Test device for testing seepage size effect of fractured rock mass
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522546575.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-01
AI Technical Summary
然而，对于破碎岩体的渗流过程，采用理论和数值模拟的研究手段具有显著局限性，实验室试验是该领域研究的主要研究手段之一，因此 ，亟需提供一种可测试破碎岩体渗流尺寸效应的试验装置
[0009]本实用新型中，通过立式支撑框架的设置，可以便于为渗流试验提供支撑平台。使反力横梁通过两个导向孔滑动套装在两根导向柱的外侧，可以便于调节反力横梁与底部平台之间的距离，从而可以满足不同的试验需求。在导向柱的上部设置外螺纹结构，并使两个调节螺母通过螺纹配合套装在两个导向柱的外部，这样，可以通过两个调节螺母的高度调节来实现对不同高度位置处反力横梁的高度定位。使连接在反力横梁下端的液压油缸连接有压头连接套，可以便于通过螺纹配合进行渗流压头的可拆卸式装置，同时，可以便于根据不同的渗流试验需求更换不同型号的渗流压头。使渗流压头的内部设置注水孔道，可以便于在压力加载过程中，同步进行注水作业。使支撑在渗流缸筒底部的缸筒支撑座为具有容纳腔的空心结构，可以便于在其中装配集料组件。同时，在缸筒支撑座的上端开设与空心容纳腔连通的透孔，可以便于试验过程中流出的水及细小颗粒物通过透孔进入至空心容纳腔内部，进而有利于集料组件的集中收集。通过下渗流板的设置，可以便于试验过程中，水及细小颗粒从下渗流板顺利流出。通过上渗流板的设置，可以便于利用渗流压头通过上渗流板向有破碎岩体试样施加压力，并有利于实现均匀的加压过程。在空心容纳腔中设置锥形集料斗，可以便于高效集中地收集试验过程中渗流出的水及细小颗粒，并能便于所收集水及颗粒物的顺利外排过程。利用输送管路将锥形集料斗收集的水及细小颗粒输送至外部，并通过量杯进行接收，能定量的获得试验过程中水的渗流量。同时，通过滤网的设置，可以有效过滤掉细小颗粒物，通过后续的稳重工序，可以实现细小颗粒物重量参数的获得。
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Figure CN224744763U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seepage technology, specifically a test device for testing the seepage size effect in fractured rock mass. Background Technology
[0002] Compared to intact, dense rock masses, fractured rock masses are characterized by heterogeneity, diversity, and randomness in structure and surface shape. This results in water seepage processes within fractured rock masses being highly concealed, exhibiting poor spatial distribution regularity, and being difficult to predict. Currently, major disasters caused by seepage frequently occur in tunnel and mining engineering. Studying the seepage process can effectively reduce or avoid the occurrence of accidents such as sudden water inrush, sudden mud inrush, and sudden sand collapse. However, theoretical and numerical simulation methods have significant limitations in studying the seepage process in fractured rock masses. Laboratory experiments are one of the main research methods in this field. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an experimental device for testing the size effect of seepage in fractured rock masses. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a test device for testing the size effect of seepage in fractured rock masses. The device has a reasonable structure and strong versatility. It can be used to test seepage in fractured rock masses of different sizes as well as water and sand seepage in fractured rock masses. This is beneficial for advancing the relationship between indoor tests and actual disasters on site, and can effectively assist in the formulation of disaster prevention and control measures.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a test device for testing the seepage size effect of fractured rock mass, including a vertical support frame, a pressure loading mechanism, a rock mass bearing mechanism, and an aggregate mechanism. The vertical support frame includes a bottom platform, guide columns, adjusting nuts, and a reaction beam. The bottom platform is horizontally positioned at the bottom, with two guide columns arranged opposite each other on the left and right. The upper part of the guide columns has an external thread structure, and the lower end of the guide columns is vertically fixed to the bottom platform. Two adjusting nuts are arranged opposite each other on the left and right, and are threaded onto the two guide columns. The reaction beam has two guide holes on its left and right sides, and is fitted onto the outside of the two guide columns through the two guide holes, located above the two adjusting nuts. The pressure loading mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, a pressure head connecting sleeve, and a seepage pressure head; the seat end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the reaction beam; the upper center of the pressure head connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder, and an internal threaded hole is provided on its lower inner side; the upper end of the seepage pressure head is fixedly inserted into the internal threaded hole of the pressure head connecting sleeve through a threaded fit, and a water injection channel is provided inside, with the inlet end of the water injection channel extending to the side surface of the seepage pressure head and its outlet end extending to the lower end face of the seepage pressure head; The rock mass bearing mechanism includes a cylinder support base, a seepage cylinder, a lower seepage plate, a fractured rock mass sample, and an upper seepage plate. The cylinder support base is fixedly installed in the central area at the upper end of the bottom platform, and has a hollow cavity inside. The hollow cavity communicates with the outside through several through holes opened at the upper end of the cylinder support base. The seepage cylinder is located below the seepage head and is vertically installed on the cylinder support base. The outer diameter of the lower seepage plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder and is located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder. The fractured rock mass sample fills the interior of the seepage cylinder and is located above the lower seepage plate. The outer diameter of the upper seepage plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder and is located in the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder and above the fractured rock mass sample. The material collection mechanism includes a conical hopper, a conveying pipeline, a measuring cup, and a filter screen; the size of the large diameter end of the conical hopper is adapted to the size of the hollow receiving cavity and is fixedly installed in the hollow receiving cavity; the inlet end of the conveying pipeline is connected to the outlet end of the conical hopper, and its outlet end extends to the outside of the cylinder support; the measuring cup is located below the outlet end of the conveying pipeline; the filter screen is installed on the upper end of the measuring cup.
