Operating device for operating at least one device of a motor vehicle, wherein an operation can be carried out depending on two physical parameters, motor vehicle and method

Abstract

Operating device (3) for operating at least one device (5) of a motor vehicle (1), comprising an operating element (4) and a measuring unit (6) having a first electrode (7) and a second electrode (8) which are movable relative to one another depending on an actuation of the operating element (4), and depending on a distance (A1) between the first electrode (7) and the second electrode (8) from one another, a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit (6), and the device (5) can be operated depending on the value, characterized in that the operating device (3) has a further measuring unit (6'), which is formed by the second electrode (8) and a third electrode (8a), and a carrier plate on which the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) are formed,so that the first electrode (7) is movable relative to the second electrode (8) and to the third electrode (8a) depending on the actuation and, depending on a further distance (A2) between the first electrode (7) and the further measuring unit (6'), a further value of a further physical parameter between the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a), which is dependent on the presence of the first electrode (7), can be detected by the further measuring unit (6') and the device (5) can be operated depending on the value and the further value.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an operating device for operating at least one device of a motor vehicle. The operating device has an operating element and a measuring unit having a first electrode and a second electrode. The measuring unit has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are movable relative to one another depending on an actuation of the operating element. Depending on the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit, and the device can be operated depending on the value. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle and a method.

[0002] In particular, operating devices with which a device can be operated using capacitive force gauges or force sensors are already well known in the prior art. For example, DE 10 2014 117 991 A1 discloses a generic operating device with a capacitive force sensor. The capacitive force sensor has a base body, a flat, elastically yielding membrane body, and two spacers arranged at a distance from one another between the base body and the membrane body. The membrane body is supported on the base body via the spacers and projects beyond at least one of the spacers, thereby forming a free end. A cavity is formed between the membrane body and the base body in the region between the spacers.When a force is applied to the membrane body in the area between the spacers, the membrane body is allowed to bend, with a first electrode being provided at the free end and a second electrode being provided at the base body. The first and second electrodes define a measuring capacitor with a measuring capacitance that changes with the force applied. Furthermore, the first and second electrodes further define means for electrical contact. In other words, in the prior art, the operation of the operating device is detected by a measurement. However, this can lead to incorrect operation.

[0003] Further state of the art: DE 31 14 518 A1 discloses a capacitive push-button switch characterized by variable capacitance. The core of the invention is a highly flexible, electrically conductive film or foil as a movable electrode. This is bonded to a dielectric layer (a plastic film) and attached to an electrode holder made of highly compressible material (e.g., polyurethane). This design enables larger capacitance changes between the on and off positions and more reliable manufacturing. The dielectric film can be made of various fluoropolymers and contributes to improved capacitance and switching reliability.

[0004] EP 0 726 655 A1 discloses a capacitive switching unit with an elastically deformable, conductive pad pressed against a dielectric coating on the surface of two thin foil plates. The pad, together with the plates, forms two series-connected capacitors. The movement of an actuating element compresses the pad, significantly changing the capacitance and triggering a switching function. The pad can be made of conductive elastomer or non-conductive elastomer with a conductive foil coating.

[0005] US 2016 / 0 156 353 A1 discloses a manipulation device, e.g., for a vehicle, with a fixed part and a movable part whose position can be manually changed. A key element is a contactless switching mechanism: Circuit components are located in the fixed and movable parts, forming an electrical circuit with a defined impedance. An input device in the movable part changes this impedance, thus enabling the transmission of control signals. This enables the transmission of manipulation signals without a mechanical connection and thus without compromising the operating feel or durability. Various embodiments with different electrode arrangements and switching mechanisms are described. This enables the transmission of manipulation signals without a mechanical connection and thus without compromising the operating feel or durability.Various embodiments with different electrode arrangements and switching mechanisms are described.

[0006] In particular, a purely touch-sensitive surface, as in the prior art, lacks haptic feedback, such as that provided by a mechanical switch. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a corresponding actuator behind the user interface that generates active haptics. In order for a user's finger to feel the desired haptic effect, the finger must press against the user interface. This requires force detection. In particular, it is envisaged that force detection can also be combined with the touch-sensitive surface to prevent faulty activation.

[0007] In particular, it may be stipulated that the operating devices must be operated in accordance with functional safety guidelines. For example, switching the lighting function in a motor vehicle is defined with an ASIL Level B. It is also possible that, for example, a hazard warning switch is required to meet ASIL Level B. These safety levels are specifically required by ISO 26262.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an operating device, a motor vehicle and a method by means of which increased functional safety can be provided.

[0009] This object is achieved by an operating device, a motor vehicle and a method according to the independent patent claims.

[0010] One aspect of the invention relates to an operating device for operating at least one device of a motor vehicle, comprising an operating element and a measuring unit. The measuring unit has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are movable relative to one another depending on an actuation of the operating element. Depending on the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit, and the device can be operated depending on the value.

[0011] It is provided that the operating device has a further measuring unit, which is formed by the second and a third electrode, and a carrier plate. The second electrode and the third electrode are formed on the carrier plate. As a result, the first electrode is movable relative to the second electrode and the third electrode depending on the actuation, and depending on a further distance between the first electrode and the further measuring unit, a further value of a physical parameter between the second electrode and the third electrode, which is dependent on the presence of the first electrode, can be detected by the further measuring unit. The device can be operated depending on the value and the further value.

[0012] This allows the actuation state to be recorded using two independent measuring methods. In particular, a first measuring method can be implemented by the first measuring unit and an independent second measuring method by the second measuring unit. This allows the actuation to be functionally secured. In other words, the operating device satisfies the functional safety guidelines at least according to ASIL Level B. This enables the operating device to be used, for example, for lighting functions in a motor vehicle and / or for a hazard warning switch. In addition to these functions, other functions are possible that require increased functional safety. This enables robust and reliable actuation of the operating device. In particular, it can prevent incorrect operation. This contributes to increasing road safety.

