Coaxial centering auxiliary device for surveying instrument and coaxial positioning system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a surveying instrument coaxial centering auxiliary device and coaxial positioning system relates to surveying technical field, and auxiliary device includes centering mark body, and centering mark body is configured to set up in the top of below surveying instrument, and centering mark body bears and identifies feature, and the identification feature is configured to when below surveying instrument rotates, can identify the rotation center that identification feature defines through visual observation equipment and / or visual identification. The positioning system includes support, instrument installation position, surveying instrument coaxial centering auxiliary device, at least two pedestals, and the support is configured to at least partial structure erects on below surveying instrument, and instrument installation position is used to bear above surveying instrument, and auxiliary device sets up in the top of below surveying instrument, and the pedestal is used for bearing and independently adjusting the centering and leveling of surveying instrument respectively. The utility model can realize the accurate coaxial centering of two or more surveying instruments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of surveying and mapping technology, and in particular to a coaxial alignment auxiliary device and coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of surveying and mapping engineering, topographic surveying, engineering construction surveying, and cadastral surveying often require the simultaneous completion of multiple surveying tasks at the same control point. Examples include simultaneous measurement of plane coordinates and elevation, and parallel operations of data acquisition and result verification. The core technical requirements for surveying operations lie in "precise centering" and "leveling." The centering deviation is typically required to be no greater than 2 millimeters, and the leveling error is required to be no greater than ±10 arcseconds. This precision directly determines the consistency and reliability of the measurement data.

[0003] Traditional surveying operations are limited by technical equipment; a single control point can only be equipped with one surveying instrument on a tripod. When multiple surveys are required, the centering, leveling, measurement, and dismantling of the first instrument must be completed sequentially before the second instrument is re-set up and the entire process is repeated. This method is cumbersome and time-consuming.

[0004] To address the aforementioned efficiency bottlenecks, approximate solutions have emerged in the industry, such as the "fixed-connection rectangular frame solution." This solution uses a rectangular connecting frame to support both surveying instruments. The lower instrument achieves independent centering and leveling via a base, while the upper instrument is rigidly fixed to the connecting frame. Its positional accuracy depends entirely on the manufacturing precision and structural rigidity of the connecting frame itself. In practical applications, especially in complex terrain or under long-term stress conditions, the connecting frame is prone to stress deformation, causing the centering and leveling accuracy of the upper instrument to severely exceed limits, failing to meet the requirements of high-precision surveying standards. Therefore, this solution is only suitable for indoor or short-term light-load environments with lower accuracy requirements and is unsuitable for high-standard surveying scenarios such as precision engineering surveying and national-level control surveying.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology lacks a dedicated device that can ensure that two or more surveying instruments can achieve precise coaxial alignment and independent high-precision leveling at a single control point. This has become a key technical obstacle restricting the further improvement of the efficiency and quality of surveying operations. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coaxial alignment auxiliary device and coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and achieve accurate coaxial alignment of two or more surveying instruments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments, comprising: The center marker is configured to be positioned on top of the surveying instrument below; The centering marker carries an identification feature; The identification feature is configured such that when the surveying instrument below rotates, a rotation center defined by the identification feature can be identified by visual observation equipment and / or visual inspection.

[0008] Preferably, the identification feature is a composite pattern composed of multiple units with the same or different shapes and colors, and any two adjacent units are connected to each other.

[0009] Preferably, the centering marker includes a substrate and a marker layer attached to the substrate; the substrate is fixed to the top of the surveying instrument by adhesive bonding; the marker layer is magnetically adsorbed onto the substrate, and the identification feature is formed on the surface of the marker layer.

[0010] Preferably, the composite pattern is a plurality of mutually circumscribed circular patterns, and the colors of the plurality of circular patterns are not exactly the same.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the circular pattern is 2 mm.

[0012] This utility model also provides a coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments, including: Support components are configured such that at least a portion of the structure is mounted on the surveying instrument below; At least one instrument mounting position is provided on the support member to support the surveying instrument above; The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments as described above is located on top of the lower surveying instrument; At least two bases, each used to support and independently adjust the centering and leveling of the surveying instrument; The upper surveying instrument achieves coaxial alignment with the lower surveying instrument by aligning with the geometric rotation center indicated by the centering marker.

