, the upper catalyst bed positioning support rod of the cold hydrogen mixer is provided with three or four rods.

[0025] Preferably, an upper positioning support ring for the catalyst bed is provided below the cold hydrogen mixer, the bottom of the tubular reactor is a bottom end cap, a lower positioning support ring for the catalyst bed is provided on the bottom end cap, a catalyst support plate for the bottom of the reactor is provided on the lower positioning support ring for the catalyst bed, the upper positioning support ring for the catalyst bed and the lower positioning support ring for the catalyst bed are connected and fixed by the two ends of a positioning support rod for the catalyst bed, and the catalyst bed is located between the upper positioning support ring for the catalyst bed and the lower positioning support ring for the catalyst bed.

[0026] More preferably, the catalyst bed positioning support rods are provided with three or four rods.

[0027] More preferably, each catalyst bed is equipped with a detachable thermocouple protection tube for the catalyst bed inlet and a thermocouple protection tube for the catalyst bed outlet.

[0028] The cold hydrogen mixer and material redistribution section is the core equipment for cooling the hot material flowing down from the upper catalyst bed, which has increased in temperature due to the absorption of reaction heat. It consists of four parts: an upper material collection section, a cold hydrogen mixing chamber, a material manifold, and a material overflow distribution plate. The upper material collection section is funnel-shaped, with the material flowing down the slope and entering the mixing chamber through the inlet, where it mixes with the injected cold hydrogen for cooling. The mixing chamber is a flat cylindrical tube that is closed on both sides and around the perimeter, except for the inlet, outlet, and cold hydrogen injection port. A hole slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the cold hydrogen pipe is opened in the cylinder wall at the connection point with the cold hydrogen pipe, ensuring smooth injection of cold hydrogen even with slight installation deviations. To prevent short-circuiting of cold hydrogen in the gap between the reactor inner wall and the cold hydrogen mixer outer wall, the size of this gap should be minimized during the manufacturing of the cold hydrogen mixer, and the outer edge of the bottom sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber should form a seal with the reactor inner wall. Below the mixing chamber inlet, a baffle plate with an area slightly larger than the inlet area is fixed by a connecting rod. Hot material flows down around the baffle plate and comes into lateral contact with cold hydrogen injected from the side. After mixing with the cold hydrogen, the hot material flows through a baffle channel formed by several baffles and four sets of baffles to enhance gas-liquid contact, finally exiting the mixing chamber from the bottom outlet. The baffles forming the baffle channel are welded to the top, bottom, and sides. When forming a closed space with the cylinder wall, a small opening is left in the top weld to allow gas to enter and balance the internal and external pressures. The baffle group used to enhance gas-liquid contact has its upper part welded to the top plate, its sides welded to the cylinder wall and channel baffles, and a strip-shaped opening between its lower edge and the bottom plate for gas-liquid material flow. The size of the strip-shaped opening is designed to allow material to pass through at a certain flow rate without causing upstream back pressure. A baffle plate, welded to the bottom plate at the front baffle outlet and to the cylinder wall (or channel baffle) and channel baffle on both sides, is installed. Its height is slightly higher than the height of the strip-shaped hole between the front baffle and the bottom plate, ensuring the liquid level submerges the strip-shaped hole. This guarantees gas contact with the liquid as it passes through the strip-shaped hole, thus enhancing gas-liquid contact heat transfer. The distance between the front and rear baffles is the same as the height of the strip-shaped hole in the front baffle. After several enhanced contacts, the gas and liquid flow out of the mixing chamber from the bottom outlet. A circular baffle with a guide edge around its perimeter is installed below the mixing chamber outlet, connected to the outlet by a connecting rod. Below the circular baffle, a funnel-shaped manifold with the outlet centered is installed. The lower edge of the guide edge of the circular baffle is close to the conical surface of the manifold, forming an annular gap, allowing for further enhanced contact between the gas and liquid materials. The inner diameter of the outlet at the bottom of the manifold can be designed as half the inner diameter of the reactor, and the outlet is equipped with a sieve plate with numerous small holes. Below the discharge sieve plate is an overflow distribution plate with circular perforations. The outer edge of the distribution plate has an upward-facing fold, the height of which is higher than the height of the overflow ring plate, ensuring that all liquid falling on the distribution plate enters the catalyst bed below through the overflow perforations. The upper edge of the fold has an annular outward extension, positioned between the lower support ring of the cold hydrogen mixer and the top positioning support ring of the catalyst bed below, forming a seal with the inner wall of the reactor. The distribution plate must be kept level. The number of annular perforations on the distribution plate depends on the inner diameter of the reactor, with a perforation width of approximately 5-10 mm.An overflow ring plate, 10-20mm high, is installed on both sides of the strip-shaped orifice. All overflow ring plates must be at the same height, meaning their upper edges are on the same horizontal plane. Above the overflow ring plates, an annular bubble cap, slightly wider than the strip-shaped orifice, is installed. The lower edge of the bubble cap is slightly lower than the upper edge of the overflow ring plate, and a certain gap is maintained between the inner wall of the bubble cap and the overflow ring plate to facilitate liquid passage. A certain number of strip holes are opened on the side of the annular bubble cap to facilitate the passage of gas and material. If the gas flows through the vent hole too quickly, it will be carried into the overflow annular strip hole before the liquid reaches the collection tank, causing uneven liquid distribution. In this case, the edge of the vent hole should protrude from the surface of the annular bubble cap and have an outward structure to prevent liquid from entering the vent hole. The distance between adjacent overflow annular strip holes must ensure that the upper bubble cap is easy to install while ensuring that the material flowing down from the upper sieve plate falls smoothly into the collection tank between the two holes. A channel penetrating the diameter of the distribution plate is provided to connect all collection tanks, ensuring that the liquid level in all collection tanks rises at the same level and overflows evenly to the corresponding parts of the catalyst bed below. The material flowing down from the cold hydrogen mixer is buffered and distributed by a perforated sieve plate before landing on a distribution plate. This prevents large flows from impacting the distribution plate and causing localized liquid inrush into the perforations, resulting in uneven distribution. Once the liquid level in the distribution plate rises to the upper edge of the overflow ring plate, it overflows the overflow ring plate and falls through the annular perforations onto several annular surfaces of the catalyst bed below, ensuring uniform distribution of the material within the catalyst bed.

