Butt or corner connection of joined parts and packing box with a dovetail tenon connection

Abstract

A butt or corner connection of parts (1, 2), in particular wooden parts, joined together at contact surfaces (3, 5), comprising at least one connecting element (6), wherein the connecting element (6) is formed on a first contact surface (3) on a first part (1), and wherein a recess (7) extending from the second contact surface (5) into the second part (2) is formed on a second contact surface (5) on a second part (2) to be connected to the first part, wherein the connecting element (6) consists of a corner tenon tapering towards the first contact surface (3) with a conical undercut (8) on its narrow and wide sides, which is thicker at its free end (11) facing away from the first contact surface than at its end (39) facing the first contact surface (3), and wherein the recess (7) has a tenon insertion hole (9) and a tenon clamping hole (10),wherein the pin insertion hole (9) and the pin clamping hole (10) are arranged next to one another in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the pin (6) and are designed to move the pin (6) from the pin insertion hole (9) into the pin clamping hole (10) and back, wherein the pin insertion hole (9) is designed to insert the pin (6) perpendicular to the first contact surface (3), and wherein the pin clamping hole (10) is designed to positively hold the pin (6), characterized in that the connecting element (6) is designed with a base body (37) and a fastening means (38) for fastening the base body (37) to the first contact surface (3), wherein the base body (37) forms the pin tapering towards the first contact surface (3), which is thicker at its free end (11) facing away from the first contact surface than at its end facing the first contact surface (3). facing end (39).,

Description

[0001] The invention is based on a butt or corner connection of parts joined together in contact surfaces, in particular parts made of wood, with at least one connecting element, wherein the connecting element is formed on a first contact surface on a first part and wherein a recess extending from the second contact surface into the second part is formed on a second contact surface on a second part to be connected to the first part.

[0002] The invention further relates to a dovetail tenon joint between two wooden panels, wherein the end face of a first panel abuts perpendicularly against the broad side of the second panel to form a butt line, with at least one dovetail tenon on one of the panels and at least one slot for receiving the dovetail tenon on the other panel.

[0003] The invention further relates to a cuboid packaging box which can be assembled from individual wooden panels, having a base plate, first and second side plates projecting vertically from the base plate and having a cover plate, wherein the base plate and the side plates form a cuboid receiving space for packaging goods.

[0004] EP 0 370 334 A2 discloses a butt joint or corner joint of frame parts, particularly made of solid wood, which are joined at contact surfaces. A connecting element, bridging the contact plane, engages into recesses extending from the contact surfaces into the frame parts. These recesses are formed as grooves cut into the frame parts from the same side edges, transverse to their longitudinal extension. The connecting element is a tongue, the shape of which is reminiscent of a double dovetail, which is pressed into the grooves from the aforementioned side edges, transverse to the longitudinal extension of the frame part.

[0005] DE 35 30 226 A1 shows components with a dovetail-shaped tongue and groove connection, in which the dovetail tongue and the dovetail groove are milled out over the entire length of the components to be connected and the dovetail tongue is inserted and pushed into the dovetail groove from the side.

[0006] DE 20 2005 009 915 U1 shows connecting elements and DE 20 2007 000 743 U1 shows a connection system for connecting and separating wooden components and components made of other materials, consisting of two parts that have precisely fitting conical dovetail profiles. A first of the parts is designed as an elongated profile part, and the other as an elongated groove, each with a cross-sectional contour in the shape of a dovetail. The object of the present invention is to improve a butt or corner connection or a dovetail connection of the known type, so that a positive-locking and yet flush butt or corner connection or dovetail connection is created without protruding parts, with high pull-out force on the dovetail, and which can be easily joined and separated again without the need for tools.

[0007] It is a further object of the invention to improve a packaging box of the known type so that it can be easily assembled and disassembled at the packaging site without tools.

[0008] The problem is solved with regard to the butt or corner connection by a butt or corner connection with the features of claim 1.

[0009] The object is achieved with regard to the dovetail connection by a dovetail tenon connection having the features according to claim 6.

[0010] The problem is solved with regard to the packaging box by a packaging box having the features of claim 9.

[0011] A butt or corner connection according to the invention is characterized in that the connecting element consists of an edge tenon which tapers towards the first contact surface and has a conical undercut on its narrow and wide sides, which is thicker at its free end facing away from the first contact surface than at its end facing the first contact surface, and in that the recess has a tenon insertion hole and a tenon clamping hole, wherein the tenon insertion hole and the tenon clamping hole are arranged next to one another in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the tenon and are designed to move the tenon from the tenon insertion hole into the tenon clamping hole and back, wherein the tenon insertion hole is designed to insert the tenon perpendicular to the first contact surface, and wherein the tenon clamping hole is designed to hold the tenon in a form-fitting manner.