[0013] Likewise preferably, the second electrode and the third electrode can be arranged on a first side of the carrier plate, which faces away from the operating element. This has the advantage that when the operating element is actuated, the operating element cannot touch the second electrode and the third electrode, so that damage to the second electrode and the third electrode due to operation of the operating element does not occur. This can reduce damage to the second electrode and the third electrode. Furthermore, this creates space on the side of the carrier plate facing the operating element for further electronic components, which in particular must be arranged on this side, such as, for example, a lighting device for the operating element.

[0014] In particular, force measurement is realized by the measurement units capturing the physical parameter. This allows a safety level, particularly according to ASIL Level AD, to be maintained for functional safety.

[0015] Preferably, it can be provided that the distance and the further distance upon actuation are the same, but different physical parameters are influenced by the respective distances.

[0016] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the second electrode and the third electrode be insulated from each other on the carrier plate. For this purpose, the two electrodes can each have an insulating layer between them. It is also possible for the carrier plate material, in which these electrodes can be integrated, to itself have an insulating effect.

[0017] According to an advantageous embodiment, the operating device has a coupling element which is motion-coupled to the operating element and to the first electrode. In particular, it can be provided that the operating device also has a reset device which is coupled to the separate operating element in such a way that the operating element can be returned from a deflected position to a zero position by the reset device. In the zero position, in particular, the electrodes are pressed against one another and aligned parallel to one another by a prestressed state of the reset device. This embodiment makes it possible for the operating element to be automatically returned to the zero position as soon as the operating element is no longer operated.This allows the control element to be reliably returned to the zero position, even after repeated actuation, and to be held there securely by the mechanical preload. This reliable return to the zero position allows for greater sensitivity of the control device. This has the further advantage that no additional electrical component is required, as would be necessary with control devices using strain gauges, for example. Even very small actuation strokes of the control element can be detected more precisely and with high resolution. At the same time, the reset mechanism generates haptic feedback so that the operator knows whether or not they have operated the device.

[0018] For example, the reset device can comprise a coil spring and / or be arranged circumferentially around the coupling element. The coil spring is a simple reset device that can be arranged within the operating device in a particularly reliable, space-saving, and lightweight manner. The reset device can preferably be arranged circumferentially around the coupling element.

[0019] In particular, this allows the reset mechanism to be arranged within the operating device in a space-saving manner. Furthermore, it allows for a homogeneous movement of the operating element relative to the circuit board, allowing the operator to operate the operating element comfortably. It can encompass another pin-like element all the way around.

[0020] Preferably, the coupling element can extend through a hole in the carrier plate and be firmly connected to the first electrode, and can be motion-coupled to the operating element by a first coupling element end. In particular, the coupling element is pin-shaped. This saves material, allowing weight to be saved. Furthermore, one hole in the carrier plate is sufficient to transfer the force upon actuation to the first electrode. This allows the carrier plate to be easily manufactured, and the carrier plate offers installation space for other units, since only a single hole is required as a feedthrough. Furthermore, very short connection paths between the components are achieved, which favors a compact design.

[0021] Preferably, the coupling element can be mechanically coupled to the underside of the control element. Thus, the force applied to the control element can be transmitted directly to the coupling element, which in turn transmits the actuation to the first electrode, so that the device can be adjusted and / or selected depending on the value of the distance change.

[0022] It can also preferably be provided that the operating element and the coupling element are separate components that are mechanically connected and that the operating device has an adjustment device by means of which relative positions between the operating element and the coupling element can be changed. In particular, the relative position is fixed after adjustment and actuation can only take place in the respectively fixed state. In particular, this allows the operating device to be adjusted very individually and depending on the situation. For example, a required force for operating the operating device can be set in advance by means of the adjustment device. This can be done in particular because the spring travel of the spring element can be adjusted by means of the adjustment device. In particular, the force with which the operating device is to be actuated can be adjusted via the spring travel of the spring element.Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism allows the resolution accuracy of the control device to be adjusted due to the spring travel. This makes the control device suitable for many functions, particularly in motor vehicles.

[0023] It has also proven advantageous if an electronic computing device of the operating device is configured to compare the value of the physical parameter and the further value of the additional physical parameter and to operate the device based on the comparison. Comparing the physical parameters makes it possible to reliably detect an operation of the operating element, particularly while taking functional safety into account and implementing it.

[0024] In particular, the electronic computing device can be designed as an evaluation unit for evaluating the value. In particular, it is provided that an operating function of the device can be operated depending on the result of the evaluation of the value and the further value. This embodiment thus makes it possible to increase the electrical sensitivity of the actuation detection of the operating element, since the evaluation unit can operate the operating function of the device depending on the value and the further value. In particular, by ensuring return to the zero position, this leads to precise resolution of the positions by the evaluation unit of the operating device.

[0025] In a further advantageous embodiment, an electronic computing device of the operating device can be designed to evaluate the value of the physical parameter and output a first evaluation result, and the electronic computing device can be designed to evaluate the further value of the further physical parameter and output a further evaluation result, wherein the electronic computing device is designed to compare the evaluation result and the further evaluation result with one another and, if the evaluation results match, to actuate the device. In particular, an actuation of the operating element can, for example, be regarded as an evaluation result. Thus, only if the evaluation of the physical parameter reveals that an actuation has taken place can this be regarded as an evaluation result.In particular, by evaluating the additional value of the additional physical parameter, the electronic computing device can also determine that an operation has occurred. In particular, the device is only operated if both the evaluation result and the additional evaluation result indicate that an operation has occurred. This safeguards the device's operation, preventing incorrect operations.

