LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Abstract

Cylinder head (72), comprising: a component defining a cooling jacket (200) having a first and a second channel (202, 204) flow-connected by a third channel (206) surrounding an integrated exhaust manifold (40), wherein the first channel (202) extends with a continuously decreasing area in a longitudinal direction of the coolant flow and has an annular area surrounding a spark plug, and the second channel (204) extends with a continuously increasing area in a longitudinal direction of the coolant flow and has an annular area surrounding an exhaust valve (44).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] Various designs relate to the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and its cooling. BACKGROUND

[0002] Internal combustion engines may require cooling during operation due to the heat generated by the combustion process in the cylinder. The engine consists of a cylinder block and a cylinder head, the interaction of which defines a cylinder. The engine block and cylinder head may have multiple channels to provide coolant flow through the engine and regulate the temperature during operation.

[0003] Document DE 10 2012 209 510 A1 discloses a cylinder head with an integrated exhaust manifold coupled to a cylinder block of a power engine.

[0004] Document US 2012 / 0227686A1 discloses a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine with an integrated exhaust manifold and subgroups of exhaust pipes that terminate in stacked and spaced-apart manifold sections. SUMMARY

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head with improved cooling compared to the prior art, particularly with regard to the design of the cooling geometries. To achieve this object, the present invention discloses a cylinder head according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0006] It is therefore a cylinder head with a component that defines a cooling jacket with a first longitudinal channel having an annular section around a spark plug, a second longitudinal channel with an annular section around an exhaust valve, and a third channel that surrounds an integrated exhaust manifold and fluidly connects the first and second channels. The first channel has a continuously decreasing area and the second channel a continuously increasing area in the direction of coolant flow.

[0007] It is an engine with a cylinder head that has a surface area to match a corresponding area of ​​a cylinder block. The head defines a cooling jacket by being formed from a series of channels connected by a series of curved connection points to direct coolant around the spark plugs, exhaust valves, and an integrated exhaust manifold within the cylinder head. The length of each channel in the cooling jacket is greater than the average effective diameter of the channel.

[0008] An engine component has a cylinder head that defines a cooling jacket. The cooling jacket has a first channel extending longitudinally from a first end region to a second end region of the cylinder head, the first channel having a continuously decreasing cross-sectional area relative to the second end region, thus in the direction of coolant flow. The first channel has a series of annular sections, each annular section surrounding a recess large enough to accommodate a spark plug. The cooling jacket has a second channel extending longitudinally from the second end region to the first end region of the head, the second channel having a continuously increasing cross-sectional area relative to the first end region, also in the direction of coolant flow. The second channel receives coolant from the first channel.The second channel has a series of paired annular regions, with each pair of annular regions surrounding a pair of recesses large enough to accommodate a pair of exhaust valves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine capable of implementing the described embodiments; Fig. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of cores for a conventional cooling jacket system and a core for a cooling jacket according to one embodiment; Fig. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a cooling jacket according to one embodiment, Fig. Figure 4 shows another perspective view of the cooling jacket of Fig. 3; Fig. Figure 5 shows a flow diagram of the cooling jacket of Fig. 3; Fig. Figure 6 shows a flow diagram of a cooling jacket according to a further embodiment; and Fig. Figure 7 shows a flow diagram of a cooling jacket according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] As necessary, detailed embodiments of the present disclosure are provided herein; however, it is understood that the disclosed embodiments are only exemplary and can be implemented in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be enlarged or reduced to show details of certain components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but only as an authoritative basis for instructing a person skilled in the art in the use of the present disclosure in different ways.

[0010] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 20. The engine 20 has several cylinders 22, and one cylinder is shown. The engine 20 can have any number of cylinders, and the cylinders can be arranged in various configurations. The engine 20 has a combustion chamber 24, which is connected to each cylinder 22. The cylinder 22 is formed by cylinder walls 32 and a piston 34. The piston 34 is connected to a crankshaft 36. The combustion chamber 24 is in fluid communication with the intake manifold 38 and the exhaust manifold 40. An intake valve 42 controls the flow from the intake manifold 38 into the combustion chamber 24. An exhaust valve 44 controls the flow from the combustion chamber 24 to the exhaust system(s) 40 or exhaust manifold. The intake and exhaust valves 42, 44 can be operated in various ways known in the art for controlling engine operation.

[0011] A fuel injector 46 supplies fuel from a fuel system directly into the combustion chamber 24, making the engine a direct-injection engine. A low-pressure or high-pressure fuel injection system can be used with the engine 20, or a port injection system can be used in other examples. An ignition system includes a spark plug 48, which is controlled to provide energy in the form of a spark to ignite a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 24. The spark plug 48 can be located upside down or on one side of the cylinder 22. In other embodiments, other fuel supply systems and ignition systems or techniques can be used, including compression ignition.