[0012] The connecting element according to the invention is reminiscent of a dovetail in its shape and cross-sectional contour. Therefore, a connecting element according to the invention can also be referred to as a dovetail tenon, and a butt or corner connection according to the invention can also be referred to as a dovetail tenon connection.

[0013] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connecting element is formed with a base body and a fastening means for fastening the base body to the first contact surface, wherein the base body forms the pin tapering towards the first contact surface, which is thicker at its free end facing away from the first contact surface than at its end facing the first contact surface.

[0014] The connecting element according to the invention can be manufactured as a separate part from various materials and in different sizes. The connecting element according to this embodiment is manufactured independently of the parts to be connected. It can also be made of a different material or a combination of different materials than the parts to be connected. The base body can be made of a different material than the fastening means with which the base body is attached to the first contact surface of the part to be connected.

[0015] The parts to be joined can, for example, be wooden parts, made of solid wood or of pressed or composite wood. Consequently, the butt or corner connection according to the invention can be used wherever wooden parts need to be joined together, in particular everywhere in furniture construction. Examples, the list of which is not limiting, include the attachment of panels, studs, cover plates, suspensions, the assembly of shelving systems, boxes, cupboards, beds, etc. Parts connected with a butt or corner connection according to the invention can be easily separated again without tools. No clamping devices or aids such as clamps or adhesive tape are required to create the connection. The parts to be joined align themselves perpendicular to one another when the connecting element is clamped in the recess.The clamp connection can of course also be made non-detachable by additionally providing an adhesive at the connection point, for example a wood glue or other suitable adhesive that is tailored to the respective materials with regard to a favorable and permanently stable adhesive effect.

[0016] An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the fastening means is a fastening bolt, and in that a fastening hole is formed in the first contact surface, wherein the fastening bolt is held in the fastening hole in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. The connection of the connecting element to the first part to be joined is thus effected in the manner of a dowel connection. A hole is drilled into the end face of the first contact surface. The fastening bolt is inserted into the hole and fastened therein. Fastening can be achieved in many different, in principle known, ways. For example, the fastening bolt can have protruding barbs or projecting ribs on its outside. For fastening, it is driven into the hole under the application of force. It is held in the hole due to a press fit, form-fitting and force-fitting, supported by the form-fitting nature of the protruding barbs or projecting ribs.It can also be secured alternatively or additionally by a screw connection. To further enhance the holding force, an adhesive can be used to bond or glue either the bolt in the hole or the contact surface of the base body with which it rests against the first contact surface. In addition to the bolt, further connecting elements, such as additional claws or hooks, can be attached to the base body. A particularly advantageous embodiment is one in which two fastening bolts are attached at a short distance from one another and are driven into two holes accordingly. This prevents unwanted twisting of the connecting element.

[0017] An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the base body is a plastic injection-molded part or a metal casting. The fastening bolt(s) can then be part of the plastic or metal casting, i.e., also made of the same plastic or metal as the base body. However, the fastening bolt(s) can also be made of a different material and joined to the base body. One example is a metal bolt joined to a plastic base body, for example, by the base body being injection-molded onto the metal bolt(s).

[0018] A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the connecting element is formed integrally on the first part. In the case of a wooden part, for example, a wooden board or a wooden panel, the connecting element, the dovetail tenon according to the invention, is then produced, for example, by milling out its shape on the first contact surface, such as an end face of the board or panel. Likewise, the recess according to the invention is milled into the second contact surface.

[0019] In a dovetail tenon connection according to the invention between two wooden panels, the dovetail tenon is designed as a square tenon with a conical undercut on its narrow and wide sides, wherein the slot is designed with a tenon insertion hole and an adjoining tenon clamping hole, wherein the tenon clamping hole is designed conically corresponding to the dovetail tenon, wherein the dovetail tenon connection is designed for inserting the dovetail tenon perpendicular to the wide side into the tenon insertion hole and for sliding the dovetail tenon and the tenon clamping hole into one another parallel to the butt line.

[0020] As already mentioned above, a dovetail tenon joint according to the invention is another embodiment of a butt or corner joint according to the invention.

