Adapter for electrically charging a device's battery and charging system for this purpose

Abstract

Adapter (16) for electrically charging a battery (151) of a device (15) having a device socket (17) at a charging station (11) designed for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car (12) with direct current and coupled on the output side to a station plug (13). • an input-side socket (19) that fits the station plug (13); • an output-side plug (20) that fits the device socket (17); • a control device (22) coupled to the socket (19) and the plug (20); wherein • the control device (22) is designed such that it - can determine a current state variable of the accumulator (151); - a parameter that is typical for the accumulator (151) and can send the current state variable to the charging station (11); characterized in that • the accumulator (151) is not the traction battery of an electric car (12); • the adapter (16) has an adjustment device (25, 31) that can generate the parameter typical for the accumulator (151); • the control unit (22) is coupled to the adjustment unit (25, 31).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an adapter for electrically charging a battery of a device and a charging system therefor having the features of the preambles of the respective independent patent claims.

[0002] Charging stations are known in the art that enable direct current charging of traction batteries in electric cars. Direct current from the charging station is fed directly into the traction battery. The direct current is provided, for example, by a rectifier in the charging station connected to the public power grid or by buffer batteries connected to solar modules. The vehicle only contains a battery management system that communicates with the charging station to adjust the charging current and voltage supplied by the charging station and to terminate charging when the battery is fully charged. The power electronics are located in the charging station.

[0003] In Fig. The upper half of Figure 1 schematically illustrates a known charging system 10', which has such a charging station 11 and is coupled to an electric car 12 with a traction battery (not shown) and a battery management system (not shown). The charging system 10' also has a station plug 13 and a station cable 14. The station cable 14 is coupled to the charging station 11 on the input side and to the station plug 13 on the output side. The station plug 13 is plugged into a suitable vehicle socket (not shown) on the electric car 12, which is coupled to its battery management system and traction battery. Communication between the charging station and the battery management system and the charging current are conducted via the station cable 14, the station plug 13, and the vehicle socket.

[0004] The plugs and sockets, as well as the communication, are largely standardized. For example, there are the "CHAdeMO" and "Combined Charging System," also abbreviated to "CCS." With CHAdeMO and CCS, the battery management system connects to the charging station to form a master-slave system. The battery management system (master) reports to charging station 11 (slave) the current charge level of the traction battery, the maximum DC voltage and the maximum DC current with which the traction battery may be charged, as well as the current voltage and the current temperature of the traction battery. The maximum DC voltage and the maximum DC current represent parameters that are typical for the traction battery. The current charge level, the current voltage, and the current temperature represent the current state variables of the traction battery.The charging station 11 then adjusts the charging voltage and charging current to the parameters and state variables communicated by the battery management system. In this way, the electric vehicle 12 controls the charging process, resulting in the fastest and most gentle charging of its traction battery.

[0005] According to CHAdeMO, communication via the CAN protocol takes place over a two-wire CAN bus. Accordingly, the corresponding station plugs 13 and vehicle sockets each have a positive contact and a negative contact, usually designated DC+ and DC-, a protective contact, usually designated PE, and a high contact and a low contact, usually designated CAN-H and CAN-L. The charging current is transmitted via the positive contacts DC+ and negative contacts DC-, and protective earthing is established via protective conductors connected to the protective contacts PE. Communication is conducted via the high contacts CAN-H and low contacts CAN-L.

[0006] According to CCS, communication takes place via pulse width modulation, also abbreviated as "PWM", and optionally via powerline communication, also abbreviated as "PLC", via two signal lines. Accordingly, the corresponding station plugs 13 and vehicle sockets each have a positive contact and a negative contact, usually designated DC+ and DC-, a protective contact, usually designated PE, a limit contact, usually designated PP, and a control contact, usually designated CP. As with CHAdeMO, the charging current is transmitted via the positive contacts DC+ and negative contacts DC-, and protective earthing is established via protective conductors connected to the protective contacts PE. Communication via PWM and optionally via PLC is conducted via the control contacts CP and the protective contacts PE.The limiting contacts PP are used to limit the charging current by means of resistance coding so that the station cable 14 used is not overloaded.