[0012] The engine 20 comprises a control unit and various sensors configured to send signals to the control unit for use in controlling the air and fuel supply to the engine, the ignition timing, the power and torque output from the engine, the exhaust system, and the like. Engine sensors may include, but are not limited to, an oxygen sensor in the exhaust system 40, an engine coolant temperature sensor, an accelerator pedal position sensor, an engine manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor, an engine position sensor for the crankshaft position, an air mass sensor in the intake manifold 38, a throttle position sensor, an exhaust gas temperature sensor in the exhaust system 40, and the like.

[0013] In some embodiments, the motor 20 is used as the sole drive motor in a vehicle, such as a conventional vehicle or a start-stop vehicle. In other embodiments, the motor can be used in a hybrid vehicle, where an additional drive motor, such as an electric motor, is available to provide additional power for propelling the vehicle.

[0014] Each cylinder 22 can operate on a four-stroke cycle, comprising an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a firing stroke, and an exhaust stroke. In other embodiments, the engine can operate on a two-stroke cycle. During the intake stroke, the intake valve 42 opens and the exhaust valve 44 closes as the piston 34 moves from the top of the cylinder 22 to the bottom of the cylinder 22 to draw air from the intake manifold into the combustion chamber. The position of the piston 34 at the top of the cylinder 22 is commonly known as top dead center (TDC). The position of the piston 34 at the bottom of the cylinder is commonly known as bottom dead center (BDC).

[0015] During the compression stroke, the intake and exhaust valves 42, 44 are closed. The piston 34 moves from the bottom to the top of the cylinder 22 to compress the air within the combustion chamber 24.

[0016] Fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 24 and ignited. In the illustrated engine 20, the fuel is injected into the chamber 24 and then ignited by means of a spark plug 48. In other examples, the fuel can be ignited by means of compression ignition.

[0017] During the expansion stroke, the ignited fuel-air mixture expands in the combustion chamber 24, causing the piston 34 to move from the top of the cylinder 22 to the bottom of the cylinder 22. The movement of the piston 34 causes a corresponding movement in the crankshaft 36 and provides mechanical torque output from the engine 20.

[0018] During the exhaust stroke, the inlet valve 42 remains closed and the exhaust valve 44 opens. The piston 34 moves from the bottom of the cylinder to the top of the cylinder 22 to remove the exhaust gases and combustion products from the combustion chamber 24 by reducing the volume of the chamber 24. The exhaust gases flow from the combustion cylinder 22 to the exhaust system 40, as described below, and to an aftertreatment system such as a catalytic converter.

[0019] The position and timing of the intake and exhaust valves 42, 44, as well as the fuel injection timing and ignition timing, can be varied for the different engine strokes.

[0020] The engine 20 has a cylinder block 79 and a cylinder head 72, the interaction of which forms the combustion chambers 24. A cylinder head gasket (not shown) can be positioned between the block 70 and the head 72 to seal the chamber 24. The cylinder block 70 has a block surface that corresponds to and is identical with a head surface of the cylinder head 72 along parting line 74.

[0021] The engine 20 includes a fluid system 80. In one example, the fluid system 80 is a cooling system 80 to remove heat from the engine 20. In another example, the fluid system 80 is a lubrication system 80 to lubricate the engine components.

[0022] For a cooling system 80, the amount of heat removed from the engine 20 can be regulated by a cooling system controller, the engine control unit, one or more thermostats, and the like. The system 80 can be integrated into the engine 20 as one or more cooling jackets that are cast, milled, or otherwise formed within the engine. The system 80 has one or more cooling circuits that may contain an ethylene glycol / water antifreeze mixture, another water-based fluid, or other coolants as the working fluid. In one example, the cooling circuit has a first cooling jacket 84 in the cylinder block 70 and a second cooling jacket 86 in the cylinder head 72, with the cooling jackets 84 and 86 in fluid communication with each other. In another example, the cooling jacket 86 is independently controlled and separate from the cooling jacket 84. Coolant in the cooling circuit 80 and the cooling jackets 84 and 86 flows from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.

[0023] The fluid system 80 has one or more pumps 88. In a cooling system 80, the pump 88 circulates fluid to fill the fluid channels in the cylinder block 70 and then towards the cylinder head 72. The cooling system 80 may also include valves or thermostats (not shown) to regulate the flow or pressure of the coolant or the coolant itself within the system 80. The cooling channels in the cylinder block 70 may adjoin one or more combustion chambers 24 and cylinders 22. Similarly, the cooling channels in the cylinder head 72 may adjoin one or more combustion chambers 24 and the exhaust ports for the exhaust valves 44. Fluid flows from the cylinder head 72 and out of the engine 20 to a heat exchanger 90, similar to a radiator, where heat is transferred from the coolant to the surroundings.

