quantum computer

Abstract

The application discloses a quantum computer capable of reducing noise coupled to a measurement and control link, comprising: a measurement and control all-in-one machine; a measurement and control link for electrically connecting the measurement and control all-in-one machine and a quantum chip, the measurement and control link comprising an active device; a power module, the power module being electrically connected with the measurement and control all-in-one machine and the active device respectively; a first isolation transformer and / or a second isolation transformer, the first isolation transformer being arranged between the power module and the measurement and control all-in-one machine; and the second isolation transformer being arranged between the power module and the active device. By arranging the first isolation transformer and / or the second isolation transformer, not only is the noise of the power module effectively blocked from being coupled to the measurement and control link through the measurement and control all-in-one machine and the active module, but also the path of the environmental noise and the measurement and control all-in-one machine noise coupled to the measurement and control link is reduced, so that the noise, especially the low-frequency noise, conducted to the quantum chip through the measurement and control link is significantly reduced, and the normal work of the quantum chip is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a quantum computer. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum computing is a new computing paradigm that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to manipulate basic information units for computation. The basic information unit of classical computing is the classical bit, while the basic information unit of quantum computing is the qubit. A classical bit can only be in one state, either 0 or 1, while based on the superposition principle of quantum mechanics, a qubit can be in a superposition of multiple possible states. Therefore, the computational efficiency of quantum computing far exceeds that of classical computing.

[0003] The core of quantum computing is the quantum chip (such as a superconducting quantum chip), whose information carrier is the extremely fragile quantum state (qubit). The coherence time of a qubit is very short, making it highly sensitive to environmental noise, especially low-frequency noise. The danger of low-frequency noise lies in the fact that it can directly modulate the energy levels of a qubit, or upconvert the frequency to microwave frequencies through nonlinear effects, thereby affecting the coherence and control fidelity of the qubit.

[0004] In existing technologies, quantum computers typically include a measurement and control unit, a quantum chip, and a dilution refrigerator, with the quantum chip housed within the thermostat of the dilution refrigerator. The initial measurement and control signals generated by the measurement and control unit are transmitted to the quantum chip via a measurement and control link. However, noise (including low-frequency noise) generated by the internal components of the measurement and control unit and its surrounding environment (including the power supply module powering the unit) can couple into the measurement and control link through various pathways and ultimately be conducted to the quantum chip, interfering with its normal operation. Therefore, reducing the noise coupled to the measurement and control link has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of this application is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quantum computer that can reduce noise coupled to the measurement and control link.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: Integrated measurement and control unit; A measurement and control link is used to electrically connect the integrated measurement and control unit and the quantum chip, and the measurement and control link includes active devices; A power module, which is electrically connected to both the integrated measurement and control machine and the active device; A first isolation transformer and / or a second isolation transformer, wherein the first isolation transformer is disposed between the power supply module and the integrated measurement and control machine; and the second isolation transformer is disposed between the power supply module and the active device.

[0008] The quantum computer described above, further, when the quantum computer includes the second isolation transformer and the active device is of N types: The second isolation transformer is provided with N, and the power module is electrically connected to N kinds of active devices through the N second isolation transformers respectively; or, the second isolation transformer is provided with 1, and the power module is electrically connected to all N kinds of active devices through the second isolation transformer. Where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0009] In the quantum computer described above, the active device further includes at least one of a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a cryogenic amplifier, and a vector network analyzer.

[0010] As described above, the quantum computer further includes multiple VPX chassis, which are used to provide initial measurement and control signals for the measurement and control link. Each VPX chassis is provided with a first isolation transformer between itself and the power module.

[0011] The quantum computer described above further includes a filter, with the filter provided between each output terminal of the VPX chassis and the corresponding measurement and control link.

[0012] In the quantum computer described above, the power module further includes a first power supply, a third isolation transformer, and a power distribution cabinet connected in series, with the power distribution cabinet electrically connected to the first isolation transformer and the second isolation transformer, respectively.

[0013] The quantum computer described above further includes: A dilution refrigerator, the dilution refrigerator including a thermostat, the quantum chip being disposed inside the thermostat, the thermostat having a ground terminal; A switch is installed on the line between the grounding terminal of the thermostat and ground. When the quantum chip is working, the switch is open, and when the quantum chip stops working, the switch is closed.

