drive device

Abstract

Drive device for a motor vehicle, comprising a drive shaft (1), a transmission with at least two gears, a differential (2) and a left and right output shaft (3, 4), wherein the transmission is formed by a planetary gear (5), wherein the differential (2) is integrated into the planetary gear (5), wherein the planetary gear (5) together with the differential (2) is mounted on the drive shaft (1), so that the planetary gear (5) together with the differential (2) forms a common first gear stage, characterized in that the sun gear (8) of the planetary gear (5) is arranged between the side gears (9) of the differential (2).

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for an electric vehicle. State of the art

[0002] Drive devices that drive a motor vehicle and thereby enable its movement are well known. It is also known that such drives can include a manual transmission for selecting different gear ratios for a drive engine speed, and that a drive torque can be distributed by means of a differential between two different output shafts, in particular for driving a left and a right wheel of the motor vehicle.

[0003] Especially in connection with electric motors as drive motors, very high demands are placed on the weight, size and efficiency of such drive devices.

[0004] From DE 10 2015 217 521 A1, a drive device for a motor vehicle is known, comprising a differential gear which is drivable by an electric machine and assigned to an axle of the motor vehicle, via which ground contact elements of the axle can be driven by the electric machine, with a planetary gear via which the differential gear can be driven by the electric machine, wherein the planetary gear has at least three gear elements rotatable about an axis of rotation, one of which is designed as a planet carrier, and at least one planetary gear which is different from the gear elements and which is rotatably mounted on one gear element and engages with the other gear elements via respective toothings,wherein a first of the transmission elements is drivable by the electric machine and a second of the transmission elements, which is drivable by the electric machine via the first transmission element, is coupled to the differential gear, and with a switching device which is switchable between a first switching position, in which the third transmission element is secured against rotation about the axis of rotation by means of the switching device, and at least one second switching position, in which the third transmission element is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the first transmission element by means of the switching device.

[0005] US 9 637 127 B1 discloses an electric drive unit for a motor vehicle, comprising: an electric motor; a differential housing having a differential gear assembly disposed therein, the differential housing forming a carrier for a plurality of planetary gears; a reduction gear set drivingly connected to the electric motor; a drive input gear disposed partially within the differential housing, the drive input gear having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion drivingly engaging the plurality of planetary gears and the second portion drivingly engaging the reduction gear set; a ring gear disposed outside the differential housing, the ring gear drivingly engaging the plurality of planetary gears;a first clutch device selectively engageable to couple the drive input gear to the differential case to establish a first drive ratio; and a second clutch device selectively engageable to retain the ring gear to establish a second drive ratio.

[0006] From DE 10 2010 004 228 A1 a device for driving a vehicle is known, comprising a housing, an electric machine, a differential gear and a planetary gear, wherein the sun gear of the planetary gear is connected to the electric machine, wherein the ring gear can be connected or not connected to the housing via a first clutch, wherein planetary gears are arranged between the ring gear and the sun gear, wherein the planetary gears are mounted on a planet carrier, wherein the planet carrier is coupled to the differential gear, wherein the planet carrier can be connected or not connected to the ring gear by a second clutch. Summary of the invention

[0007] It is an object of the invention to provide a drive device for a motor vehicle which can be constructed particularly light and compactly and at the same time enables efficient operation.

[0008] The problem is solved by a drive device for a motor vehicle having the features according to claim 1.

[0009] The drive device comprises a drive shaft, an at least two-speed manual transmission, a differential and a left and right output shaft, wherein the manual transmission is formed by a planetary gear, wherein the differential is integrated into the planetary gear, wherein the planetary gear is seated together with the differential on the drive shaft, so that the planetary gear together with the differential forms a common first gear stage.

[0010] According to the invention, a drive device is provided which enables the shifting of at least two gears by means of a planetary gear set. This allows, for example, an electric motor to be operated as a drive motor closer to its optimal operating point. Maximum torque and maximum speed of the motor vehicle can thus be more easily achieved using a drive motor, for example an electric one. In addition, a differential is integrated directly into the manual transmission so that the differential can also utilize the installation space required by the planetary gear set. For this purpose, at least parts of the differential are preferably arranged within the ring gear of the planetary gear set. This reduces the installation space required for the drive device. The differential can thus be formed together with the planetary gear set on the drive shaft and can thus be designed for lower torques, i.e., use smaller components.Overall, such a drive device is therefore lightweight, requires little space and is highly efficient.