[0007] DE 10 2015 206 047 A1 describes an adapter for electrically charging an electric vehicle according to a vehicle-side charging connector system at a charging station according to a station-side charging connector system that is different from the vehicle-side charging connector system. This known adapter comprises a charging socket according to the station-side charging connector system, a charging connector according to the vehicle-side charging connector system, a data interface according to a data communication technology of the vehicle-side charging connector system, a data interface according to a data communication technology of the station-side charging connector system, a processing unit, and a vehicle-side communication interface. The vehicle-side charging connector system is a CCS charging connector system, and its data communication technology is based on powerline transmission.The station-side charging connector system is a CHAdeMO charging connector system, and its data communication technology is based on CAN bus transmission. The processing unit is designed to convert data according to the data communication technology of the vehicle-side charging connector system into data according to the data communication technology of the station-side charging connector system, and vice versa. The communication interface is based on pulse width modulation, and the processing unit is further designed to convert data according to a CAN bus protocol into data according to a pulse width modulation protocol.

[0008] This document also describes a charging system comprising a charging station according to a station-side charging connector system and this adapter, which is used at the charging station to enable charging of electric vehicles that support a vehicle-side charging connector system that is different from the station-side charging connector system.

[0009] With this well-known adapter and charging system, the accumulator to be charged is the electric vehicle's traction battery. The charging process is controlled by communication between the charging station and the electric vehicle's battery management system. The adapter merely converts the data to be communicated between the various vehicle-side and station-side protocols.

[0010] DE 10 2016 211 335 A1 describes an adapter with a CHAdeMO socket on the input side for accommodating a charging station plug of a CHAdeMO charging station, a CCS plug on the output side for connecting to an electric vehicle, and electronic circuit logic. The circuit logic is designed to embed incoming signal states via the CHAdeMO socket into a CAN message and provide them as an output signal. The circuit logic is designed to forward a CAN message generated during communication from the charging station or from a charging manager of the electric vehicle unchanged to the respective counterpart. The adapter is designed to send the CAN message to an additional control unit in the electric vehicle connected upstream of the charging manager. The additional control unit is designed to be connected between a CCS charging socket of the electric vehicle and the charging manager.The additional control unit has circuit logic designed to convert a CAN message received by the adapter's circuit logic into electrical signals and provide them to the charging manager 5. The circuit logic of the additional control unit is designed to convert the charging manager's digital output signals into CAN messages and send them to the adapter's circuit logic. The circuit logic of the additional control unit is designed to forward a CAN message generated during communication from the charging station or charging manager unchanged to the respective counterpart.

[0011] This document also describes a charging system that includes this adapter and this additional control unit, which is connected upstream of the charging manager in the electric vehicle.

[0012] With this well-known adapter and charging system, the battery to be charged is the electric vehicle's traction battery. The charging process is controlled by communication between the charging station and the electric vehicle's charging manager. The adapter merely converts the data to be communicated between the various vehicle-side and station-side protocols.

[0013] DE 11 2013 006 901 T5 forms the basis for the preamble of the independent claims and describes an inter-protocol charging adapter for a vehicle to be charged via a bus. This adapter comprises first ports, second ports, a boost converter, and a processor. The first ports correspond to a first charging protocol that requires the bus to be supplied with power before the vehicle is connected to the bus. The first ports comprise ports for at least two power supplies coupled to a battery of the vehicle: a ground port, a near port, and a control port. The second ports correspond to a second charging protocol that does not supply the bus with power before the vehicle is connected to the bus.The second ports include ports for at least two power supplies coupled to a charging system and to the bus, a ground port, at least two charging start / stop ports, a near port, a charging start / stop port, and at least two CAN ports. The boost converter is coupled to the bus and to at least one of the charging start / stop ports. The processor causes the boost converter to draw power from the charging start / stop port and use the drawn power to power the bus before the vehicle is connected to the bus. The vehicle is an electric vehicle operating using the charging protocol according to SAE J1772 or the Telsa Motors charging protocol. The charging system is an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) using the CHAdeMO protocol and implemented in a charging station. The adapter is plugged into the vehicle.The EVSE connector plugs into the adapter. The processor controls the adapter's operations. The adapter includes a high-voltage boost converter that controls the voltage on a bus between the power supply terminals. The processor receives voltage information from the vehicle and then activates the boost converter to apply approximately the same voltage level to the bus. The vehicle can transmit parameters to the EVSE, such as a voltage limit, maximum current, and / or the battery system's capacity. The EVSE can display its maximum output voltage and maximum output to the vehicle.

