A power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water quality analyzer power noise suppression module based on dynamic filtering, this module includes the noise suppression circuit and the voltage stabilizing output circuit of alternate charge and discharge, through setting two groups of super capacitor alternate work, while one group of capacitor discharges and supplies power for load, another group of capacitor charges, realizes the dynamic filtering and seamless switching of power, effectively absorbs and restrains the high -frequency noise in input power. The voltage stabilizing output circuit adopts buck -boost topology structure, guarantees super capacitor discharge voltage drop still can provide stable output voltage. At the same time, module sets up front end MCU control logic, real -time monitoring capacitor voltage state and control MOSFET conduction state, realizes the efficient intelligent scheduling to whole power system. The module compact structure, response is quick, the ability of anti -interference is strong, can improve the power stability of water quality analyzer under complex field environment significantly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power supply noise suppression technology, and in particular relates to a power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of environmental monitoring technology, water quality analyzers, as key equipment for real-time monitoring of the water environment, are widely used in various fields such as drinking water safety monitoring, wastewater treatment process optimization, and industrial emission supervision. As measurement accuracy, real-time performance, and remote deployment capabilities continue to improve, water quality analyzers place higher demands on the stability and anti-interference capabilities of their power supply systems. Especially in actual operating environments, such as wastewater treatment plants and industrial discharge outlets, the power supply system is often accompanied by frequent start-stop cycles of inductive loads and switching of high-power equipment, which can easily cause voltage fluctuations and high-frequency noise interference, thereby affecting the overall performance and data reliability of the instrument.

[0003] Traditional power supply anti-interference designs mostly employ isolated power modules or linear regulators to reduce noise interference. However, these solutions typically suffer from high cost, large size, and low efficiency, making large-scale deployment particularly difficult at distributed monitoring points where size and cost are critical. Furthermore, linear regulators struggle to maintain stable output under conditions of severe voltage fluctuations or large power supply ripple, further exacerbating measurement errors for low-level signals.

[0004] Regarding noise propagation paths, power supply noise can interfere with signal links through ground coupling, electromagnetic radiation, and other means, significantly impacting weak analog signals such as pH, conductivity, and current. This type of noise interference not only manifests as random jumps or slow drifts in data values ​​but can also trigger chain reactions such as false alarms and miscontrols by sensors, affecting the stable operation of the entire water treatment or water quality early warning system. Although existing electromagnetic compatibility standards (such as the IEC 61000-4 series) specify general anti-interference performance requirements, there is a lack of power supply noise suppression standards or engineering solutions specifically tailored to the measurement needs of water quality analyzers.

[0005] To meet the ever-increasing demands for water quality monitoring accuracy and on-site deployment reliability, there is an urgent need for a novel noise suppression technology that can effectively suppress power supply noise and improve the stability of the power supply system in complex electromagnetic environments. This would provide a stable and clean power supply for water quality analyzers, enhancing their overall performance and data reliability. This technological development not only relates to improving the performance of the analyzers themselves but also directly impacts the modernization of the environmental protection industry's overall automation level and regulatory capabilities. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering. This module suppresses power supply noise from both the hardware architecture and control logic levels, providing technical assurance for the reliable operation of the water quality analyzer in the field.

[0007] Specifically, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering includes a noise suppression circuit for connecting to a power supply, and a regulated output circuit connected to the noise suppression circuit for supplying power to the water quality analyzer. The noise suppression circuit includes two sets of supercapacitors for alternating charging and discharging, and a microcontroller for controlling the alternating charging and discharging of the two sets of supercapacitors. Each set of supercapacitors includes several supercapacitors and corresponding MOSFETs. The switching of the MOSFETs is used to switch the charging and discharging state of the corresponding supercapacitors. The microcontroller has a built-in voltage sampling circuit and a voltage comparison circuit for monitoring the voltage of each supercapacitor and for controlling the switching of the corresponding MOSFETs.

[0009] Preferably, the voltage monitoring of each supercapacitor in each supercapacitor group and the switching on / off of the corresponding MOSFET are handled by an independent microcontroller.

[0010] Preferably, each supercapacitor also includes a connected light-emitting diode branch for indicating the charging and discharging state of the supercapacitor.

[0011] Furthermore, the module also includes a protection circuit for controlling the connection and disconnection between the noise suppression circuit and the power supply; the protection circuit includes a relay disposed on the connection line between the noise suppression circuit and the power supply, and the opening and closing of the relay is controlled by the output signal of the microcontroller.

[0012] Preferably, the voltage stabilization output circuit adopts a Buck-Boost circuit to stably convert the output voltage into the fixed voltage required by the water quality analyzer.