[0029] The cold hydrogen mixer in this invention can be installed between the upper and lower beds of the integral tubular reactor, ensuring both cooling effect and uniform material distribution. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the inter-stage cooling structure for a hydrogenation reactor in an experimental apparatus provided by this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cold hydrogen mixer; Figure 3 This is a top view of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make this utility model more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides an inter-stage cooling structure suitable for a hydrogenation reactor in a test apparatus. It includes a cold hydrogen mixer 2 located within a tubular reactor 1 for mixing hot material flowing down from the upper catalyst bed with cold hydrogen. The cold hydrogen mixer 2 is positioned between adjacent catalyst beds. Above the cold hydrogen mixer 2 is an upper catalyst support plate 11. Positioning support rods 13 for the upper catalyst bed are distributed along the outer edge of the upper catalyst support plate 11. The top ends of the positioning support rods 13 are fixed by positioning support rings 12. Three or four positioning support rods 13 are provided. Below the cold hydrogen mixer 2, there is an upper positioning support ring 6 for the catalyst bed. The bottom of the tubular reactor 1 is a reactor bottom head 3, and a lower positioning support ring 10 for the catalyst bed is provided on the reactor bottom head 3. A bottom catalyst support plate 4 is provided on the lower positioning support ring 10. The outer edges of the upper positioning support ring 6 and the lower positioning support ring 10 are connected and fixed by the two ends of the catalyst bed positioning support rods 5. The catalyst bed is located between the upper positioning support ring 6 and the lower positioning support ring 10. There are three or four catalyst bed positioning support rods 5. Each catalyst bed layer is equipped with a detachable catalyst bed inlet thermocouple protection tube 7 and a catalyst bed outlet thermocouple protection tube 8.

