Energy storage cabinet, energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage device and an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The energy storage cabinet comprises a cabinet body and a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer covering at least part of the surface of the cabinet body; the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer comprises a plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layer is 100-200 microns, thereby improving the fire-resistant and heat-insulating performance of the cabinet body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage devices typically consist of an energy storage cabinet and battery clusters, with the battery clusters housed within the cabinet. Each battery cluster comprises multiple battery packs, and each battery pack typically contains multiple battery modules.

[0003] During use, battery modules are prone to thermal runaway under conditions such as overheating, overcharging, and short circuits, which can lead to fires. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the fire resistance and thermal insulation performance of energy storage cabinets. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system.

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage cabinet is provided, the energy storage cabinet comprising:

[0006] Cabinet;

[0007] A fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer is provided, which covers at least a portion of the surface of the cabinet. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer includes a plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers is 100μm to 200μm.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the thickness of the plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers increases toward the side away from the cabinet.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the density of the plurality of fire-resistant insulation sublayers increases toward the side away from the cabinet.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the thickness direction, the density of the fire-resistant insulation sublayer on the side away from the cabinet is greater than the density on the side closer to the cabinet.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the thermal conductivity of the fire-resistant insulation layer is less than 0.05 W / (m·K).

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, at least a portion of the surface of the cabinet is roughened, and the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer covers the roughened surface.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the inner and outer surfaces of the cabinet are both covered with the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the energy storage cabinet further includes:

[0015] A high-temperature resistant protective layer covers the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the thickness of the fire-resistant insulation layer is 300 μm to 500 μm.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the fire-resistant insulation layer includes a base material, which includes at least one of polysiloxane resin and polybenzimidazole resin.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the fire-resistant insulation layer further includes a filler, the filler comprising at least one of nano-titanium dioxide and montmorillonite.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the fire-resistant insulation layer further includes an additive, which includes at least one of aluminum hypophosphite and red phosphorus masterbatch.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the cabinet is made of high-temperature resistant metal.

[0021] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage device is provided, the energy storage device comprising:

[0022] The aforementioned energy storage cabinet has a battery compartment.

[0023] A battery, which is located in the battery compartment.

[0024] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage system is provided, which includes the energy storage device described above.

[0025] The energy storage cabinet disclosed herein features a multi-layered fire-resistant and heat-insulating barrier formed by multiple fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers. In the event of a fire, the outermost fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer is the first to come into contact with the high temperature, absorbing some heat and slowing down the heat transfer inward through its own thermal resistance. The heat then passes sequentially through the inner fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers. Each sublayer absorbs and insulates some heat, reducing heat conduction to the cabinet. When a fire occurs outside the cabinet, it effectively blocks heat conduction to the equipment inside, slowing the rate of temperature rise within the cabinet and providing excellent heat insulation protection for the equipment. It also buys valuable time for emergency power outages and firefighting operations, significantly reducing the risk of equipment damage and fire losses.

[0026] Furthermore, excessively thin refractory insulation layers may not effectively block heat and are more prone to detachment after prolonged exposure or from scratches, while excessively thick refractory insulation layers may increase unnecessary costs and structural loads. This disclosure achieves this by making the thickness of the refractory insulation layers 100μm to 200μm, ensuring that each layer has sufficient insulation performance while maintaining the insulation advantages of a multi-layer structure within a controllable overall thickness.

[0027] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage cabinet provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the opening of an energy storage cabinet according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a cabinet with a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing a high-temperature resistant protective layer on a cabinet, which is provided as another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing a protective layer provided on a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] 10. Energy storage device; 20. High-voltage cable; 30. First power conversion device; 40. Second power conversion device; 100. Energy storage cabinet; 110. Cabinet body; 120. Storage compartment; 130. Fire-resistant insulation layer; 131. Fire-resistant insulation sublayer; 140. High-temperature protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0037] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0038] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0039] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0040] Because the energy people need is highly time- and space-dependent, in order to make rational use of energy and improve energy efficiency, it is necessary to use a medium or device to store one form of energy in the same way or by converting it into another form of energy, and then release it in a specific form of energy based on future application needs.