[0014] With this well-known adapter, the accumulator to be charged is the traction battery of the electric vehicle.

[0015] US 2015 0 346 288 A1 describes a test system for an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) for accurately verifying the active energy delivered by the EVSE. This test system includes a programmable load controller for providing a variable effective load to the EVSE using fixed loads connectable thereto, and a measuring device. The measuring device includes a primary port for receiving a charging cable that normally connects the EVSE to an electric vehicle, measuring devices, digital processing means, and an output device. The measuring devices simultaneously perform sampled measurements of voltage and current from supply lines that deliver power from the EVSE to the fixed loads via the load controller after the charging cable is connected to the primary port.The digital processing means are configured to calculate a first value of the active energy delivered by the EVSE to the fixed loads from the sampled measurements obtained by the measuring devices. The output device in the form of a display serves to display the first value of the delivered active energy. The meter includes a user input device in the form of a keypad for communicating with the meter. In a STANDARD test mode, the meter first establishes a steady-state charging situation, then measures the energy for a fixed number of energy pulses from the EVSE, and then terminates the charging process. The user then sets this mode by interacting with the meter's firmware / software via the keypad and display. The necessary setting information may include setting the charging current. The programmable load is activated by the user selecting the charging current for the test.

[0016] Thus, in this well-known test system, the measuring device can generate a parameter typical for the test via the keyboard.

[0017] WO 2015 084 106 A1 describes a charging device for an electric vehicle. This charging device comprises a hybrid charger and a connector assembly. The hybrid charger includes a control circuit installed within a charger main body and a button control unit installed outside the charger main body in an exposed state. The control circuit includes a switching device for selecting the DC power supply and the AC power supply for DC fast charging and AC fast charging, and a communication module for detecting billing and power consumption and subsequently communicating the billing and power consumption to a utility. The button control unit is electrically connected to the control circuit for selecting the DC power supply or the AC power supply.The connector assembly is electrically connected to the control circuit and includes a first connector, a second connector with a first connector coupling, and a third connector with a second connector coupling. The first connector coupling is coupled to the first connector and is integrally formed in the rear of the second connector. The second connector coupling is coupled to the second connector and is integrally formed in the rear of the third connector.

[0018] DE 20 2015 002 731 U1 describes a socket in a container with a holder for a Mennecken standard plug for electric cars with one or more Schuko or industrial sockets for charging electric bicycles or other electric vehicles with 240 V chargers. This container is intended to be operated as a portable component or with a device for permanent attachment to a charging station.

[0019] The invention is based on the object of expanding the field of application of a charging station which is designed and / or suitable for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with direct current in a simple manner and of being able to adjust the parameters typical for the accumulator as required.

[0020] The object underlying the invention is achieved by an adapter and a charging system having the features of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0021] According to a first aspect, the invention proposes an adapter for electrically charging a battery of a device having a device socket at a charging station, which is designed and / or suitable and / or intended for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with direct current and is coupled on the output side to a station plug. This adapter according to the invention comprises • an input socket that fits the station plug; • an output plug that fits the device socket; • a control device coupled to the socket and the plug;wherein • the control device is designed in such a way that it - can determine at least one current state variable of the accumulator; - at least one parameter which is typical for the accumulator and which can or sends at least one current state variable to the charging station; • the accumulator is not the traction battery of an electric car; • the adapter has an adjustment device that can generate or generates the parameters typical for the accumulator; • the control device is coupled to the setting device

[0022] According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a charging system comprising • a station plug; • a charging station which is designed and / or suitable and / or intended for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with direct current and is coupled on the output side to the station plug;wherein • the charging system has one of the suggested adapters; • the station plug is inserted into the socket.

[0023] The invention makes it possible to charge any battery-powered device, such as an e-bike, e.g., a pedelec, or a mobile phone, at a known charging station designed and intended for electrically charging the traction battery of an electric car with direct current. The separate charger previously required for charging via a household socket, which is adapted to the respective device, is thus no longer required: it is no longer necessary to keep different chargers for the various devices in a household at hand.

[0024] In addition, the invention enables charging with greater power and thus faster charging compared to the known charging with a charger connected to a household socket.

