A steel drill clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold frozen soil environment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to permafrost construction auxiliary tool technical field in polar region, especially suitable for the steel drill clamping positioning auxiliary device of polar permafrost environment relates to the prior art steel drill auxiliary device in polar permafrost environment cannot effectively restrain the problem of steel drill hammering rebound, present and propose the following scheme, including the positioning sleeve and the steel drill of vertical and safe insertion in its pipe, the positioning sleeve bottom end is fixedly connected with the positioning bottom plate, and the positioning bottom plate is integrated fixed sleeve and peg rod on, be equipped with two sets of positioning clamping block of up and down in the positioning sleeve, and positioning clamping block is self -locking clamping when steel drill rebound, and the block on the positioning clamping block is connected with the heat conduction block, and the contact surface of heat conduction block and steel drill is equipped with the convex friction piece. The utility model effectively inhibits steel drill rebound through self -locking clamping, prevents low temperature freezing through heat generation by friction, realizes the clamping state switching through hydraulic drive, is suitable for the steel drill implantation construction in minus 30 degrees Celsius polar permafrost environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device, specifically a steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments, belonging to the technical field of auxiliary tools for permafrost construction in extremely cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] During winter construction in the frigid regions of northern China, temperatures in areas such as the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains and the Hunshandake Sandy Land can drop as low as -30 degrees Celsius. The soil becomes extremely hard after freezing, posing significant challenges to the installation of steel rods. Traditional methods typically require two people: one to hold the rod upright while the other hammers it into the ground. This method presents numerous problems under frozen soil conditions: manual alignment makes it difficult to ensure the rod's verticality, especially with the strong hammering force in hard frozen soil, which can easily cause the rod to tilt, affecting construction quality; poor coordination during heavy hammering can easily lead to accidental injuries, and the heavy clothing and limited movement of workers in winter further exacerbate safety risks; the immense resistance during rod installation under frozen soil conditions necessitates repeated hammering, resulting in high labor intensity and low construction efficiency.

[0003] Several auxiliary devices for steel rods exist in the prior art. For example, a steel rod positioning mechanism disclosed in CN216585193U includes a base, a first plate, and a second plate. The suspended edge of the first plate has a V-shaped opening, and the second plate has a through hole corresponding to the opening. The opening and the through hole are staggered to form a positioning hole with a variable cross-sectional area. After the steel rod is inserted into the positioning hole, it can be clamped and fixed while the cross-sectional area of ​​the positioning hole is changed. Another example is a steel rod positioning component and a wire mesh frame device using the positioning component disclosed in CN216442780U, which includes at least one positioning mechanism. The positioning mechanism includes several sets of guide hole structures arranged at equal intervals and a positioning hole structure located below the guide hole structure. In addition, a steel rod straightening frame uses a structure of three fixed support rods connecting the top ring and the bottom ring of the notch to achieve the straightening of the steel rod. However, the aforementioned existing technologies all have significant shortcomings: First, these devices can only provide coarse directional constraints and cannot precisely control the verticality of the steel rod, nor can they adapt to steel rods of different diameters. The steel rod is still prone to deflection during hammering. Second, existing devices lack effective means to suppress the rebound displacement of the steel rod. During the hammering process, the steel rod will rebound significantly due to the elastic reaction force of the frozen soil. The rebound amount of each hammering can exceed 25 mm. The rebound will cause the steel rod to deviate from the predetermined implantation trajectory, which seriously affects the construction accuracy and efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a steel bar clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments, in order to solve the problem that existing steel bar auxiliary devices cannot effectively suppress the rebound of steel bars after hammering in extremely cold permafrost environments.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solution: a steel bar clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments, comprising a positioning sleeve and a steel bar vertically inserted into the sleeve, a positioning base plate fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning sleeve, a fixed sleeve embedded in the permafrost integrated on the positioning base plate, a nail rod movably inserted into the fixed sleeve, the nail rod being limited to rotation within the fixed sleeve and embedded in the permafrost. The positioning sleeve is equipped with two sets of positioning clamps, one upper and one lower. The middle part of the positioning clamps is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve. Both sets of positioning clamps are movably clamped on the outer wall of the steel rod. The positioning clamps are in a self-locking clamping state when the steel rod springs back. A heat-conducting block is limited and connected to the block body of the positioning clamp. The contact surface between the heat-conducting block and the steel rod is provided with a protruding friction plate. Two active hydraulic pipes are installed on the positioning base plate. Two guide rings are fixed to the outer wall of the positioning sleeve. The guide rings are hydraulically connected to each set of positioning clamps. The bottom end of the active hydraulic pipe is movably connected to a limiting nail that penetrates the positioning base plate. The bottom end of the positioning clamp is open outward when the limiting nail extends, and the positioning clamp is free to move when the limiting nail retracts.