[0021] This makes it possible to create a locally localized butt joint using a dovetail joint without the dovetail tenon having to be moved a great distance. At the desired location of the butt joint, the dovetail tenon can be inserted into the tenon insertion hole perpendicular to the broad side of the panel to be joined. A short displacement, perpendicular to the insertion direction, brings the dovetail tenon into the area of the clamping hole. There, there is a negatively corresponding cone shape into which the conically shaped dovetail tenon is pushed, creating a firm clamping connection of the dovetail tenon in the clamping hole that can also be easily released again. The dovetail joint according to the invention is not only strong, but also almost automatically creates a right angle between the two panels to be joined.

[0022] A dovetail connection according to the invention is designed like a plug connection with subsequent clamping perpendicular to the plug-in direction.

[0023] The inventive design of the dovetail joint opens up a number of advantageous design possibilities. For example, the clamping hole can be dimensioned so that the dovetail pin does not protrude beyond the open side of the clamping hole. The inventive dovetail joint is characterized by a high pull-out force in the direction of the joint, but a low release force in the direction of the joint edge, resulting in a flush, force-locking, detachable connection without any protruding parts.

[0024] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dovetail tenon is formed on the front side of the first plate and the slot for receiving the dovetail tenon is formed on the broad side of the second plate.

[0025] The dovetail tenon is designed as a square tenon with a conical undercut on both the narrow and wide sides. The advantage of a square tenon is that it prevents the two connected panels from twisting relative to each other.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dovetail tenon is provided with a slot extending vertically from the free end face, forming two resiliently spreadable tenon arms. This further increases the pull-out force of the dovetail. After the dovetail connection has been established, a wedge can be driven into the slot, which further forces the two arms apart and thus further strengthens the clamping of the slot and tenon.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the slot is a through hole. The through hole can, in particular, be dimensioned such that the dovetail pin, after being inserted into the slot, does not protrude on the other side of the slot, thus creating a flush, force-locking, detachable connection without any protruding parts.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the slot is a blind hole.

[0029] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the slot has two tenon clamping holes arranged one behind the other in the direction of the joint line, between which the tenon insertion hole is located. In this way, a dovetail joint can be produced in two displacement directions.

[0030] A packaging box according to the invention is characterized in that the first side panels form the opposite wide sides of the box and the second side panels form the opposite narrow sides of the box, and in that a plurality of dovetail joints according to the invention are designed as described above to connect each second side panel to the two first side panels. Due to the dovetail joints used, such a packaging box according to the invention can be very easily assembled and, if necessary, disassembled at the packaging site by one person without additional tools.To join the side plates butt-end, all you have to do is bring one side plate with its narrow side up to the wide side of the other plate at the location of the dovetail connection, or more precisely at the location of the tenon insertion hole(s). The dovetail tenon and dovetail insertion hole are brought together at the location of the joint, and a short movement perpendicular to the direction of the joint moves the dovetail tenon into the tenon clamping hole, whereby the two plates are connected flush, form-fitting and with high pull-out force in the direction of the joint. A further advantage is that the two plates are automatically connected at a right angle to one another, preventing the plates from twisting against each other. The right angle is set automatically because the conical profiles of the dovetail tenon and the clamping hole complement each other in a negative way.

[0031] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second side plates are attached with their broad sides to the end faces of the first side plates, and a plurality of dovetail tenons are formed on the end faces of the first side plates, and a plurality of slots are formed on the broad sides of the second side plates in a position corresponding to the dovetail tenons for receiving the dovetail tenons and for forming a plurality of dovetail joints according to the invention, as described above. For example, four or five dovetail joints according to the invention can be arranged on the narrow side of one plate at equal distances from one another.This means that only a relatively short displacement of the dovetail tenon from the tenon insertion hole into the clamping hole is required, reducing the force required to establish the connection while still ensuring a stable connection across the entire length of the joint. The two panels are essentially plugged together and clamped by a brief displacement perpendicular to the insertion direction.

[0032] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first side panels are attached with their broad sides to corresponding end faces of the base panel, and on these end faces of the base panel there are a plurality of dovetail tenons, and on the broad sides of the first side panels there are a plurality of slots in a position corresponding to these dovetail tenons for receiving the dovetail tenons and for forming a plurality of dovetail joints according to the invention, as described above. This further simplifies the assembly of the packaging box according to the invention. First, the two first side panels are plugged and fastened to the base panel. As described above, this can be done very easily and by one person without tools. The side panels are then already stable and fastened to the base panel at a right angle. Now the second side panels are plugged and fastened to the first side panels.The packaging space of the box is now complete. Then, only the lid remains to be attached. Another advantageous approach is to first place the packaged goods on the base plate and then add the side walls, essentially around the packaged goods. The packaging box according to the invention can therefore be built around a packaged item. This is particularly advantageous for bulky packaging items, such as large machine parts. These then no longer have to be lifted into a prefabricated box, but can be conveniently slid onto the base plate, and only then is the box created by attaching the side walls and lid.