[0024] Fig. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of cores used to form a conventional upper cooling jacket 100 and a lower cooling jacket 102 for a cylinder head. The conventional cooling jackets 100, 102 can generally be designed to cover a large portion of the cylinder head, thereby distributing coolant in an open jacket configuration. A cooling jacket 200 according to the present disclosure is also shown in Fig. 2 is shown with dashed lines for comparison. The cylinder head can be cylinder head 72 for use with engine 20, as shown above with reference to Fig. The cooling jackets 100, 102, and 200 are shown for use with a three-cylinder in-line engine with an integrated exhaust manifold in the cylinder head and four overhead valves per cylinder, for example, two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder. However, the cooling jacket 200 can be configured for use with other cylinder heads and engine configurations as described in the present disclosure. The cooling jackets 100, 102, and 200 are shown as cores for forming the cooling channels for each jacket within the cylinder head. Each core represents a negative view of the corresponding channels within the cylinder head and can be in the form of a sand core or a melt core used in the casting process for the cylinder head.

[0025] The cylinder head is matched to a corresponding cylinder block to provide three cylinders, generally designated I, II, and III. Fig. 2 arranged and labelled, and the cylinder head can receive coolant from the cylinder block, as shown in Fig. 1 shown. The cylinder head provides support for two intake valves for each cylinder, which is in the range of 150 of Fig. 2 for the corresponding cylinder. A spark plug for each cylinder is located in area 152. The first and second exhaust valves of each cylinder are located in areas 154 and 156. The cylinder head has an integrated exhaust manifold that runs through area 158, which adjoins an exhaust surface of the head. An exhaust manifold 40 connects to the exhaust surface of the cylinder head, as shown in Fig. Figure 1 shows an integrated exhaust manifold providing exhaust or intake channels within the cylinder head, formed from the exhaust valves and connections to an exhaust surface of the cylinder head where an exhaust manifold, turbocharger, or the like is connected.

[0026] The cooling jacket 200 provides equivalent cylinder head cooling compared to the conventional cooling jackets 100 and 102, but occupies a much smaller volume of the cylinder head. Because the volume of the cooling jacket 200 is smaller than that of the conventional cooling jackets 100 and 102, the same flow rate and heat transfer rates can be achieved using a smaller pump 88. Similarly, when the volume of the cooling jacket 200 is smaller than that of the conventional cooling jackets 100 and 102, a higher flow rate and heat transfer rates can be achieved using the same pump 88. The cooling jacket 200 directs coolant only to areas of the cylinder head that are hot during engine operation and require cooling.The cooling jacket 200 does not direct coolant into areas of the engine that heat up during engine operation but remain below the melting point of the cylinder head material at maximum engine load and high ambient temperature, or below a predetermined threshold.

[0027] The cooling channels of the cooling jacket 200 can be formed from complex shapes and structures, as described herein, and are formed at the time the component or cylinder head is cast, molded, or otherwise formed as a mesh shape, generally requiring no further machining or processing. The component or cylinder head can be formed from a metal, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, using a high-pressure process, a near-net-shape process, or a pure die-casting process. In one example, the cooling jacket is formed from or incorporates molten core material, such as a salt core, a sand core, a glass core, a foam core, or other suitable molten core material.

[0028] The cooling jacket 200 features shapes designed to minimize flow disturbances. For example, fluid connections are arranged as Y-shaped joints. Fluid channels can have a continuously increasing or decreasing conical cross-section. Coils generated by the fluid channels are manufactured using a uniformly curved structure and cannot have a curvature greater than ninety degrees, while allowing a radius of curvature many times larger than the channel diameter. The cooling jacket 200 may incorporate slight curves or bends to better bundle the channels within the component's boundaries.

[0029] The fluid channels in the cooling jacket 200 can have circular cross-sectional shapes or other cross-sectional shapes, including elliptical, egg-shaped, or shapes comprising convex and concave regions, such as a kidney bean shape and other regular and irregular shapes. The cross-sectional shapes of the cooling jacket 200 channels can be generally the same or vary at different locations within the jacket relative to each other or within a single channel. Additionally, the channels within the cooling jacket 200 can have an actual diameter or cross-sectional area that decreases or increases in different operating areas, for example, as an increasing or decreasing conical section. A change in cross-sectional area can be provided as a gradual, continuous change without any steps or interruptions to reduce or minimize flow losses in the fluid circuit.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be noted that the cooling jacket eliminates the need for 200 different plugs or end caps that are present in conventional cooling jackets 100, 102, as in Fig. Figure 2 illustrates this. This improves the integrity of the system 200 by reducing potential fluid leakage points and further reduces the volume of the cooling jacket, resulting in a more efficient system. It also improves manufacturability by reducing the number of steps and processes required to produce a finished component, such as the cylinder head.