[0026] It is also advantageous if a self-capacitance evaluation can be carried out by means of the measuring unit and / or a mutual capacitance evaluation can be carried out by means of the further measuring unit, wherein the respective physical parameter can be recorded as a respective capacitance value. The physical parameter can in particular be designed as a capacitance value, which in particular can also be a change in capacitance that can arise from a change in distance and / or from a distance between the electrodes. Based on the changes in capacitance of the measuring units, the respective values ​​can then be evaluated and the operating function of the device can be operated. It is also possible for the respective capacitance value to be determined after actuation in the end position of the electrodes moved towards each other, thus allowing an absolute capacitance value of the measuring unit to be evaluated in each case.

[0027] In particular, it is provided that the self-capacitance evaluation is performed between the first electrode and the second electrode. In particular, the first electrode is designed as a grounded metal object and, upon actuation, is pushed away from the second electrode, which is located in particular in the carrier plate. This allows an evaluation of the change in the self-capacitance of the second electrode on the carrier plate relative to the grounded object, which corresponds to the first electrode, to be recorded, thus allowing an operator force to be determined.

[0028] For the mutual capacitance measurement, the capacitance value between the second and third electrodes on the carrier plate is evaluated. The first electrode must be ungrounded. The first electrode changes the electric field due to the presence of the electrode between the second and third electrodes. A change in distance affects this electric field between the second and third electrodes due to the change in distance between the first electrode. This change in the electric field is recorded as a further value of the additional physical parameter.

[0029] In particular, this makes it possible to implement two independent measurement methods, namely the evaluation of self-capacitance and the evaluation of mutual capacitance, using the control device. This enables functional safety. In particular, this enables the use of the control device for devices that require functional safety.

[0030] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the first electrode can be at least temporarily grounded by means of an electronic computing device of the operating device, so that the self-capacitance evaluation can be carried out. In particular, the grounding can be carried out solely in the electronic computing device, for example by briefly connecting the first electrode to ground within the electronic computing device. In particular, a serial measurement of the self-capacitance and the mutual capacitance can thus be carried out. This can be carried out very easily by the electronic computing device. In particular, both a self-capacitance evaluation and a mutual capacitance evaluation can be carried out with few components, since the operating device requires only three electrodes.This leads to savings in construction costs and installation space, so that the operating device can be provided in a space-saving manner and with reduced components.

[0031] It is also advantageous if the second electrode and / or the third electrode are annular and / or cylindrical. In particular, by designing the second electrode and the third electrode in annular and / or cylindrical shapes, the hole for the coupling element can be very easily formed in the annular hole of the second electrode and / or the third electrode. In particular, if the first electrode is also annular, the value changes can then be recorded particularly reliably and with high resolution.

[0032] It is also advantageous if the second electrode and / or the third electrode is / are formed with an angular frame, in particular with a quadrangular frame. The square and / or cuboid design of the two electrodes has the advantage that the electrodes can be very easily applied to the carrier plate. This means that the operating device can be manufactured with little assembly effort. This means that the hole for the coupling element, which is in particular also rectangular, can be very easily formed in the hole of the second electrode and / or the third electrode. In particular, if the first electrode is also rectangular, the value changes can then be recorded particularly reliably and with a high resolution.

[0033] In a further advantageous embodiment, the second electrode and the third electrode can lie in one plane of the carrier plate, wherein one of the electrodes surrounds the other electrode, in particular at a distance from one another. In particular, the two electrodes are then designed at a distance from one another. In particular, the two electrodes can be designed as concentric rings or as a rectangular frame. This makes it possible, in particular, for the second and third electrodes to be formed in a space-saving manner on the carrier plate, which can in particular be designed as a printed circuit board. This creates more space, in particular on the carrier plate, for additional components or electrical lines that are necessary for the operating device.

[0034] In particular, it can be provided that each electrode encompasses the other. This makes it possible for the measuring units to be operated in a particularly space-saving manner while still maintaining high resolution.

[0035] It has also proven advantageous if the carrier plate is designed as a printed circuit board of the operating device and / or the second electrode and / or the third electrode is integrated into the carrier plate. In particular, this allows the operating device to be manufactured with a particularly reduced number of components, since electrical connections to the carrier plate, which are already present on the printed circuit board in particular, can be eliminated. In particular, this allows the carrier plate, which is designed as a printed circuit board, to be manufactured using surface mounting technology, so that the carrier plate can be manufactured particularly quickly with reduced components and weight. Overall, this reduces the weight and components of the operating device. This above-mentioned design makes the carrier plate a multifunctional component.

[0036] Furthermore, the integration of the second electrode and the third electrode into the carrier plate or the printed circuit board has the advantage that the printed circuit board or the carrier plate can be designed to save installation space, since the second electrode and the third electrode do not require any additional installation space within the operating device. In particular, it can also be provided that the second electrode and the third electrode are already integrated during the manufacture of the printed circuit board or the carrier plate, thus reducing the assembly effort of the operating device, for example, using surface-mounted technology (SMT).

[0037] Alternatively, the carrier plate is separate from a printed circuit board. Electronic components of the operating device, such as a control unit or contact elements, can be arranged on the printed circuit board. The carrier plate and the printed circuit board are then arranged so that they can move relative to each other.

[0038] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least the first electrode can have an insulating layer on an upper side of the electrode facing the second and / or the third electrode, and / or the second and third electrodes can have an insulating layer on a further upper side of the second electrode and / or the third electrode facing the first electrode. In particular, this can prevent the electrodes from directly touching each other in the zero position of the operating device or operating element, thereby establishing electrical contact. In particular, this can be used to detect specific value changes when the operating element is actuated. It is also possible, for example if the second electrode and the third electrode are integrated into the carrier plate or circuit board, for the insulating layer to be formed by the non-conductive material of the circuit board.In particular, this allows the electrodes to be isolated from one another, particularly in the zero position, with little assembly effort and a reduced number of components.