[0005] To facilitate seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand, the rock mass bearing mechanism includes a detachable gate. The outer contour of the seepage cylinder is rectangular, with a groove on its upper right side. The detachable gate is inserted into the seepage cylinder through the groove, achieving vertical isolation of the seepage cylinder space. Thus, when the detachable gate is fully inserted into the groove, a sand storage space is isolated in the upper part of the detachable gate. Before the test begins, the detachable gate can be directly removed, allowing the fractured sand to fall directly onto the upper end of the fractured rock mass sample. Pressure loading and pressurized water supply can then be performed, enabling seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand. When seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand are not required, the detachable gate does not need to be assembled.
[0006] To ensure stable water supply during the test, a booster pump, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor are also included. The booster pump is connected to the inlet of the seepage head through a water supply pipeline, and the pressure sensor and flow sensor are connected in series on the water supply pipeline.
[0007] To facilitate real-time acquisition of water supply parameters during the experiment, a data acquisition instrument and a computer are also included. The data acquisition instrument is connected to the pressure sensor and the flow sensor, respectively, and the computer is connected to the data acquisition instrument.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the upper and lower seepage plates have the same structure, both being made of grating plates.
[0009] In this invention, the vertical support frame facilitates the provision of a support platform for seepage tests. The reaction beam, slidably fitted onto the outside of two guide columns via two guide holes, allows for easy adjustment of the distance between the reaction beam and the bottom platform, thus meeting various testing requirements. An external thread structure is provided on the upper part of the guide columns, and two adjusting nuts are threaded onto the outside of the two guide columns, allowing for height adjustment of the reaction beam at different height positions. A hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower end of the reaction beam is equipped with a pressure head connecting sleeve, facilitating the detachable installation of the seepage pressure head via threaded engagement. This also allows for easy replacement of different models of seepage pressure heads according to different seepage test requirements. The seepage pressure head has internal water injection channels, facilitating simultaneous water injection during pressure loading. The cylinder support base at the bottom of the seepage cylinder is a hollow structure with a receiving cavity, facilitating the assembly of aggregate components. Meanwhile, a through hole communicating with the hollow receiving cavity is opened at the upper end of the cylinder support, allowing water and fine particles flowing out during the test to enter the hollow receiving cavity through the through hole, thus facilitating the centralized collection of the aggregate assembly. The lower seepage plate facilitates the smooth flow of water and fine particles out during the test. The upper seepage plate allows for the application of pressure to the fractured rock sample using a seepage head, promoting a uniform pressurization process. A conical aggregate hopper is installed in the hollow receiving cavity to efficiently and centrally collect the water and fine particles seeping out during the test, facilitating their smooth discharge. The water and fine particles collected in the conical aggregate hopper are transported to the outside via a conveying pipeline and received by a measuring cup, allowing for the quantitative acquisition of the water seepage flow rate during the test. Simultaneously, a filter screen effectively filters out fine particles, and subsequent stabilization processes allow for the acquisition of the weight parameters of the fine particles.