[0031] The cooling jacket 200 features a series of interconnected fluid channels, as described in the Fig. Figures 3-4 show that the pressurized lubricant is directed to various areas of the cylinder head for temperature control. Based on the present disclosure for regulating the cylinder head temperature during engine operation, the arrangement, shape, and size of the channels are precisely controlled and provide an efficient and effective cooling jacket. The cooling jacket 200 features channels with various curved shapes and structures and uniform changes in cross-sectional area and direction to create reduced flow losses. For example, the total pressure losses are due to friction, which is a component with two distinct aspects. One aspect causes the larger losses through an enclosed tube of a certain length, while the other component comprises the local losses resulting from curvatures in the flow path and / or sudden changes in the flow area.Local losses are commonly referred to as "K losses" and are the easier of the two losses to control and reduce the overall pressure loss of the system.

[0032] By improving the flow characteristics of the cooling jacket 200, a smaller pump 88 can be used, and the system can operate more efficiently, thereby increasing engine efficiency, saving fuel, and reducing overall engine losses. The size, for example, the diameter of a circular channel or the effective diameter of a channel with a non-circular cross-section, as well as the length of the channels, influences pressure, flow rate, and losses within the cooling jacket 200. Size can also refer to the cross-sectional area of ​​the channels, which is related to the effective diameter. Similarly, the shape of the channels, for example, the number of turns or bends in the channels, how tightly the turns are, and any changes in diameter, influence pressure, flow rate, and losses in the cooling jacket 200.A gradual, uniform, or continuous change in diameter or area results in lower flow losses than a single or incremental change in diameter. Similarly, a uniform, curved bend or coil results in lower flow losses than an angled coil or coil with a corner element.

[0033] Conventional cooling jackets 100, 102 are designed to typically discharge coolant into the remaining volume of the cylinder head after combustion and component arrangement requirements have been met. Once the cooling jackets 100, 102 are connected to the remaining cylinder head volume, various localized flow and / or thermal problems can be addressed by using balancing and finning techniques, or simply by increasing the pump's volumetric flow rate, for example, by adjusting the blade shape, modifying the gearbox to increase the pump speed, etc. Using conventional cooling jackets 100, 102 can result in some areas of the cylinder head being "overcooled," while other areas require more cooling.A modified engine design, for example, by switching to a turbocharged or reinforced engine with higher boost pressures, increases both the engine operating temperature and the demands on engine cooling. The cooling capacity of the cooling jackets 100, 102 can be used to limit engine boost pressures or other engine design features. Additionally, inefficiencies in the cooling jackets 100, 102 can also reduce the overall fuel efficiency of the engine, as the pump in the cooling system acts as a parasitic loss for the engine. Furthermore, the large channels and volumes of the cooling jackets 100, 102 require longer heating and / or cooling times, which directly affects emissions requirements.

[0034] The cooling jacket 200 ensures a directed coolant flow by providing an interconnected network of cooling channels. The size of these channels varies to reduce or minimize flow losses through the cooling jacket 200 and to provide an increased or maximized flow velocity to cylinder head areas with high thermal loads or critical regions, while general areas of the cylinder head experience low operating temperatures and thermal loads. The cooling jacket 200 features a network of interconnected channels arranged to distribute the flow evenly, first to the highest priority heat flow areas. The shapes and sizes of the channels in the cooling jacket 200 may vary due to the structure of the associated cylinder head, the main flow of the associated cylinder head and engine, and various manufacturing constraints.Therefore, the cooling jacket 200 delivers colder and faster-flowing coolant to areas with higher operating temperatures, thereby improving the efficiency of the cooling jacket 200 and the entire cooling system. The channels in the cooling jacket 200 can typically be dimensioned to have a narrow or small diameter, for example, a length-to-diameter ratio of more than three, more than five, or, in some cases, more than ten.

[0035] The total volume of the cooling jacket 200 is significantly smaller than that of the cooling jackets 100 and 102. Since the volume of the channels in the cooling jacket 200 is reduced or minimized, the total volume of the cooling jacket 200 is reduced, and the heating / cooling times are therefore also reduced.

[0036] Similarly, the cooling system pump has a reduced requirement when the volume of the cooling jacket is 200 smaller, and will therefore require less operating energy and provide an increased system efficiency.

[0037] The various channels of the cooling jacket 200 are dimensioned to ensure sufficient cooling in high-temperature areas of the cylinder head during engine operation. Likewise, to prevent problems such as a vapor phase change of the coolant in the channels of the cooling jacket 200, for example after the engine or vehicle is switched off, a second electric coolant pump 89 can be arranged to keep the coolant circulating after shutdown and prevent a phase change. The coolant pump 89 can be arranged in series with pump 88 for series flow or in parallel with pump 88 for flow, as shown in Fig. 1 shown.

[0038] Fig. Figures 3-4 show a perspective view of the cooling jacket 200 according to the present disclosure and as described in Fig. 2 shown. Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic view of the cooling jacket of the Fig. 3-4. “S”, “M”, and “B” denote the sizes of similar elements relative to each other, where S refers to the smallest size, M to a medium or intermediate size, and B to the largest or widest size. If more than three channels are arranged in a set of similar elements, the relative size distribution remains the same, with the channels arranged from largest to smallest or vice versa.