[0034] like Figure 2As shown, the cold hydrogen mixer 2 includes a cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 formed by the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7, the top sealing plate 2-5, and the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. An upper bed material collecting cone 2-1 is provided above the top sealing plate 2-5, and the upper bed material collecting cone 2-1 is connected to the cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 through the hot material inlet 2-2 on the top sealing plate 2-5. A cold hydrogen injection port 2-9 is provided on the cylinder wall 2-7, and the cold hydrogen injection port 2-9 is connected to the cold hydrogen injection pipe 9 outside the tubular reactor 1. A cold hydrogen flow outlet 2-10 is provided on the bottom sealing plate 2-8. The hot material inlet 2-2 and the flow outlet 2-10 have the same area. The top and bottom of the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7 are fixed between the upper and lower catalyst beds via upper support rings 2-16 and lower support rings 2-14. The gap between the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7 and the inner wall of the tubular reactor is minimized, and the outer edge of the bottom sealing plate of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber must form a seal with the inner wall of the reactor. The hot material inlet 2-2 of the cold hydrogen mixer includes a hot material baffle 2-4, which is connected to the upper bed material collecting cone 2-1 via a mixing chamber inlet baffle connecting rod 2-3 on its upper side. The area of ​​the hot material inlet 2-2 is slightly smaller than the area of ​​the hot material baffle 2-4, which is horizontally positioned. The cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet 2-10 is connected to the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle 2-12 below it via a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle connecting rod 2-11. The outer edge of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle 2-12 is provided with a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle guide rail 2-17 for guiding the material flow. The cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle 2-12 is horizontally positioned. The distance between the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle 2-12 and the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber should allow the gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 to have a certain flow velocity on the baffle, and the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle 2-12 should have as large an area as possible to provide more time for enhanced gas-liquid contact heat transfer.

[0035] Below the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13 is provided. The bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13 extends below the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle guide edge 2-17. A cold hydrogen mixer material outlet screen plate 2-15 is provided at the bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13. The cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13 is a frustum of a circle, with the diameter of its base being half the diameter of its top surface. The cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle plate 2-12 is a circular plate concentric with the bottom outlet of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13. A gap is left between the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle guide edge 2-17 and the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold 2-13 to allow material flow. The size of the gap should allow for re-contact heat exchange when gas and liquid pass through. The size of the small holes on the material outlet screen plate 2-15 of the cold hydrogen mixer depends on the viscosity of the material. It is necessary to ensure that the material passes through smoothly while preventing the formation of impingement flow.

[0036] Below the material outlet sieve plate 2-15 of the cold hydrogen mixer, there is a material outlet overflow distribution plate 2-18. The material outlet overflow distribution plate 2-18 has distribution plate strip holes 2-20. The two side walls of the distribution plate strip holes 2-20 are provided with upwardly extending distribution plate overflow ring plates 2-21. Each pair of distribution plate overflow ring plates 2-21 is provided with a distribution plate annular bubble 2-22. The outer edge of the material outlet overflow distribution plate 2-18 of the cold hydrogen mixer has an upwardly extending distribution plate folded edge 2-19. The distribution plate folded edge 2-19 is higher than the distribution plate overflow ring plate 2-21. The top of the distribution plate folded edge 2-19 is provided with a folded edge extension edge 2-23. The folded edge extension edge 2-23 is placed between the lower support ring 2-14 of the cold hydrogen mixer and the upper positioning support ring 6 of the lower catalyst bed. The outer edge of the folded edge extension edge should form a seal with the inner wall of the reactor. The flared edge 2-23 should be approximately 5-10mm wide, and the overflow distribution plate 2-18 at the material outlet of the cold hydrogen mixer must be horizontal. The diameter of the strip-shaped holes 2-20 on the distribution plate should be approximately 5-10mm, and the height of the overflow ring plate 2-21 on the distribution plate should be 10-20mm. All overflow ring plates 2-21 on the distribution plates should be at the same height, meaning the upper edges of the overflow ring plates 2-21 on the same horizontal plane. The number of strip-shaped holes 2-20 on the distribution plate depends on the inner diameter of the tubular reactor; the more holes, the better, to ensure uniform distribution of material flowing into the catalyst bed below. The distance between adjacent annular strip-shaped holes 2-20 on the distribution plate should ensure both convenient installation of the annular bubble cap 2-22 on the distribution plate and smooth flow of material from above into the collection trough between the two annular strip-shaped holes. Adjacent distribution disc slots 2-20 form liquid accumulation troughs, all of which are connected to a channel penetrating the overflow distribution disc 2-18 of the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet. This ensures that the liquid levels in the accumulation troughs rise at the same level, overflowing evenly to the corresponding parts of the catalyst bed below. The outer edge of the distribution disc annular bubble cap 2-22 has a downwardly extending annular bubble cap ring plate. The bottom edge of the annular bubble cap ring plate is slightly lower than the upper edge of the overflow ring plate 2-21. A gap is provided between the inner wall of the annular bubble cap ring plate and the overflow ring plate 2-21 to facilitate liquid passage. Slots are formed on the annular bubble cap ring plate to facilitate the passage of gaseous materials. If the gas flow velocity through the vent is too high, the edge of the vent should protrude beyond the surface of the annular bubble cap and have an outward-spreading structure to prevent liquid from entering the vent.