[0025] In addition, the invention enables space, weight and cost savings compared to the known chargers, since the power electronics, such as a rectifier and possibly a transformer, no longer have to be present in each individual charger, but only once in the charging station and not in the adapter.

[0026] The adapter may be configured in any desired manner as required, for example such that it is portable and / or has no additional or at least one additional input-side socket and / or has no additional or at least one additional output-side plug.

[0027] Examples of possible parameters include the battery's nominal capacity, the battery's maximum charging voltage, and / or the battery's maximum charging current. Examples of possible state variables include the battery's current charge level, its current voltage, and / or its current temperature.

[0028] The charging station can be designed in any way, as needed, for example, according to CHAdeMO and / or CCS. It can be designed as a charging column and installed at a gas station or in a parking lot, or it can be designed as a wall-mounted charging station and installed in a residential building.

[0029] The control device can be configured in any way as required and, for example, can include a PLC modem and a microcontroller for communication with the charging station. These can communicate with the charging station using common protocols such as those specified in DIN SPEC 70121 and / or DIN EN ISO 15118-3. The structure of the corresponding communication channel complies, for example, with DIN EN 61851-23, DIN EN ISO 15118-3, and DIN SPEC 70121.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention it is specified that • the setting device has at least one switch with which at least one of the parameters can be selected; and / or • the setting device has a parameter measuring device which is designed such that it can determine or determines at least one of the parameters.

[0031] Each switch can be configured in any way as required and, for example, can comprise at least one DIP switch and / or at least one step switch. Using these switches, the user can, for example, set the maximum charging voltage and the maximum charging current.

[0032] In one embodiment of the invention it is specified that • the socket has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the plug has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • the parameter measuring device is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine at least one of the parameters.

[0033] The measuring device can be designed in any way as required, for example in such a way that it can or does determine the nominal capacity, for example by coulomb counting and / or impedance tracking, can measure or measures the output voltage of the rechargeable battery and sends this nominal capacity and this output voltage to the control device. The control device is then preferably designed in such a way that it can or does compare this nominal capacity and this output voltage with a database in which different rechargeable battery classes are entered. If this comparison results in a matching database entry, the control device reads the maximum charging current and the maximum charging voltage from this database entry. If this comparison results in a matching database entry, the control device does not start the charging process.

[0034] In one embodiment of the invention it is specified that • the socket has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the plug has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • the control device is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine at least one of the state variables.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention it is specified that • the adapter has a different socket on the input side that fits a station plug that is of a different type than the station plug; • the control device is connected to this other connector.

[0036] The adapter can be designed in any way as required and, for example, can have no additional socket or at least one additional socket on the input side.

[0037] In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that at least one of the sockets is designed according to the CHAdeMO system or according to the CCS.

[0038] In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that the adapter has different input-side sockets that fit different types of station plugs, the control device being coupled to these other sockets.

[0039] The adapter can be designed in any way as required and, for example, can have no additional socket or at least one additional socket on the input side.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that at least one of the plugs is designed as a USB plug or as a device plug or as a Euro plug or as a Schuko plug or as a hollow plug or as an on-board voltage plug.

[0041] In one embodiment of the invention, it is specified that the accumulator is an accumulator of a mobile phone or a laptop or a traction battery of a pedelec or a traction battery of an electric scooter or a traction battery of an electric motorcycle or a starter battery of a motor vehicle or an on-board network battery of an electric car.

[0042] There are now numerous possibilities for advantageously designing and developing the adapter and charging system according to the invention. Reference is made to the independent patent claims and the subordinate patent claims. A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing and the accompanying description. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 in the upper half a known charging system with a charging station which is designed and intended for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car with direct current, and in the lower half a preferred embodiment of the charging system according to the invention with the adapter according to the invention; Fig. 2 a block diagram of the adapter of the Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of the adapter according to the invention, which is suitable for the charging system according to the invention of Fig. 1 is suitable.

[0043] In Fig. The lower half of Figure 1 schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of a charging system 10. The charging system 10 comprises a charging station 11, a station plug 13, a station cable 14, and an adapter 16.

[0044] The charging station 11 is for the electrical charging of a traction battery (not shown) of an electric car 12 (upper half of Fig. 1) is designed and intended for direct current. The station cable 14 is connected to the charging station 11 on the input side and to the station plug 13 on the output side.