[0039] It has further proven advantageous if the operating device, in particular additionally, has a shielding electrode which is formed on the carrier plate. In particular, the shielding electrode can be formed on the carrier plate designed as a printed circuit board. The shielding electrode can in particular be a guard electrode. By means of this embodiment, even small changes can be detected more effectively. In particular, the second electrode and the third electrode "surround" the shielding electrode, which shields the inhomogeneous edge region of the electric field from the two electrodes. This results in an approximately parallel electric field with the known characteristics of an ideal flap capacitor between the first electrode and the second electrode and / or between the second electrode and the third electrode.In particular, interfering electromagnetic fields from other components of the carrier board or the circuit board can be shielded from the measuring unit, especially from the second and third electrodes. The shielding electrode can thus prevent measurement errors, so this arrangement also contributes to increasing electrical sensitivity.

[0040] It is also advantageous if an electronic computing device of the operating device is designed so that the device can be operated depending on the value of the physical parameter exceeding a predetermined threshold value and / or depending on the value of the further physical parameter further exceeding a further threshold value. In particular, this makes it possible for the operation to be detected and the device to be operated only when the respective predetermined threshold value is exceeded. This can prevent incorrect operations. In particular, the respective operation can only be carried out when a desired operation is carried out by exceeding the threshold value. Threshold values ​​can in particular be force threshold values. In other words, the user must press the operating element with a predetermined force in order to exceed the respective threshold values.In this way, the operation of the control device can be reliably recorded and incorrect operation can be prevented.

[0041] A further aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle with an operating device according to one of the preceding aspects. The motor vehicle is designed, in particular, as a passenger car.

[0042] Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an operating device for operating at least one device of a motor vehicle. The operating device has an operating element and a measuring unit. The measuring unit has a first electrode and a second electrode, which are moved relative to one another depending on an actuation of the operating element. Depending on the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, a value of a physical parameter is detected by the measuring unit, and the device is operated depending on the value.

[0043] The operating device has a further measuring unit, which is formed by the second and a third electrode, and a carrier plate on which the second electrode and the third electrode are formed. The first electrode is moved relative to the second electrode and the third electrode depending on the actuation, and depending on a further distance between the first electrode and the further measuring unit, a value of a further physical parameter, dependent on the presence of the first electrode, is detected between the second electrode and the third electrode by the further measuring unit. The device is operated depending on the value and the further value.

[0044] According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the value of the physical parameter is recorded before the further value of the further physical parameter, or the further value of the further physical parameter is recorded before the value of the physical parameter. In other words, the respective value of the respective physical parameter is recorded sequentially. This makes it possible to record two different values ​​of physical parameters with only three electrodes, reducing the number of components. For example, an electronic computing device can perform the evaluation.In particular, for example, in order to record the value of the physical parameter, the first electrode can first be earthed by the electronic computing device and, in a second step, the first electrode can then be unearthed by means of the electronic computing device so that the further value of the further physical parameter can be recorded.

[0045] It has also proven advantageous if the value of the physical parameter and the value of the further physical parameter are compared using an electronic computing device of the operating device, and the device is operated based on the comparison. Comparing the physical parameters makes it possible to reliably detect the operation of the operating element, particularly while taking functional safety into account and implementing it.

[0046] In a further advantageous embodiment, the value of the physical parameter can be evaluated by means of an electronic computing device of the operating device, and a first evaluation result can be output. The further value of the further physical parameter can be evaluated and a further evaluation result can be output. The evaluation result and the further evaluation result are compared with each other, and if the evaluation results match, the device is actuated. In particular, for example, an actuation of the operating element can be regarded as an evaluation result. Thus, only if the evaluation of the physical parameter reveals that an actuation has occurred can this be regarded as an evaluation result.In particular, by evaluating the additional value of the additional physical parameter, the electronic computing device can also determine that an operation has occurred. In particular, the device is only operated if both the evaluation result and the additional evaluation result indicate that an operation has occurred. This safeguards the device's operation, preventing incorrect operations.

[0047] An independent aspect of the invention relates to an operating device for operating at least one device of a motor vehicle, comprising an operating element and a measuring unit having a first electrode and a second electrode. Depending on an actuation of the operating element, the two electrodes are movable relative to one another, and depending on the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit, and the device can be operated depending on the value.

[0048] It is provided that the operating device has yet another, separate measuring unit, which is formed by the second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode, and has a carrier plate on which the second electrode and the third electrode are formed. The third electrode is arranged so as to be movable relative to the fourth electrode. Upon actuation of the operating element, the first electrode and the fourth electrode can be moved away from the second electrode and the third electrode. As a result, the first electrode can be moved relative to the second electrode, and the third electrode can be moved relative to the fourth electrode, depending on the actuation.Depending on a further distance between the fourth electrode and the third electrode, a further value of a further physical parameter between the third electrode and the second electrode can be detected by the further measuring unit, and the device can be operated depending on the value and the further value.

[0049] In particular, this allows for simultaneous self-capacitance and mutual capacitance evaluations. For example, the first electrode can be grounded, and a self-capacitance evaluation can be performed using the measuring unit. A mutual capacitance evaluation can be performed using the additional measuring unit, for example.

[0050] Advantageous embodiments of the operating device are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the motor vehicle and the method. The operating device and the motor vehicle have specific features that enable implementation of the method or an advantageous embodiment thereof.

[0051] Examples of embodiments are explained below using schematic drawings.

[0052] Showing: Fig. 1 a motor vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention, which has an operating device; Fig. 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device; Fig. 3 shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device; Fig. 4 shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device; Fig. 5 a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device according to Fig. 5; Fig. 6 a detailed view of a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device according to Fig. 4; Fig. 7 a detailed view of a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device according to Fig. 5; Fig. 8 shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device; Fig. 9 shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device; Fig. 10 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of an operating device; and Fig. 11 a further plan view of an embodiment of an operating device.

