Automatic dangerous material feeding device

Abstract

The utility model provides an automatic feeding device of dangerous material, including support, install lifting mechanism on the support, lifting mechanism is connected with hopper fixedly, install sealing cover on the hopper, the lower end of hopper is communicated with the discharge pipe through the unloader, the hopper is communicated with nitrogen source through first nitrogen pipe, is communicated with exhaust pipe on the hopper, install first solenoid valve, first throttle valve and first pressure sensor on first nitrogen pipe, install check valve and second solenoid valve on exhaust pipe, still include controller, first pressure sensor connects controller input end, first solenoid valve and second solenoid valve connect controller output end, the utility model discloses be used for solving the problem of dangerous material back to the workshop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fine chemical equipment and relates to an automatic feeding device for hazardous materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of fine chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis, and hazardous waste treatment, the feeding of hazardous materials (such as flammable solids, toxic liquids, and corrosive powders) is a critical step in production and a key area for safety management. Currently, the industry's feeding methods still have significant shortcomings, making it difficult to balance safety and efficiency: On the one hand, traditional manual feeding requires operators to directly contact hazardous materials, which not only easily leads to health risks due to material leakage and scattering, but also relies on manual estimation or simple tools for measurement, resulting in poor feeding accuracy. Furthermore, it is limited by the intensity of manual operation, leading to low efficiency and failing to meet the needs of continuous production. On the other hand, while existing simple mechanical feeding devices reduce some manual contact, they still have core shortcomings: First, they lack effective designs to prevent gas backflow, and toxic and flammable gases produced by the reaction in the reaction tank can easily flow back into the workshop along the hopper or discharge pipe, causing safety hazards; second, for high-viscosity and easily agglomerated hazardous materials, problems such as hopper bridging and discharge pipe blockage can easily occur, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning and interrupting the production process; third, most of them are fixed structures, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the feeding height and work position of different reaction tanks, resulting in poor adaptability and increasing the equipment investment cost for enterprises. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic feeding device for hazardous materials, which can solve the problems of hazardous gas backflow, personnel contact risk, material conveying stability and scenario adaptability.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: An automatic hazardous material feeding device includes a support frame with a lifting mechanism fixedly connected to a hopper. A sealing cover is installed on the hopper. The lower end of the hopper is connected to a discharge pipe via a discharge device. The hopper is connected to a nitrogen source via a first nitrogen pipe. An exhaust pipe is connected to the hopper. A first solenoid valve, a first throttle valve, and a first pressure sensor are installed on the first nitrogen pipe. A one-way valve and a second solenoid valve are installed on the exhaust pipe. The device also includes a controller. The first pressure sensor is connected to the controller input, and the first and second solenoid valves are connected to the controller output.

[0005] Furthermore, multiple vibrators are installed on the hopper. The vibrators are connected to a compressed air source through a first air inlet pipe. A third solenoid valve is installed on the first air inlet pipe and is connected to the output of the controller.

[0006] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a locking cylinder, and a fourth solenoid valve and a fifth solenoid valve, which are respectively used to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder and to clamp and lock, are connected to the output end of the controller.

[0007] Furthermore, the discharge pipe is connected to a nitrogen source via a second nitrogen pipe. A sixth solenoid valve, a second throttle valve, and a second pressure sensor are installed on the second nitrogen pipe. The second pressure sensor is connected to the controller input, and the sixth solenoid valve is connected to the controller output. Furthermore, a load cell is installed on the bracket, and the load cell is connected to the input terminal of the controller.

[0008] Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge are installed on the pipe connecting the nitrogen source to the first nitrogen pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an exhaust pipe, one end of which is connected to the waste gas treatment unit, and the hopper is connected to the exhaust pipe through an exhaust pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the discharge pipe is connected to the connecting pipe via a flexible hose.

[0011] Furthermore, casters are installed on the bracket.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This device introduces nitrogen into the hopper through the first nitrogen pipe. In conjunction with the exhaust pipe and closed-loop pressure control, nitrogen can be used to replace the air in the hopper before feeding, eliminating the potential for air to react with hazardous materials. During feeding, the controller dynamically adjusts the nitrogen flow rate based on feedback from the first pressure sensor, maintaining a continuous positive pressure in the hopper. Simultaneously, nitrogen is introduced through the discharge pipe via the second nitrogen pipe to form an auxiliary positive pressure. This dual positive pressure structure can completely block the backflow path of hazardous gases in the reaction tank. In addition, the exhaust pipe is connected to the waste gas treatment unit, so even if a small amount of hazardous gas is mixed into the hopper, it can be discharged after harmless treatment, avoiding environmental pollution and workshop safety risks.