[0014] The quantum computer described above further includes a controller electrically connected to the switch for controlling the opening and closing of the switch.

[0015] In addition to the quantum computer described above, the dilution refrigerator further includes a temperature control system and a gas handling system; The quantum computer also includes a second power supply, which is electrically connected to the temperature control system and the gas processing system, respectively.

[0016] The quantum computer described above further includes a voltage regulator, the input of which is electrically connected to the second power supply, and the output of which is electrically connected to the temperature control system and the gas processing system, respectively.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This application, by setting a first isolation transformer and / or a second isolation transformer, with the first isolation transformer positioned between the power module and the integrated measurement and control unit, and the second isolation transformer positioned between the power module and the active device, not only effectively blocks the noise from the power module from coupling to the measurement and control link through the integrated measurement and control unit and the active module, but also reduces the path of environmental noise and noise from the integrated measurement and control unit coupling to the measurement and control link, thereby significantly reducing the noise conducted to the quantum chip through the measurement and control link and ensuring the normal operation of the quantum chip. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum computer provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum computer provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 2 ; In the attached diagram, the following are the reference numerals: 10, power module; 11, first power supply; 12, third isolation transformer; 13, distribution cabinet; 20, first isolation transformer; 30, second isolation transformer; 40, integrated measurement and control unit; 41, VPX chassis; 50, active device; 60, quantum chip; 70, thermostat; 80, temperature control system; 90, gas handling system; 100, voltage regulator; 110, second power supply; 120, load power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum computer provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown: This application discloses a quantum computer, including: 40 integrated measurement and control machine; The measurement and control link is used to electrically connect the integrated measurement and control unit 40 and the quantum chip 60. The measurement and control link includes active devices 50. Power module 10 is electrically connected to the integrated measurement and control machine 40 and the active device 50, respectively. The first isolation transformer 20 and / or the second isolation transformer 30 are disposed between the power module 10 and the integrated measurement and control machine 40; the second isolation transformer 30 is disposed between the power module 10 and the active device 50.

[0023] This application, by setting a first isolation transformer 20 and / or a second isolation transformer 30, with the first isolation transformer 20 positioned between the power module 10 and the integrated measurement and control unit 40, and the second isolation transformer 30 positioned between the power module 10 and the active device 50, not only effectively blocks the noise of the power module 10 from coupling to the measurement and control link through the integrated measurement and control unit 40 and the active module, but also reduces the path of environmental noise and noise from the integrated measurement and control unit 40 coupling to the measurement and control link, thereby significantly reducing the noise, especially low-frequency noise, conducted to the quantum chip 60 through the measurement and control link, and ensuring the normal operation of the quantum chip 60.

[0024] In this embodiment, the measurement and control link of the quantum computer typically includes three types of functional links: an XY control link, responsible for applying microwave pulses to the qubits to achieve state excitation and logic gate operation; a Z control link, which adjusts the energy level frequency through a bias signal to achieve quantum phase modulation and frequency tuning; and a readout link, used to transmit probe microwaves and receive their response signals, thereby completing the non-destructive measurement of the qubit state. The integrated measurement and control unit 40 typically includes a VPX chassis 41 that provides initial measurement and control signals. The VPX chassis 41 integrates various functional boards to provide the initial measurement and control signals required by the different measurement and control links. The output of the VPX chassis 41 is electrically connected to the quantum chip 60 through the corresponding measurement and control link. This embodiment can effectively isolate the noise of the power supply module 10 from being coupled to the three types of functional links through the integrated measurement and control unit, especially reducing the impact of noise on the Z control link.

[0025] Typically, an active device 50 is provided on the read link. In some embodiments of this example, the active device 50 includes at least one of a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a cryogenic amplifier, and a vector network analyzer.

[0026] In some embodiments of this example, when the quantum computer includes a second isolation transformer 30 and the active device 50 is of N types, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the arrangement of the second isolation transformer 30 is not specifically limited. Specifically, the arrangement of the second isolation transformer 30 can adopt one of the following two schemes, both of which can effectively isolate the noise of the power module 10.