[0039] The cooling jacket 200 has a first main channel 202 and a second main channel 204. Each channel 202, 204 usually extends along or parallel to the longitudinal axis 226 of the engine. Channel 202 can be an intake channel and is usually connected to the cooling of the spark plug area 152 of the cylinder head. Channel 204 can be an exhaust channel and is usually connected to the cooling of the exhaust valve areas 154 and the exhaust valve bridges between the adjacent valves in the cylinder head. The first and second channels are connected by an integrated exhaust manifold (IEM) cooling channel 206, which is connected to the cooling of the area 158 surrounding the exhaust manifold and the exhaust surface of the cylinder head. The first channel 202 receives coolant from the coolant supply channels that are fluidically connected to the cooling jacket 84 in the cylinder block.The second channel 204 provides coolant to a coolant outlet for the cylinder head, which in turn flows through a pump, a radiator or other components in the cooling system 80.

[0040] The intake port 202 receives at least one coolant supply, and in the present example, it receives coolant supplies at four longitudinal points on the engine. The cooling jacket 84 of the engine block can be arranged in an engine with an open, semi-open, or closed engine block, and the openings are arranged as provided in the engine block cover and / or the cylinder head gasket to provide the flow of coolant from the engine block to the cooling jacket 200 of the cylinder head. In the present example, the intake port 202 receives a supply of coolant from a cooling jacket in the engine block via a first and second supply port 208, 210 at a first end 212 of the engine.The inlet channel 202 receives a further coolant supply via a third and fourth supply channel 214, 216, a further coolant supply at the fourth and fifth supply channels 218, 220 and a final sixth supply channel 222 at the opposite end 224 of the engine, so that the coolant usually flows from right to left through the in . Fig. Channel 3 shown flows. Channel 222 can have a larger cross-sectional area than shown. Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the flow through channel 222 may be restricted to the use of a passage, e.g., a cylinder head gasket, or it may be absent in the cooling jacket 200. The flow through each of the supply channels may be restricted to the inlet of the respective supply channel via a passage, e.g., a passage in the cylinder head.

[0041] In the present example, the supply channels are located at each longitudinal point on the cylinder head on both sides of the main longitudinal axis 226 of the engine. In other examples, there may be only one supply channel at a longitudinal point on the engine, or there may be more than two supply channels. In the present example, the coolant flows in the underlying engine block cooling jacket from end 224 of the engine to the other end 212 of the engine. In other examples, the coolant may flow in the underlying engine block in the opposite direction or in a different flow pattern.

[0042] The cooling jacket 200 also features an inlet valve cooling channel 228 connected to each pair of inlet valves, which is connected to a corresponding supply channel. In another example, the cooling jacket 200 may not have any inlet valve cooling channels 228. The inlet valve cooling channel 228 is shown only for illustrative purposes. Fig. 5 in Fig. Figures 3-4 illustrate the intake valve cooling channel 228, which may be designed to provide a low coolant flow or relief from a region of the cylinder block cooling jacket without exerting a significant effect on the cylinder head cooling jacket 200. The channels 228 may vary in size and may have larger cross-sectional areas than those shown in Figures 3-4. Fig. 3 shown. Alternatively, the flow through channel 228 can be restricted by using a culvert.

[0043] Each supply channel 208-222 has a smaller cross-sectional area than the preceding upstream supply channel. The cross-sectional area of ​​an individual supply channel increases along its length to ensure smooth inlet and mixing of the coolant in the supply channel with the coolant in the inlet channel. The supply channels at each longitudinal point may have equivalent cross-sectional areas and general shapes compared to each other, or they may differ in area and / or shape. In the present example, supply channel 208 has a larger cross-sectional area than downstream supply channel 214, which in turn has a larger cross-sectional area than downstream supply channel 218, which has a larger cross-sectional area than supply channel 222.

[0044] The inlet channel 202 itself decreases continuously in cross-sectional area along its length and in the direction of coolant flow. The channel 202 includes the annular channel sections 230, 232, and 234 to provide coolant flow around a spark plug. The annular channel section can have an equivalent cross-sectional area to the section of the inlet channel 202 immediately preceding it. The present example has three annular channel sections, with the decreasing cross-sectional area corresponding to the decreasing cross-sectional area of ​​the entire inlet channel 202. The annular section 230 has a larger cross-sectional area than the downstream annular channel section 232, which in turn has a larger cross-sectional area compared to the downstream annular channel section 234.

[0045] The coolant flow exits the inlet channel 202 at each annular channel section 230, 232, 234 through a corresponding lower channel 236, 238, 240 in a series of lower channels. Each lower channel 236, 238, 240 fluidically connects a respective annular channel section of the inlet channel 202 to the IEM (Integrated Exhaust Manifold) cooling channel 206. Each lower channel 236, 238, 240 has a larger cross-sectional area compared to a preceding upstream lower channel. In the present example, lower channel 236 has a smaller cross-sectional area than lower channel 238, which in turn has a smaller cross-sectional area than channel 240. The cross-sectional area of ​​each individual lower channel can increase along the length of the lower channel. Each lower channel can usually follow or lie below an exhaust port or channel of the engine to assist in cooling the cylinder head alongside the exhaust port.