[0033] A packaging box according to the invention forms a stable and high-precision unit, firmly connected by form-fitting dovetail tenon joints, designed as a plug-in system without any additional components. A wide range of dimensions and material thicknesses is possible. For example, plywood can be used in standardized material thicknesses of 12 mm for the side panels and 21 mm for the base panel, but all other material thicknesses can also be processed into a packaging box according to the invention.

[0034] The invention describes a universally usable transport packaging suitable for the European and / or worldwide shipping of packaged goods, especially bulky packaged goods such as large machine parts. It ensures uncomplicated filling and unloading of the packaged goods, as the box walls can be inserted onto the base plate after the packaged goods have been placed inside.

[0035] When disassembled, a packaging crate according to the invention takes up very little space. The base plate, side walls, and lid plate are simply laid flat on top of one another. Since, apart from the feet (see below), there are no parts that protrude perpendicularly to a broad side, the crate is flat and easy to transport when disassembled. At the location where it is needed, it can be assembled by a single person without tools in a very short time. Thanks to the dovetail tenon joint according to the invention, the stability of the packaging crate is ensured without the need for nails, staples, or similar fastening devices.

[0036] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, anti-slip devices are attached to the cover plate in order to prevent slipping when packaging boxes are stacked on top of each other.

[0037] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, protruding feet with plastic glides are formed on the base plate.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the anti-slip devices are designed as recesses in the cover plate that correspond negatively to the feet with the plastic glides.

[0039] When transporting a fully assembled and filled transport crate according to the invention, the feet fulfill the function of a pallet without the disadvantages of a pallet. There are no crossboards, so the crate can be bundled lengthwise or crosswise, and forklifts or pallet trucks can easily drive underneath the crate, both lengthwise and crosswise.

[0040] The lid panel can be secured using plastic strapping. The straps then fit snugly and directly against the side panels and base panel. This also facilitates easy access to the box with forklifts or pallet trucks.

[0041] The plastic glides under the feet prevent slipping and protect coated industrial floors when the box is placed there.

[0042] As a further advantageous embodiment, ergonomically designed recessed grips can be incorporated into the side walls, which provide the assembly person with a secure hold when handling the side parts during assembly.

[0043] The invention and further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention will be explained and described in more detail with reference to the drawings in which three embodiments of the invention are shown.

[0044] They show: Fig. 1: a dovetail tenon joint according to the invention Fig. 2a: a longitudinal section through a dovetail tenon according to the invention, Fig. 2b: a plan view of a slot according to the invention, left without and right with inserted pin, Fig. 2c: a plan view of another slot according to the invention, on the right without and on the left with inserted pin, Fig. 3: an exploded view of a packaging box according to the invention, Fig. 4: a detailed view of an assembled packaging box according to the invention, Fig. 5: a packaging box according to the invention, filled and partially assembled, Fig. 6: a packaging box according to the invention, disassembled, Fig. 7: an exploded view of a packaging box according to the invention in a further embodiment, Fig. 8: a packaging box according to the invention in a third embodiment Fig. 9a - c: an embodiment of a connecting element according to the invention in the front view (9a), top view (9b) and side view (9c).

[0045] Initially, Fig. 1 is considered. Fig. Figure 1 shows a dovetail tenon joint between two wooden panels 1, 2. The end face 3 of the first panel 2 is intended to abut perpendicularly against the broad side 5 of the second panel 2, forming a butt line 4 formed by the edge of the end face 3. A dovetail tenon 6 is formed on one panel 1. A slot 7 for receiving the dovetail tenon 6 is formed on the other panel 2.

[0046] The dovetail tenon 6 is designed as a square tenon with a conical undercut 8 (see Fig. 2a) on its narrow and wide sides, thus forming a tenon tapering conically towards the plate 1. The slot 7 is formed with a tenon insertion hole 9 and a tenon clamping hole 10 adjoining it at the top.