[0037] The cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 is equipped with a zigzag flow channel composed of multiple baffles. Within this zigzag flow channel are multiple sets of baffle assemblies designed to enhance heat exchange between the cold hydrogen and the hot material. The number of baffle assemblies depends on the inner diameter of the tubular reactor and the heat exchange requirements. In this embodiment, the cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 is as follows... Figure 3As shown, the system includes baffles 2-6-1, 2-6-2, 2-6-3, 2-6-4, and 2-6-5. Baffles 2-6-1, 2-6-3, and 2-6-5 divide the cold hydrogen mixing chamber 2-6 into multiple spaces. The connections between baffles 2-6-1, 2-6-3, and 2-6-5 and the top sealing plate 2-5 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber are not completely welded together, leaving vent holes to balance the internal and external pressures. Both sides of baffle plate 1 (2-6-1) are connected to the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7. One side of baffle plate 2 (2-6-2) and baffle plate 4 (2-6-4) are connected to the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7. The two sides of baffle plate 3 (2-6-3) are connected to baffle plate 2 (2-6-2) and the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7, respectively. The two sides of baffle plate 5 (2-6-5) are connected to baffle plate 4 (2-6-4) and the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7, respectively. The flow deflector assembly consists of four groups: Group 1 includes a front deflector 2-6-6A and a rear deflector 2-6-6B; Group 2 includes a front deflector 2-6-7A and a rear deflector 2-6-7B; Group 3 includes a front deflector 3-6-8A and a rear deflector 3-6-8B; and Group 4 includes a front deflector 4-6-9A and a rear deflector 4-6-9B. One side of each of the first and second baffle groups is connected to both sides of the second baffle group 2-6-2, and the other side is connected to the cold hydrogen mixer wall 2-7; the two sides of the fourth baffle group are connected to the connection points of the fourth baffle group 2-6-4 and the third baffle group 2-7, respectively; the fourth and fifth baffle groups 2-6-5 are on the same side of the fourth baffle group 2-6-4; the third baffle group... One side is connected to baffle group 2-6-2. Baffle group 3, baffle group 2, and baffle group 3 2-6-3 are on the same side of baffle group 2-6-2, and baffle group 3 is located between baffle group 2 and baffle group 3 2-6-3. The other side of baffle group 3 is connected to baffle group 4 2-6-4, and baffle group 3 and baffle group 4 are located on both sides of baffle group 4 2-6-4. The space formed by the four baffles 2-6-4, the five baffles 2-6-5, the four baffle groups, and the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7 is connected to the material outlet 2-10 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. The space formed by the two baffles 2-6-2, the one baffle 2-6-1, the one baffle group, and the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7 is connected to the hot material inlet 2-2 of the cold hydrogen mixer, the cold hydrogen injection port 2-9 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, and the cold hydrogen injection pipe 9.

[0038] The top edge of the front baffle is welded to the top sealing plate 2-5 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, and its side wall is welded to the adjacent baffle or the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7. A strip-shaped hole is left between the bottom edge and the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. The area of ​​the strip-shaped hole must ensure that gas and liquid materials pass through at a certain rate without causing upstream pressure buildup. The bottom edge of the rear baffle is welded to the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, and its side wall is welded to the adjacent baffle or the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7. Its height is slightly higher than the height of the strip-shaped hole in the front baffle. The material flow channel formed by the baffle assembly is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the vertical flow channel area A formed by the baffles 2-6-6A / B, the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7, and the baffle 2-6-2, and the horizontal flow channel area B formed by the bottom edge of the baffle 2-6-6A, the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall 2-7, the baffle 2-6-2, and the bottom sealing plate 2-8 of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, should be similar. The spacing between the front and rear baffles should be such that the area of ​​the horizontal strip orifice formed by them is similar to the area of ​​the vertical strip orifice of the front baffle.