[0053] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0054] Fig. 1 shows a motor vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention in a plan view. The motor vehicle 1 is embodied as a passenger car. The motor vehicle 1 comprises an interior 2 in which an operating device 3 is arranged. The operating device 3, which is shown schematically here, comprises at least one operating element 4, which can be operated by an occupant of the motor vehicle 1. The operating device 3 can be arranged in the interior 2 of the motor vehicle 1 such that the operating element 4 faces the occupant of the motor vehicle 1.

[0055] The operating device 3 can detect an operating action in the form of actuation of the operating element 4. By applying force to the operating element 4 by a user or an operator, for example a driver of the motor vehicle 1, a corresponding control signal can be output.

[0056] In particular, it can be provided that at least one device 5 of the motor vehicle 1 can be operated by means of the operating device 3. It can also be provided that several functions of the device 5 can be operated with the operating device 3 or that several devices 5 can be operated with the operating device 3.

[0057] Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an operating device 3. The operating device 3 has, in particular, an electronic measuring unit 6. The measuring unit 6 has a first electrode 7 and a second electrode 8. The first electrode 7 and / or the second electrode 8 and / or a third electrode 8a can, in particular, be annular and / or cylindrical. It is also possible for the first electrode 7 and / or the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a to be designed with a rectangular frame, in particular a square frame.

[0058] Furthermore, the operating device 3 has a further measuring unit 6'. The measuring unit 6' is formed in particular by the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a.

[0059] In particular, it is provided that the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are formed on a circuit board 9 of the operating device 3. In particular, the two electrodes 8, 8a are electrically insulated from one another. In particular, the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are integrated into the circuit board 9. In particular, it is provided that the circuit board 9 is designed as a carrier plate.

[0060] Furthermore, it is provided in particular that at least the first electrode 7 has an insulating layer 10 on an upper side of the first electrode 7 facing the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a, and / or the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a have an insulating layer 10 on a further upper side of the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a facing the first electrode 7. The electrodes 7, 8, 8a are electrically separated from one another by means of the insulating layer 10. The electrodes 7, 8, 8a then lie directly on one another, electrically separated from one another only by the insulating layer 10. In particular, the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are arranged in a stationary manner on the circuit board 9. The second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are arranged in particular on a first side 14 of the circuit board 9 and are thus arranged on the circuit board 9 in particular facing away from the operating element 4.

[0061] In particular, the first electrode 7, the second electrode 8, and the third electrode 8a are oriented parallel to the circuit board 9, with the first electrode 7, in particular, being movable in a direction perpendicular to the first side 14 toward the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a. In particular, the electrodes 7, 8, 8a are thus oriented parallel to one another.

[0062] The operating device 3 is designed to operate the at least one device 5 and has the operating element 4 and the measuring unit 6, which has the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8, which are movable relative to each other depending on an actuation of the operating element 4, and depending on a distance A1 ( Fig. 3) the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 to each other a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit 6 and depending on the value the device 5 can be operated,

[0063] It is provided that the first electrode 7 is movable relative to the second electrode 8 and to the third electrode 8a depending on an actuation and depending on the distance A1 of the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 and depending on a further distance A2 ( Fig. 3) the first electrode 7 to the further measuring unit 6', a further value of a further physical parameter dependent on the presence of the first electrode 7 between the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a can be detected by the further measuring unit 6' and the device 5 can be operated depending on a value of a physical parameter which can be detected by the measuring unit 6 and depending on the distance A1, and depending on the further value.

[0064] In particular, it can be provided that the operating device 3 has a particularly rod-shaped or pin-like coupling element 11, which extends in particular through a hole 12 in the circuit board 9 and is connected, in particular, by a motion-coupled connection, to the first electrode 7. In particular, the coupling element 11 is also motion-coupled to the operating element 4 by means of a first coupling element 13.

[0065] In particular, the first electrode 7 and the operating element 4 are thus mechanically coupled to one another via the coupling element 11. In particular, the coupling element 11 can be designed as a coupling pin.

[0066] Furthermore, it is particularly provided that the operating element 4 and the coupling element 11 are separate components that are mechanically connected to one another. In particular, a relative position between the operating element 3 and the coupling element 11 can be changed by means of an adjustment device 19 of the operating device 3. In particular, the coupling element 11 is fixed after the respective relative position has been adjusted, so that actuation only occurs in the fixed state.

[0067] In particular, it can be provided that the operating device 3 has a reset device 15. In particular, it is provided that the reset device 15 is supported on a side 16 of the circuit board 9 facing the operating element 4. In particular, it is further provided that the reset device 15 is arranged on a pot-shaped support 17 of the operating element 4, wherein the support 17 is coupled in terms of movement to the operating element 4.

[0068] Preferably, it can be provided that the operating element 4 is cup-shaped in some regions and the separate coupling element 11 is arranged so as to be immersed in a cup-shaped region 18 of the operating element 4. In particular, the position of the coupling element 11 can be fixed in different relative positions to the operating element 4 in the immersed state by the adjustment device 19. In particular, a coupling structure 20 can be formed between the operating element 4 and the coupling element 11, which is in particular designed as a thread. Thus, in interaction with the adjustment device 19 and the coupling structure 20, the relative position of the coupling element 11 and the operating element 4 can be adjusted, in particular finely and continuously adjusted, and thus in particular a relative position of the operating element 4 to the circuit board 9 can also be adjusted.In particular, an adjustment area designed for engagement with a tool, in other words the adjustment device 19, for adjusting a relative position between the operating element 4 and the coupling element 11 can then be arranged at an end 21 of the coupling element 11 facing away from the operating element 4.

[0069] Furthermore, it is particularly provided that the return device 15 is arranged circumferentially around the coupling element 11.