[0045] The charging system 10 is designed and intended for the electrical charging of a battery 151 of a device 15 at the charging station 11. The device 15 has a device socket 17, which does not fit the station plug 13, and a device cable 18. The device cable 18 is connected on the input side to the device socket 17 and on the output side to the battery 151.

[0046] The device 15 is, for example, a pedelec 15, and the accumulator 151 is, for example, the traction battery 151 of the pedelec 15. Thus, the accumulator 151 is not the traction battery of an electric car 12.

[0047] In Fig. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the first embodiment of the adapter 16. The adapter 16 has an input socket 19, an output plug 20, a power path 21, a control device 22, a PLC modem 23, a programming and maintenance interface 24, a manual adjustment device 25, a power supply module 26, a status measurement device 27, a PWM measurement module 28, an analog coupling module 29, and a charging power adjustment module 30.

[0048] The station plug 13 and the socket 19 are designed according to the CCS and accordingly each have a positive contact, a negative contact, a protective contact, a limit contact, and a control contact. The plug 20 and the device socket 17 are designed as corresponding IEC plugs and sockets and each have a positive contact, a negative contact, and a protective contact. The station plug 13 is plugged into the socket 19, and the plug 20 is plugged into the device socket 17.

[0049] Power path 21 comprises a positive power conductor, a negative power conductor, and a protective conductor. The positive power conductor directly connects the positive contact of socket 19 to the positive contact of plug 20. The negative power conductor directly connects the negative contact of socket 19 to the negative contact of plug 20. The protective conductor directly connects the protective contact of socket 19 to the protective contact of plug 20. Thus, the positive contacts, the negative contacts, and the protective contacts are each connected to one another. This allows the charging power to be conducted through adapter 16 with as little loss as possible.

[0050] The PLC modem 23, the programming and maintenance interface 24, the PWM measurement module 28, and the charging power adjustment module 30 are each bidirectionally coupled to the control device 22. The adjustment device 25 is coupled on the output side to the control device 22. The power supply module 26 and the status measurement device 27 are each coupled on the input side to the positive high-current conductor and the negative high-current conductor of the power path 21 or to one of the positive contacts and one of the negative contacts, and on the output side to the control device 22. The PWM measurement module 28 is coupled on the output side to the control contact of socket 19. The analog coupling module 29 is bidirectionally coupled to both the PLC modem 23 and the protective contact and the control contact of socket 19. The charging power adjustment module 30 is coupled on the output side to the limiting contact of the socket 19.Thus, the control device 22 is coupled to the socket 19 via the PLC modem 23 and the analog coupling module 29, via the PWM measuring module 28 and via the charging power setting module 30, and to the plug 20 via the status measuring device 27.

[0051] The control device 22 communicates with the charging station 11 on the one hand according to PLC via the PLC modem 23 and the analog coupling module 29 and on the other hand according to PWM via the PWM measuring module 28.

[0052] The control device 22 communicates with the programming and maintenance interface 24 in order to maintain and update the adapter 16, for example in the case of a software bug fix or to install a new communication protocol so that the adapter 16 remains or becomes compatible with current, changed and new standards.

[0053] In this embodiment, the setting device 25 has a DIP switch 25 with which a user can select the nominal capacity, the maximum charging voltage, and the maximum charging current of the respective rechargeable battery 151 currently being charged as the typical parameters. Thus, the setting device 25 is configured to generate parameters typical for the rechargeable battery 151 and send them to the control device 22, and the control device 22 is configured to send the parameters to the charging station 11.

[0054] The control device 22 obtains its required energy from the charging current conducted through the power path 21 using the energy supply module 26.

[0055] The state measuring device 27 is configured such that it can measure or measures the current charging current and the current charging voltage of the charging power supplied through the power path 21 as the current state variables of the rechargeable battery 151. The control device 22 monitors and controls the charging process using the state variables measured by the state measuring device 27. Thus, the control device 22 is configured such that it can determine the current state variables of the rechargeable battery 151 and transmit them to the charging station 11.

[0056] The control device 22 limits the charging current in a known manner by means of resistance coding using the charging power setting module 30 so that the station cable 14 used is not overloaded.

[0057] The adapter 16 is designed in such a way that it simulates an electric car 12 or a battery management system of an electric car 12 via the communication of the charging station 11.