[0041] Currently, the generation of green electricity generally relies on solar, wind, and hydropower. However, wind and solar power are generally characterized by strong intermittency and large fluctuations, which can cause grid instability, insufficient power during peak demand periods, and excessive power during off-peak periods. Unstable voltage can also damage the power grid. Therefore, insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid capacity may lead to the problem of "wind and solar curtailment." Solving these problems requires energy storage. This involves converting electrical energy into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and storing it. When needed, this energy can be converted back into electrical energy and released. Simply put, energy storage is like a large "power bank," storing electrical energy when solar and wind power are abundant and releasing the stored electricity when needed.

[0042] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, this disclosure provides an energy storage device for use in an energy storage system. The energy storage device is equipped with a set of chemical batteries, which mainly use the chemical elements in the batteries as energy storage medium. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by the chemical reaction or change of the energy storage medium. Simply put, the electrical energy generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical batteries. When the use of external electrical energy reaches its peak, the stored electrical energy is released for use, or transferred to places with a shortage of electricity for use.

[0043] Current energy storage applications are quite widespread, including generation-side energy storage, grid-side energy storage, and consumption-side energy storage. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include:

[0044] (1) Large-scale energy storage power stations applied to wind power and photovoltaic power stations can assist renewable energy power generation in meeting grid connection requirements and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, energy storage power stations can achieve load matching of power in time and space, enhance the absorption capacity of renewable energy, reduce instantaneous power changes, reduce the impact on the power grid, improve the absorption of new energy power generation, and are of great significance in power grid system backup, alleviating peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation and frequency regulation.

[0045] (2) Energy storage containers applied on the grid side mainly function as peak shaving, frequency regulation and grid congestion relief. In terms of peak shaving, they can achieve peak shaving and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is low and releasing the stored electricity during the peak electricity load period, thereby achieving a balance between power production and consumption.

[0046] (3) Small energy storage cabinets applied to the electricity consumption side mainly function as self-consumption of electricity, peak-valley price arbitrage, capacity cost management, and improvement of power supply reliability. Depending on the application scenario, electricity consumption side energy storage can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, household energy storage devices, energy storage charging piles, etc., which are generally used in conjunction with distributed photovoltaics. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley pricing, by charging the energy storage system when the electricity price is low and discharging the energy storage system when the electricity price is high, peak-valley price arbitrage can be achieved, reducing electricity costs. In addition, industrial enterprises subject to two-part tariffs can use energy storage systems to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge during peak loads, thereby reducing peak power and the maximum demand declared, achieving the goal of reducing capacity charges. Household photovoltaics with energy storage can improve the level of self-consumption of electricity. Due to high electricity prices and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installations is driven. Given that photovoltaic power generation occurs during the day, while user load is generally higher at night, configuring energy storage can better utilize photovoltaic power, improve self-consumption levels, and reduce electricity costs. Furthermore, energy storage is needed in areas such as communication base stations and data centers for backup power.

[0047] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure Figure 1 The embodiments are illustrated using a shared energy storage scenario on the generation / distribution side as an example. The energy storage device disclosed herein is not limited to such a scenario.

[0048] This disclosure provides an energy storage system, comprising: a high-voltage cable 20, a first power conversion device 30, a second power conversion device 40, and the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 40 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 10 through grid connection. The energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, achieving peak shaving and frequency regulation, and stable grid operation; or, the wind power conversion device initially... Finally, it connects to the high-voltage cable 20. Under normal power generation conditions, the power output of the wind power conversion device is supplied to the power consumption side of the distribution network through the high-voltage cable 20. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in the energy storage device 10 to reduce the wind curtailment rate and improve the problem of new energy power generation consumption. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in the energy storage device 10 together with the high-voltage cable 20 in grid-connected mode to supply power to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving role of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid.