[0013] Preferably, the support member is a rectangular frame structure.

[0014] Preferably, it is used for coaxial positioning of two surveying instruments.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a tripod, with the support member disposed on the top of the tripod.

[0016] This utility model also provides a method for coaxial alignment of a surveying instrument, including: Step 1, completing the alignment and leveling of the surveying instrument below; Step 2: Place the coaxial alignment auxiliary device for the surveying instrument as described above on the top of the lower surveying instrument; Step 3: Drive the lower surveying instrument to rotate and identify a rotation center defined by the features; Step 4: Use the rotation center as the control point to center the surveying instrument above; Step 5: Level the surveying instrument above; Check the centering and leveling of the surveying instrument above. If it does not meet the requirements, repeat steps three through five until the centering and leveling meet the operational requirements.

[0017] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art: The core of this invention lies in providing an indirect method for transferring reference points for alignment. In a stacked instrument structure, the line of sight of the upper surveying instrument is obstructed by the lower instrument, preventing direct alignment with ground control points and hindering coaxial alignment. This embodiment transforms alignment of "aligning with ground points" to alignment of "aligning with the rotation center of the lower surveying instrument" by setting an alignment marker on the top of the lower instrument. When the lower instrument is aligned, leveled, and rotates around its vertical axis, the trajectory of any point on its top is a circle, while its rotation center is the only stationary point. By recognizing the visual dynamic effect of the feature during rotation, this stationary rotation center can be clearly defined, allowing the upper instrument to accurately align with this center, achieving coaxial alignment with the lower instrument and ground control points, fundamentally solving the alignment problem caused by obstructed viewpoints. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments and the surveying instruments mounted thereon in related technologies. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments and the surveying instruments thereon, as described in this embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the identification features in some embodiments of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Surveying instrument below; 2-Surveying instrument above; 3-Base; 4-Supporting component; 5-Tripod; 6-Center marker.

[0020] 101 - Surveying instrument below in related technologies; 102 - Surveying instrument above in related technologies; 103 - Base in related technologies; 104 - Support component in related technologies; 105 - Tripod in related technologies. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coaxial alignment auxiliary device and coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and achieve accurate coaxial alignment of two or more surveying instruments.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] First, some technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be introduced.

[0025] The terms "above" and "below" in "under surveying instrument" and "below surveying instrument" are relative. In the surveying environment applicable to this manual, whether multiple surveying instruments are set up or only two surveying instruments are set up, any two surveying instruments must be set up one above the other. The surveying instrument located above is defined as the upper surveying instrument, and the surveying instrument located below is defined as the lower surveying instrument.

[0026] Identification features can be pattern-specific or structural features.

[0027] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 This utility model provides a coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments, comprising: Centering marker 6 is configured to be positioned on top of the lower surveying instrument 1; The central marker 6 carries identification features; The identification feature is configured such that when the lower surveying instrument 1 rotates, a rotation center defined by the identification feature can be identified by visual observation equipment and / or visual inspection.

[0029] The core of this embodiment lies in providing an indirect reference transfer method for alignment. In a stacked instrument structure, the line of sight of the upper surveying instrument 2 is blocked by the lower surveying instrument 1, preventing direct alignment with the ground control point and hindering coaxial alignment. This embodiment transforms alignment of the "ground point" into alignment of the "rotation center of the lower surveying instrument 1" by setting an alignment marker 6 on the top of the lower surveying instrument 1. When the lower surveying instrument 1 is aligned, leveled, and rotates around its vertical axis, the trajectory of any point on its top is a circle, while its rotation center is the only stationary point. By recognizing the visual dynamic effect of the feature during rotation, this stationary rotation center can be clearly defined, allowing the upper instrument to accurately align with this center, achieving coaxial alignment with the lower instrument and the ground control point, fundamentally solving the alignment problem caused by line-of-sight obstruction.

[0030] In some embodiments, the identification feature is a composite pattern composed of multiple units with the same or different shapes and colors, and any two adjacent units are connected to each other.