[0027] The first option is to provide N types of second isolation transformers 30, and the power module 10 is electrically connected to N types of active devices 50 through the N second isolation transformers 30 respectively.

[0028] The second option is to provide one second isolation transformer 30, and the power module 10 is electrically connected to N kinds of active devices 50 through the second isolation transformer 30.

[0029] Two specific examples are given below: Example 1: When the active device 50 includes a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a cryogenic amplifier, and a vector network analyzer, four second isolation transformers 30 can be provided, and the power module 10 can be electrically connected to the power supplies of the microwave switch, the room temperature amplifier, the cryogenic amplifier, and the network analyzer through the four second isolation transformers 30 respectively. Of course, as the number of qubits integrated in the quantum chip 60 increases, the number of each type of active device 50 may also increase. In this case, the number of second isolation transformers 30 can be increased according to actual needs. For example, when there are four microwave switches, the four microwave switches can be electrically connected to the power module 10 through one second isolation transformer 30; the four microwave switches can be electrically connected to the power module 10 through four corresponding second isolation transformers 30 respectively; or every two microwave switches can be electrically connected to the power module 10 through one second isolation transformer 30.

[0030] Example 2: When the active device 50 includes a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a low temperature amplifier, and a network analyzer, a second isolation transformer 30 can be set up, and the power module 10 is electrically connected to the four active devices 50, namely the microwave switch, the room temperature amplifier, the low temperature amplifier, and the vector network analyzer, through the second isolation transformer 30.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum computer provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown: In some embodiments of this example, in Figure 1 Based on the quantum computer, the power supply module 10 includes a first power supply 11, a third isolation transformer 12, and a power distribution cabinet 13 connected in series. The power distribution cabinet 13 is electrically connected to the first isolation transformer 20 and the second isolation transformer 30, respectively. By setting the third isolation transformer 12, the noise generated by the first power supply 11 is effectively blocked. By setting the power distribution cabinet 13, the total received power can be safely and reliably distributed to the integrated measurement and control unit 40 and the active devices 50.

[0032] In some embodiments of this example, the quantum computer further includes a load power supply 120 disposed between the second isolation transformer 30 and the active device 50. The load power supply 120 is used to convert the received electrical energy into the power supply required by the active device 50 and to power the active device 50. For example, when the active device 50 includes a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a cryogenic amplifier, and a network analyzer, there are four load power supplies 120, namely a microwave switch power supply, a room temperature amplifier power supply, a cryogenic amplifier power supply, and a vector network analyzer power supply, which are used to power the four types of active devices 50 respectively. In this case, the four load power supplies 120 can be electrically connected to the power module 10 through the same second isolation transformer 30, or they can be electrically connected to the power module 10 through four separate second isolation transformers 30.

[0033] In some embodiments of this example, the integrated measurement and control unit 40 includes multiple VPX chassis 41. The VPX chassis 41 is used to provide initial measurement and control signals for the measurement and control link. Each VPX chassis 41 is provided with a first isolation transformer 20 between it and the power module 10. By providing a first isolation transformer 20 between each XPX chassis and the power module 10, the low-frequency noise coupled to the measurement and control link is further effectively reduced.

[0034] In some embodiments of this example, the quantum computer is characterized by further including filters, with filters provided between each output terminal of the VPX chassis 41 and the corresponding measurement and control link. By providing filters at each output terminal of the VPX chassis 41, the noise carried in the initial measurement and control signal output by the VPX chassis 41 is reduced.

[0035] The transmission lines in the measurement and control link of a quantum computer are typically coaxial cables, with the outer layer being ground and the inner layer being signal lines. In addition to the measurement and control unit 40, the quantum computer also includes a dilution cooler, which includes a thermostat 70. Both the measurement and control unit 40 and the thermostat 70 are grounded through their respective grounding terminals. When the quantum chip 60 is operating, it is located within the thermostat 70. External noise can also couple into the measurement link through the ground loop, thus affecting the operation of the quantum chip 60.