[0070] Furthermore, it is particularly provided that an electronic computing device, which can be designed in particular as an evaluation device 25, of the operating device 3 compares the value of the physical parameter and the further value of the further physical parameter with one another, and the device 5 can be actuated depending on the comparison. Furthermore, it is particularly provided that the evaluation device 25 of the operating device 3 evaluates the value of the physical parameter and outputs an evaluation result, and the evaluation device 25 evaluates the further value of the further physical parameter and outputs a further evaluation result, wherein the evaluation device 25 compares the evaluation result and the further evaluation result with one another and, if the evaluation results match, actuates the device 5.

[0071] Furthermore, it is particularly provided that the device 5 can be operated by means of the evaluation device 25 depending on whether a predetermined threshold value of the value of the physical parameter is exceeded and / or depending on whether a further threshold value of the further value of the further physical parameter is further exceeded. In particular, the threshold value is specified as a force threshold. In other words, the device 5 is only operated when the predetermined force threshold value is exceeded. This makes it possible to prevent incorrect operation of the device 5.

[0072] In particular, force detection is thus made possible by means of the operating device 3.

[0073] It can further be provided that the operating device 3, in particular on the carrier plate, has a shielding electrode 35.

[0074] Fig. 3 shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device 3 according to Fig. 2. The operating device 3 is in particular in an actuated state. This means that in particular an operator of the operating device 3 has actuated the operating element 4 by exerting a force F on the operating element 4. Because the operating element 4 is motion-coupled to the coupling element 11, the coupling element 11 has also been moved relative to the circuit board 9. The first electrode 7 is also motion-coupled to the coupling element 11, so that the first electrode 7 has also moved towards the circuit board 9. In particular, the first electrode 7 has been moved from a zero position 22, which is in Fig. 2, into a deflected position 23. In particular, the distance A1 has arisen between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8. In particular, the further distance A2 has arisen between the first electrode 7 and the third electrode 8a. In particular, the distance A1 and the further distance A2 can have the same distance value. Using the distance A1, the value of the physical parameter can now be detected by the measuring unit 6, in particular by the evaluation device 25. Using the further distance A2, the further value of the further physical parameter can now be detected by the measuring unit 6', in particular by the evaluation unit 25. Depending on the values, the device 5 can be operated. In particular, it can be provided that, depending on different values, different devices 5 or different operating modes of the device 5 can also be operated at different distances A1, A2.

[0075] As a physical parameter, in particular a capacitance value, which in particular can also be a capacitance change, which arises from the distances A1, A2 of the electrodes 7, 8, 8a to one another, can be detected.

[0076] In particular, it is now provided that, should the operator no longer exert force F on the operating element 4, the first electrode 7 automatically returns to the zero position 22 by means of the return device 15, which is designed in particular as a spiral spring. In other words, after the operation is completed, the first electrode 7 is automatically returned to the zero position 22. This allows the operating device 3 to be operated more advantageously with increased resolution, since the fixed zero position 22 can always be assumed.

[0077] Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device 3. The operating device 3 is presently in the zero position 22. The first electrode 7 rests in particular on the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a, wherein the electrodes 7, 8, 8a are aligned in particular parallel to one another. The electrodes 7, 8, 8a are pressed against one another by means of the reset device 15. The first electrode 7 can be electrically coupled to a ground contact 28, in particular by means of a spring element 26 and a ground connection 27. The ground contact 28 is insulated in particular from the second electrode 8 and / or from the third electrode 8a. In particular, it can be provided that the ground contact 28 is only grounded when the evaluation device 25, in particular electronically, grounds it. In other words, the grounding takes place by means of the evaluation unit 25. In Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the electrode 7 has an electrode plate 29.

[0078] Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device 3 according to Fig. 4. In the present case, the operating device 3 is in the deflected position 23, and the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 are spaced apart by a distance of A1. The first electrode 7 and the third electrode 8a are spaced apart by a distance of A2. By means of the spring element 26, the first electrode 7 can be grounded to the ground contact 28 even in the deflected position 23, if controlled by the evaluation device 25, since the spring element 26 is variable in length and thus maintains the electrical coupling even when the electrodes 7, 8, 8a are in different relative positions to one another, so that the physical parameter can be measured, particularly in the case of self-capacitance measurement.

[0079] Fig. 6 shows a detailed view of a further schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the operating device 3 according to Fig. 4. In particular, the Fig. 6 the operating device 3 in the zero position 22. In other words, the first electrode 7 rests on the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a. In particular, the first electrode 7 rests with the electrode plate 29 on the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a. The first electrode 7 is in turn electrically coupled to the ground contact 28 via the spring element 26 and the ground connection 27 and can thus be grounded by means of the evaluation device 25. In particular, it is provided that the insulating layer 10 is formed between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 or between the first electrode 7 and the third electrode 8a. Furthermore, it is provided in particular that the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a and the ground contact 28 are electrically separated from one another. In particular, it is provided that the spring element 26 is supported on an underside 30 of a coupling element head 31.In particular, the spring element 26 can then rest against a platform 32 of the adjustment range of the coupling element 11. In particular, it is also provided that the spring element 26 is surrounded by the first electrode 7 over its entire extent in the direction of a longitudinal axis L of the spring element 26.

[0080] The Fig. 7 further shows a further detailed view of an embodiment of the operating device 3 from Fig. 5 deflected position 23. The first electrode 7 is at a distance A1 from the second electrode 8, and the first electrode 7 is at a distance A2 from the further measuring unit 6', which distance occurred due to the change in distance upon actuation of the operating element 4. Due to the design of the grounding connection 27 as a spring element 26, grounding with the grounding contact 28 can be realized even in the deflected position 23 by appropriate control with the evaluation device 25, since in particular the spring element 26 can change in length. This allows the value for the physical parameter to be determined, whereby the device 5 can be operated.

[0081] Fig. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the operating device 3. The Fig. Figure 8 shows schematically how the value of the physical parameter can be measured by means of the measuring unit 6. In particular, Fig. 8 shows how a self-capacitance evaluation 33 can be carried out by the second electrode 8 and the first electrode 7. In particular, this requires that the first electrode 7 is grounded. In particular, an electric field is then built up between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8. This electric field is influenced by changing the distance A1 between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8. This electric field change between the electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 can be evaluated by means of the evaluation device 25. In particular, a capacitance value or a change in the capacitance value can then be recorded as a physical parameter.