[0046] The exhaust manifold cooling channel 206 provides a channel to surround the exhaust ports that connect to the exhaust surface of the cylinder head, defined as area 158. Without cooling, the exhaust surface of the cylinder head can reach a high temperature during engine operation because exhaust components are connected to the surface and heat loss to the environment is therefore limited.

[0047] The coolant exits the IEM channel 206 through the upper channels 246, 248, and 250. The coolant flows through the IEM channel 206 from the lower channels to the upper channels via a first section 242 or a second section 244 of the IEM channel. In this example, the upper channels 246, 248, and 250 connect and merge to provide a single fluid connection to the IEM channel. The IEM cooling channel 206 has a cross-sectional area that is equal to or only slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the lower channel 240, and in one example this results in a cross-sectional area of ​​approximately half the area shown at outlet 240, and is based on the IEM channel 206, which has a circular channel shape, where the flow passes through two separate paths on the circularly shaped channel 206 to the three possible outlets 246, 248 and 250.

[0048] Each upper channel 246, 248, 250 fluidically connects the IEM channel 206 to the second exhaust channel 204 at various points along the exhaust channel 204 with respect to the longitudinal axis 226 of the engine, as described below. Each upper channel 246, 248, 250 has a larger cross-sectional area compared to a subsequent upper downstream channel. In the present example, upper channel 246 has a larger cross-sectional area than upper channel 248, which in turn has a larger cross-sectional area than channel 250. The cross-sectional area of ​​a single upper channel may decrease along the length of the upper channel. Each upper channel may typically follow or be located above an exhaust port or engine port to aid cylinder head cooling alongside the exhaust port.

[0049] The second channel, or exhaust channel 204, itself increases continuously in cross-sectional area along its length and in the direction of the coolant flow. Channel 204 includes exhaust valve sections 252, 254, and 256 for cooling the cylinder head, located next to each pair of exhaust valves. Each exhaust valve section has a first annular section 258 and a second annular section 260, which surrounds each exhaust valve for a cylinder to provide a pair of annular sections. A bridge section 262 connects the annular sections 258 and 260 and provides coolant flow directly through or over an exhaust bridge in the cylinder. Without sufficient cooling, the exhaust bridge can reach high operating temperatures due to its proximity to the exhaust gas area of ​​the combustion chamber, being positioned between two exhaust valves and ports.Exhaust valve areas 254 and 256 have a similar structure compared to those described by area 252.

[0050] Each exhaust valve section can have an equivalent cross-sectional area to the section of exhaust port 204 immediately following it. The present example has three exhaust valve sections with increasing cross-sectional areas corresponding to the increasing cross-sectional area of ​​the entire exhaust port 204. Exhaust valve section 252 has a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the downstream exhaust valve section 265.

[0051] Each upper channel 246-250 can be connected to the exhaust channel 204 just before the exhaust valve areas in one example. In other examples, the upper channels can be connected to the exhaust valve areas, for example, in an annular section of the exhaust channel.

[0052] The cooling jacket 200 has a single outlet or exit opening 264 from the exhaust port 204. In other examples, the cooling jacket 200 may have more than one outlet. Port 266 provides a degassing line for the cooling jacket 200 and is usually located at a high point of the cooling jacket 200 in the cylinder head. Port 266 can have different sizes and be larger or smaller in cross-sectional area than in the Fig. 3 shown. Alternatively, the flow through channel 266 can be restricted by the use of a passage or may not be present in the cooling jacket if the cooling jacket has an alternative degassing strategy.

[0053] The coolant in the intake and exhaust ports 202, 204 flows in opposite directions and usually longitudinally along the cylinder head and engine. In other examples, the coolant may flow in the same direction as the intake and exhaust ports 202, 204, but the cross-sectional areas of the upper ports are usually reversed.

[0054] As from Fig. As can be seen in Figures 3-4, each channel of the cooling jacket 200 provides a smooth flow path for the coolant without flow disturbances, abrupt restrictions, or sharp bends or corners, and the channels are connected at joints or intersections that are also smooth, curved, and continuous. In this way, losses in the cooling jacket are reduced, and flow and cooling effects are increased.

[0055] Similarly, each channel in the cooling jacket 200 provides a continuously changing cross-sectional area. The area of ​​the inlet channel 202 decreases, and the area of ​​the outlet channel 204 increases, with the fluid flow rate. Cross-flow channels connected to the inlet and outlet channels vary in cross-sectional area relative to each other. In this example, a cross-flow channel can be an upper or lower channel. For instance, the cross-sectional area of ​​a cross-flow channel in a series of cross-flow channels increases as the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding inlet or outlet channel decreases.