[0031] When a single, simple pattern rotates, its center point may be difficult for the naked eye to pinpoint precisely. This embodiment creates a strong visual dynamic effect by designing a composite pattern composed of multiple adjacent units. As the pattern rotates, the human eye naturally associates the color and shape changes of adjacent units, forming a unified, dynamic visual flow. This visual flow rotates around a central point, making that central point, as the only stationary "singularity" in the entire dynamic system, highly prominent. This significantly reduces the subjective error and difficulty for the human eye to identify the center of rotation, thus enabling rapid and accurate centering even in complex outdoor environments.

[0032] Understandably, the shape of the unit is not limited to a circle; it can also be a square, triangle, rhombus, or other irregular shape. The term "connected" includes not only external tangency but also close proximity through sharing sides, partial overlap, or other means, as long as the combination can form a composite pattern with a clear center when rotated.

[0033] In some embodiments, the centering marker 6 includes a substrate and a marker layer attached to the substrate; the substrate is fixed to the top of the surveying instrument by adhesive; the marker layer is magnetically adsorbed onto the substrate, and identification features are formed on the surface of the marker layer.

[0034] This embodiment employs a separate magnetic design for the substrate and marker layer, offering significant practical advantages. First, the substrate is permanently fixed to the instrument via adhesive, ensuring the stability of the installation reference and avoiding positional errors caused by repeated pasting. Second, the marker layer can be easily removed and replaced, or different marker layers with different characteristics can be used for different tasks, greatly enhancing the flexibility and versatility of the device. The magnetic connection method is simple to operate, reliable, and not easily lost in strong winds in the field. This separate design also facilitates the maintenance or upgrading of the marker layer without replacing the entire device, reducing long-term operating costs.

[0035] More specifically, the substrate is a thin, circular iron sheet with a diameter of 2cm, and the upper part is a circular magnetic sheet with a diameter of 1cm.

[0036] In some examples, the connection between the label layer and the substrate is not limited to magnetic attraction; it can also be a snap-fit ​​connection, Velcro connection, or a pin-type insertion method. The substrate can also be fixed by bolting using the threaded holes on the instrument itself.

[0037] In other examples, the centering mark 6 can also be the structure of the surveying instrument itself or a pattern directly printed on the top of the surveying instrument. It is understood that the solution provided in this embodiment produces the centering mark 6 during the production of the surveying instrument, that is, the surveying instrument has the centering mark 6 after the product leaves the factory.

[0038] In some embodiments, the composite pattern is a plurality of mutually circumscribed circular patterns, and the colors of the plurality of circular patterns are not exactly the same.

[0039] A circle is a perfectly symmetrical isotropic shape, and multiple circumscribed circles form a highly centrally symmetrical composite pattern. The use of slightly different colors such as red, yellow, blue, and green leverages the human eye's high sensitivity to color contrast. As the pattern rotates, strong color transitions and dynamic visual persistence occur between the different colored rings. This color dynamic further amplifies the "static" effect of the center, allowing operators to instantly lock onto the target center using the instrument's centering observation device, significantly improving centering speed and the success rate on the first attempt.

[0040] In some examples, the colors of the circular patterns can be designed to be the same in pairs, alternating, or gradient. Alternatively, the pattern can be composed of concentric rings of different diameters and colors, creating a dynamic visual effect of rotation around a center.

[0041] In some embodiments, the diameter of the circular pattern is 2 mm. This size setting is the result of careful optimization. The 2 mm diameter matches the width of the crosshairs on the reticle of most surveying instruments' optical centering devices. If the pattern unit is too large, it will cover most of the centering device's field of view, affecting the accurate judgment of the center; if the pattern unit is too small, it will be difficult to clearly distinguish its color and shape at a certain observation distance, especially in poor lighting conditions. The 2 mm diameter ensures that the pattern has sufficient visual impact while not hindering the accurate judgment of the relative position of the crosshairs and the pattern center, which is one of the key guarantees for achieving high-precision centering with "deviation ≤ 2 mm and leveling error ≤ ±10". Of course, the diameter can be adaptively adjusted according to the magnification of the centering device and the observation distance. For example, a 3 mm diameter can be used when the observation distance is greater or the centering device magnification is lower; a 1.5 mm diameter can be used when extremely high precision is required and the observation conditions are good.