[0049] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 30 can be a photovoltaic power conversion device. The energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 20 between the user load and the user load. The power output by the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 10, which can respond in a timely manner to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails. Alternatively, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line congestion when the high-voltage cable 20 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0050] Optionally, the first power conversion device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic power conversion device, and the second power conversion device 40 may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device. The first power conversion device 30 and the second power conversion device 40 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0051] Optionally, the energy storage device 10 may include, but is not limited to, energy storage applications such as energy storage power stations, hydropower / thermal / wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, smart home systems, or temporary power supply systems, and may also be applied in multiple fields such as data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, and electric vehicles.

[0052] Optionally, the energy storage device 10 may include, but is not limited to, individual batteries, or battery modules, battery packs, battery clusters, power banks, energy storage cabinets / containers, and other battery integrated systems composed of individual batteries. The actual application form of the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure embodiment may be, but is not limited to, the listed products, and may also be other application forms. This disclosure embodiment does not strictly limit the application form of the energy storage device 10.

[0053] Optionally, the single cell can be, but is not limited to, at least one of cylindrical, prismatic, prismatic, or other shaped batteries. The single cell can be a rechargeable battery, meaning a single cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate its active materials and continue to be used. The single cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and this disclosure does not specifically limit its type.

[0054] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, taking the energy storage device 10, which includes an energy storage cabinet and a battery cluster, as an example, the cabinet body includes a cluster frame, a shell, and a cabinet door. Multiple receiving compartments 120 are formed by the cluster frame. The battery cluster includes multiple battery packs, each corresponding to a specific battery pack located in one of the multiple receiving compartments 120, and connected in series / parallel within the cabinet to form a battery cluster. The cluster frame typically includes a cluster frame frame and guide rails. The cluster frame frame has multiple receiving compartments 120, and each receiving compartment 120 is equipped with a guide rail connected to the cluster frame frame. The battery packs can be slidably installed in their corresponding receiving compartments 120 on the cluster frame via the guide rails.

[0055] The battery pack includes a battery housing and multiple battery modules. The battery housing includes a lower housing and a cover, with the cover fixedly / detachably connected to the lower housing to form a battery compartment. Multiple battery modules are located within the battery compartment. The battery compartment of the battery housing can hold at least one battery module, such as one, two, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more. The more battery modules there are, the higher the battery pack's capacity, thus making it easier to meet market demands. For example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the battery compartment of the battery box can accommodate two rows along the length X of the battery box and two columns along the width Y of the battery box, for a total of four battery modules.

[0056] Each battery module may include a pair of end plates arranged opposite each other along the cell arrangement direction, and multiple individual cells located between the pair of end plates. The multiple individual cells and the pair of end plates can be fixed by binding tools such as cable ties. The multiple individual cells are arranged along the length direction X of the battery box, and the multiple individual cells are connected by cell connecting pieces to realize series / parallel electrical connection between the multiple individual cells.

[0057] In this configuration, multiple individual cells are connected in series, with each cell connector connected to the electrode terminals of different polarities on two individual cells respectively; or, multiple individual cells are connected in parallel in pairs and then connected in series between the groups, with each cell connector first connected to the electrode terminals of the same polarity on two individual cells respectively, and then connected to the electrode terminals of opposite polarity on two other individual cells.

[0058] In one embodiment, such as Figures 2-5 As shown, the energy storage cabinet 100 includes a cabinet body 110 and a fire-resistant insulation layer 130, which covers at least a portion of the surface of the cabinet body 110. The fire-resistant insulation layer 130 includes a plurality of fire-resistant insulation sub-layers 131 in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the fire-resistant insulation sub-layers 131 is 100μm to 200μm.

[0059] The energy storage cabinet 100 disclosed herein has a cabinet body 110 with multiple fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers 131, forming a multi-layer fire-resistant and heat-insulating barrier. In the event of a fire, the outermost fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layer 131 first comes into contact with the high temperature, absorbs some heat, and slows down the heat transfer inward through its own thermal resistance. Then, the heat passes through the inner fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers 131 in sequence. Each fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layer 131 can absorb and insulate some heat, reducing the conduction of heat to the cabinet body 110. When a fire occurs outside the cabinet body 110, it can block the conduction of heat to the equipment inside the compartment, reduce the rate of temperature rise inside the cabinet body 110, provide good heat insulation protection for the equipment inside the compartment, and buy valuable time for emergency power outages and fire fighting and rescue, greatly reducing the risk of equipment damage and fire losses.