[0011] According to the invention, the planetary gear is mounted together with the differential on the drive shaft, so that the planetary gear together with the differential forms a common first gear stage, which can be designed as a compact package.

[0012] According to the invention, the terms “left” and “right”, such as in “left output shaft” and “right output shaft”, do not necessarily have to be understood in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle when the drive device is installed and therefore lead to the sides of a motor vehicle, but can also lead, for example, to a front and a rear axle.

[0013] Preferably, the planetary carrier of the planetary gear forms the differential housing of the differential.

[0014] The differential's differential gears are preferably rotatably mounted on the planetary gear's planetary gear.

[0015] The planetary gear therefore fulfills a dual function and, in addition to its function in the planetary gear and thus the manual transmission, also serves as a necessary component of the differential.

[0016] The drive shaft can drive the sun gear of the planetary gear.

[0017] The drive shaft can be formed directly by a rotor shaft of a drive motor or can be rotationally connected to such a rotor shaft.

[0018] The output of the manual transmission is preferably via the planetary gear carrier of the planetary gear.

[0019] After the planetary gear carrier of the planetary gear, the output of the manual transmission is particularly preferably also transmitted via differential gears and side gears of the differential, in particular to a left and right output spur gear. The output spur gears can also be designed as pinion shafts. In particular, the output spur gears can be formed on hollow shafts, which can be arranged at least partially coaxially around the drive shaft.

[0020] Preferably, the left output spur gear meshes with a left drive spur gear of the left output shaft and the right output spur gear meshes with a right drive spur gear of the right output shaft, wherein the left and right output shafts and the left and right drive spur gears form a second gear stage of the drive device.

[0021] Preferably, the ring gear of the planetary gear can be selectively brought into a first position in which the ring gear is fixed to the housing, in particular for shifting a first gear of the manual transmission, and into a second position in which the ring gear is connected to the planetary carrier in a rotationally fixed manner, so that it rotates with the planetary carrier in a block, in particular for shifting a second gear of the manual transmission.

[0022] Particularly preferably, the ring gear of the planetary gear can be selectively brought into a third position in which the ring gear is neither fixed to the housing nor connected to the planetary web, so that a free speed can be set on the ring gear, in particular for switching a neutral gear of the manual transmission.

[0023] A differential lock can be formed between the left and right output shafts so that the left and right output shafts can be coupled to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by the differential lock. The differential lock is arranged in particular between the drive spur gears of the output shafts, i.e. in particular between the left and right drive spur gears. Such a differential lock can increase the traction of the vehicle in difficult driving situations by disabling the function of the differential and distributing the torque equally between both outputs. The position of the differential lock between the two output shafts allows the free space between the drive spur gears of the output shafts to be used. Retrofitting such a differential lock would also be relatively easy.

[0024] A differential lock can also be incorporated into the differential, allowing the planetary gear and a differential pinion to be coupled in a rotationally fixed manner. The differential lock is arranged axially next to the differential on the drive axle of the drive unit. Due to the low torques, a differential lock in this position can be designed very compactly and lightweight.

[0025] Preferably, a torque vectoring drive is formed on the differential, wherein the torque vectoring drive can be coupled to the planetary carrier and / or an output spur gear in a rotationally fixed manner. The torque vectoring drive can in particular be arranged axially next to the differential on the drive axle of the drive device. Such a torque vectoring drive enables dynamic cornering of the motor vehicle, since the torque distribution between the output shafts can be actively influenced. For this purpose, an additional torque is applied to the differential and / or the output shafts via an additional drive. Due to the arrangement of the torque vectoring drive on the differential, relatively low torques act and the torque vectoring drive can be dimensioned accordingly smaller.