[0006] As a further embodiment of this utility model: each set of positioning clamps is arranged in a ring with equal spacing. A rotating docking groove is opened on the outer side wall of the middle block of each positioning clamp. Several connecting seats are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve. Each connecting seat is aligned and assembled in the rotating docking groove opened on the corresponding positioning clamp. A heat-conducting block placement groove is opened on the inner side wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp. The heat-conducting block is embedded in the heat-conducting block placement groove. The placement orientation of the heat-conducting block is perpendicular to the insertion direction of the steel rod. A spring slot is opened on the outer side wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp. A clamp spring is engaged between the spring slot and the inner wall of the positioning sleeve.

[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the upper and lower sets of positioning clamping blocks form two-point clamping on the steel rod, the inner side of the upper end of the positioning clamping block is an outwardly expanding arc surface, and a single positioning clamping block is hinged to the connecting seat of the inner wall of the positioning sleeve through a rotating docking groove to form a rotating pair, and the clamping block spring provides the lower end of the positioning clamping block with an inwardly tightening elastic force.

[0008] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the tube body of the positioning sleeve is provided with a plurality of driven hydraulic chambers that are connected to the liquid guiding ring. The driven hydraulic chambers are arranged in correspondence with the positioning clamps. A driven hydraulic push plate is slidably arranged in the driven hydraulic chamber. A push rod is fixedly connected to the side of the driven hydraulic push plate near the positioning clamp. A push rod return spring is sleeved on the rod body located in the driven hydraulic chamber. The movable end of the push rod abuts against the outer side of the positioning clamp.

[0009] As a further embodiment of this utility model: an active hydraulic push plate is slidably arranged inside the active hydraulic pipe, the bottom surface of the active hydraulic push plate is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting ground nail, and a ground nail return spring is arranged in the cavity above the active hydraulic push plate inside the active hydraulic pipe, and the bottom end of the limiting ground nail is conical.

[0010] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a guide pipe is provided between the hydraulic inner cavity located below the active hydraulic push plate and the guide ring in the active hydraulic pipe. One end of the guide pipe is sealed and connected to the hydraulic inner cavity of the active hydraulic pipe, and the other end of the guide pipe is sealed and connected to the annular inner cavity of the guide ring. The guide pipe bidirectionally transports hydraulic medium between the inner cavity of the active hydraulic pipe and the driven hydraulic cavity, and the hydraulic medium transported in the guide pipe is low-pour-point anti-wear hydraulic oil.