[0047] As well as the Fig. As shown in Figure 2b, the tenon clamping hole 10 is conically shaped to correspond to the dovetail tenon 6. The dovetail tenon connection is designed for inserting the dovetail tenon 6 perpendicular to the broad side 5 into the tenon insertion hole 9 and for sliding the dovetail tenon and the tenon clamping hole 10 into one another parallel to the butt line 4. The dovetail tenon 6 is inserted into the tenon insertion hole 9 and then pushed upwards a short distance, approximately corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the dovetail tenon 6, into the tenon clamping hole 10, where it is clamped due to the inverse conical contour of the tenon clamping hole 10.

[0048] Fig. Figure 2a shows a longitudinal section of the dovetail tenon 6. This tenon has a slot 12 extending vertically from its free end face 11 into the tenon 6, which can also be referred to as a gap or split slot. Two resiliently expandable tenon arms 13, 14 are formed on the tenon 6 through the slot 12.

[0049] Fig. Figure 2b shows a top view of a slot 7 according to the invention, on the left without and on the right with inserted pin 6. On the left in the area of the pin clamping hole 10, the conical contour 15 can be seen, which is formed inversely corresponding to the conical undercut 8 of the pin 6. In the illustration according to Fig. In 2b on the right, the pin 6 is pushed into the pin clamping hole. The two pin arms 13, 14 are pressed together by the inverse conical contour 15 in conjunction with the conical undercut 8. The resulting restoring spring force of the two pin arms 13, 14 increases the contact pressure and thus the retention force of the pin 6 in the clamping hole 10.

[0050] Fig. Figure 2c shows a plan view of another slot 7' according to the invention, on the left without a tenon and on the right with an inserted tenon. The slot 7' has two tenon clamping holes 10', 10" arranged one behind the other in the direction of the joint line, between which the tenon insertion hole 9' is located. In this way, a dovetail joint can be created in two displacement directions, either upward or downward, starting from the tenon insertion hole 7'.

[0051] The slot 7, 7' in the Fig. 2b and Fig. 2b is designed as a through hole. The height of the conical undercut 8 on the dovetail tenon 6 is dimensioned such that the free end face 11 is flush with the outside of the wooden panel 2 once the dovetail tenon connection is established. Thus, nothing protrudes. Of course, the slot could also be designed as a blind hole.

[0052] The Fig. 3 shows an exploded view of a cuboid packaging box 16 which can be assembled from individual wooden panels. This box has a base plate 17 from which two first side plates 1', 1' and two second side plates 2', 2" protrude vertically. The top of the packaging box 16 is closed off by a cover plate 18, whereby the base plate 17 and the side plates 1', 1", 2', 2" form a cuboid receiving space for the packaged goods 19 (see Fig. 5). The first side panels 1', 1" form the opposite wide sides of the box, and the second side panels 2', 2" form the opposite narrow sides of the box.

[0053] To connect a second side plate 2', 2" to the two first side plates 1', 1", a plurality of dovetail tenon connections, as described above, are formed between the end faces 3', 3" of the first side plates 1', 1" and the edge regions of the broad sides 5', 5". For this purpose, four dovetail tenons 6' are located on each of the end faces 3', 3" of the first side plates 1', 1", and four slots 7a are located opposite the tenons 6' on the edge regions of the broad sides 5', 5".

[0054] The first side plates 1', 1" are attached with the lower section of their broad side 23, 23' to corresponding end faces 24, 24' of the base plate 17. On these end faces 24, 24' of the base plate 17, there are several dovetail tenons, and on the broad sides 23, 23' of the first side plates 1', 1" there are several slots in a position corresponding to these dovetail tenons for receiving the dovetail tenons and for forming several dovetail joints, as described.

[0055] To assemble the packaging crate, the first two side panels 1', 1" are attached and secured to the base plate 17. As described above, this can be done very easily and without tools by one person. The side panels 1', 1" are then already stable and attached at a right angle to the base plate 17. Now the second side panels 2', 2" are attached and secured to the first side panels 1', 1". The packaging space of the crate is now complete. The second side panels 2', 2" do not need to be attached to the base plate 17; this is done indirectly via the attachment to the first side panels 1', 1", which are attached to the base plate 17.

[0056] Then only the cover 18 is put on. The cover plate 18 can be secured by means of a plastic strapping 25, see Fig. 4. The straps 25 fit tightly and directly against the side panels 1', 2' and the base plate 17. This supports the easy passage of forklift or pallet truck forks underneath the box.