[0010] This device has a reasonable structure and strong versatility. It can be used to test seepage in fractured rock masses of different scales, as well as water-sand seepage in fractured rock masses. This is beneficial for advancing the relationship between indoor tests and actual field disasters, and can effectively assist in the formulation of disaster prevention and control measures. The device can be used to measure various test parameters, such as permeability, particle loss patterns in fractured rock masses, sand particle seepage patterns in water-sand seepage, sand storage in fractured rock masses, and particle size variation patterns in fractured rock masses under laterally confined uniaxial compression. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0012] In the diagram: 1. Vertical support frame, 2. Bottom platform, 3. Guide column, 4. Reaction beam, 5. Pressure loading mechanism, 6. Rock mass bearing mechanism, 7. Adjusting nut, 8. Hydraulic cylinder, 9. Seepage head, 10. Head connecting sleeve, 11. Cylinder support seat, 12. Seepage cylinder, 13. Lower seepage plate, 14. Crushed rock mass sample, 15. Upper seepage plate, 16. Collection mechanism, 17. Conical collection hopper, 18. Conveying pipeline, 19. Measuring cup, 20. Filter screen, 21. Detachable gate, 22. Pressure pump, 23. Pressure sensor, 24. Flow sensor, 25. Water supply pipeline, 26. Data acquisition instrument, 27. Computer. Detailed Implementation
[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a test device for testing the seepage size effect of fractured rock mass, including a vertical support frame 1, a pressure loading mechanism 5, a rock mass bearing mechanism 6, and an aggregate mechanism 16. The vertical support frame 1 includes a bottom platform 2, guide columns 3, adjusting nuts 7, and a reaction beam 4. The bottom platform 2 is horizontally positioned at the bottom, with two guide columns 3 distributed opposite each other on the left and right sides. The upper part of the guide columns 3 is provided with an external thread structure, and the lower end of the guide columns 3 is vertically fixedly connected to the bottom platform 2. The two adjusting nuts 7 are distributed opposite each other on the left and right sides and are threaded onto the two guide columns 3. The reaction beam 4 has two guide holes on its left and right sides, and is fitted onto the outside of the two guide columns 3 through the two guide holes, and is located above the two adjusting nuts 7. The pressure loading mechanism 5 includes a hydraulic cylinder 8, a pressure head connecting sleeve 10, and a seepage pressure head 9. The seat end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the reaction beam 4. The upper center of the pressure head connecting sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder 8, and an internal threaded hole is provided on its lower inner side. The upper end of the seepage pressure head 9 is fixedly inserted into the internal threaded hole of the pressure head connecting sleeve 10 through threaded engagement. A water injection channel is provided inside the seepage pressure head 9. The inlet end of the water injection channel extends to the side surface of the seepage pressure head 9, and its outlet end extends to the lower end face of the seepage pressure head 9. The seepage pressure head 9 is used for pressure loading and water pressure loading. The rock mass bearing mechanism 6 includes a cylinder support 11, a seepage cylinder 12, a lower seepage plate 13, a fractured rock mass sample 14, and an upper seepage plate 15. The cylinder support 11 is fixedly installed in the central area of the upper end of the bottom platform 2, and has a hollow cavity inside. The hollow cavity is connected to the outside through several through holes opened at the upper end of the cylinder support 11. The seepage cylinder 12 is located below the seepage head 9 and is vertically installed on the cylinder support 11. The outer diameter of the lower seepage plate 13 is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder 12 and is located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder 12. The fractured rock mass sample 14 is filled inside the seepage cylinder 12 and is located above the lower seepage plate 13. The outer diameter of the upper seepage plate 15 is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder 12 and is located in the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder 12 and above the fractured rock mass sample 14. The material collection mechanism 16 includes a conical hopper 17, a conveying pipe 18, a measuring cup 19, and a filter screen 20. The size of the large diameter end of the conical hopper 17 is adapted to the size of the hollow cavity and is fixedly installed in the hollow cavity. The inlet end of the conveying pipe 18 is connected to the outlet end of the conical hopper 17, and its outlet end extends to the outside of the cylinder support 11. The measuring cup 19 is located below the outlet end of the conveying pipe 18. The filter screen 20 is installed on the upper end of the measuring cup 19.
[0015] To facilitate seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand, the rock mass bearing mechanism 6 also includes a detachable gate 21. The outer contour of the seepage cylinder 12 is rectangular, with a groove on its upper right side. The detachable gate 21 is inserted into the seepage cylinder 12 through the groove, achieving vertical isolation of the space within the seepage cylinder 12. Thus, when the detachable gate is fully inserted into the groove, a sand storage space can be isolated in the upper part of the detachable gate. Before the test begins, the detachable gate can be directly removed, allowing the fractured sand to fall directly onto the upper end of the fractured rock mass sample. Then, pressure loading and pressurized water supply can be performed, enabling seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand. When seepage tests on fractured rock masses with the participation of fractured sand are not required, the detachable gate does not need to be assembled.