[0011] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the positioning base plate has several fixing holes distributed in a ring at equal intervals, the tube body of the fixing sleeve passes through the fixing holes, the top of the fixing sleeve has an integrally formed retaining ring, and the retaining ring is placed above the fixing hole, the inner wall of the fixing sleeve has a spiral inner groove along the axial direction, the top of the nail rod is fixedly connected to a hexagonal wrench interface, the outer wall of the nail rod is surrounded by spiral blades, and the spiral blades slide and are embedded in the spiral inner groove when the nail rod is inserted into the fixing sleeve.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model: the positioning base plate located directly below the positioning sleeve has a through hole for the steel rod to slide through and slide.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. The positioning sleeve provided by this utility model provides a vertical support frame for the steel rod, and the positioning base plate serves as the bottom foundation of the positioning sleeve, increasing the contact area between the device and the frozen ground, preventing the device from sinking or tilting due to excessive local pressure during hammering. The fixing sleeve provides initial fixation, and the nail rod is limited to rotation within the fixing sleeve and buried in the frozen soil, forming a reliable secondary anchoring connection between the device and the frozen ground layer, effectively resisting the upward pull-out force and lateral impact force generated by hammering operations, and ensuring the positional stability of the entire device under repeated hammering conditions. 2. This utility model has two sets of positioning clamps inside the positioning sleeve. The positioning clamps are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve through the middle part to form a lever-type clamping structure. This allows the lower end of the positioning clamp to automatically retract inward when the steel rod rebounds upward to form a self-locking clamp, converting the rebound energy of the steel rod into the driving force of the clamping force, thereby achieving immediate suppression of the steel rod's rebound displacement. The heat-conducting block is limited and connected to the block body of the positioning clamp as a heat conduction medium to transfer frictional heat to the entire clamp. The protruding friction plate is set on the contact surface between the heat-conducting block and the steel rod. When the steel rod slides back and forth relative to the positioning clamp, the protruding structure generates concentrated contact stress and intense friction, directly converting the mechanical energy of the steel rod hammering into heat energy. This heat energy is conducted through the heat-conducting block to the various moving mating surfaces inside the positioning clamp and the positioning sleeve, preventing the rotating connection pair and sliding contact surface from freezing and failing due to water vapor condensing into ice in extremely low temperature environments. 3. The active hydraulic pipe and guide ring of this utility model constitute a hydraulic transmission circuit. The tip of the limiting nail can be inserted into the frozen soil to initially limit the device during the fixed installation. When the limiting nail extends, the driving hydraulic medium is transmitted to the positioning clamp through the active hydraulic pipe and guide ring, forcing the lower end of the positioning clamp to open outward and release the self-locking clamping state of the steel rod so that the steel rod can move up and down and adjust its position freely during non-hammering periods. When the limiting nail retracts, the hydraulic medium flows back, allowing the positioning clamp to return to its free movement state. The initial limiting of the device by the limiting nail, the initial fixing of the device by the fixing sleeve, and the secondary anchoring connection of the nail rod together constitute a triple fixation of the device. When the device needs to be removed from the steel rod, lifting the positioning base plate will cause the limiting nail to extend, thereby switching the working mode of the positioning clamp. This achieves convenient operation by simply lifting the positioning base plate to switch between the clamping and releasing states, avoiding the risk of frostbite caused by the operator directly contacting the extremely low temperature metal parts. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the positioning sleeve and positioning base plate of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the positioning sleeve and one set of positioning clamps of this utility model; Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This utility model Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the split cross-sectional structure of the positioning clamp and the heat-conducting block of this utility model; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the docking structure of the fixing sleeve and the nail rod of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fixed sleeve of this utility model.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Positioning sleeve; 11. Fluid guide ring; 12. Connecting seat; 13. Driven hydraulic chamber; 14. Driven hydraulic push plate; 15. Push rod; 16. Push rod return spring; 2. Positioning base plate; 21. Active hydraulic pipe; 22. Fluid guide pipe; 23. Limiting ground spike; 24. Active hydraulic push plate; 25. Ground spike return spring; 26. Through hole; 27. Fixing hole; 3. Steel rod; 4. Fixing sleeve; 41. Retaining ring; 42. Spiral inner groove; 5. Peg rod; 51. Hexagonal wrench interface; 52. Spiral blade; 6. Positioning clamp; 61. Heat-conducting block; 62. Clamp spring; 63. Rotating docking groove; 64. Heat-conducting block placement groove; 65. Spring slot; 66. Protruding friction plate. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments includes a positioning sleeve 1 and a steel rod 3 vertically inserted into the sleeve. The bottom end of the positioning sleeve 1 is fixedly connected to a positioning base plate 2. A fixing sleeve 4 buried in the permafrost is integrated on the positioning base plate 2. A nail rod 5 is movably inserted into the fixing sleeve 4. The nail rod 5 is limited to rotating within the fixing sleeve 4 and buried in the permafrost. The positioning sleeve 1 provides a vertical support frame for the steel rod 3. The positioning base plate 2 serves as the bottom foundation of the positioning sleeve 1, increasing the contact area between the device and the permafrost surface and preventing the device from sinking or tilting due to excessive local pressure during hammering. The device is fixed through the cooperation of the fixing sleeve 4 and the nail rod 5. The fixing sleeve 4 provides initial fixation. Then, the nail rod 5 is limited to rotating within the fixing sleeve 4 and buried in the permafrost, so that a reliable secondary anchoring connection is formed between the device and the permafrost layer, effectively resisting the upward pull-out force and lateral impact force generated by the hammering operation, and ensuring the positional stability of the entire device under repeated hammering conditions. The positioning sleeve 1 is equipped with two sets of positioning clamping blocks 6, one upper and one lower. The middle part of the positioning clamping block 6 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1. Both sets of positioning clamping blocks 6 are movably clamped on the outer wall of the steel rod 3. The positioning clamping blocks 6 are in a self-locking clamping state when the steel rod 3 rebounds. A heat-conducting block 61 is limited and connected to the block body of the positioning clamping block 6. The contact surface between the heat-conducting block 61 and the steel rod 3 is provided with a protruding friction plate 66. The two sets of positioning clamping blocks 6 inside the positioning sleeve 1 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1 through their middle parts, forming a lever-type clamping structure. This allows the lower end of the positioning clamping block 6 to automatically retract inward to form a self-locking clamp when the steel rod 3 rebounds upward, converting the rebound energy of the steel rod 3 into... As the driving force for clamping force, the heat-conducting block 61 is connected to the block of the positioning clamping block 6 as a heat conduction medium to transfer frictional heat to the entire clamping block. The protruding friction plate 66 is set on the contact surface between the heat-conducting block 61 and the steel rod 3. When the steel rod 3 slides back and forth relative to the positioning clamping block 6, the protruding structure generates concentrated contact stress and intense friction, which directly converts the mechanical energy of the steel rod 3 hammering into heat energy. This heat energy is conducted through the heat-conducting block 61 to the moving mating surfaces of the positioning clamping block 6 and the positioning sleeve 1, preventing the rotating connection pair and sliding contact surface from freezing and failing due to water vapor condensing into ice in extremely low temperature environments. Two active hydraulic pipes 21 are provided on the positioning base plate 2. Two guide rings 11 are fixed to the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 1. The guide rings 11 are hydraulically connected to each set of positioning clamps 6. The bottom end of the active hydraulic pipe 21 is movably connected to a limiting nail 23 that penetrates the positioning base plate 2. The bottom end of the positioning clamp 6 opens outward when the limiting nail 23 extends, and moves freely when the limiting nail 23 retracts. The active hydraulic pipes 21 and the guide rings 11 form a hydraulic transmission circuit. It should be noted that the two active hydraulic pipes 21 are located on both sides of the positioning sleeve 1. The two guide rings 11 are arranged in upper and lower layers on the body of the positioning sleeve 1. The active hydraulic pipe 21 on one side of the positioning sleeve 1 is connected to the guide ring 11 on the lower layer, and the active hydraulic pipe 21 on the other side of the positioning sleeve 1 is connected to the guide ring 11 on the upper layer. When the limiting nail 23 extends, the driving hydraulic medium passes through the active hydraulic pipe 21. The hydraulic fluid is transmitted to the positioning clamp 6 by the guide ring 11, forcing the lower end of the positioning clamp 6 to open outward, releasing the self-locking clamping state of the steel rod 3 so that the steel rod 3 can move up and down freely and adjust its position during non-hammering periods. When the limiting nail 23 retracts, the hydraulic medium flows back to restore the positioning clamp 6 to a free-moving state. The limiting nail 23 can also play a preliminary limiting role for the device. When the device is fixedly installed, the tip of the limiting nail 23 can be inserted into the frozen soil to ensure that the device maintains a preliminary stable position. Then, the device is initially fixed through the fixing sleeve 4, and then the nail rod 5 provides a secondary anchoring connection, forming a triple fixation for the device. When the fixing sleeve 4 provides preliminary fixation for the device, the limiting nail 23 is retracted into the active hydraulic pipe 21. When the device needs to be removed from the steel rod 3, lifting the positioning base plate 2 will cause the limiting nail 23 to extend, thereby realizing the switching between the clamping and releasing working modes of the limiting nail 23 on the positioning clamp 6.