[0036] In order to effectively suppress the noise from the ground loop from affecting the normal operation of the quantum chip 60, the electrical connection between the thermostat 70 and the ground can be disconnected when the quantum chip 60 is working. Specifically, in some embodiments of this example, the quantum computer also includes a switch, which is set on the line between the grounding terminal of the thermostat 70 and the ground. When the quantum chip 60 is working, the switch is open, and when the quantum chip 60 stops working, the switch is closed.

[0037] In some embodiments of this example, the quantum computer further includes a controller electrically connected to the switch for controlling the opening and closing of the switch. By providing a controller, the opening and closing of the switch can be conveniently controlled. Alternatively, the controller can be omitted, and the switch can be opened and closed manually.

[0038] To further suppress noise from the ground loop, all active devices 50 can be disconnected from the ground to ensure that the integrated measurement and control unit 40 is grounded at a single point.

[0039] In some embodiments of this example, the dilution refrigeration unit further includes a temperature control system 80 and a gas handling system 90, wherein the temperature control system 80 is used to monitor the temperature inside the thermostat 70, and the gas handling system 90 is used to monitor the gas operating status inside the thermostat 70. The quantum computer also includes a second power supply 110, which is electrically connected to the temperature control system 80 and the gas handling system 90, respectively.

[0040] By using a second power supply 110 for the temperature control system 80 and the gas handling system 90, an electrical loop is avoided between them and the measurement and control link, thereby preventing the noise of the second power supply 110 from affecting the measurement and control link.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first power supply 11 and the second power supply 110 can be two AC power inputs.

[0042] In some embodiments of this example, the quantum computer further includes a voltage regulator 100. The input terminal of the voltage regulator 100 is electrically connected to the second power supply 110, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator 100 is electrically connected to the temperature control system 80 and the gas handling system 90, respectively. By setting the voltage regulator 100, the output voltage can be stabilized, protecting the back-end equipment.

[0043] In this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments" or "examples" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. The illustrative expressions of the above terms in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and do not constitute any limitation on this utility model. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and contents disclosed in this utility model without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of this utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A quantum computer, characterized in that, include: Integrated measurement and control unit; A measurement and control link is used to electrically connect the integrated measurement and control unit and the quantum chip, and the measurement and control link includes active devices; A power module, which is electrically connected to both the integrated measurement and control machine and the active device; A first isolation transformer and / or a second isolation transformer, wherein the first isolation transformer is disposed between the power supply module and the integrated measurement and control machine; and the second isolation transformer is disposed between the power supply module and the active device.

2. The quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the quantum computer includes the second isolation transformer and the active device is of N types: The second isolation transformer is provided with N, and the power module is electrically connected to N kinds of active devices through the N second isolation transformers respectively; or, the second isolation transformer is provided with 1, and the power module is electrically connected to all N kinds of active devices through the second isolation transformer. Where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

3. The quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active device includes at least one of a microwave switch, a room temperature amplifier, a cryogenic amplifier, and a vector network analyzer.

4. The quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated measurement and control unit includes multiple VPX chassis. The VPX chassis is used to provide initial measurement and control signals for the measurement and control link. Each VPX chassis is equipped with a first isolation transformer between itself and the power module.

5. The quantum computer according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes filters, and each output terminal of the VPX chassis is equipped with a filter between it and the corresponding measurement and control link.

6. The quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a first power supply, a third isolation transformer, and a distribution cabinet connected in series. The distribution cabinet is electrically connected to the first isolation transformer and the second isolation transformer, respectively.

7. The quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A dilution refrigerator, the dilution refrigerator including a thermostat, the quantum chip being disposed inside the thermostat, the thermostat having a ground terminal; A switch is installed on the line between the grounding terminal of the thermostat and ground. When the quantum chip is working, the switch is open, and when the quantum chip stops working, the switch is closed.

8. The quantum computer according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the switch and is used to control the opening and closing of the switch.

9. The quantum computer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dilution refrigeration unit also includes a temperature control system and a gas handling system; The quantum computer also includes a second power supply, which is electrically connected to the temperature control system and the gas processing system, respectively.

10. The quantum computer according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a voltage regulator, the input of which is electrically connected to the second power supply, and the output of which is electrically connected to the temperature control system and the gas processing system, respectively.

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