[0013] 2. Relying on the lifting mechanism and casters, the device can be flexibly moved to the target work position and the height of the hopper can be precisely adjusted to adapt to the feeding needs of different reaction tanks. During the material filling and feeding process, the weighing sensor provides real-time feedback of weight data, and the controller automatically calculates the amount of material and adjusts the operation of the unloader. No personnel need to directly contact hazardous materials throughout the process, which greatly reduces the risk of personnel exposure. At the same time, automated control replaces manual measurement and operation, which significantly improves the feeding accuracy and reduces side reactions caused by ratio deviations.

[0014] 3. The vibrator on the hopper can be automatically activated according to the material conveying status to break up clumps of material and prevent bridging in the hopper. With the nitrogen-assisted push of the discharge pipe, it can effectively reduce material residue and blockage in the pipe and avoid frequent shutdowns for cleaning. The automated feeding process does not require manual intervention, can run continuously and stably, greatly improves feeding efficiency, and is suitable for the continuous production needs of enterprises. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the various electrical components of this utility model.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Connecting pipe; 2. Hose; 3. Discharge pipe; 4. Unloader; 5. Vibrator; 6. Sealing cap; 7. Hopper; 8. Locking cylinder; 9. Bracket; 10. Caster wheel; 11. Fourth solenoid valve; 12. Fifth solenoid valve; 13. Third solenoid valve; 14. Second solenoid valve; 15. Drain pipe; 16. First pressure sensor; 17. First solenoid valve; 18. Pressure gauge; 19. Pressure reducing valve; 20. Sixth solenoid valve; 21. Second pressure sensor; 22. Weighing sensor; 23. Controller; 24. Touch screen. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an automatic feeding device for hazardous materials includes a support 9, on which a lifting mechanism is mounted. The lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to a hopper 7. A sealing cover 6 is mounted on the hopper 7. The lower end of the hopper 7 is connected to a discharge pipe 3 via a discharger 4. The hopper 7 is connected to a nitrogen source via a first nitrogen pipe. An exhaust pipe is connected to the hopper 7. A first solenoid valve 17 (such as a two-position two-way solenoid valve), a first throttle valve, and a first pressure sensor 16 are mounted on the first nitrogen pipe. A one-way valve and a second solenoid valve 14 (such as a two-position two-way solenoid valve) are mounted on the exhaust pipe. The device also includes a controller (such as a PLC). The first pressure sensor 16 is connected to the controller input terminal, and the first solenoid valve 17 and the second solenoid valve 14 are connected to the controller output terminal.

[0019] The support frame 9 provides a foundation for the entire device. The lifting mechanism can adjust the hopper 7 to a height suitable for the reaction vessel, allowing the discharge pipe 3 to quickly connect with the reaction vessel. The sealing cover 6 on the hopper 7 can seal the opening of the hopper 7 to isolate it from the external environment. Hazardous materials in the hopper 7 are discharged at a controlled pace by the unloader 4 at the lower end, and then transported to the reaction vessel through the discharge pipe 3. At the same time, nitrogen is introduced into the hopper 7 through the first nitrogen pipe. The first pressure sensor 16 on the first nitrogen pipe detects the pressure in the hopper 7 in real time and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller controls the opening and closing of the first solenoid valve 17 according to the preset pressure threshold to regulate the nitrogen supply. The first throttle valve helps stabilize the nitrogen flow rate, the exhaust pipe on hopper 7 is used to discharge excess gas, and the one-way valve on it can prevent external gas from flowing back into hopper 7. The second solenoid valve 14 is controlled by the controller to adjust the pressure inside hopper 7, so that hopper 7 is kept under pressurized nitrogen throughout the feeding process. Thus, through nitrogen pressurization and pressure closed-loop control, the toxic, flammable and other dangerous gases generated by the reaction of materials in the reaction tank are effectively blocked from being discharged back into the workshop air through hopper 7, fundamentally solving the safety hazard of dangerous materials being discharged back into the workshop, and realizing the closed-loop automatic feeding of dangerous materials, reducing the risk of personnel contact with dangerous materials.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple vibrators 5 are installed on the hopper 7. The vibrators 5 are connected to a compressed air source through a first air inlet pipe. A third solenoid valve 13 (such as a two-position two-way solenoid valve) is installed on the first air inlet pipe and is connected to the output of the controller. When material bridging or blockage occurs in the hopper 7, causing poor unloading, the controller will send a signal to the third solenoid valve 13 based on the material conveying status (such as the operation feedback of the unloader 4 or the weight change rate of the weighing sensor 22), controlling the third solenoid valve 13 to open. Compressed air enters the vibrator 5 through the first air inlet pipe, driving the vibrator 5 to vibrate. The vibration energy is transferred to the wall of the hopper 7, loosening the material attached to the inner wall of the hopper 7 or causing it to fall smoothly. This effectively prevents dangerous materials from bridging or blocking in the hopper 7, ensuring a continuous and stable unloading process, avoiding interruptions in feeding due to material blockage, improving the efficiency and stability of dangerous material feeding, and eliminating the need for manual cleaning of blocked materials, further reducing the risk of personnel contact with dangerous materials.