[0018] Example 2 Improvements based on Example 1: like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, each group of positioning clamps 6 is arranged in a ring with equal spacing. A rotating docking groove 63 is provided on the outer wall of the middle section of each positioning clamp 6. Several connecting seats 12 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1. Each connecting seat 12 is aligned and assembled within the rotating docking groove 63 of the corresponding positioning clamp 6. A heat-conducting block placement groove 64 is provided on the inner wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp 6. A heat-conducting block 61 is embedded in the heat-conducting block placement groove 64, with the embedding orientation of the heat-conducting block 61 perpendicular to the insertion direction of the steel rod 3. A spring retainer groove 65 is provided on the outer wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp 6. A clamping spring 62 is engaged between the spring retainer groove 65 and the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1. The ring-shaped arrangement of positioning clamps 6 ensures that each positioning clamp 6 evenly surrounds the steel rod 3 circumferentially, applying uniform force to the steel rod 3 during self-locking. The radial clamping force prevents the steel rod 3 from bending or deflecting due to unilateral force. The rotating docking groove 63 is opened on the outer side wall of the middle block of the positioning clamping block 6 and is aligned with the connecting seat 12 on the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1, so that the positioning clamping block 6 forms a lever structure with the middle as the fulcrum, thereby achieving a sensitive clamping response. The heat-conducting block placement groove 64 is opened on the inner side wall of the lower end of the positioning clamping block 6 for embedding the heat-conducting block 61, and the embedding position of the heat-conducting block 61 is set perpendicular to the insertion direction of the steel rod 3, so as to prevent the heat-conducting block 61 from being loosened by vertical friction. The spring slot 65 is opened on the outer side wall of the lower end of the positioning clamping block 6 and clamps the clamping block spring 62 between it and the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1, so that the positioning clamping block 6 always maintains a pre-tightening tendency toward the steel rod 3, ensuring that the positioning clamping block 6 can close in time and respond to self-locking during the hammering gap or slight rebound.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper and lower sets of positioning clamps 6 form a two-point clamping on the steel rod 3. The inner side of the upper end of the positioning clamp 6 is an outwardly expanding arc surface. A single positioning clamp 6 is hinged to the connecting seat 12 on the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1 through the rotating docking groove 63 to form a rotating pair. The clamp spring 62 provides an inwardly tightening pre-tightening force to the lower end of the positioning clamp 6. The two-point clamping on the steel rod 3 by the upper and lower sets of positioning clamps 6 can provide more stable radial constraints, effectively limiting the angular deflection of the steel rod 3 in the vertical direction, and ensuring the verticality of the steel rod 3 in the frozen soil. The outwardly expanding arc surface structure of the inner side of the upper end of the positioning clamp 6 facilitates the automatic pushing open of each positioning clamp 6 when the steel rod 3 smoothly enters the positioning sleeve 1 from top to bottom. The clamp spring 62 provides an inwardly tightening pre-tightening force to the lower end of the positioning clamp 6. At the moment of the steel rod 3 rebound, the pre-tightening force and the rebound force work together to accelerate the self-locking response speed.