[0060] Furthermore, an excessively thin refractory insulation layer 131 may not effectively block heat and is more prone to detachment after prolonged exposure or upon impact, while an excessively thick refractory insulation layer 131 may increase unnecessary costs and structural load. This disclosure achieves this by making the thickness of the refractory insulation layer 131 100μm to 200μm, ensuring that each layer of refractory insulation layer 131 has sufficient insulation performance while also ensuring the insulation advantages of a multi-layer structure are achieved within a controllable overall thickness.

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, both the inner and outer walls of the cabinet 110 are covered with a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130. When a fire occurs outside the energy storage cabinet 100, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130 on the outer wall of the cabinet 110 can effectively block the transmission of high-temperature heat from the outside into the compartment, protecting the equipment inside from the impact of the external fire. Conversely, when a fire occurs inside the energy storage cabinet 100 or the equipment overheats, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130 on the inner wall of the cabinet 110 can prevent heat from spreading to the outside of the cabinet 110, reducing the impact on the surrounding environment and other equipment. For example, in an energy storage power station with multiple energy storage cabinets 100 arranged in a concentrated manner, if a fire occurs inside one of the energy storage cabinets 100, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130 on the inner wall of the cabinet 110 can control the fire and heat within that energy storage cabinet 100 as much as possible, preventing heat transfer to adjacent energy storage cabinets 100, preventing the fire from spreading and ensuring the safe operation of the entire power station. It is understood that, depending on actual needs, the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 may be applied only to the inner or outer surface of the cabinet 110, and this disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0062] In one embodiment, the thickness of the plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers 131 increases towards the side away from the cabinet 110. When an external fire occurs, the thicker outer fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 comes into contact with the high-temperature flame first. Therefore, the outer fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 needs to insulate against a higher temperature than the inner fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131. By making the outer fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 thicker, it can have better thermal resistance performance, absorb and block more heat, and slow down the rate at which heat is transferred to the inner sublayers. After the outer fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 blocks the heat, the relatively thinner inner fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 only needs to insulate against the relatively lower temperature heat, thereby relatively reducing the thickness of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130. It is understood that the thickness of the plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers 131 can also be the same, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0063] The thickness difference between two adjacent fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers 131 can be within 30%, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, etc.

[0064] In one embodiment, the density of the multiple fire-resistant insulation sublayers 131 increases towards the side away from the cabinet 110. The higher density areas exhibit better insulation performance. As the density of the fire-resistant insulation sublayers 131 increases towards the side away from the cabinet 110, it more effectively blocks heat transfer inwards. During a fire, the side closer to the high-temperature external area has a higher density, effectively preventing the rapid intrusion of high-temperature heat. As heat gradually transfers into the cabinet 110 and the temperature decreases, the density of the fire-resistant insulation sublayers 131 closer to the cabinet 110 becomes relatively lower. This allows them to continue blocking remaining heat without wasting material or increasing weight due to excessive density, providing more reliable insulation protection for the equipment inside the compartment. Simultaneously, the higher density of the outer fire-resistant insulation sublayers 131 not only provides better insulation but also enhances resistance to external impacts and reduces the erosion of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 by external environmental factors (such as ultraviolet radiation and chemical corrosion). When the energy storage cabinet 100 is impacted by an external object, the high-density outer layer can act as a buffer and protector, ensuring the integrity of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 and maintaining good heat insulation and fireproof performance. It is understood that the density of each region of the fire-resistant insulation sublayer 131 can also be the same, and this disclosure does not impose any limitation on this.

[0065] Among them, the density difference between the side of the fire-resistant insulation sublayer 131 away from the cabinet 110 and the side of the fire-resistant insulation sublayer 131 away from the cabinet 110 can be within 30%, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, etc.