[0021] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a locking cylinder 8, and a fourth solenoid valve 11 (such as a three-position five-way solenoid valve) and a fifth solenoid valve 12 (such as a two-position three-way solenoid valve) for controlling the extension and clamping of the cylinder 8 are connected to the controller output. The controller adjusts the air pressure in the locking cylinder 8 by controlling the opening and closing and reversing of the fourth solenoid valve 11 to realize the extension and closing of the piston rod of the cylinder 8, thereby driving the hopper 7 to rise and fall to the target height. When the hopper 7 reaches the preset feeding height, the controller controls the fifth solenoid valve 12 to lock the clamping structure of the locking cylinder 8, fixing the hopper 7 in the current position, preventing the hopper 7 from shifting due to vibration or material impact during the feeding process; achieving precise control and stable locking of the lifting height of the hopper 7, ensuring accurate docking position of the hopper 7 and the reaction tank, avoiding material leakage or feeding position deviation due to hopper 7 shaking, improving the stability of the device operation and the safety of the feeding operation, and adapting to the feeding needs of reaction tanks of different heights.

[0022] Furthermore, the discharge pipe 3 is connected to a nitrogen source via a second nitrogen pipe. A sixth solenoid valve 20 (such as a two-position two-way solenoid valve), a second throttle valve, and a second pressure sensor 21 are installed on the second nitrogen pipe. The second pressure sensor 21 is connected to the controller input, and the sixth solenoid valve 20 is connected to the controller output. The second pressure sensor 21 detects the pressure inside the discharge pipe 3 in real time and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller controls the opening and closing of the sixth solenoid valve 20 based on the pressure inside the discharge pipe 3. The nitrogen source introduces nitrogen into the discharge pipe 3 through the second nitrogen pipe. The second throttle valve stabilizes the nitrogen flow rate inside the discharge pipe 3. Combined with the nitrogen pressurization system in the hopper 7, this maintains a certain positive pressure inside the discharge pipe 3. Simultaneously, the nitrogen helps propel the material inside the discharge pipe 3 towards the reaction tank, further blocking the path of hazardous gas backflow from the discharge pipe 3, providing double protection against backflow. The auxiliary propulsive action of the nitrogen also prevents material residue and blockage within the discharge pipe 3, ensuring smooth material transport and improving the safety and reliability of the entire feeding system.

[0023] Furthermore, a weighing sensor 22 is installed on the support 9. The weighing sensor 22 is connected to the input terminal of the controller, which is connected to the touch screen. The touch screen is used to display the material weight in real time and to manually operate each solenoid valve. The weighing sensor 22 can detect the total weight of the support 9, the hopper 7, and the hazardous materials in the hopper 7 in real time, and convert the weight signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller. The controller calculates the amount of material fed based on the difference between the initial total weight and the real-time total weight. When the amount of material fed reaches the preset value, the controller controls the unloader 4 to stop unloading, achieving precise quantity control. The precise measurement of the amount of hazardous materials fed can be achieved without manual weighing, avoiding overfeeding or underfeeding caused by manual weighing errors, ensuring the stability of the reaction process, reducing personnel involvement, reducing the potential harm of hazardous materials to personnel, and improving the accuracy and safety of feeding operations.