[0042] Example 2 This utility model also provides a coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments, including: a support member 4, at least one instrument mounting position, at least two bases 3, and the coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments in Embodiment 1. The bases 3 have alignment and leveling functions. The support member 4 is configured such that at least part of its structure is mounted on the lower surveying instrument 1. The instrument mounting position is set on the support member 4 to support the upper surveying instrument 2. The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments is set on the top of the lower surveying instrument 1. The bases 3 are used to support and independently adjust the alignment and leveling of the surveying instruments. The upper surveying instrument 2 achieves coaxial alignment with the lower surveying instrument 1 by aligning with the geometric rotation center indicated by the alignment marker 6.

[0043] This embodiment integrates the auxiliary devices into a complete operating system. The system achieves physical separation and spatial mounting of the upper and lower instruments through the support component 4, enabling independent operation. Crucially, the system combines two core functions: "coaxial alignment" and "independent leveling." The base 3 ensures that the leveling states of the two instruments do not interfere with each other, avoiding the accuracy loss caused by stress transmission in traditional rigid connections. The alignment auxiliary device solves the problem of accurate transmission of coaxial reference. These two components work together, allowing the system to retain the high precision characteristics of traditional single-instrument operation while achieving the high efficiency of parallel operation, thus enabling reliable application in high-standard scenarios such as national-level control surveying.

[0044] Understandably, the system can be expanded to support more than two surveying instruments. For example, the support component 4 can be designed as a multi-layer tower structure, with each layer supporting one instrument. The centering auxiliary device is installed on the top of each instrument located below it, thereby realizing the step-by-step coaxial centering and independent leveling of multiple instruments.

[0045] In some embodiments, the support member 4 is a rectangular frame structure.

[0046] This embodiment limits the specific structure of the support member 4. Of course, the support member 4 is not limited to a rectangle; it can also be a triangular, circular, or cross-shaped rigid frame. Its core function is to provide stable support across the instrument below, and any rigid structure that can achieve this function is within the scope of this embodiment.

[0047] More specifically, in some examples, the bottom surveying instrument is fastened to the top of the tripod 5 using conventional methods in the prior art, namely by screws and nuts. The bottom of the support 4 is a thin plate with a round hole, and the screw passes through the round hole of the thin plate. After the screw and nut fasten the bottom surveying instrument, the thin plate at the bottom of the support 4 is clamped and fixed. This structure is easy to operate and has low cost.

[0048] The frame dimensions of support component 4 are in the range of 40cm-45cm in width and 50-55cm in length.

[0049] It is important to note that the structure of support member 4 must not obstruct the path of the line of sight or the laser path used by the surveying instrument 2 for centering. In some examples, the sides and top of support member 4 are designed with a hollow structure.

[0050] In some embodiments, it is used for coaxial positioning of two surveying instruments.

[0051] This embodiment clarifies the most typical and efficient application scenario of this system—parallel operation of two instruments. For example, it could be a combination of a total station and a GPS receiver, simultaneously acquiring angular distance information and absolute coordinates; or two total stations of different accuracies performing synchronous measurements and data verification. This system compresses a process that originally required two independent setups, potentially exceeding 20 minutes in total, into a single setup completed within 8 minutes. This not only saves time but also fundamentally eliminates systematic errors caused by inconsistent benchmarks between the two setups, ensuring the spatiotemporal consistency of the data. This is of decisive significance for surveying projects with tight schedules or short observation windows.

[0052] Of course, the two surveying instruments can also be other combinations, such as a scanner and a camera, or a gravimeter and a measuring robot, to achieve synchronous acquisition of different physical quantities under a unified benchmark.

[0053] In some embodiments, the coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments also includes a tripod 5, with a support 4 disposed on top of the tripod 5.

[0054] It should be noted that the tripod 5, the base 3, and the surveying instruments can all adopt the existing structures, and this utility model does not make any improvements in this regard.