[0016] To ensure stable water supply during the test, a booster pump 22, a pressure sensor 23, and a flow sensor 24 are also included. The booster pump 22 is connected to the inlet of the seepage head 9 through the water supply pipeline 25, and the pressure sensor 23 and the flow sensor 24 are connected in series on the water supply pipeline 25.
[0017] To facilitate real-time acquisition of water supply parameters during the experiment, a data acquisition instrument 26 and a computer 27 are also included. The data acquisition instrument 26 is connected to the pressure sensor 23 and the flow sensor 24, respectively, and the computer 27 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 26.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the upper seepage plate 15 and the lower seepage plate 13 have the same structure and are both made of grating plates.
[0019] Test procedure: (1) Add a certain mass of fractured rock sample 14 (the ratio of fractured rock can be adjusted according to the fractal dimension) into the seepage cylinder 12, and then use the vertical support frame 1 in conjunction with the pressure loading mechanism 5 to load it to a certain displacement to control the porosity. If a water-sand seepage test is required, remove the seepage head 9 after loading, place the upper seepage plate 15 on the upper end of the fractured rock sample 14, insert the detachable gate 21, and put the fractured sand on the detachable gate 21. If a water-sand seepage test is not required, simply put the upper seepage plate 15 in.
[0020] (2) If the removable gate 21 is present, remove the removable gate 21 first. Control the hydraulic cylinder 8 to apply pressure to the seepage head 9. At the same time, pressurized water is supplied through the water supply pipeline 25 via the pressurization pump 22 to start the seepage test. During the test, the filter screen 20 is used to collect broken rock particles or sand particles (the filter screen can be replaced at certain time intervals according to the actual situation). The measuring cup 20 is used to collect water. At the same time, the computer 27 collects test data (flow rate data and pressure data, etc.) through the data acquisition instrument 26.
[0021] (3) End of test. Control the hydraulic cylinder 8 to stop operating and disassemble the seepage cylinder 12. Number, dry and weigh the broken rock particles or sand particles on the filter screen 20. Collect the broken rock sample after the test, dry and weigh it. If a water-sand seepage test is to be carried out on broken rock, the sand particles and broken rock must be separated and weighed.
[0022] (4) Data Processing. Collect, organize, and analyze the experimental data. This experiment can collect water pressure, flow rate, and mass of lost particles during the seepage test. After the test, the mass of lost particles in the fractured rock mass, the mass of lost sand particles, the mass of aeolian sand particles in the fractured rock mass, and the mix proportions of the fractured rock mass before and after the test can be collected. The permeability can be calculated using water pressure and flow rate.
[0023] In this invention, the vertical support frame facilitates the provision of a support platform for seepage tests. The reaction beam, slidably fitted onto the outside of two guide columns via two guide holes, allows for easy adjustment of the distance between the reaction beam and the bottom platform, thus meeting various testing requirements. An external thread structure is provided on the upper part of the guide columns, and two adjusting nuts are threaded onto the outside of the two guide columns, allowing for height adjustment of the reaction beam at different height positions. A hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower end of the reaction beam is equipped with a pressure head connecting sleeve, facilitating the detachable installation of the seepage pressure head via threaded engagement. This also allows for easy replacement of different models of seepage pressure heads according to different seepage test requirements. The seepage pressure head has internal water injection channels, facilitating simultaneous water injection during pressure loading. The cylinder support base at the bottom of the seepage cylinder is a hollow structure with a receiving cavity, facilitating the assembly of aggregate components. Meanwhile, a through hole communicating with the hollow receiving cavity is opened at the upper end of the cylinder support, allowing water and fine particles flowing out during the test to enter the hollow receiving cavity through the through hole, thus facilitating the centralized collection of the aggregate assembly. The lower seepage plate facilitates the smooth flow of water and fine particles out during the test. The upper seepage plate allows for the application of pressure to the fractured rock sample using a seepage head, promoting a uniform pressurization process. A conical aggregate hopper is installed in the hollow receiving cavity to efficiently and centrally collect the water and fine particles seeping out during the test, facilitating their smooth discharge. The water and fine particles collected in the conical aggregate hopper are transported to the outside via a conveying pipeline and received by a measuring cup, allowing for the quantitative acquisition of the water seepage flow rate during the test. Simultaneously, a filter screen effectively filters out fine particles, and subsequent stabilization processes allow for the acquisition of the weight parameters of the fine particles.