[0058] Thus, the charging system 10 is designed and intended both for the electrical charging of a rechargeable battery 151 of a device 15, which has a device socket 17, at a charging station 11, which is designed and intended for the electrical charging of a traction battery of an electric car 12 with direct current and has a station plug 13, and for the electrical charging of a traction battery of an electric car 12 with direct current.

[0059] In Fig. Figure 3 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of the adapter 16. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so the differences will be explained in more detail below.

[0060] In this embodiment, the manual adjustment device 25 of the first embodiment is replaced by an automatic adjustment device 31. The adjustment device 31 has a parameter measuring device 31 configured to determine the parameters. For this purpose, the parameter measuring device 31 is coupled on the input side to the positive high-current conductor and the negative high-current conductor of the power path 21, or to one of the positive contacts or one of the negative contacts, and on the output side to the control device 22 in order to determine the parameters and send them to the control device 22. Thus, the adjustment device 31 is configured to generate the parameters.

[0061] Each of the previously described embodiments can be combined with at least one of the other embodiments if required. List of reference symbols 10' / 10 known / inventive charging system 11 Charging station 12 electric car with traction battery 13 station plugs of 10' / 10 14 station cables of 10' / 10 15 Device (Pedelec) 151 accumulator (traction battery) of 15 16 adapters out of 10 17 Device socket 18 device cables 19 socket of 16 20 plugs out of 16 21 Performance path 22 Control device 23 PLC modem 24 Programming and maintenance interface 25 manual setting device, DIP switch 26 Power supply module 27 Condition measuring device 28 PWM measuring module 29 Analog coupling module 30 Charging power adjustment module 31 automatic setting device, parameter measuring device

Claims

[1] Adapter (16) for the electrical charging of a battery (151) of a device (15) having a device socket (17) at a charging station (11) which is designed for the electrical charging of a traction battery of an electric car (12) with direct current and is coupled on the output side to a station plug (13), comprising • an input socket (19) that fits the station plug (13); • an output plug (20) that fits the device socket (17); • a control device (22) coupled to the socket (19) and the plug (20); wherein • the control device (22) is designed such that it - can determine a current state variable of the accumulator (151); - a parameter which is typical for the accumulator (151) and can send the current state variable to the charging station (11); characterized by , that • the accumulator (151) is not the traction battery of an electric car (12); • the adapter (16) has an adjusting device (25, 31) which can generate the parameter typical for the accumulator (151); • the control device (22) is coupled to the setting device (25, 31). [2] Adapter (16) according to the previous claim, characterized by , that • the setting device (25) has a switch (25) with which the parameter can be selected; and / or • the setting device (31) has a parameter measuring device (31) which is designed such that it can determine the parameter. [3] Adapter (16) according to the previous claim, characterized by , that • the socket (19) has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the plug (20) has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • the parameter measuring device (31) is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine the parameter. [4] Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that • the socket (19) has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the plug (20) has a positive contact and a negative contact; • the positive contacts are connected to each other; • the negative contacts are connected to each other; • the control device (22) is coupled to one of the positive contacts and / or one of the negative contacts in order to determine the state variable. [5] Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that • the adapter (16) has different sockets on the input side that fit different types of station plugs, • wherein the control device (22) is coupled to these other sockets. [6] Adapter (16) according to the previous claim, characterized by , that • at least one of the sockets (19) is designed according to the CHAdeMO system or according to the CCS. [7] Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that • the adapter (16) has a different plug on the output side that fits a device socket that is of a different type than the device socket; • the control device (22) is coupled to this other connector. [8] Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that • at least one of the plugs (20) is designed as a USB plug or as a device plug or as a Euro plug or as a Schuko plug or as a hollow plug or as an on-board voltage plug. [9] Adapter (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that • the accumulator (151) is an accumulator of a mobile phone or a laptop or a traction battery (151) of a pedelec (15) or a traction battery of an electric scooter or a traction battery of an electric motorcycle or a starter battery of a motor vehicle or an on-board network battery of an electric car. [10] Charging system (10) comprising • a station plug (13); • a charging station (11) which is designed for electrically charging a traction battery of an electric car (12) with direct current and is coupled on the output side to the station plug (13); characterized by , that • the charging system (10) has an adapter (16) designed according to one of the preceding claims; • the station plug (13) is plugged into the socket (19).

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