[0055] It should be noted that any type of surveying instrument can be selected, such as a surveying instrument with laser positioning function or a surveying instrument with optical centering observation device, etc.

[0056] Example 3 This utility model also provides a method for coaxial alignment of a surveying instrument, including: Step 1, completing the alignment and leveling of the lower surveying instrument 1; Step 2: Place the coaxial alignment auxiliary device of the surveying instrument according to Embodiment 1 on the top of the lower surveying instrument 1; Step 3: Drive the lower surveying instrument 1 to rotate and identify a rotation center defined by the features; Step 4: Use the center of rotation as the control point to center the upper surveying instrument 2; Step 5: Level the surveying instrument 2 above; Check the centering and leveling of the surveying instrument 2 above. If it does not meet the requirements, repeat steps three to five until the centering and leveling meet the operational requirements. Step two can be swapped with step one in terms of their order.

[0057] The core logic of this method lies in "bottom-up, step-by-step transfer, and independent adjustment." First, a precise benchmark is established for the lower surveying instrument 1. Then, the rotation center of the lower instrument is visualized using dynamic rotation, providing a non-contact, high-precision virtual centering point for the upper surveying instrument 2. The upper surveying instrument 2 uses this virtual point for centering and then eliminates its own tilt error through independent leveling. This method decomposes the complex spatial coaxiality problem into two relatively simple planar positioning and horizontal adjustment problems, and ensures final accuracy through iterative checks. The entire process is logically rigorous, minimizing the subjective judgment error of the operator, ensuring stable output of work results that meet specifications (centering deviation ≤ 2mm) even under different operators.

[0058] Furthermore, in step three, the rotation of the lower instrument can be achieved manually at a constant speed, or it can be controlled by a miniature electric rotating platform to achieve a more stable and uniform rotation, facilitating observation. In step four, the centering adjustment of the upper instrument can be done manually, or it can be integrated with a measurement robot with automatic target recognition and aiming functions in the future to achieve a fully automated centering process.

[0059] In some examples, the centering marker 6 is a structure independent of the surveying instrument. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to align the geometric center of the centering marker 6 directly with the center of the surveying instrument. It is sufficient to visually estimate a general position and then attach or attach the centering marker 6 to the top of the surveying instrument. It is only necessary to ensure that the centering marker 6 can cover the center of the surveying instrument, which greatly reduces the difficulty of operation.

[0060] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A coaxial alignment auxiliary device for a surveying instrument, characterized in that: include: The center marker is configured to be positioned on top of the surveying instrument below; The centering marker carries identification features; The identification feature is configured such that when the surveying instrument below rotates, a rotation center defined by the identification feature can be identified by visual observation equipment and / or visual inspection.

2. The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification feature is a composite pattern composed of multiple units with the same or different shapes and colors, and any two adjacent units are connected to each other.

3. The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering marker includes a substrate and a marker layer attached to the substrate; the substrate is fixed to the top of the surveying instrument by adhesive bonding; the marker layer is magnetically adsorbed onto the substrate, and the identification features are formed on the surface of the marker layer.

4. The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite pattern consists of multiple mutually tangent circular patterns, and the colors of the multiple circular patterns are not exactly the same.

5. The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the circular pattern is 2mm.

6. A coaxial positioning system for a surveying instrument, characterized in that: include: Support components are configured such that at least a portion of the structure is mounted on the surveying instrument below; At least one instrument mounting position is provided on the support member to support the surveying instrument above; The coaxial alignment auxiliary device for surveying instruments as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is disposed on the top of the lower surveying instrument; At least two bases, each used to support and independently adjust the centering and leveling of the surveying instrument; The upper surveying instrument achieves coaxial alignment with the lower surveying instrument by aligning with the geometric rotation center indicated by the centering marker.

7. The coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support component is a rectangular frame structure.

8. The coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments according to claim 6, characterized in that: Used for coaxial positioning of two surveying instruments.

9. The coaxial positioning system for surveying instruments according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a tripod, with the support member disposed on the top of the tripod.

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