[0020] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the positioning sleeve 1 has several driven hydraulic chambers 13 connected to the guide ring 11 inside its tube body. Each driven hydraulic chamber 13 corresponds to a positioning clamp 6. A driven hydraulic push plate 14 is slidably disposed within the driven hydraulic chamber 13. A stop rod 15 is fixedly connected to the side of the driven hydraulic push plate 14 near the positioning clamp 6. A stop rod return spring 16 is sleeved on the rod body of the stop rod 15 located within the driven hydraulic chamber 13. The movable end of the stop rod 15 abuts against the outer side of the positioning clamp 6. The driven hydraulic chambers 13 connected to the positioning sleeve 1 have several driven hydraulic chambers 13 connected to the guide ring 11 inside its tube body. The hydraulic chamber 13 is connected to the guide ring 11 and is set one-to-one with the positioning clamp 6 to form an independent hydraulic drive unit, so that the opening action of each positioning clamp 6 can be hydraulically driven individually. The driven hydraulic push plate 14 slides in the driven hydraulic chamber 13 and converts the hydraulic pressure into mechanical thrust. The abutment rod 15 transmits the thrust to the outer side of the positioning clamp 6. The abutment rod return spring 16 can automatically push the abutment rod 15 and the driven hydraulic push plate 14 back to their original positions after the hydraulic pressure is released, realizing the self-reset of the hydraulic drive.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an active hydraulic push plate 24 is slidably installed inside the active hydraulic pipe 21. The bottom surface of the active hydraulic push plate 24 is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting ground nail 23. A ground nail return spring 25 is installed in the cavity above the active hydraulic push plate 24 inside the active hydraulic pipe 21. The bottom end of the limiting ground nail 23 is conical. When the device is initially fixed by the fixing sleeve 4, the positioning base plate 2 can move downward from a suspended state to be placed on the frozen soil surface, thereby causing the limiting ground nail 23 to retract and drive the active hydraulic push plate 24 in the active hydraulic pipe 21. The internal sliding mechanism converts mechanical external force into hydraulic driving force. It is located in the cavity above the active hydraulic push plate 24 within the active hydraulic pipe 21. When the positioning base plate 2 is lifted upward, the ground nail return spring 25 pushes the active hydraulic push plate 24 and the limiting ground nail 23 downward back to their initial positions, realizing the automatic reset of the limiting ground nail 23. When the limiting ground nail 23 is in the extended state, its tip is buried in the frozen soil to provide initial limiting anchoring force. When it is in the retracted state, the anchoring is released to facilitate the movement of the device. It integrates the functions of anchoring and hydraulic drive in one device.