[0024] Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve 19 and a pressure gauge 18 are installed on the pipe connecting the nitrogen source to the first nitrogen pipe. The pressure reducing valve 19 can reduce the high-pressure nitrogen output from the nitrogen source to a stable pressure within the safe pressure range of the hopper 7. The pressure gauge 18 displays the pressure value of the nitrogen after pressure reduction in real time, allowing operators to intuitively monitor the nitrogen supply pressure. At the same time, in conjunction with the first pressure sensor 16 and the controller, it ensures that the nitrogen pressure entering the hopper 7 is always within the preset safe range; it prevents high-pressure nitrogen from being directly introduced into the hopper 7, which could lead to sealing failure or structural damage to the hopper 7, ensuring a stable nitrogen supply pressure, avoiding the impact of nitrogen pressure fluctuations on the pressurization and backflow prevention effect within the hopper 7, and improving the safety and stability of the device operation. At the same time, the setting of the pressure gauge 18 facilitates real-time monitoring and maintenance by operators.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an exhaust pipe, one end of which is connected to the waste gas treatment unit. The hopper 7 is connected to the exhaust pipe via an exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe on the hopper 7 no longer directly exhausts gas to the outside, but is connected to the exhaust pipe. In the event of a malfunction in this automatic feeding device, any small amount of hazardous gas that may have entered the hopper 7 will enter the exhaust pipe through the exhaust pipe, and then be transported by the exhaust pipe to the waste gas treatment unit for harmless treatment (such as adsorption, combustion, etc.) before being discharged in compliance with standards. This prevents the gas discharged from the hopper 7 from directly entering the workshop or atmospheric environment, further preventing personnel health risks and environmental pollution caused by the leakage of small amounts of hazardous gas, achieving compliant treatment of waste gas, improving the environmental friendliness and safety of the device, and meeting the environmental and safety emission standards of the workshop.

[0026] Furthermore, the discharge pipe 3 is connected to the connecting pipe 1 via the flexible hose 2. When the lifting mechanism adjusts the height of the hopper 7 or the device moves, there may be a slight positional deviation between the discharge pipe 3 and the connecting pipe 1. The flexible hose 2 can adapt to this deviation through its own flexible deformation, ensuring that the discharge pipe 3 and the connecting pipe 1 always maintain a stable connection and does not affect the conveying of material from the discharge pipe 3 to the connecting pipe 1. This improves the flexibility and adaptability of the connection between the discharge pipe 3 and the connecting pipe 1, avoiding connection difficulties, pipe stress damage, or material leakage caused by rigid connections. It can adapt to the connection requirements of reaction tanks at different positions and heights, enhancing the versatility and ease of operation of the device. Furthermore, casters 10 are installed on the bracket 9. The casters 10 rotate flexibly to drive the entire device to move smoothly.

[0027] The working process of this utility model is as follows: I. Material loading: 1. Closed-loop loading of hazardous materials: After the controller confirms that there are no abnormalities in each system, it opens the sealing cover 6 of hopper 7 and slowly pours the pre-treated hazardous material into hopper 7. At the same time, the weighing sensor 22 transmits the total weight data of hopper 7 to the controller in real time, and the touch screen displays the material weight synchronously. The operator controls the filling amount according to the preset feeding amount (such as 100kg) to avoid overloading hopper 7. After the material is filled, immediately close the sealing cover 6 tightly and press the edge of the sealing cover 6 to ensure that the sealing ring is completely in contact with the opening of hopper 7 to form an initial sealed space.

[0028] 2. Nitrogen purging air operation: The operator selects "Nitrogen purging mode" on the touch screen, sets the purging time (e.g., 1 minute) and the nitrogen flow rate during the purging stage; then the controller synchronously controls the opening of the first solenoid valve 17 and the second solenoid valve 14, and nitrogen enters the hopper 7 through the first nitrogen pipe and the first throttle valve. The nitrogen is continuously injected, gradually squeezing the air in the hopper 7 out through the top exhaust pipe. The discharged air is transported to the waste gas treatment unit (e.g., activated carbon adsorption tower; if the material is volatile, it can be treated by a condensation recovery device first) through a one-way valve, the second solenoid valve 14 and the vent pipe, to avoid direct emission and environmental pollution.

[0029] 3. The controller controls the second solenoid valve 14 to open, and the nitrogen output from the nitrogen source is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 19 (the pressure value is displayed in real time by the pressure gauge 18), enters the hopper 7 through the first nitrogen pipe and the first throttle valve (to stabilize the nitrogen flow and prevent the airflow from impacting the material and causing splashing); the first pressure sensor 16 monitors the pressure in the hopper 7 in real time and feeds the data back to the controller. When the pressure reaches the target value, the controller controls the opening and closing of the first solenoid valve 17 to maintain the nitrogen pressure within the preset range (such as 0.08~0.12MPa).