Claims

1. An interstage cooling structure suitable for a hydrogenation reactor in a test apparatus, characterized in that, Includes a cold hydrogen mixer (2) located within a tubular reactor (1) for mixing hot material flowing down from the upper catalyst bed with cold hydrogen. The cold hydrogen mixer (2) includes a cold hydrogen mixing chamber (2-6) formed by the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall (2-7), the top sealing plate (2-5) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber, and the bottom sealing plate (2-8) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. An upper bed material collecting cone (2-1) is provided above the top sealing plate (2-5) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. The surface (2-1) is connected to the cold hydrogen mixing chamber (2-6) through the hot material inlet (2-2) of the cold hydrogen mixer on the top sealing plate (2-5). The cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall (2-7) is provided with a cold hydrogen injection port (2-9) for the cold hydrogen mixing chamber. The cold hydrogen injection port (2-9) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber is connected to the cold hydrogen injection pipe (9) on the outside of the tubular reactor (1). The cold hydrogen mixing chamber material outlet (2-10) is provided on the bottom sealing plate (2-8) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber.

2. The inter-stage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top and bottom of the cold hydrogen mixer cylinder wall (2-7) are fixed between the upper and lower catalyst beds by the upper support ring (2-16) and the lower support ring (2-14) of the cold hydrogen mixer, respectively.

3. The inter-stage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Below the hot material inlet (2-2) of the cold hydrogen mixer, there is a hot material baffle (2-4), which is connected to the upper bed material collection cone (2-1) through the mixing chamber inlet baffle connecting rod (2-3) on its upper side.

4. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cold hydrogen mixing chamber material outlet (2-10) is connected to the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle (2-12) below it via the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle connecting rod (2-11). The outer edge of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle (2-12) is provided with a cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle guide edge (2-17) for guiding the material.

5. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the cold hydrogen mixer (2) is provided with a cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate (2-18). Distribution plate strip holes (2-20) are distributed on the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution plate (2-18). Upwardly extending distribution plate overflow ring plates (2-21) are provided on both sides of the distribution plate strip holes (2-20). Each pair of distribution plate overflow ring plates (2-21) is provided with a distribution plate annular bubble cap (2-22). The cold hydrogen mixer material outlet overflow distribution... The outer edge of the distribution plate (2-18) is provided with an upwardly extending distribution plate fold (2-19), which is higher than the distribution plate overflow ring plate (2-21). The top of the distribution plate fold (2-19) is provided with an outward fold edge (2-23), which is placed between the lower support ring (2-14) of the cold hydrogen mixer and the upper support ring (6) of the catalyst bed below. The outer edge of the outward fold edge (2-23) forms a seal with the inner wall of the reactor.

6. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold (2-13) is provided between the bottom sealing plate (2-8) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber and the overflow distribution plate (2-18) of the cold hydrogen mixer material outlet. The bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold (2-13) extends to below the flow guide edge (2-17) of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet baffle plate. A cold hydrogen mixer material outlet screen plate (2-15) is provided at the bottom of the cold hydrogen mixing chamber outlet material manifold (2-13).

7. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cold hydrogen mixing chamber (2-6) is equipped with a zigzag flow channel composed of multiple baffles, and the zigzag flow channel is equipped with multiple sets of baffles to enhance the heat exchange between cold hydrogen and hot materials.

8. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper catalyst support plate (11) of the cold hydrogen mixer (2) is provided above the cold hydrogen mixer. The upper catalyst support plate (11) of the cold hydrogen mixer is provided with positioning support rods (13) of the upper catalyst bed of the cold hydrogen mixer. The top of the positioning support rods (13) of the upper catalyst bed of the cold hydrogen mixer is fixed by the positioning support ring (12) of the upper catalyst bed of the cold hydrogen mixer.

9. The interstage cooling structure for the hydrogenation reactor of the experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cold hydrogen mixer (2) is provided with an upper positioning support ring (6) for the catalyst bed. The bottom of the tubular reactor (1) is the bottom end cap (3) of the reactor. The bottom end cap (3) of the reactor is provided with a lower positioning support ring (10) for the catalyst bed. The lower positioning support ring (10) of the catalyst bed is provided with a bottom catalyst support plate (4) of the reactor. The upper positioning support ring (6) and the lower positioning support ring (10) of the catalyst bed are connected and fixed through the two ends of the catalyst bed positioning support rod (5). The catalyst bed is located between the upper positioning support ring (6) and the lower positioning support ring (10).

10. The interstage cooling structure for a hydrogenation reactor in a test apparatus as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The catalyst bed is provided with a detachable catalyst bed inlet thermocouple protection tube (7) and a catalyst bed outlet thermocouple protection tube (8) respectively.

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