[0082] In particular, it can be provided that the first electrode 7 is at least temporarily grounded by means of the evaluation device 25, so that the self-capacitance evaluation 23 can be carried out. In other words, the grounding can be carried out temporarily by means of the evaluation device 25. In particular, the grounding can be carried out by means of the evaluation device 25.

[0083] Fig. 9 shows in a further schematic cross-sectional view an embodiment of the operating device 3. The operating device 3 according to Fig. 9 shows how the further measuring unit 6' can in particular carry out a mutual capacitance evaluation 34.

[0084] In particular, during the mutual capacitance evaluation 34, a capacitance value is measured between the third electrode 8a and the second electrode 8. Due to the presence of the first electrode 7, the electric field between the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a, i.e., the further measuring unit 6', is influenced. This influence can be detected by the evaluation device 25. In particular, the further physical parameter is also detected as a capacitance value or change in the capacitance value. In particular, in the present exemplary embodiment, according to the further measuring unit 6', the first electrode 7 is not grounded. This non-grounding can be carried out in particular by means of the evaluation device 25, in particular controlled by an electronic controller of the evaluation device 25.

[0085] In particular, it can be provided that a sequential evaluation is carried out by the measuring unit 6 and the further measuring unit 6'. For example, the self-capacitance evaluation 33 can be carried out first by the evaluation device 25 first grounding the electrode 7, and then the mutual capacitance evaluation 34 can be carried out by the further measuring unit 6' by the evaluation device 25 removing the grounding of the first electrode 7. It is also possible for a mutual capacitance evaluation to be carried out by the measuring unit 6 and a self-capacitance evaluation by the further measuring unit 6'.

[0086] This allows, as in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, two parallel measurement methods are provided within one operating device 3. In particular, this contributes to functional safety. In particular, the actuation of the operating device 3 can thus be determined using two independent measurement methods. In particular, for devices 5 that must have corresponding functional safety, an operating device 3 with an ASIL Level B can thus be provided. For example, switching the light function in motor vehicle 1 is defined with an ASIL Level B. It is also possible that, for example, a hazard warning switch with ASIL Level B is required. These safety levels are required in particular by ISO 26262.

[0087] Fig. 10 shows a schematic plan view of a detailed view of an embodiment of an operating device 3. In particular, the Fig. 10 is a plan view of side 14 of the printed circuit board 9. In particular, the Fig. 10, that the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a can be annular and / or cylindrical. The second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are designed, in particular, to lie in one, in particular common, plane of the carrier plate, wherein one of the electrodes 8, 8a surrounds the other electrode 8, 8a, in particular at a distance from one another. In the present exemplary embodiment, the third electrode 8a is designed to circumferentially surround the second electrode 8. For this purpose, the third electrode 8a has an inner region I, in which the second electrode 8 is arranged internally.

[0088] Furthermore, the operating device 3 has a shielding electrode 35 in the interior 34. The shielding electrode 35 is formed, in particular, circumferentially around the hole 12. In particular, the shielding electrode 35 serves to shield the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a against interference. In particular, the shielding electrode 35 can be formed on the carrier plate embodied as a printed circuit board 9. The shielding electrode 35 can, in particular, be a guard electrode. This embodiment allows even small changes to be detected more effectively. In particular, the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a "surround" the shielding electrode 35, which shields the inhomogeneous edge region of the electric field from the two electrodes 8, 8a.This results in an approximately parallel electric field with the known characteristics of an ideal flap capacitor between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 and / or between the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a. In particular, interfering electromagnetic fields from other components of the carrier plate or the circuit board 9 can be shielded from the measuring unit 6 and the further measuring unit 6', in particular from the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a. Measurement errors can thus be prevented by means of the shielding electrode 35, so that this arrangement also contributes to increasing electrical sensitivity.

[0089] The shielding electrode 35 is formed in particular on the carrier plate designed as a printed circuit board 9.

[0090] Fig. 11 shows a further schematic plan view of an embodiment of the operating device 3. In the following example, as in Fig. 10 looked at page 14. Fig. 11 further shows that the second electrode 8 and / or the third electrode 8a can have a rectangular frame, in particular a square frame. The second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are in particular formed lying in one, in particular common, plane of the carrier plate, wherein one of the electrodes 8, 8a surrounds the other electrode 8, 8a, in particular at a distance from one another. In the present example, in particular the second electrode 8 is formed externally and circumferentially around the third electrode 8a. The third electrode 8a is thus located in an inner region I of the second electrode 8. The second electrode 8 is thus formed circumferentially around the third electrode 8a. Furthermore, in this embodiment too, the shielding electrode 35 is arranged around the hole 12, wherein in the following exemplary embodiment both the shielding electrode 35 and the hole 12 are rectangular.

[0091] In a method for operating the operating device 3 for operating at least the device 5 of the motor vehicle 1, the first electrode 7 is moved to the second electrode 8 depending on an actuation of the operating element 4, and the value of the physical parameter is recorded by the measuring unit 6 depending on the distance A1 between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8, and the device 5 is operated depending on the value. It is provided that the operating device 3 is provided with the further measuring unit 6', which is formed by the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a, and with the carrier plate.The first electrode 7 is moved relative to the second electrode 8 and to the third electrode 8a depending on the actuation and depending on the further distance A2 of the first electrode 7 to the further measuring unit 6', the value of the further physical parameter between the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a, which value is dependent on the presence of the first electrode 7, is detected by the further measuring unit 6' and the device 5 is operated depending on the value and the further value.