[0066] In one embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 is less than 0.05 W / (m·K), such as 0.04 W / (m·K), 0.035 W / (m·K), 0.03 W / (m·K), etc., which ensures that the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 has good thermal insulation performance and can better prevent heat from being transferred through the cabinet 110.

[0067] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the surface of the cabinet 110 is roughened, and a fire-resistant insulation layer 130 covers the roughened surface. When the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 is applied to the roughened surface, the fire-resistant insulation material can better embed itself into the tiny grooves and protrusions of the roughened surface, forming a mechanical interlock, thereby greatly improving the bonding strength between the two. For example, after sandblasting the surface of the cabinet 110 to create a roughened surface, the bonding strength can be increased several times compared to a smooth surface. During long-term use, even when affected by factors such as vibration and temperature changes, the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 is not easily detached from the surface of the cabinet 110, ensuring the long-term stability of its heat insulation and fireproof performance.

[0068] Before applying fire-retardant coating to cabinet 110, the surface of cabinet 110 should undergo rigorous sandblasting or shot blasting to ensure a rust removal rating of Sa2.5. Simultaneously, chemical cleaning or solvent wiping should be used to thoroughly remove surface oil and impurities, improving the roughness and cleanliness of the cabinet 110 surface, enhancing the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, making the coating less prone to peeling off under high-temperature environments, and improving durability.

[0069] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the energy storage cabinet 100 may also include a high-temperature resistant protective layer 140, which covers the fire-resistant insulation layer 130. External environmental factors (such as ultraviolet radiation, chemical corrosion, etc.) can erode the fire-resistant insulation layer 130, leading to a decline in its performance. The high-temperature resistant protective layer 140 effectively blocks these environmental factors from affecting the performance of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130, maintaining its long-term stability in terms of heat insulation and fire resistance. Simultaneously, during daily use and transportation, the energy storage cabinet 100 may be subjected to various mechanical forces, such as collisions and scratches. The high-temperature resistant protective layer 140 possesses a certain strength and abrasion resistance, enabling it to withstand these mechanical damages and protect the underlying fire-resistant insulation layer 130 from damage. For example, at a construction site, the energy storage cabinet 100 may experience minor collisions with other construction equipment. The high-temperature resistant protective layer 140 can absorb and disperse these impacts, preventing the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 from cracking or detaching due to mechanical damage, ensuring that its heat insulation and fire resistance performance remains unaffected. Meanwhile, in outdoor environments, wind-blown sand and gravel may also cause wear and tear on the surface of the cabinet 110. The high-temperature resistant protective layer 140 can effectively resist this wear and tear and extend the service life of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer 130.

[0070] The high-temperature resistant protective layer 140 can be made of silicone resin, phosphate-based inorganic resin, polyimide, etc., and those skilled in the art can also select other materials, which are not limited in this disclosure.

[0071] In one embodiment, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 includes a base material, which includes at least one of polysiloxane resin and polybenzimidazole resin. Using resins with excellent high-temperature resistance, such as polysiloxane resin and polybenzimidazole resin, as the base material for the fire-retardant coating provides a high thermal decomposition temperature, stable chemical structure at high temperatures, and long-term stable operation at 200℃~300℃. This extreme chemical stability effectively enhances the heat resistance of the coating. Compared to traditional fire-retardant coatings, which are prone to chemical structure changes and expansion performance degradation at high temperatures, using these two resins as base materials ensures that the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 maintains the creep resistance of the cabinet 110 at high temperatures (e.g., up to 1500℃ inside the cabinet 110), allowing the cabinet 110 to maintain its strength below 1500℃, improving overall bending and compressive strength, and preventing localized collapse at high temperatures.