[0056] Another cooling jacket 300 according to the present disclosure is shown schematically in Fig. 6 reproduced. Components that are the same as or similar to those shown in Fig. Figures 3-5, shown in the illustrations, have the same reference symbols. "S", "M", and "B" indicate the sizes of the similar components in relation to each other, with S referring to the smallest, M to the medium size, and B to the largest size. Fig. 6 propagates parallel flow paths and the entire conceptual layout is intact, e.g. it has more of the appearance of a spider web, which can provide increased and improved cooling and thermal management of the cylinder head.

[0057] The first channel 202 of the cooling jacket 300 is fed by three supply channels 302, 304, 306. Each of the three supply channels is in fluid communication with a coolant source, for example, a block jacket 84. The supply channels 302, 304, 306 are each connected to a respective annular section 230, 232, 234 of the channel 202, which is located upstream opposite an annular channel, as shown in Fig. 5 shown, fluidly coupled.

[0058] The lower row of channels 236, 238, 240 can be coupled to the first channel 202 downstream of the annular sections 230, 232, 234, or can join with the IEM channel 206 upstream of the fluid coupling. The upper channels 246, 248, 250 and the second channel with the annular outlet valve sections 252, 254, 256 can be connected in a similar manner as described above. Fig. 3-6 described, arranged.

[0059] Another cooling jacket 400 according to the present disclosure is shown schematically in Fig. 7. Components are the same as or similar to those shown in Fig. Figures 3-5 are shown and therefore have the same reference symbols. "S", "M", and "B" indicate the sizes of the similar components in relation to each other, where S refers to the smallest, M to the medium size, and B to the largest size. Fig. 7. The outlet valve areas 154, 156 are given higher priority in the cooling path in the cooling jacket than the previously described cooling jackets.

[0060] A primary supply 402 provided coolant to the first channel 202 and the annular regions 230, 232, 234 around the spark plugs. Each annular region of the first channel 202 could also receive a supply 403, 404, 406, for example, from the cylinder block cooling jacket. A series of channels 408-418 fluidically connected the annular regions of the first channel 202 to the IEM channel 206, which may have a non-uniform cross-sectional area, as shown. The coolant exited the IEM channel 206 through channel 420, which was connected to a coolant outlet 422.

[0061] A second set of channels 424-426 fluidically connects the first channel 202 to the second channel 204. The second channel includes the annular sections 252, 254, 256 for cooling the exhaust valves. The coolant exits from fluid channel 204 via channel 430. Passage 430 connects to channel 420 upstream of the coolant outlet 422. As shown in the diagram... Fig. As can be seen in Figure 7, the coolant is first directed to cool the spark plug areas of the cylinder head and is then divided into a split parallel flowing configuration to direct the coolant to both the IEM area and the exhaust valve areas of the cylinder head.

[0062] The cooling jacket can typically be dimensioned according to the following principles. Of course, deviations may be necessary, for example, due to manufacturing constraints and the like imposed by the overall structure and other systems in the cylinder head. The intake port has a continuously decreasing cross-sectional area, while the exhaust port has a continuously increasing cross-sectional area. The cross-flow channels connecting the intake and exhaust ports vary in cross-sectional area relative to each other, with the first channel, which carries flow from the intake port to the exhaust port, having a smaller cross-sectional area than the last channel, which carries flow from the intake port. The cross-sectional areas of the cooling jacket's inlet and outlet are usually equal, or the outlet cross-sectional area is larger than the inlet cross-sectional area.The cross-sectional area of ​​the system at different stages of the system generally retains a constant value, as explained below.

[0063] While exemplary embodiments have been described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the disclosure. Rather, the words used in the description are descriptive and not limiting, and it is understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. In addition, the features of different embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the disclosure. Reference list: 20 engine 40 Exhaust manifolds or exhaust manifolds 44 Exhaust valve 72 Cylinder head 79 cylinder block 200 cooling jackets 202 first channel 204 second channel 206 third channel or integrated exhaust manifold (IEM) cooling channel 230, 232, 234 annular areas (first channel)

