Positioning structure for printed wiring board drilling

Abstract

The application provides a positioning structure for drilling printed circuit board, which comprises a positioning card with a through accommodating slot, a slidable printed circuit board punching area, a punching assembly fixed thereon and a limiting assembly. The hook claw and the punching assembly slide and abut to define a first stroke; after calibration, the hook claw is released by the sliding base, and the drill bit enters a second stroke to complete the penetration. By the cooperation of the "accommodating slot-punching area" guidance and the "hook claw limiting-base releasing", the initial swing and deviation can be inhibited, the sensitivity to warping and thickness tolerance is reduced, the deviation and burr are reduced, the hole position accuracy, coaxiality and repeat consistency are improved, and the penetration after calibration is realized by pure mechanical, which is simple and robust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of printed circuit boards, and more particularly to a positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards. Background Technology

[0002] In PCB manufacturing, drilling is a critical process for forming through-holes, solder holes, and positioning holes. Common equipment typically includes a fixture or clamp for holding and guiding the circuit board, a linear drive mechanism for providing Z-axis feed, and a drill assembly with a rotary spindle. Existing solutions often involve placing the circuit board within the fixture's receiving area, using positioning holes / pins, edge positioning, or visual positioning to initially position the board, and then having the drill bit perform a single through-hole feed along the Z-axis.

[0003] However, the single-stroke through-hole mode is prone to insufficient hole position accuracy in the following situations: First, circuit board warping / thickness tolerances can cause slight deviations between the drill bit and the target hole position during initial entry; second, transmission chain clearance, spindle runout, fixture wear, and loose clamping can amplify accumulated errors during the initial entry stage; third, equipment vibration and tool deflection are more likely to induce "initial deviation" upon initial contact with the board surface, resulting in hole position offset, increased hole wall burrs, or low efficiency of repeated alignment. Due to the lack of segmented control of "calibrating before penetration," the process is often irreversible after the drill bit has entered the hole, and insufficient initial alignment can lead to batch scrapping or rework.

[0004] To address these issues, some existing technologies attempt to improve accuracy by increasing fixture rigidity, incorporating multi-point positioning hole arrays in the receiving area, introducing linear guides to stabilize translation, laying elastic pads on the support surface to buffer impacts, or using visual sensors for image alignment. However, these solutions still primarily rely on single-stage through-feed, lacking a coordinated mechanism for controlled sliding contact / calibration between the drill bit and the target drilling area within a short stroke range, followed by release before entering the through-feed phase. Furthermore, if the limiting and release actions lack effective coupling with the drill bit's axial feed, secondary offsets or inefficient repeated corrections may still occur during the through-feed phase.

[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a positioning structure that can simultaneously coordinate with the fixture's accommodating / guiding, the alignment of the positioning hole array, the smooth movement of the linear guide rail, and the buffer protection of the support surface. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards with precise positioning.

[0007] According to one aspect of this application, a positioning structure for drilling holes in a printed circuit board is provided, including a positioning plate, a circuit board, a drilling assembly, and a limiting assembly. The positioning plate has a receiving groove extending along its length; the circuit board has a drilling area slidably disposed within the receiving groove; the drilling assembly is fixed above the positioning plate and includes a drill bit structure and a first driving member for moving the drill bit structure along the drilling direction; the limiting assembly includes a pawl and a sliding base, the pawl slidably abutting against the drilling assembly and limiting the drill bit structure from falling to a first stroke; wherein, after the drill bit structure is aligned with the drilling area, the sliding base drives the pawl to disengage, allowing the drill bit structure to fall to a second stroke to complete the drilling.

[0008] In one specific embodiment, the drill bit structure includes a drill bit and a drive motor for driving the drill bit to rotate; the drilling assembly further includes a sliding plate, which is fixedly connected to the drive motor and is drively connected to the output end of the first drive member.

[0009] In one specific embodiment, the limiting component further includes a second driving member, the main body of which is fixedly disposed, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding base for driving the sliding base to move linearly along a direction parallel to the drilling direction.