[0072] Furthermore, due to the diverse materials used in the cabinet 110, including steel and composite materials, the surface characteristics and coefficients of thermal expansion of different substrates vary. If the fire-resistant and heat-insulating coating is not well-suited to the substrate, it is prone to poor adhesion, reducing its fire resistance. The base material provided in this disclosure is not only resistant to high temperatures but also possesses excellent flexibility, adhesion, and chemical stability. Good adhesion helps improve the bonding strength with the cabinet 110, solving the problem of poor compatibility between traditional coatings and different substrates. Flexibility makes the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 less prone to cracking under temperature changes and mechanical forces. Chemical stability enables it to resist chemical corrosion, making it suitable for various complex environments and improving the overall performance and service life of the energy storage cabinet 100.

[0073] Among them, a novel high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating nanomaterial is prepared by using polysiloxane and inorganic silicone resin as hybrid film-forming materials and employing a dry / wet composite foaming process with nano-inorganic silicon, nanoparticles, and plastic materials. After high-temperature curing, it transforms into an inorganic / organic hybrid composite coating film, capable of forming a dense coating resistant to ultra-high temperatures on a metal substrate. Simultaneously, it forms nanopores at high / ultra-high temperatures (500℃-1500℃), thereby enabling highly efficient heat exchange between the substrate surface and oxygen and other gases in the air, achieving excellent heat insulation and fireproofing effects.

[0074] The refractory insulation sublayer 131 also includes fillers, including at least one of nano-titanium dioxide and montmorillonite. Nano-titanium dioxide has high reflectivity and low thermal conductivity, which can reflect and scatter heat, reducing heat transfer; montmorillonite has a layered structure, and other materials can be inserted between the layers to form a thermal barrier, hindering heat conduction. Adding them as fillers to the base material of the refractory insulation sublayer 131 can further reduce the overall thermal conductivity, improve the insulation effect, and compensate for the insufficient thermal insulation performance of traditional fireproof coatings, enabling the energy storage cabinet 100 to better maintain the low-temperature environment inside the cabin under high-temperature conditions. In addition, the fine nano-titanium dioxide particles can be evenly dispersed in the base material, playing a reinforcing and toughening role, improving the strength and toughness of the coating; the layered structure of montmorillonite can interact with the base material to form a network structure, enhancing the tensile and impact resistance of the coating, reducing damage to the coating caused by external forces during use, and improving the overall stability and reliability of the refractory insulation sublayer 131.

[0075] The fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 also includes additives, including at least one of aluminum hypophosphite and red phosphorus masterbatch. These additives not only improve the flame-retardant efficiency of the coating, but also promote the formation of a denser and more stable expanded char layer at high temperatures, enhancing the strength and heat insulation performance of the char layer, effectively preventing further heat transfer, and thus improving high-temperature stability. Specifically, aluminum hypophosphite decomposes at high temperatures to produce phosphoric acid, polyphosphite, and other substances, forming a glassy protective film that isolates oxygen and heat; red phosphorus masterbatch decomposes upon heating to produce phosphides, capturing free radicals during combustion and inhibiting the combustion reaction, giving the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer 131 stronger flame-retardant capabilities. Compared with traditional fire-retardant coatings, it can more effectively prevent the spread of flames, improve the fire safety of the energy storage cabinet 100, and buy more time for escape and rescue of equipment and personnel in the event of a fire.

[0076] As can be seen, this disclosure uses high-temperature resistant resins such as polysiloxane resin and polybenzimidazole resin as base materials, giving the fire-retardant coating excellent heat resistance. Even with prolonged operation and high temperatures generated by the equipment inside the prefabricated cabin, the coating maintains its structural integrity, effectively blocking heat transfer and providing reliable fire and heat insulation protection for the equipment. The addition of functional fillers such as nano-titanium dioxide and montmorillonite enhances the coating's heat reflection and insulation properties. Nano-titanium dioxide reflects a large amount of heat, reducing the surface temperature of the coating, while the layered structure of montmorillonite slows heat conduction; the synergistic effect of both significantly enhances the insulation effect. Simultaneously, the optimized intumescent flame-retardant system rapidly forms a dense, high-strength intumescent char layer upon contact with fire, effectively preventing flame spread and heat intrusion, significantly improving flame-retardant efficiency and constructing a robust fire barrier for the prefabricated cabin. The addition of functional fillers and special additives improves the coating's mechanical properties, significantly enhancing its anti-aging ability. During long-term use, the coating is not prone to cracking, peeling, or chalking. It can effectively resist the erosion of environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, salt spray, and humidity, ensuring long-lasting and stable fire resistance and reducing the cost and workload of frequent coating replacement. The combined effect of these three factors significantly improves the performance of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 in terms of heat insulation, fire resistance, and mechanical properties, overcoming the problem that traditional coatings have outstanding single properties but insufficient comprehensive performance, and meeting the stringent requirements of the energy storage cabinet 100 for high-performance fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials.