[0092] In particular, it can be provided that the value of the physical parameter is recorded before the further value of the further physical parameter, or that the further value of the further physical parameter is recorded before the value of the physical parameter. In other words, for example, an evaluation of the self-capacitance 33 can first be performed by the measuring unit 6, followed by a mutual capacitance evaluation 34 by the further measuring unit 6'. The same can also be done the other way around.

[0093] Alternatively, it can be provided that the operating device has yet another, separate measuring unit, which is formed by the second electrode 8, the third electrode 8a, and a fourth electrode, and has a carrier plate on which the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a are formed. The third electrode 8a is arranged so as to be movable relative to the fourth electrode. Upon actuation of the operating element 4, the first electrode 7 and the fourth electrode can be moved away from the second electrode 8 and the third electrode 8a. As a result, the first electrode 7 can be moved relative to the second electrode 8, and the third electrode 8a can be moved relative to the fourth electrode, depending on the actuation.Depending on a further distance between the fourth electrode and the third electrode 8a, a further value of a further physical parameter between the third electrode 8a and the second electrode 8 can be detected by the further measuring unit, and the device 5 can be operated depending on the value and the further value.

[0094] In particular, this allows for simultaneous self-capacitance and mutual capacitance evaluations. For example, the first electrode can be grounded, and a self-capacitance evaluation can be performed using the measuring unit. A mutual capacitance evaluation can be performed using the additional measuring unit, for example.

Claims

[1] Operating device (3) for operating at least one device (5) of a motor vehicle (1), comprising an operating element (4) and a measuring unit (6) which has a first electrode (7) and a second electrode (8) which are movable relative to each other depending on an actuation of the operating element (4), and depending on a distance (A1) between the first electrode (7) and the second electrode (8) a value of a physical parameter can be detected by the measuring unit (6) and depending on the value the device (5) can be operated, characterized by, that the operating device (3) has a further measuring unit (6') which is formed by the second electrode (8) and a third electrode (8a), and a carrier plate on which the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) are formed, such that the first electrode (7) is relatively movable relative to the second electrode (8) and to the third electrode (8a) depending on the actuation and, depending on a further distance (A2) of the first electrode (7) to the further measuring unit (6'), a further value of a further physical parameter between the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a), which depends on the presence of the first electrode (7), can be detected by the further measuring unit (6') and, depending on the value and the further value, the device (5) can be operated. [2] Operating device (3) according to claim 1, characterized by, that the operating device (3) has a coupling element (11) which is motionally coupled to the operating element (4) and to the first electrode (7). [3] Operating device (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the operating device (3) has an electronic computing device (25) which is designed to compare the value of the physical parameter and the further value of the further physical parameter and to operate the device (5) depending on the comparison. [4] Operating device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the operating device (3) has an electronic computing device (25) which is configured to evaluate the value of the physical parameter and output an evaluation result, and the electronic computing device (25) is configured to evaluate the further value of the further physical parameter and output a further evaluation result, wherein the electronic computing device (25) is configured to compare the evaluation result and the further evaluation result with each other and, if the evaluation results match, to operate the device (5). [5] Operating device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a self-capacity evaluation (33) and / or a counter-capacity evaluation (34) can be carried out using the measuring unit (6) and the further measuring unit (6'), whereby the respective physical parameter can be recorded as the respective capacity value. [6] Operating device (3) according to claim 5, characterized by , that the operating device (3) has an electronic computing device (25), and that by means of the electronic computing device (25) the first electrode (7) is at least temporarily grounded so that the self-capacitance evaluation (33) can be carried out. [7] Operating device (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least the second electrode (8) and / or the third electrode (8a) is / are ring-shaped and / or cylindrical. [8] Operating device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that at least the second electrode (8) and / or the third electrode (8a) is / are designed with a square frame, in particular with a rectangular frame. [9] Operating device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) lie in a plane of the carrier plate, wherein one of the electrodes (8, 8a) surrounds the other electrode (8, 8a), in particular spaced apart from each other. [10] Operating device (3) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the carrier plate is designed as a circuit board (9) of the operating device (3) and / or the second electrode (8) and / or the third electrode (8a) is integrated into the carrier plate. [11] Operating device (3) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least the first electrode (7) has an insulating layer (10) on one of the upper surfaces of the first electrode (7) facing the second electrode (8) and / or the third electrode (8a) and / or the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) have an insulating layer (10) on one of the upper surfaces of the second electrode (8) and / or the third electrode (8a) facing the first electrode (7). [12] Operating device (3) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the operating device (3) has a shielding electrode (35) which is formed on the carrier plate. [13] Operating device (3) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the operating device (3) has an electronic computing device (25) which is configured to operate the device (5) depending on whether a predetermined threshold value of the value of the physical parameter is exceeded and / or depending on whether a further predetermined threshold value of the further physical parameter is exceeded. [14] Motor vehicle (1) with an operating device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 13. [15] Method for operating a control device (3) for operating at least one device (5) of a motor vehicle (1), comprising a control element (4) and a measuring unit (6) which has a first electrode (7) and a second electrode (8) which are moved relative to each other depending on an actuation of the control element (4), and depending on a distance (A1) between the first electrode (7) and the second electrode (8) a value of a physical parameter is detected by the measuring unit (6) and the device (5) is operated depending on the value, characterized by, that the operating device (3) has a further measuring unit (6') which is formed by the second electrode (8) and a third electrode (8a), and a carrier plate on which the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) are formed, such that the first electrode (7) is moved relative to the second electrode (8) and to the third electrode (8a) depending on the actuation and depending on a further distance (A2) of the first electrode (7) to the further measuring unit (6') a further value of a further physical parameter between the second electrode (8) and the third electrode (8a) which depends on the presence of the first electrode (7) is detected by the further measuring unit (6') and depending on the value and the further value the device (5) is operated. [16] Method according to claim 15, characterized by, that the value of the physical parameter is recorded before the further value of the further physical parameter, or that the further value of the further physical parameter is recorded before the value of the physical parameter.

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