[0026] Preferably, the drive device comprises a parking lock, wherein the parking lock is designed such that the planetary carrier and / or the sun gear of the planetary gear can be blocked by the parking lock, thus preventing rotation of the planetary carrier and / or the sun gear. Brief description of the drawings

[0027] The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional, partially sectioned view of a drive device according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 in a first state, namely in a first gear. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 in a second state, namely in a second gear. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 in a third state, namely in a neutral gear. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a parking lock on the sun gear. Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a parking lock on the differential. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a transverse lock on the output shafts. Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention in a variant embodiment with a differential lock on the differential. Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a drive device according to the invention in an embodiment with a torque vectoring drive. Detailed description of the invention

[0028] In the Fig. 1-4 illustrate a drive device according to the invention for a motor vehicle. The drive device comprises a drive motor 18, which drives a drive shaft 1, in particular the rotor shaft of the drive motor 18. A first gear stage of the drive device is formed on this drive shaft 1 and comprises a planetary gear 5 and a differential 2, which is integrated into the planetary gear 5.

[0029] The input shaft 1 directly drives the sun gear 8 of the planetary gear 5. The sun gear 8 meshes with plate gears 21, which are rotatably mounted on a planetary carrier 6. The planetary gears 21, in turn, mesh with the ring gear 14 of the planetary gear 5. The output of the first gear stage is via the planetary carrier 6, which simultaneously forms the differential housing of the differential 2.

[0030] Differential gears 7 of the differential 2 are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 6. The axis of rotation of the differential gears 7 is radial with respect to the drive axle 1, while the axis of rotation of the planetary gears 21 is axially parallel to the drive axle 1. The differential gears 7 mesh with a left and right side gear 9 of the differential 2, whose torques are each transmitted directly to a left output spur gear 10 and a right output spur gear 11 of the first gear stage via a hollow shaft that is coaxial with the drive axle 1.

[0031] The left output spur gear 10 and right output spur gear 11 mesh with the drive spur gears 12 and 13 of the second gear stage. The left and right drive spur gears 12, 13 are rotationally fixedly connected to the left and right output shafts 3 and 4, respectively, or are formed integrally.

[0032] The ratio of the first gear stage can be changed by positioning the ring gear 14 in one of three different positions ( Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). In particular, a shift sleeve 20 can be arranged radially outside the ring gear 14, so that by moving the shift sleeve 20, a connection of the ring gear 14 to the housing 19 of the drive device can be established ( Fig. 2) or with the planetary bar 6 ( Fig. 3) or neither with the housing 19 nor with the planetary web 6 ( Fig. 4).

[0033] In Fig. 2, the drive device is shown in a first gear, in which the ring gear 14 is connected to the housing 19 in a rotationally fixed manner, i.e., fixed to the housing, so that the speed of the ring gear 14 is set to 0. The gear ratio of the first gear stage then results from the ratio of the number of teeth between the ring gear and the sun gear + 1.

[0034] In Fig. 3, the ring gear 14 is connected to the planetary carrier 6 in a rotationally fixed manner and rotates in a block, the speed of the ring gear 14 and the planetary carrier 6 is then equal to the speed of the drive shaft 1.

[0035] In a middle position of the shift sleeve 20, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the ring gear 14 is neither fixed to the housing nor connected to the planetary gear 6. A free rotational speed is established on the planetary gear 6. In this position, no torque is transmitted from the drive shaft 1. This position represents a neutral gear of the drive device.

[0036] The Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show embodiments of the drive device with an additional parking lock 17.

[0037] In Fig. 5, the parking lock 17 is formed on the sun gear 8 or on the drive shaft 1, so that the drive shaft 1 and the sun gear 8 can be locked and locked via a shift sleeve 20. For each of the two shift sleeves 20 shown (on the parking lock 17 or on the ring gear), a possible second position is indicated by dashed lines.

[0038] In the execution of the Fig. 6, the parking lock 17 is formed on the differential so that the planetary gear 6, which forms the differential carrier, can be switched and blocked in a housing-fixed manner.

[0039] The Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 similarly show various arrangements of transverse locks 15 for locking the differential 2 in drive devices according to the invention.