[0010] In one specific embodiment, the limiting component further includes a rotating member, which is rotatably mounted on the sliding base via a rotating shaft; the hook is fixedly mounted on the rotating member; the second driving member drives the sliding base to move, thereby moving the rotating member and the hook as a whole, so that the hook disengages from or engages with the contact portion of the punching component.

[0011] In one specific embodiment, at least one sidewall of the receiving groove is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the receiving groove, and the position of each positioning hole corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board.

[0012] In one specific embodiment, at least one sidewall of the receiving groove is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the receiving groove, and the position of each positioning hole corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board.

[0013] In one specific embodiment, the sliding base is connected to the equipment base via a linear guide mechanism; the linear guide mechanism includes a guide rail and a slider, the guide rail is fixed to the equipment base, and the slider is fixed to the bottom of the sliding base and forms a sliding engagement with the guide rail.

[0014] In one specific embodiment, the length of the first stroke ranges from 1 to 3 mm, and the length of the second stroke ranges from 3 to 15 mm; the length ratio of the first stroke to the second stroke is 1:2 to 1:5.

[0015] In one specific embodiment, the drilling assembly further includes a vision sensor, which is fixedly installed on the side of the drill bit structure for acquiring images of the relative position of the drill bit tip and the drilling area of ​​the circuit board.

[0016] In one specific embodiment, an elastic gasket is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove. The elastic gasket is made of rubber or polyurethane material and has a thickness of 0.5-2mm. It is used to buffer the impact force of the drill bit on the circuit board during the drilling process.

[0017] Therefore, the positioning structure for drilling printed circuit boards in this application utilizes the sliding guide of the "accommodating groove - drilling area" and the two-stage stroke coordination of "claw limiting - sliding base release" to control the drill bit to fit and complete the alignment calibration in the first stroke, and then enter the second stroke to drill through the hole after confirmation. This can suppress the lateral swing and initial deviation of the drill bit when it first enters the hole, reduce the sensitivity to circuit board warping and thickness tolerance, reduce hole position deviation and hole wall burrs, improve hole position accuracy and coaxiality, enhance the consistency of repeated positioning, reduce the risk of scrap and rework, and achieve a control strategy of calibration before drilling through with pure mechanical cooperation, thus taking into account both structural simplicity and process robustness. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A front view of a positioning structure for drilling holes in a printed circuit board;

[0020] Figure 2 It is an integral structure of one side of a positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Axis 1 view;

[0023] Figure 5 This is the front view of the circuit board.