[0057] On the base plate 17 there are protruding feet 20, designed as cuboid blocks with plastic glides 21, here they are screwed on.

[0058] On the outer side of the cover plate 18, anti-slip devices are formed in the form of recesses 22 that correspond negatively to the feet 20 with the plastic gliders 21. When two packaging crates are stacked on top of each other, the plastic gliders 21 of the upper crate fit into the recesses 22 of the lower crate, thus preventing the upper crate from slipping on the lower crate.

[0059] Fig. Figure 4 shows, in a detailed view from below, details of an assembled packaging box according to the invention. It can be seen how the first side panel 1' is fastened to the base panel 17 by means of a dovetail tenon joint according to the invention, wherein the dovetail tenon 6' is formed on the end face of the base panel 17 and the slot 7a with the tenon insertion hole 9' is formed on the first side panel 1'. The second side panel 2' is fastened to the first side panel 1' by means of a dovetail tenon joint according to the invention, wherein the dovetail tenon 6 is formed on the end face of the first side panel 1' and the slot 7 with the tenon insertion hole 9 is formed on the second side panel 2'. Also visible are the feet 20 with plastic gliders 2, as well as the plastic strapping 25.

[0060] A packaging box designed according to the invention also allows the box to be built around the packaged goods at the packaging location. Fig. Figure 5 shows an intermediate step in such a procedure. A bulky packaged item 19, here a large machine part, such as a shock absorber, is placed on the base plate 17 and held there by a support structure 26. The rear of the two first side plates 1" has now been attached to the rear end of the base plate 17 using a dovetail tenon connection according to the invention and secured by sliding. It can be seen that a vertical angle is almost automatically established between the base plate 17 and the side wall 1" due to the design of the dovetail tenon as an elongated square tenon. The packaging box would now be further completed by successively attaching the front of the first side plates, the second side plates, and the cover plate.

[0061] In connection with Fig. 4, reference should also be made to the ergonomically designed grip recess 27 on the upper edge of the side panel 1", which is present in this or a similar manner on all side panels and greatly facilitates the handling of the side panels when assembling and disassembling the packaging box.

[0062] It will now be the Fig. 7. This shows a further embodiment of a packaging box 16a according to the invention. Identical or equivalent parts are designated by the same reference numerals as in the Fig. 1 to 5. The difference to the previously described embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 5 is that no plastic glides are attached to the feet 20a, and that the anti-slip device on the cover plate 18a is formed by screwed-on flat wooden strips 28, 28a. Each strip 28, 28a has two comb-like protruding webs 29, 29', so that a total of three recesses 30, 30', 30" are formed per strip. When two packaging crates 16a are stacked on top of each other, the feet 20a of the upper packaging crate engage in these recesses of the lower packaging crate, thus preventing the upper crate from slipping on the lower crate.

[0063] The Fig. 6 shows the packing box after Fig. 7 in disassembled state. The base plate 17, the side walls 1', 1'', 2', 2'' and the cover plate 18a are laid flat on top of each other. Thus, a packaging box according to the invention is very space-saving and easy to transport in disassembled state. The simple disassembly and transport of the packaging box is indeed demonstrated in the embodiment of a packaging box according to Fig. 7. Of course, the packaging boxes can also be made according to one of the other embodiments, according to Fig. 1 to 5 or Fig. 8, see below, can be disassembled and transported just as easily.

[0064] It will now be the Fig. 8. This shows a further embodiment of a packaging box 16b according to the invention. The same or equivalent parts are designated by the same reference numerals as in the Fig. 1 to 5. The difference to the previously described embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 5 consists in that three crossbeams 31, 31', 31'' are formed on the base plate instead of feet, and that the anti-slip device on the cover plate 18b is formed by screwed-on flat wooden strips 32, 32a. Each strip 32, 32a has two comb-like protruding webs 33, 33', so that a total of three recesses 34, 34', 34'' are formed per strip. When two packaging crates 16b are stacked on top of each other, the crossbeams 31, 31', 31'' of the upper packaging crate engage in the recesses 34, 34', 34'' of the lower packaging crate, thereby preventing the upper crate from slipping on the lower crate.

[0065] Now the Fig. 9a - c. There, an embodiment of a connecting element 6'' formed as a separate part is shown. The connecting element 6'' has a base body 37 and two spaced-apart fastening bolts 38, 38' for fastening the base body 37 to the first contact surface 3 of the first part 1 to be connected, for example the first wooden panel 1 in Fig. 1. The base body 37 forms the pin that tapers toward the first contact surface 3. It is thicker at its free end 11, facing away from the first contact surface 3, than at its end 39 facing the first contact surface 3.