[0022] Furthermore, a guide pipe 22 is provided between the hydraulic cavity below the active hydraulic push plate 24 and the guide ring 11 within the active hydraulic pipe 21. One end of the guide pipe 22 is sealed and connected to the hydraulic cavity of the active hydraulic pipe 21, and the other end is sealed and connected to the annular cavity of the guide ring 11. The guide pipe 22 bidirectionally transports hydraulic medium between the active hydraulic pipe 21 cavity and the driven hydraulic cavity 13. The hydraulic medium transported in the guide pipe 22 is low-pour-point anti-wear hydraulic oil. The bidirectional transport of hydraulic medium in the guide pipe 22 between the active hydraulic pipe 21 cavity and the driven hydraulic cavity 13 achieves synchronous linkage between the extension action of the limiting ground nail 23 and the opening action of the positioning clamp 6, as well as synchronous linkage between the retraction action of the limiting ground nail 23 and the movable clamping action of the positioning clamp 6. The hydraulic medium transported in the guide pipe 22 is low-pour-point anti-wear hydraulic oil with a pour point below -40℃. It maintains sufficient fluidity and pumpability even in extremely cold environments of -30℃, ensuring hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic system operates normally under extremely low temperature conditions. It should be noted that the mating seals between the fluid guide pipe 22, the active hydraulic pipe 21, and the driven hydraulic chamber 13 are made of low-temperature resistant nitrile rubber, with an operating temperature range as low as -40℃. Even in extremely cold environments, it maintains sufficient elasticity and sealing integrity. The fluid guide pipe 22 is a low-temperature resistant high-pressure hose with a smooth inner wall and an outer layer of low-temperature resistant rubber protection, preventing embrittlement and cracking at -30℃. The inner walls of the active hydraulic pipe 21 and the driven hydraulic chamber 13 are precision machined, and the clearances between the active hydraulic pipe 21 and the active hydraulic push plate 24, as well as between the driven hydraulic chamber 13 and the driven hydraulic push plate 14, are controlled within the range of 0.02-0.05 mm, effectively preventing leakage of the hydraulic medium due to material shrinkage at low temperatures. The threaded connections between components are coated with low-temperature resistant sealant to ensure that the connections do not loosen or leak under repeated temperature fluctuations. Through the above comprehensive measures, this device is ensured to be suitable for extremely cold environments of -30℃ and below, and each component can withstand a low temperature of -40℃.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the positioning base plate 2 has several annularly spaced fixing holes 27. The fixing sleeve 4 passes through the fixing holes 27. A retaining ring 41 is integrally formed at the top of the fixing sleeve 4 and is locked above the fixing holes 27. A spiral groove 42 is formed along the axial direction on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 4. A hexagonal wrench interface 51 is fixedly connected to the top of the nail rod 5. A spiral blade 52 is arranged around the outer wall of the nail rod 5. The spiral blade 52 slides and is embedded in the spiral groove 42 when the nail rod 5 is inserted into the fixing sleeve 4. The fixing holes 27 provide uniformly arranged installation positions for the fixing sleeve 4. The fixing sleeve 4 passes through the fixing holes 27, so that the whole device forms multi-point anchorage with the frozen soil, thereby improving the pull-out bearing capacity. The retaining ring 41 at the top of the fixing sleeve 4 is locked above the fixing holes 27 to restrict the fixing sleeve 4 from being hammered. During vibration, the screw slides downwards, ensuring that the fixed sleeve 4 always maintains the correct axial position. The spiral groove 42 on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 4 slides and engages with the spiral blade 52 on the body of the nail rod 5, so that when the nail rod 5 is subjected to rotational driving force, it rotates downwards along the spiral groove 42, converting the rotational motion into linear feed motion. At the same time, the spiral blade 52 of the nail rod 5 forms a threaded anchoring effect in the frozen soil, which greatly improves the pull-out bearing capacity of the nail rod 5. The hexagonal wrench interface 51 at the top of the nail rod 5 is easy to connect with a standard ratchet wrench or electric wrench to achieve quick screwing in and out. Moreover, when the nail rod 5 is inserted into the fixed sleeve 4, the spiral blade 52 slides and is embedded in the spiral groove 42, so that the nail rod 5 can only enter and exit the fixed sleeve 4 by rotation and cannot be pulled out directly, eliminating the possibility of the nail rod 5 loosening due to hammering vibration.

[0024] Furthermore, the positioning base plate 2, located directly below the positioning sleeve 1, has a through hole 26 for the steel rod 3 to slide vertically through it. The through hole 26 allows the steel rod 3 to pass through the inside of the positioning sleeve 1 and the two sets of positioning clamps 6 and then further downward through the positioning base plate 2 into the frozen soil. The diameter of the through hole 26 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel rod 3 but smaller than the inner diameter of the positioning sleeve 1. During the penetration of the steel rod 3, it provides a final radial constraint on the lower end of the steel rod 3, further ensuring the verticality of the steel rod 3.