Claims

[1] Cylinder head (72), comprising: a component defining a cooling jacket (200) having a first and a second channel (202, 204) flow-connected by a third channel (206) surrounding an integrated exhaust manifold (40), wherein the first channel (202) extends with a continuously decreasing area in a longitudinal direction of the coolant flow and has an annular area surrounding a spark plug, and the second channel (204) extends with a continuously increasing area in a longitudinal direction of the coolant flow and has an annular area surrounding an exhaust valve (44). [2] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a first and second lower channel, wherein the first channel (202) connects fluidically to the third channel (206), the first and second lower channels are connected to the first channel (202) such that the second lower channel is spaced downstream of and longitudinally from the first lower channel, wherein the second lower channel has a larger area than the first lower channel. [3] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a first and second upper channel, wherein the third channel (206) connects fluidically to the second channel (204), the first and second upper channels are connected to the second channel (204) such that the second upper channel is spaced downstream of and longitudinally from the first upper channel, wherein the second upper channel has a smaller area than the first upper channel. [4] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a supply channel which fluidly connects a cylinder block jacket to the first channel (202) to provide coolant. [5] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has an outlet channel (204) which receives the coolant flow from the second channel (204). [6] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the first channel (202) is arranged between the second channel (204) and a cover surface, wherein both the first and the second channel (202, 204) extend from a first end region to a second opposite end region of the component. [7] Cylinder head (72) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling jacket (200) is formed by curved walls and without step interruption. [8] Motor (20), comprising: A cylinder head (72) with a cover surface to correspond to a corresponding surface of a cylinder block (79), wherein the cylinder head (72) defines a cooling jacket (200), the cooling jacket (200) being formed from a series of channels connected to each other by a series of curved connections for supplying coolant around spark plugs, exhaust valves (44) and an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head (72), each channel having a length greater than the average effective diameter of the channel, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a first channel (202) extending along the first longitudinal axis of the cylinder head (72) and having an annular region surrounding each spark plug, wherein the first channel (202) has a continuously decreasing cross-sectional area; and wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a second channel (204) extending along the second longitudinal axis of the cylinder head (72) and having an annular area surrounding each exhaust valve (44) and a bridge channel (262) extending over each exhaust bridge of the cylinder head (72), wherein the second channel (204) has a continuously increasing cross-sectional area. [9] Motor (20) according to claim 8, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a third channel (206) that surrounds the integrated exhaust manifold and connects to the exhaust surface of the cylinder head (72). [10] Motor (20) according to claim 9, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a series of lower channels (236, 238, 240) which are fluidly connected to the first channel (202) to the third channel (206) and spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, wherein each lower channel in the series of lower channels (236, 238, 240) increases in cross-sectional area as the cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel (202) decreases. [11] Motor (20) according to claim 10, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a series of upper channels (246, 248, 250) which are fluidly connected to the third channel (206) to the second channel (204) and are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, wherein each channel in the series of upper channels (246, 248, 250) decreases in cross-sectional area as the cross-sectional area of ​​the second channel (204) increases. [12] Motor (20) according to claim 11, wherein the interconnected channels of the cooling jacket (200) are arranged such that the coolant flows successively from the first channel (202) through the series of lower channels (236, 238, 240), through the third channel (206), through the series of upper channels (246, 248, 250) and to the second channel (204). [13] Engine (20) according to claim 9, further comprising a cylinder block (79) defining a cylinder block cooling jacket; wherein the cooling jacket (200) in the cylinder head (72) defines at least one supply channel which fluidly connects the cylinder block cooling jacket to the first channel (202) to provide the coolant. [14] Motor (20) according to claim 9, which further comprises an outlet opening which is fluidly connected to the second channel (204), [15] Motor (20) according to claim 8, further comprising a pumping system to drive the coolant flow through the cooling jacket (200); wherein the pumping system comprises one of (i) electric cooling pumps to drive the coolant flow through the cooling jacket (200) and (ii) a first mechanical coolant pump to drive the coolant flow through the cooling jacket (200) during engine operation and a second electric coolant pump to drive the coolant flow through the cooling jacket (200) when the engine is not in operation. [16] An engine component comprising: a cylinder head (72) that defines a cooling jacket (200); wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a first channel (202) extending longitudinally from a first end region to a second end region of the cylinder head (72) and having a continuously decreasing cross-sectional area towards the second end region and in the direction of the coolant flow through it, wherein the first channel (202) has a series of annular regions (230, 232, 234), each annular region having a recess dimensioned to accommodate a spark plug; and wherein the cooling jacket (200) has a second channel (204) extending longitudinally from the second end region to the first end region of the cylinder head (72) and having a continuously increasing cross-sectional area towards the first end region and in the direction of the coolant flow through it, wherein the second channel (204) receives the coolant from the first channel (202), the second channel (204) having a series of paired annular regions, each pair of annular regions having a pair of recesses dimensioned to accommodate a pair of exhaust valves (44). [17] An engine component according to claim 16, wherein the cooling jacket (200) fluidly connects a series of channels to the first channel (202) to the second channel (204) to provide the flow, the series of channels being spaced apart from each other longitudinally between the first and second ends of the cylinder head (72), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​each channel in the series of channels increases towards the second end of the cylinder head (72). [18] An engine component according to claim 16, wherein the cooling jacket (200) has an annular channel surrounding the exhaust ports of an integrated exhaust manifold (40) in the cylinder head (72), wherein the annular channel abuts an exhaust surface of the cylinder head (72) and receives the coolant from the first channel (202). [19] An engine component according to claim 18, wherein the second channel (204) receives the coolant from the first channel (202) via the annular channel.

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