[0013] This invention introduces a dynamic filtering architecture of alternating charging and discharging of supercapacitors, combined with a Buck-Boost circuit structure, to effectively absorb high-frequency noise and maintain stable output voltage at the hardware level, significantly improving the robustness of the power supply system to voltage fluctuations and high-frequency disturbances. Furthermore, at the software control logic level, it introduces a real-time monitoring MCU and dynamic MOSFET switching mechanism, providing microsecond-level response speed to ensure seamless switching between capacitor banks, preventing load voltage drops, and effectively improving system stability and the reliability of measurement data.

[0014] Compared to traditional solutions, this invention eliminates the need for bulky shielding devices or expensive isolation modules, resulting in a more compact and cost-effective overall circuit. It also facilitates integration into existing water quality analyzer hardware, significantly simplifying on-site deployment and subsequent maintenance, and enhancing its adaptability and scalability. Furthermore, it effectively protects the analog signal link from interference and fundamentally improves the practicality and reliability of the water quality analysis system in complex electromagnetic environments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a noise suppression circuit design provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit design provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0019] This embodiment provides a power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering. It addresses the problems of unstable instrument measurements and data distortion caused by power supply noise interference in existing technologies. It is particularly suitable for field scenarios with complex electromagnetic interference environments and unstable power supply conditions, such as sewage treatment plants and rural drinking water monitoring stations. The module mainly includes a noise suppression circuit and a voltage regulation output circuit. Its core lies in the use of a dynamic filtering system composed of supercapacitors. Through an alternating charge-discharge mechanism controlled by a front-end MCU, combined with the subsequent voltage regulation output circuit, a power supply system with fast response, stable output, low cost, and high reliability is constructed.

[0020] The noise suppression circuit is connected to the power output terminal and includes two sets of large-capacity supercapacitors. These supercapacitors absorb high-frequency noise at the power output terminal and serve as intermediate energy storage units. During operation, these two sets of supercapacitors alternately charge and discharge: when the first set of supercapacitors supplies power to the downstream end, the second set is charging; when the voltage of the first set of supercapacitors drops to a set threshold, the control circuit switches the second set to discharge and the first set to charge via a MOSFET, achieving seamless switching of the power supply path and effectively preventing sudden drops in load voltage.

[0021] To achieve the aforementioned dynamic switching process, an MCU control module is configured at the front end of the module to continuously monitor the voltage values ​​(SOC state) of the two supercapacitors and control the on and off states of the MOSFETs, ensuring precise timing and rapid, stable switching between capacitor banks. The MOSFETs are selected from SiC devices with low on-resistance and fast response speed, further reducing circuit losses and temperature rise, and improving system reliability.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the noise suppression circuit design provided in this embodiment. The circuit is directly connected to the power output terminal and is used to absorb high-frequency noise and provide intermediate energy buffer.

[0023] Specifically, Figure 1 The system comprises 10 identical supercapacitors, numbered C1 to C10 from top to bottom and left to right. Each supercapacitor has an independent control circuit, which consists of a supercapacitor, an LED, current-limiting and voltage-dividing resistors, a MOSFET, and an MCU control module. The MOSFET is the key switching element controlling whether the supercapacitor is connected to the output terminal; its conduction directly determines whether the group of capacitors participates in discharge. The LED serves as a status indicator for the discharge process, assisting in debugging and determining whether each supercapacitor is in a discharging state. The LED will only conduct and emit light when a supercapacitor forms a current path through the MOSFET and there is a significant voltage difference in that path.

[0024] After power-on, the MCU sets one group of supercapacitors (e.g., C1-C5) as the discharge group. At this time, the corresponding MOSFETs (Q1-Q5) in this group are turned on, allowing the supercapacitors to supply power to the load through their drain / source. Meanwhile, another group of supercapacitors (e.g., C6-C10) is set as the charging group, with its corresponding MOSFETs (Q8-Q12) in the off state, slowly charging the capacitors through the front-end current-limiting resistor. In this process, the first group of capacitors provides a stable output voltage and absorbs input ripple, while the second group completes energy storage.

[0025] As the first set of capacitors continues to discharge, its voltage will gradually decrease. When the MCU detects that the voltage is lower than the set operating threshold (e.g., 2.8V), it will immediately execute the switching logic. At this time, the control signal will turn off the first set of MOSFETs (Q1-Q5), while simultaneously turning on the second set of MOSFETs (Q8-Q12), achieving seamless switching of the output path. This allows the second set of capacitors to connect to the output terminal and begin discharging and supplying power, while the first set returns to the charging state. Because the MOSFETs have a μs-level switching response speed, and the system anticipates voltage change trends and switches accordingly, the entire process avoids sudden drops or fluctuations in load voltage, ensuring that the instrument's measurement circuitry remains in a stable power supply environment.