[0024] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0025] 200, Positioning plate; 210, Receiving groove; 220, Circuit board; 221, Drilling area; 300, Drilling assembly; 310, Drill bit structure; 410, First driving component; 330, Limiting assembly; 340, Claw; 350, Sliding base; 311, Drill bit; 320, Sliding plate; 360, Rotating component; 313, Abutting part; 212, Positioning hole; 230, Equipment base; 100, A positioning structure for drilling printed circuit boards. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 5One embodiment of this application provides a positioning structure 100 for drilling printed circuit boards, including a positioning plate 200, a circuit board 220, a drilling assembly 300, and a limiting assembly 330. The positioning plate 200 has a receiving groove 210 that extends through the plate along its length. The circuit board 220 has a drilling area 221 slidably disposed within the receiving groove 210. The drilling assembly 300 is fixed above the positioning plate 200 and includes a drill bit structure 310 and a first driving member 410 that drives the drill bit structure 310 to move along the drilling direction. The limiting assembly 330 includes a hook 340 and a sliding base 350. The hook 340 slides against the drilling assembly 300 and limits the drill bit structure 310 from falling to the first stroke. When the drill bit structure 310 is aligned with the drilling area 221, the sliding base 350 drives the hook 340 to disengage, allowing the drill bit structure 310 to fall to the second stroke to complete the drilling.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the drill bit structure 310 includes a drill bit 311 and a drive motor for driving the drill bit 311 to rotate; the drilling assembly 300 also includes a sliding plate 320, which is fixedly connected to the drive motor and is drively connected to the output end of the first drive member 410.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, the limiting component 330 further includes a second driving member, the main body of which is fixedly disposed, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding base 350 for driving the sliding base 350 to move linearly along a direction parallel to the drilling direction.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the limiting component 330 further includes a rotating component 360, which is rotatably mounted on the sliding base 350 via a rotating shaft; the hook 340 is fixedly mounted on the rotating component 360; the second driving component drives the sliding base 350 to move, thereby moving the rotating component 360 and the hook 340 as a whole, so that the hook 340 disengages from or engages with the abutment portion 313 of the punching component 300.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, a plurality of positioning holes 212 are provided on at least one side wall of the receiving groove 210. The positioning holes 212 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the receiving groove 210, and the position of each positioning hole 212 corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board 220.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, a plurality of positioning holes 212 are provided on at least one side wall of the receiving groove 210. The positioning holes 212 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the receiving groove 210, and the position of each positioning hole 212 corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board 220.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the sliding base 350 is connected to the equipment base 230 via a linear guide mechanism; the linear guide mechanism includes a guide rail and a slider, the guide rail is fixed on the equipment base 230, and the slider is fixed to the bottom of the sliding base 350 and forms a sliding engagement with the guide rail.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, the length of the first stroke ranges from 1 to 3 mm, and the length of the second stroke ranges from 3 to 15 mm; the length ratio of the first stroke to the second stroke is 1:2 to 1:5.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, the drilling assembly 300 further includes a vision sensor, which is fixedly installed on the side of the drill bit structure 310 and is used to acquire images of the relative position of the tip of the drill bit 311 and the drilling area 221 of the circuit board 220.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, an elastic pad is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove 210. The elastic pad is made of rubber or polyurethane material and has a thickness of 0.5-2mm. It is used to buffer the impact force of the drill bit 311 on the circuit board 220 during the drilling process.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the positioning plate 200 is a plate-shaped component with a receiving groove 210. The receiving groove 210 extends along the first direction D1 and communicates with both sides of the positioning plate 200. The circuit board 220 is placed into the receiving groove 210, and its drilling area 221 is opposite to the receiving groove 210 and can slide slightly along the first direction D1 to align the holes. The drilling assembly 300 is rigidly mounted above the positioning plate 200, and its interior is provided with a first driving component 410 for reciprocating feed of the drill bit structure 310 along the third direction D3 (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0040] The limiting component 330 includes a hook 340 and a sliding base 350. The hook 340 is located to the side of the drilling component 300 and forms a sliding contact with the outer guide surface of the drilling component 300. In the contact state, the hook 340 restricts the downward displacement of the drill bit structure 310, so that the drill bit structure 310 is only aligned and calibrated with the drilling area 221 of the circuit board 220 within the first stroke. After calibration is completed, the sliding base 350 drives the hook 340 to disengage from the contact with the drilling component 300, thereby releasing the limiting component and allowing the drill bit structure 310 to enter the second stroke to penetrate the circuit board 220 and complete the drilling (see...). Figure 3 The two-stage stroke described above can stably guide the device within a short stroke and complete the penetration after release, reducing initial deviation and improving hole position accuracy.

[0041] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drill bit structure 310 includes a drill bit 311 and a drive motor (denoted as 420, which can be directly used as a schematic identifier for the motor when not listed separately in the claims list, see...) Figure 2 The punching assembly 300 also includes a sliding plate 320, which is fixedly connected to the drive motor 420. The output end of the first drive member 410 is drively connected to the sliding plate 320 (for example, it can be a slider docking of a linear module or a fixed connection via a connecting rod, see...). Figure 3 This allows the drill bit 311 to feed in the third direction D3 and rotate under the drive of the motor 420 to cut, thus taking into account both axial alignment and cutting stability.

[0042] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the limiting component 330 further includes a second driving member (denoted as 430). The main body of the second driving member 430 is fixedly disposed (preferably fixed to the equipment base 230 or its rigid support, see...) Figure 2 The output end of the second drive unit 430 is fixedly connected to the sliding base 350. The second drive unit 430 drives the sliding base 350 to move along a straight trajectory parallel to the third direction D3, realizing the rapid switching of the hook 340 between the "limit" and "release" states. By fixing the main body of the second drive unit 430, the vibration caused by the additional load can be reduced, which is conducive to maintaining the accuracy of stroke repeatability.