[0077] The thickness of the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 is 300μm to 500μm, such as 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 450μm, and 500μm. Compared to the thickness of traditional non-intumescent thick fire-retardant coatings (≥15mm), this thickness ensures that the multi-layer fire-resistant insulation sub-layers 131 have sufficient number of layers and material thickness to achieve efficient insulation, without placing excessive load on the cabinet 110 structure. Furthermore, compared to the low fire resistance limit of traditional intumescent fire-retardant coatings at thinner thicknesses, this multi-layer structure significantly improves fire resistance, achieving a good balance between insulation performance and structural load.

[0078] When forming the multi-layered refractory and heat-insulating sublayer 131, a thin-coat, multi-layer spraying method can be adopted, controlling the thickness of each coating and the spraying interval. For example, the thickness of each spraying layer is controlled between 100μm and 200μm. Ensure the coating is fully dried and cured (generally after an interval of 6-8 hours, ideally until it is not sticky to the touch) before applying the next layer. This avoids defects such as bubbles and cracks caused by excessively thick single sprays that prevent internal drying, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the coating and enhancing its ability to withstand high temperatures.

[0079] In one embodiment, the cabinet 110 is made of high-temperature resistant metal. Compared to traditional prefabricated containers that use various materials (some of which have poor high-temperature resistance), the high-temperature resistant metal cabinet 110 possesses excellent high-temperature resistance, allowing it to maintain its strength below 1500℃, improving its overall bending and compressive strength, preventing localized collapse at high temperatures, and making it less prone to deformation or damage. In the event of a fire or high temperatures generated during equipment operation, the high-temperature resistant metal cabinet 110 works in conjunction with the fire-resistant insulation layer 130 to resist high-temperature attacks, improving the overall high-temperature resistance and fire resistance of the energy storage cabinet 100.

[0080] Among them, high-temperature resistant metal materials can be, for example, nickel-chromium alloys, nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloys, stainless steel, etc.

[0081] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, include: Cabinet; A fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer is provided, which covers at least a portion of the surface of the cabinet. The fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer includes a plurality of fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating sub-layers is 100μm to 200μm.

2. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the multiple fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers increases toward the side away from the cabinet.

3. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the multiple fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayers increases toward the side away from the cabinet.

4. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the thickness direction, the density of the fire-resistant insulation sublayer on the side away from the cabinet is greater than the density on the side closer to the cabinet.

5. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal conductivity of the fire-resistant insulation layer is less than 0.05 W / (m·K).

6. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least a portion of the surface of the cabinet is roughened, and the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer covers the roughened surface.

7. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer walls of the cabinet are both covered with the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer.

8. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage cabinet also includes: A high-temperature resistant protective layer covers the fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer.

9. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the fire-resistant insulation layer is 300μm to 500μm.

10. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer includes a base material, which includes at least one of polysiloxane resin and polybenzimidazole resin.

11. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 10, characterized in that, The fire-resistant and heat-insulating sublayer also includes filler, which includes at least one of nano-titanium dioxide and montmorillonite.

12. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The refractory insulation sublayer also includes additives, which include at least one of aluminum hypophosphite and red phosphorus masterbatch.

13. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet is made of high-temperature resistant metal.

14. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: The energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cabinet body has a receiving compartment; A battery, which is located in the receiving compartment.

15. An energy storage system, characterized in that, Includes the energy storage device as described in claim 14.

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