[0026] Each MCU (U1~U10) in each group may have built-in voltage sampling, voltage comparison, and drive logic functions to determine in real time whether the corresponding capacitor has reached the discharge condition and to perform switching control according to the MCU or master control signal. This module and the MOSFET form a tight drive closed loop, ensuring that each branch can be started and stopped independently under system scheduling and respond quickly.

[0027] After the supercapacitors discharge, their output pins (via the drain / source of the MOSFETs) converge to a unified output bus to supply power to the load. A voltage regulator circuit can be connected to the end of the output bus to adjust the output voltage to the voltage required by the load. In this embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit uses an existing Buck-Boost buck-boost topology. During the supercapacitor discharge process, since its output voltage decreases linearly with the amount of charge (e.g., from 5V to 2V), to avoid insufficient voltage on the load side, this embodiment uses a Buck-Boost circuit to stably convert the capacitor output voltage to a fixed voltage (e.g., 5V or 3.3V) required by the water quality analyzer.

[0028] To prevent damage to the capacitor or subsequent circuitry caused by abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, reverse connection, or current surges during power-on or operation, the module provided in this embodiment is also equipped with a protection circuit to provide electrical safety assurance during the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown, this protection circuit uses relay K1 as a power input control switch, combined with multi-stage clamping diodes, an MCU control interface, and a voltage divider network to form a fast-responding and simple protection scheme. In this circuit, relay K1 is a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) type, used to control whether the main power supply VCC is connected to the noise suppression circuit. When the entire power supply noise suppression module is first powered on or the MCU is in the initialization state, K1 is in the open state, and VCC is not connected to the load, thus preventing the supercapacitor from being overcharged or damaged due to instantaneous surge current under uncontrolled conditions. Only when the MCU confirms through control signals that the system state is normal and allows the capacitor to participate in power supply will it provide an effective level to the relay coil, causing K1 to close, and VCC to be conducted to the subsequent circuit to start charging or supplying power to the supercapacitor.

[0030] The protection circuit includes a four-pin interface P1 for connecting to an external MCU control module. This interface serves as the control center and signal channel for the entire protection circuit. The P1 interface includes system ground (GND), a 24V control power supply pin, a no-load (or spare) pin, and an MCU input control pin. The MCU controls the on / off state of the relay by outputting a high / low level signal from pin 1 of P1 (marked MCU_IN), thereby determining whether the supercapacitor is connected to the power supply.

[0031] In addition, to prevent the control signal line from floating or being falsely triggered, the MCU_IN pin is equipped with a voltage divider network consisting of pull-down resistors R30 and R36. This network stabilizes the input logic level, ensuring the relay remains open in non-control states and effectively preventing accidental activation that could cause power supply abnormalities. The capacitor protection circuit features a fast response and a reasonable structure. It not only enables soft-start management of the supercapacitor but also enhances the system's defense against electrical anomalies, providing crucial protection for the safe operation of the subsequent power filtering system.

[0032] To further enhance field adaptability, high-temperature stability and maintenance-free supercapacitor materials were selected, and the circuit board was designed to be corrosion-resistant and moisture-proof, adapting to the long-term operation requirements in complex field environments. The module is compact and can be directly embedded inside the main control board of the water quality analyzer, eliminating the need for additional complex filters or metal shielding boxes, significantly reducing system cost and integration complexity.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it; under the concept of this utility model, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this utility model as described above. For the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail; although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer based on dynamic filtering, characterized in that, The system includes a noise suppression circuit for connecting to a power supply, and a regulated output circuit connected to the noise suppression circuit for powering the water quality analyzer. The noise suppression circuit includes two sets of supercapacitors for alternating charging and discharging, and a microcontroller for controlling the alternating charging and discharging of the two sets of supercapacitors. Each set of supercapacitors includes several supercapacitors and corresponding MOSFETs. The switching of the MOSFETs is used to switch the charging and discharging state of the corresponding supercapacitors. The microcontroller has a built-in voltage sampling circuit and a voltage comparison circuit for monitoring the voltage of each supercapacitor and for controlling the switching of the corresponding MOSFETs.

2. The power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage monitoring of each supercapacitor within each supercapacitor group and the switching on / off of the corresponding MOSFET are all handled by an independent microcontroller.

3. The power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each supercapacitor also includes connected light-emitting diode branches to indicate the charging and discharging status of the supercapacitor.

4. The power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The module also includes a protection circuit for controlling the connection between the noise suppression circuit and the power supply; the protection circuit includes a relay disposed on the connection line between the noise suppression circuit and the power supply, and the opening and closing of the relay is controlled by the output signal of the microcontroller.

5. The power supply noise suppression module for a water quality analyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage stabilization output circuit uses a Buck-Boost circuit to stably convert the output voltage into the fixed voltage required by the water quality analyzer.

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