[0025] Working principle: The entire device is placed on the frozen soil surface to be constructed. The lower surface of the positioning base plate 2 is above the frozen soil. The pointed conical bottom end of the limiting ground nail 23 at the bottom of the positioning base plate 2 is first inserted into the surface of the frozen soil to provide initial positioning for the device and ensure that the device will not slide horizontally before subsequent operations. Then, the fixing sleeve 4 is inserted through the fixing hole 27 of the positioning base plate 2 and hammered into the frozen soil. The retaining ring 41 at the top of the fixing sleeve 4 is placed above the fixing hole 27 to limit the excessive submersion of the fixing sleeve 4. The fixing sleeve 4 provides initial fixation for the device. Then, the nail rod 5 is inserted into the fixing sleeve 4. The nail rod 5 is driven to rotate by the wrench connected to the hexagonal wrench interface 51. The spiral blade 52 of the nail rod 5 slides along the spiral groove 42 on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 4, so that the nail rod 5 is screwed down into the depth of the frozen soil during rotation, realizing the secondary anchoring connection between the device and the frozen soil layer. During the screwing of the nail rod 5, the limiting ground nail 23 is retracted into the active hydraulic pipe 21. At this time, the triple fixation of the device is completed. Insert the steel rod 3 through the upper opening of the positioning sleeve 1. When the steel rod 3 passes through the upper positioning clamp 6 and the lower positioning clamp 6 downwards, the inner side of the upper end of the positioning clamp 6 has an outwardly expanding arc structure, which allows the steel rod 3 to pass smoothly through the two sets of positioning clamp 6. Then the steel rod 3 passes through the perforation 26 of the positioning base plate 2, and the lower end of the steel rod 3 contacts the frozen soil surface at the position to be implanted. The operator hammers the top of the steel rod 3, and the steel rod 3 penetrates the frozen soil under the hammering force. During each hammering, the steel rod 3 produces a downward feed displacement. At the same time, the steel rod 3 rebounds upward due to the elastic reaction force of the frozen soil. When the steel rod 3 rebounds upward, the pre-tightening force provided by the clamping spring 62 of the positioning clamping block 6 and the rebound force work together to accelerate the inward contraction of the lower end of the positioning clamping block 6. The inner side of the lower end of the positioning clamping block 6 tightly fits against the outer wall of the steel rod 3 to form a self-locking clamp, thereby suppressing the rebound displacement of the steel rod 3. When the steel rod 3 moves downward relative to the positioning clamp 6, the protruding friction plate 66 on the contact surface of the heat-conducting block 61 in the heat-conducting block placement groove 64 on the inner side wall of the lower end of the positioning clamp 6 generates concentrated contact stress and intense friction with the outer wall of the steel rod 3, directly converting the mechanical energy of the steel rod 3 being hammered into heat energy. This heat energy is conducted to the positioning clamp 6 and its connection with the positioning sleeve 1 through the heat-conducting block 61, preventing the rotating connection pair and sliding contact surface from freezing and failing due to water vapor condensing into ice in extremely low temperature environments. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the steel rod 3 or remove the steel rod 3 from the positioning sleeve 1, the operator lifts the positioning base plate 2 upwards. The positioning base plate 2 moves upwards from its position on the frozen soil surface. Under the combined action of gravity and the ground nail return spring 25, the limiting ground nail 23 extends out from the active hydraulic pipe 21. When the limiting ground nail 23 extends, it pushes the active hydraulic push plate 24 to slide inside the active hydraulic pipe 21, pushing the low-freezing anti-wear hydraulic oil in the active hydraulic pipe 21 through the guide pipe 22 to the guide ring 11 on the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 1. The guide ring 11 distributes the hydraulic oil to each driven hydraulic chamber 13. The hydraulic oil pushes the driven hydraulic push plate 14, which in turn pushes the abutment rod 15. The movable end of the abutment rod 15 abuts against the outer side of the positioning clamp 6 and pushes the lower part of the positioning clamp 6. When the end opens outward, the self-locking clamping state of the steel rod 3 is released, and the steel rod 3 can move freely up and down in the positioning sleeve 1 for removal or adjustment. When the operator puts the positioning base plate 2 back on the frozen soil surface, the limiting nail 23 retracts into the active hydraulic pipe 21 under the gravity of the positioning base plate 2, the active hydraulic push plate 24 moves upward to make the hydraulic oil flow back, and the push rod return spring 16 pushes the driven hydraulic push plate 14 and push rod 15 back to their original positions. The positioning clamp 6 returns to the pre-tightened state of inward contraction under the action of the clamp spring 62, and continues to maintain the movable clamping state of the steel rod 3. After the construction is completed, the nail rod 5 is rotated in the opposite direction to make it rotate upward along the spiral inner groove 42 to get out of the frozen soil, and then the fixing sleeve 4 is pulled out, so that the entire device can be moved out of the construction position.