[0066] The connecting element 6" can be manufactured as a separate part from various materials and in various sizes. The fastening bolts 38, 38' can be of different lengths or thicknesses, depending on requirements. The dimensions of the base body 37 can also be selected differently depending on requirements.

[0067] The connecting element 6" according to this embodiment is manufactured independently of the parts to be connected, i.e., independently of the parts of the wooden box, for example. It can also be made of a different material or a combination of different materials than the parts of the wooden box to be connected, for example. The base body 37 can be made of a different material than the fastening bolts with which the base body 37 is attached to the first contact surface 3 of the part to be connected.

[0068] To install the connecting element 6'' according to Fig. 9a - c on the front side 3 of the first plate 1 after Fig. 1, a fastening hole is formed in the first contact surface 3, the end face 3, wherein the fastening bolts 38, 38' are held in the fastening hole in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. The connection of the connecting element 6'' with the first part 1 to be joined is thus effected in the manner of a dowel connection. A hole is drilled into the end face of the first contact surface 3. The fastening bolts 38, 38' are inserted into the hole and fastened therein. The fastening can be effected in many different, in principle known, ways. For example, the fastening bolt 38 can have protruding barbs or protruding ribs 40 on its outside, as in Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b is shown schematically. It is driven into the hole for fastening under the application of force. It is held in the hole due to a press fit, positively and non-positively, supported by the positive locking of the protruding barbs or protruding ribs 40. It can also be secured alternatively or additionally by a screw connection. To further support the holding force, an adhesive can be used to glue or adhere either the bolts 38, 38' in the hole or the contact surface 39 of the base body 37, with which it rests against the first contact surface 3 of the first wooden panel. In addition to the bolt, further connecting means, such as further claws or hooks, can be attached to the base body 37. The base body 37 here is a plastic injection-molded part or a metal casting.The fastening bolts 38, 38' can be part of the plastic or metal casting 37, i.e., they can also be made of the same plastic or metal as the base body 37. However, the fastening bolts 38, 38' can also be made of a different material and joined to the base body 37. One example is a metal bolt joined to a plastic base body, for example, by the base body being molded onto the metal bolt(s).

[0069] When assembled, it is no longer possible to tell from the wooden panel 1 whether the connecting elements or the dovetail tenons 6 are integrally connected to the wooden panel 1 or whether they were prefabricated as a separate part and then subsequently attached to the wooden panel 1 as described.

[0070] An advantage of the embodiment according to Fig. 9a - c in conjunction with Fig.1 also lies in the fact that connecting elements of different sizes or shapes, adapted to specific connection requirements, can be very easily attached to one and the same part, for example to identical wooden panels. This reduces the number of variations of wooden panels that need to be kept in stock. Essentially, you then only need to keep one type of wooden panel in stock. Adaptation to different connection requirements is achieved by selecting the appropriate separate 6" or 6" connecting element. This allows you to keep a variety of differently shaped 6" connecting elements, like a modular system, on hand, which meet different requirements in terms of materials, geometric dimensions, and mechanical properties and are adapted to different requirements. However, you do not need to keep an equally large number of different wooden panels in stock.The 6'' fasteners can also be manufactured and sold as individual parts or as spare parts separately from the wooden panels. List of reference symbols 1, 1', 1'' wooden board, first part 2, 2', 2'' wooden board, second part 3, 3', 3'' front side, first contact surface 4 Impact line 5, 5', 5'' broadside, second contact surface 6, 6', 6'' dovetail tenon, connecting element 7, 7a slot 7' slot 8 Conical undercut 9, 9' tenon insertion hole, recess, first section 10, 10', 10'' tenon clamp hole, recess second section 11 Free front side, first end 12 slots 13 Pin arm 14 Pin arm 15 Cone contour 16, 16a, 16b packing box 17 Base plate 18, 18a, 18b cover plate 19 Packaging goods 20 Stand 21 plastic gliders 22 Deepening 23, 23' broadside of the first plate 24, 24' front side of the base plate 25 plastic tape 26 Support structure 27 recessed grip 28, 28a bar 29, 29' jetty 30, 30', 30'' recess 31, 31', 31'' crossbeams 32, 32a bar 33, 33' jetty 34, 34', 34'' recess 37 basic bodies 38, 38' fasteners, fastening bolts 39 end of the base body facing the first contact surface