[0043] Based on Examples 1-3, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the limiting assembly 330 also includes a rotating member 360, which is connected to a rotating shaft (denoted as 361, see...) Figure 3 The rotating member 360 is rotatably mounted on the sliding base 350. The hook 340 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the rotating member 360. When the second driving member 430 drives the sliding base 350 to move in a third direction, the rotating member 360 and the hook 340 move as a unit, causing the hook 340 to disengage from or engage with the abutment portion 313 on the punching assembly 300 (see...). Figure 3 (Enlarged schematic of part A). The abutment portion 313 can be a step or flange structure (illustrated as a rectangular boss) provided on the side of the punch assembly 300 to form a clearly defined limiting / release reference surface. This arrangement makes the limiting / release path short and clear, reducing the risk of false triggering and improving the controllability of the calibration phase.

[0044] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, at least one sidewall (shown as the near sidewall) of the receiving groove 210 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 212, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction D1. Each positioning hole 212 is designed to correspond to the design coordinates of the hole to be processed on the circuit board 220. During assembly, it can be quickly aligned using positioning pins or probes (positioning pins are not marked as components, but are only used to illustrate their usage). Through the correspondence between the hole array and the designed hole positions, alignment consistency can be maintained when switching products in batches.

[0045] This embodiment is the same as embodiments 1-5. At least one sidewall of the receiving groove 210 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 212 arranged at intervals along the first direction D1, and the position of each positioning hole 212 corresponds to the hole to be processed on the circuit board 220 (see...). Figure 2 , Figure 3 This embodiment is provided as a parallel and subordinate illustration to facilitate the reuse of the positioning hole array under different fixture specifications to maintain alignment accuracy.

[0046] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the sliding base 350 is connected to the equipment base 230 via a linear guide mechanism. The linear guide mechanism includes a guide rail 371 and a slider 372. The guide rail 371 is fixed to the equipment base 230, and the slider 372 is fixed to the bottom of the sliding base 350, forming a linear sliding fit with the guide rail 371. This guiding arrangement makes the movement of the sliding base 350 along the third direction D3 smoother, reducing the impact of lateral sway on the contact relationship between the hook 340 and the punching assembly 300, thereby improving the repeatability of the two-stage stroke switching.

[0047] Based on Example 1, the quantitative relationship of the two-stage stroke can be set as follows: the length range of the first stroke is, for example, 1 to 3 mm, the length range of the second stroke is, for example, 3 to 15 mm, and the length ratio of the first stroke to the second stroke is, for example, 1:2 to 1:5. The above numerical range is used to illustrate a feasible configuration and does not constitute a unique limitation; under this configuration, the first stroke provides sufficient guiding and calibration displacement without penetrating the plate, and the second stroke provides the effective cutting displacement required to complete the drilling, thereby ensuring sufficient calibration while taking into account processing efficiency.

[0048] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2As shown, the drilling assembly 300 also includes a vision sensor (denoted as 510). The vision sensor 510 is fixedly mounted on the side of the drill bit structure 310, and its field of view covers the tip area of ​​the drill bit 311 and the drilling area 221 of the circuit board 220. The vision sensor 510 is used to acquire images of the relative position of the drill bit tip and the drilling area (which can be displayed on an external display terminal, but the display terminal is not a necessary element and is not shown in the figure) to assist the operator in determining whether the calibration is in place; after determining that it is in place, the sliding base 350 triggers the release to enter the second stroke (see...). Figure 3 This configuration helps to correct for minor deviations in a timely manner, improving alignment reliability.

[0049] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an elastic pad 214 is laid at the bottom (denoted as 213) of the receiving groove 210. The elastic pad 214 can be made of rubber or polyurethane material, with a thickness of, for example, 0.5 to 2 mm. The elastic pad 214 is used to provide support and cushioning for the circuit board 220 during the penetration stage of the drill bit 311, reducing the instantaneous impact force and suppressing the generation of burrs on the back side. At the same time, it provides a small amount of compliance during the first stroke lightly touching the board surface to improve initial penetration stability.