[0026] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0027] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments, comprising a positioning sleeve (1) and a steel rod (3) vertically inserted into the sleeve, characterized in that: The bottom end of the positioning sleeve (1) is fixedly connected to the positioning base plate (2), and the positioning base plate (2) is integrated with the fixed sleeve (4) buried in the frozen soil. A nail rod (5) is movably inserted in the fixed sleeve (4), and the nail rod (5) is limited to rotate in the fixed sleeve (4) and buried in the frozen soil. The positioning sleeve (1) is provided with two sets of positioning clamps (6), one upper and one lower. The middle part of the positioning clamps (6) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve (1). Both sets of positioning clamps (6) are movably clamped on the outer wall of the steel rod (3). The positioning clamps (6) are in a self-locking clamping state when the steel rod (3) rebounds. A heat-conducting block (61) is limited and connected to the block body of the positioning clamps (6). The contact surface between the heat-conducting block (61) and the steel rod (3) is provided with a protruding friction plate (66). Two active hydraulic pipes (21) are provided on the positioning base plate (2). Two liquid guide rings (11) are fixed to the outer wall of the positioning sleeve (1). The liquid guide rings (11) are hydraulically connected to each set of positioning clamps (6). The bottom end of the active hydraulic pipe (21) is movably connected to a limiting nail (23) that penetrates the positioning base plate (2). The bottom end of the positioning clamp (6) is open outward when the limiting nail (23) is extended. The positioning clamp (6) is free to move when the limiting nail (23) is retracted.

2. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each group of positioning clamps (6) is arranged in a ring with equal spacing. A rotating docking groove (63) is opened on the outer side wall of the middle block of each positioning clamp (6). Several connecting seats (12) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve (1). Each connecting seat (12) is aligned and assembled in the rotating docking groove (63) opened on the corresponding positioning clamp (6). A heat-conducting block placement groove (64) is opened on the inner side wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp (6). The heat-conducting block (61) is embedded in the heat-conducting block placement groove (64). The placement orientation of the heat-conducting block (61) is perpendicular to the insertion direction of the steel rod (3). A spring slot (65) is opened on the outer side wall of the lower end of each positioning clamp (6). A clamp spring (62) is clamped between the spring slot (65) and the inner wall of the positioning sleeve (1).

3. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower sets of positioning clamps (6) form two-point clamping on the steel rod (3). The inner side of the upper end of the positioning clamp (6) is an outwardly expanding arc surface. A single positioning clamp (6) is hinged to the connecting seat (12) of the inner wall of the positioning sleeve (1) through the rotating docking groove (63) to form a rotating pair. The clamp spring (62) provides an inwardly tightening elastic force for the lower end of the positioning clamp (6).

4. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning sleeve (1) has several driven hydraulic chambers (13) connected to the liquid guide ring (11) inside its tube body. Each driven hydraulic chamber (13) is corresponding to a positioning clamp (6). A driven hydraulic push plate (14) is slidably arranged inside the driven hydraulic chamber (13). A stop rod (15) is fixedly connected to the side of the driven hydraulic push plate (14) near the positioning clamp (6). A stop rod return spring (16) is sleeved on the rod of the stop rod (15) located in the driven hydraulic chamber (13). The movable end of the stop rod (15) abuts against the outer side of the positioning clamp (6).

5. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: An active hydraulic push plate (24) is slidably arranged inside the active hydraulic pipe (21). The bottom surface of the active hydraulic push plate (24) is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting ground nail (23). A ground nail return spring (25) is arranged in the cavity above the active hydraulic push plate (24) inside the active hydraulic pipe (21). The bottom end of the limiting ground nail (23) is conical.

6. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide pipe (22) is provided between the hydraulic cavity below the active hydraulic push plate (24) and the guide ring (11) in the active hydraulic pipe (21). One end of the guide pipe (22) is sealed and connected to the hydraulic cavity of the active hydraulic pipe (21), and the other end of the guide pipe (22) is sealed and connected to the annular cavity of the guide ring (11). The guide pipe (22) bidirectionally transports hydraulic medium between the cavity of the active hydraulic pipe (21) and the driven hydraulic cavity (13), and the hydraulic medium transported in the guide pipe (22) is low-pour-point anti-wear hydraulic oil.

7. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning base plate (2) has several fixed holes (27) arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The tube body of the fixing sleeve (4) passes through the fixing holes (27). The top end of the fixing sleeve (4) is integrally formed with a retaining ring (41), and the retaining ring (41) is placed above the fixing hole (27). The inner wall of the fixing sleeve (4) is provided with a spiral inner groove (42) along the axial direction. The top end of the nail rod (5) is fixed with a hexagonal wrench interface (51). The outer wall of the nail rod (5) is surrounded by spiral blades (52), and the spiral blades (52) slide and embed in the spiral inner groove (42) when the nail rod (5) is inserted into the fixing sleeve (4).

8. The steel rod clamping and positioning auxiliary device suitable for extremely cold permafrost environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning base plate (2) located directly below the positioning sleeve (1) has a through hole (26) for the steel rod (3) to slide through and through.

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