[0030] II. Continuous Nitrogen Pressurization and Automatic Feeding Stage: 1. The controller first calculates the "target remaining weight" (initial weight - preset feeding amount) based on the initial weight of the weighing sensor 22 and the preset feeding amount. Then, it controls the start of the unloader 4 (such as a star-shaped unloader 4). Under the positive pressure in the hopper 7 (nitrogen pushes the material to flow towards the discharge pipe 3), the material enters the discharge pipe 3 through the unloader 4. At the same time, the controller controls the sixth solenoid valve 20 to open, and nitrogen enters the discharge pipe 3 through the second nitrogen pipe and the second throttle valve. The second pressure sensor 21 monitors the pressure in the discharge pipe 3 in real time. When the pressure in the discharge pipe 3 is lower than the preset value (such as 0.08MPa), the controller controls the sixth solenoid valve 20 to open, so that the nitrogen pressure is maintained within the preset range (such as 0.08~0.12MPa), so that the discharge pipe 3 maintains a stable positive pressure. This not only prevents dangerous gases in the reaction tank (such as chlorine and hydrogen sulfide generated by the material reaction) from flowing back into the discharge pipe 3, but also assists the material to flow in the discharge pipe 3.

[0031] 2. During the feeding process, the controller calculates the amount of material fed in real time (initial weight - current weight) and displays the progress of "feed amount / preset amount" on the touch screen. When the amount of material fed reaches the preset value, the controller automatically triggers the "feeding stop" command. If material blockage occurs in the discharge pipe 3, such as the weighing sensor 22 showing no change in "feed amount" for a long time (e.g., weight difference < 0.1kg for 30 seconds), it is determined that the material in the hopper 7 is bridging or blocked. The controller immediately controls the third solenoid valve 13 to open, and the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the vibrator 5 through the first air inlet pipe. The vibrator 5 generates high-frequency micro-vibration, which shakes apart the material or clumps attached to the inner wall of the hopper 7 until the weighing sensor 22 shows a normal decrease in weight. Then the controller closes the third solenoid valve 13 and stops the vibration.

[0032] III. Feeding Termination and Pressure Relief: When the amount of material fed reaches the preset value, the controller first controls the unloader 4 to stop running and cut off the material conveying; then closes the sixth solenoid valve 20 to stop the supply of nitrogen to the discharge pipe 3; then controls the first solenoid valve 17 to close and stop the supply of nitrogen to the hopper 7; to avoid material splashing when the lid is opened later due to residual pressure in the hopper 7, the controller opens the second solenoid valve 14 so that the residual nitrogen in the hopper 7 is discharged into the waste gas treatment unit through the exhaust pipe and the vent pipe until the first pressure sensor 16 shows that the pressure in the hopper 7 has dropped to normal pressure, and then closes the second solenoid valve 14.

[0033] The embodiments described in this specification are merely examples of implementations of the inventive concept. The scope of protection of this utility model should not be considered as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The scope of protection of this utility model also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials, comprising a support frame, a lifting mechanism mounted on the support frame, the lifting mechanism being fixedly connected to a hopper, a sealing cover mounted on the hopper, and the lower end of the hopper being connected to a discharge pipe via a discharge device, characterized in that: The hopper is connected to a nitrogen source via a first nitrogen pipe and an exhaust pipe is connected to the hopper. A first solenoid valve, a first throttle valve, and a first pressure sensor are installed on the first nitrogen pipe. A one-way valve and a second solenoid valve are installed on the exhaust pipe. The hopper also includes a controller. The first pressure sensor is connected to the controller input terminal, and the first and second solenoid valves are connected to the controller output terminal.

2. The automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple vibrators are installed on the hopper. The vibrators are connected to a compressed air source through the first air inlet pipe. A third solenoid valve is installed on the first air inlet pipe and is connected to the output of the controller.

3. An automatic hazardous material feeding device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a locking cylinder, and a fourth and a fifth solenoid valve, which are used to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder and to clamp and lock it, are connected to the output of the controller.

4. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The discharge pipe is connected to the nitrogen source through the second nitrogen pipe. The second nitrogen pipe is equipped with a sixth solenoid valve, a second throttle valve, and a second pressure sensor. The second pressure sensor is connected to the controller input terminal, and the sixth solenoid valve is connected to the controller output terminal.

5. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A load cell is mounted on the bracket and connected to the input terminal of the controller.

6. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge are installed on the pipe connecting the nitrogen source to the first nitrogen pipe.

7. An automatic hazardous material feeding device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes an exhaust pipe, one end of which is connected to the waste gas treatment unit, and the hopper is connected to the exhaust pipe through an exhaust pipe.

8. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The discharge pipe is connected to the connecting pipe via a flexible hose.

9. An automatic feeding device for hazardous materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bracket is equipped with casters.

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