Claims

[1] A butt or corner connection of parts (1, 2), in particular parts made of wood, joined together at contact surfaces (3, 5), comprising at least one connecting element (6), wherein the connecting element (6) is formed on a first contact surface (3) on a first part (1), and wherein a recess (7) extending from the second contact surface (5) into the second part (2) is formed on a second contact surface (5) on a second part (2) to be connected to the first part, wherein the connecting element (6) consists of a corner tenon tapering towards the first contact surface (3) with a conical undercut (8) on its narrow and wide sides, which is thicker at its free end (11) facing away from the first contact surface than at its end (39) facing the first contact surface (3), and wherein the recess (7) has a tenon insertion hole (9) and a tenon clamping hole (10),wherein the pin insertion hole (9) and the pin clamping hole (10) are arranged next to one another in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the pin (6) and are designed to move the pin (6) from the pin insertion hole (9) into the pin clamping hole (10) and back, wherein the pin insertion hole (9) is designed to insert the pin (6) perpendicular to the first contact surface (3), and wherein the pin clamping hole (10) is designed to hold the pin (6) in a form-fitting manner, , characterized by in that the connecting element (6) is designed with a base body (37) and a fastening means (38) for fastening the base body (37) to the first contact surface (3), wherein the base body (37) forms the pin which tapers towards the first contact surface (3) and which is thicker at its free end (11) facing away from the first contact surface than at its end (39) facing the first contact surface (3). [2] Butt or corner connection according to claim 1, characterized bythat the fastening means (38) is a fastening bolt, and that a fastening hole is formed in the first contact surface (3), wherein the fastening bolt (38) is held in the fastening hole in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner. [3] Butt or corner connection according to claim 1, characterized by that the base body (37) is a plastic injection-molded part or a metal casting. [4] Butt or corner connection according to claim 1, characterized by that the connecting element (6) is formed integrally on the first part (1). [5] Dovetail tenon connection between two wooden panels (1, 2), wherein the end face (3) of a first panel (1) abuts vertically against the broad side (5) of a second panel (2) to form a butt line (4), with at least one dovetail tenon (6) on one of the panels (1) and at least one slot (7) for receiving the dovetail tenon (6) on the other panel (2), characterized bythat the dovetail tenon (6) is designed as an edge tenon with a conical undercut (8) on its narrow and wide sides, that the slot (7) is designed as a through hole with a tenon insertion hole (9) and an adjoining tenon clamping hole (10), wherein the tenon clamping hole (10) is designed conically corresponding to the dovetail tenon (6), wherein the dovetail tenon connection is designed for inserting the dovetail tenon (6) perpendicular to the wide side (5) into the tenon insertion hole (9) and for pushing the dovetail tenon (6) and the tenon clamping hole (10) into one another parallel to the butt line (4). [6] Dovetail tenon joint according to claim 5, characterized by that the dovetail tenon (6) is provided with a slot (12) extending vertically from the free end face (11), so that two resiliently spreadable tenon arms (13, 14) are formed. [7] Dovetail tenon joint according to claim 5, characterized by that the slot (7') designed as a through hole has two tenon clamping holes (10, 10') arranged one behind the other in the direction of the butt line, between which the tenon insertion hole (9') is arranged. [8] A cuboid packaging box (16) which can be assembled from individual wooden panels (1', 1'', 2', 2'', 17, 18), with a base plate (17), with first and second side plates (1', 1'', 2', 2'') projecting vertically from the base plate (17) and with a cover plate (18), wherein a cuboid receiving space for packaging material (19) is formed by the base plate (17) and the side plates (1', 1'', 2', 2''), characterized bythat the first side panels (1', 1'') form the opposite broad sides of the box and the second side panels (2', 2'') form the opposite narrow sides of the box and that for connecting a respective first side panel (1', 1'') to the two second side panels (2', 2'') a plurality of butt or corner connections according to one of claims 1 to 4 or one or more dovetail tenon connections according to one of claims 5 to 7 are formed. [9] Packaging box (16) according to claim 8, characterized bythat the first side plates (1', 1'') are attached with their broad side (23, 23') to corresponding end faces (24, 24') of the base plate, and that on these end faces (24, 24') of the base plate (17) a plurality of dovetail tenons are formed and on the broad sides (23, 23') of the first side plates (1', 1'') in a position corresponding to these dovetail tenons a plurality of slots for receiving the dovetail tenons and for forming a plurality of dovetail connections according to one of claims 1 to 7.

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