[0050] It should be noted that during assembly, the guide rail 371 can be fixed to the equipment base 230 first (see...). Figure 4 Next, the slider 372 is fixedly connected to the mounting surface 351 of the sliding base 350; then, the limiting assembly 330 (including the second driving member 430, the rotating member 360, and the hook 340) is installed as a whole onto the sliding base 350; then, the drilling assembly 300 (including the first driving member 410, the sliding plate 320, the drive motor 420, and the drill bit structure 310) is fixed above the positioning plate 200 (see...). Figure 2 During operation, the circuit board 220 is placed into the receiving slot 210 and initially positioned using the positioning hole 212; the first driving member 410 drives the drill bit structure 310 to descend along the third direction D3 to the first stroke, and the hook 340 is in the contact limit state to achieve guidance calibration; after calibration, the second driving member 430 drives the sliding base 350 to move, causing the hook 340 to disengage from the contact part 313, and the drill bit structure 310 enters the second stroke to achieve penetration (see...). Figure 3 The above structure and process, when combined, can achieve a two-stage feed of "calibration first, then penetration" without adding a complex control unit, thereby improving hole position accuracy and machining consistency.

[0051] Therefore, the positioning structure 100 for drilling printed circuit boards of this application, through the sliding guide cooperation of "accommodating groove 210 - drilling area 221" and the two-stage stroke coordination of "hook 340 limiting - sliding base 350 releasing", allows the drill bit 311 to be controlled to fit and complete the alignment calibration in the first stroke, and then enter the second stroke to drill through the hole after confirmation. Thus, it can suppress the lateral swing and initial deviation of the drill bit when it first enters, reduce the sensitivity to the warping and thickness tolerance of the circuit board 220, reduce hole position deviation and hole wall burrs, improve hole position accuracy and coaxiality, enhance the consistency of repeated positioning, reduce the risk of scrap and rework, and realize the control strategy of calibration before drilling through with pure mechanical cooperation, thereby taking into account the structural simplicity and process robustness.

[0052] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A positioning structure for drilling holes in a printed circuit board, characterized in that, include: The positioning plate has a receiving groove that extends through it along its length. The circuit board has a perforated area that is slidably disposed within the receiving groove; A drilling assembly, fixed above the positioning plate, includes a drill bit structure and a first driving member that drives the drill bit structure to move along the drilling direction; The limiting component includes a hook and a sliding base, wherein the hook slides against the drilling component and limits the drill bit structure from falling to the first stroke; When the drill bit structure is aligned with the drilling area, the sliding base drives the hook to disengage, causing the drill bit structure to fall to the second stroke to complete the drilling.

2. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit structure includes a drill bit and a drive motor for driving the drill bit to rotate; the drilling assembly also includes a sliding plate, which is fixedly connected to the drive motor and is also connected to the output end of the first drive component.

3. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting component also includes a second driving member, the main body of which is fixedly disposed, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding base, for driving the sliding base to move linearly along a direction parallel to the drilling direction.

4. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting component also includes a rotating component, which is rotatably mounted on the sliding base via a rotating shaft; the hook is fixedly mounted on the rotating component; the second driving component drives the sliding base to move, thereby moving the rotating component and the hook as a whole, so that the hook disengages from or engages with the contact portion of the punching component.

5. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one side wall of the receiving groove is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the receiving groove, and the position of each positioning hole corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board.

6. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one side wall of the receiving groove is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the receiving groove, and the position of each positioning hole corresponds to the design position of the hole to be processed on the circuit board.

7. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding base is connected to the equipment base via a linear guide mechanism; the linear guide mechanism includes a guide rail and a slider, the guide rail is fixed to the equipment base, and the slider is fixed to the bottom of the sliding base and forms a sliding engagement with the guide rail.

8. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first stroke ranges from 1 to 3 mm, and the length of the second stroke ranges from 3 to 15 mm; the length ratio of the first stroke to the second stroke is 1:2 to 1:

5.

9. The positioning structure for drilling holes in printed circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling assembly also includes a vision sensor, which is fixedly installed on the side of the drill bit structure to acquire images of the relative position of the drill bit tip and the drilling area of ​​the circuit board.

10. The positioning structure for drilling holes in a printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the receiving groove is provided with an elastic gasket, which is made of rubber or polyurethane material and has a thickness of 0.5-2mm. It is used to buffer the impact force of the drill bit on the circuit board during the drilling process.

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