[0024] This device has a reasonable structure and strong versatility. It can be used to test seepage in fractured rock masses of different scales, as well as water-sand seepage in fractured rock masses. This is beneficial for advancing the relationship between indoor tests and actual field disasters, and can effectively assist in the formulation of disaster prevention and control measures. The device can be used to measure various test parameters, such as permeability, particle loss patterns in fractured rock masses, sand particle seepage patterns in water-sand seepage, sand storage in fractured rock masses, and particle size variation patterns in fractured rock masses under laterally confined uniaxial compression.
Claims
1. A test apparatus for testing the seepage size effect in fractured rock mass, comprising a vertical support frame (1), characterized in that, It also includes a pressure loading mechanism (5), a rock mass bearing mechanism (6), and an aggregate mechanism (16). The vertical support frame (1) includes a bottom platform (2), guide columns (3), adjusting nuts (7), and a reaction beam (4); the bottom platform (2) is horizontally set at the bottom, and two guide columns (3) are distributed opposite each other on the left and right. The upper part of the guide column (3) is provided with an external thread structure, and the lower end of the guide column (3) is vertically fixedly connected to the bottom platform (2); two adjusting nuts (7) are distributed opposite each other on the left and right, and are fitted onto the two guide columns (3) by threaded engagement; the reaction beam (4) has two guide holes on the left and right sides opposite each other, and is fitted onto the outside of the two guide columns (3) through the two guide holes, and is located on the upper part of the two adjusting nuts (7); The pressure loading mechanism (5) includes a hydraulic cylinder (8), a pressure head connecting sleeve (10), and a seepage pressure head (9); the seat end of the hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the reaction beam (4); the upper center of the pressure head connecting sleeve (10) is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder (8), and an internal thread hole is provided on its lower inner side; the upper end of the seepage pressure head (9) is fixedly inserted into the internal thread hole of the pressure head connecting sleeve (10) through threaded engagement, and a water injection channel is provided inside, the inlet end of the water injection channel extends to the side surface of the seepage pressure head (9), and its outlet end extends to the lower end face of the seepage pressure head (9); The rock mass bearing mechanism (6) includes a cylinder support base (11), a seepage cylinder (12), a lower seepage plate (13), a fractured rock mass sample (14), and an upper seepage plate (15). The cylinder support base (11) is fixedly installed in the central area of the upper end of the bottom platform (2), and has a hollow cavity inside. The hollow cavity is connected to the outside through several through holes opened at the upper end of the cylinder support base (11). The seepage cylinder (12) is located below the seepage pressure head (9) and is vertically installed in the cylinder. On the support base (11); the outer diameter of the lower seepage plate (13) is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder (12) and is set at the bottom of the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder (12); the broken rock mass sample (14) is filled inside the seepage cylinder (12) and is located above the lower seepage plate (13); the outer diameter of the upper seepage plate (15) is adapted to the inner diameter of the seepage cylinder (12) and is set in the inner cavity of the seepage cylinder (12) and is located above the broken rock mass sample (14); The material collection mechanism (16) includes a conical hopper (17), a conveying pipeline (18), a measuring cup (19), and a filter screen (20); the size of the large diameter end of the conical hopper (17) is adapted to the size of the hollow cavity and is fixedly installed in the hollow cavity; the inlet end of the conveying pipeline (18) is connected to the outlet end of the conical hopper (17), and its outlet end extends to the outside of the cylinder support seat (11); the measuring cup (19) is located below the outlet end of the conveying pipeline (18); the filter screen (20) is installed on the upper end of the measuring cup (19).
2. The experimental apparatus for testing the seepage size effect in fractured rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock mass bearing mechanism (6) also includes a detachable gate (21); the outer contour of the seepage cylinder (12) is rectangular, and a sliding groove is provided on the upper right side; the detachable gate (21) is inserted into the seepage cylinder (12) through the sliding groove to achieve vertical isolation of the seepage cylinder (12) space.
3. The test device for testing the seepage size effect of fractured rock mass according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a booster pump (22), a pressure sensor (23) and a flow sensor (24). The booster pump (22) is connected to the inlet of the seepage head (9) through a water supply pipeline (25). The pressure sensor (23) and the flow sensor (24) are connected in series on the water supply pipeline (25).
4. The test device for testing the seepage size effect of broken rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a data acquisition device (26) and a computer (27), wherein the data acquisition device (26) is connected to the pressure sensor (23) and the flow sensor (24) respectively, and the computer (27) is connected to the data acquisition device (26).
5. The test device for testing the seepage size effect of fractured rock mass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper seepage plate (15) and the lower seepage plate (13) have the same structure and are both made of grid plates.