[0040] In Fig. 7, a differential lock 15 is installed between the left and right output shafts 3 and 4, allowing the two output shafts 3 and 4 to be coupled together in a rotationally fixed manner. The differential lock 15 is arranged here in a space-saving manner between the two drive spur gears 12 and 13 of the output shafts.

[0041] Fig. Figure 8 shows an alternative arrangement of a differential lock 15, namely on the differential 2. Here, the planetary carrier 6, i.e., the differential carrier, and a side gear 9 of the differential 2 can be rotationally coupled by the differential lock 15. The differential lock 15 is arranged axially next to the differential 2 on the drive axle of the drive device, coaxial with the drive shaft 1.

[0042] Fig.Finally, Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of a drive device according to the invention, which has a torque vectoring drive 16 on the differential 2. The torque vectoring drive 16 has its own drive motor, which can be non-rotatably coupled to the planetary carrier 6 and / or an output spur gear 9, 10. The torque vectoring drive 16 is arranged axially next to the differential 2 on the drive axis of the drive device, i.e., again coaxial with the drive shaft 1.

[0043] Of course, any combination of the illustrated embodiments of a drive device is also possible, for example with a parking lock, transverse lock and / or torque vectoring drive. List of reference symbols 1 drive shaft 2 differentials 3 left output shaft 4 right output shaft 5 planetary gears 6 Planetary Bridge 7 balance wheel 8 Sun gear 9 Side wheel 10 left output spur gear 11 right output spur gear 12 left drive spur gear 13 right drive spur gear 14 ring gear 15 Transverse lock 16 Torque vectoring drive 17 Parking lock 18 Drive motor 19 housings 20 Shift sleeve 21 Planetary gear

Claims

[1] Drive device for a motor vehicle, comprising a drive shaft (1), an at least two-speed manual transmission, a differential (2) and a left and right output shaft (3, 4), wherein the manual transmission is formed by a planetary gear (5), wherein the differential (2) is integrated into the planetary gear (5), wherein the planetary gear (5) sits together with the differential (2) on the drive shaft (1), so that the planetary gear (5) together with the differential (2) forms a common first gear stage, characterized by that the sun gear (8) of the planetary gear (5) is arranged between the side gears (9) of the differential (2). [2] Drive device according to claim 1, characterized by that a planetary web (6) of the planetary gear (5) forms the differential housing of the differential (2). [3] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat differential gears (7) of the differential (2) are rotatably mounted on the planetary web (6) of the planetary gear (5). [4] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the drive shaft (1) drives the sun gear (8) of the planetary gear (5). [5] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the output of the manual transmission is via the planetary web (6) of the planetary gear (5). [6] Drive device according to claim 5, characterized by that the output of the manual transmission after the planetary web (6) of the planetary gear (5) takes place via differential gears (7) and side gears (9) of the differential (2), in particular to a left and a right output spur gear (10, 11). [7] Drive device according to claim 6, characterized bythat the left output spur gear (10) meshes with a left drive spur gear (12) of the left output shaft (3) and the right output spur gear (11) meshes with a right drive spur gear (13) of the right output shaft (4), wherein the left and right output shafts (3, 4) and the left and right drive spur gears (12, 13) form a second gear stage of the drive device. [8] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a transverse lock (15) is formed between the left and right output shafts (3, 4), so that the left and right output shafts (3, 4) can be coupled to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the transverse lock (15), wherein the transverse lock (15) is arranged in particular between drive spur gears (12, 13) of the output shafts (3, 4). [9] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat a transverse lock (15) is formed on the differential (2), so that the planetary web (6) and a side gear (9) of the differential (2) can be coupled in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the transverse lock (15), wherein the transverse lock (15) is arranged in particular axially next to the differential (2) on the drive axle of the drive device. [10] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a torque vectoring drive (16) is formed on the differential (2), wherein the torque vectoring drive (16) can be coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the planetary carrier (6) and / or an output spur gear (10, 11), wherein the torque vectoring drive (16) is arranged in particular axially next to the differential (2) on the drive axle of the drive device. [11] Drive device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the drive device comprises a parking lock (17), wherein the parking lock (17) is designed such that the planetary carrier (6) and / or the sun gear (8) can be blocked by the parking lock (17). -.-.-.

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