Radiant heating for the interior of a vehicle

Abstract

Radiant heating (10) for the interior (102) of a vehicle (100), with - at least one heat radiator (12) having a radiation surface (14), wherein the radiation surface (14) is configured to emit heat radiation (R) generated by the heat radiator (12); wherein the radiation surface (14) of the heat radiator (12) is designed such that the heat radiation (R) generated by the heat radiator (12) is emitted in a directed manner, characterized in that the radiation surface (14) has a microstructure (16) with a plurality of surface segments (18a-18f), and the surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiation surface (14) have different emissivities.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a radiant heater for the interior of a vehicle, comprising at least one heat radiator which has a radiating surface, wherein the radiating surface is designed to emit heat radiation generated by the heat radiator, wherein the radiating surface of the heat radiator is designed such that the emission of the heat radiation generated by the heat radiator is directed.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a trim part for the interior of a vehicle, wherein the trim part comprises a radiant heater.

[0003] Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with a radiant heater directed towards the interior of the vehicle.

[0004] When using vehicles after long periods of inactivity, the problem often arises that the interior temperature has adjusted to the ambient temperature. Especially at low ambient temperatures, this leads to a significant reduction in comfort for vehicle occupants during vehicle startup. For this reason, modern vehicles are equipped with various heating and cooling systems designed to achieve the fastest possible interior temperature after the vehicle is started up.

[0005] In this context, for example, air conditioning systems for vehicles are known in which the tempered air is pre-tempered before being introduced into the vehicle interior. However, such systems require a comparatively long time until a tempered air flow at a suitable temperature is available. Consequently, a pleasant temperature sensation for the vehicle occupants only develops after a considerable delay. Furthermore, the generated tempered air flows are often perceived by the vehicle occupants as detrimental to comfort.

[0006] For example, heat radiators for heating the interior of a motor vehicle are known from the documents DE 10 2015 110 665 A1, KR 10 2018 0 136 138 A, DE 10 2015 110 666 A1, JP 2005 - 189 409 A and DE 10 2011 121 574 A1.

[0007] To avoid the aforementioned disadvantages of corresponding airflow-based air conditioning systems, radiant heating systems with heat radiators have been used in vehicle interiors. However, the problem so far has been that the radiation direction cannot be sufficiently influenced.

[0008] The heat radiation from conventional radiant heaters is regularly emitted toward surfaces and fittings in the vehicle interior whose heating is unnecessary or of secondary importance. With conventional radiant heaters, it is often unavoidable that heat radiation is emitted toward areas of the body where the heat radiation is perceived as unpleasant. In this context, the problem often arises that the facial areas of vehicle occupants are exposed to radiation, resulting in a significant reduction in comfort.

[0009] The object underlying the invention is therefore to improve the irradiation of vehicle occupants by means of in-vehicle radiant heating systems.

[0010] The object is achieved by a radiant heater of the type mentioned above, wherein the radiating surface has a microstructure with a plurality of surface segments, wherein preferably several surface segments have different orientations, and the surface segments of the radiating surface have different emissivities.

[0011] The invention takes advantage of the knowledge that one or more radiation directions for the heat radiation can be specified through the directed emission of the generated heat radiation. This allows the vehicle occupants to be specifically irradiated, while radiation towards individual body parts can also be avoided to prevent a reduction in comfort. This makes it possible to implement focused and occupant-specific heat radiation in the interior of a vehicle. Due to the directed emission of the heat radiation, the radiation of surfaces or objects in the vehicle interior that do not require temperature control can be avoided, thus achieving high energy efficiency. The directed emission of the heat radiation also essentially immediately creates a pleasant temperature sensation for the vehicle occupants.

[0012] The heat radiation generated by the heat emitter is preferably infrared radiation. Therefore, the heat emitter is preferably an infrared radiator. The radiating surface of the heat emitter can be wiped clean. Alternatively, dust can also be removed using static electricity.

[0013] According to the invention, the radiating surface has a microstructure with a plurality of surface segments, wherein preferably several surface segments have different orientations. The surface segments can have different angles of incidence. The microstructuring of the radiating surface can thus generate an angle-dependent radiation output. In this way, for example, some body regions of the vehicle occupants can be irradiated more intensively than others. Furthermore, different surface segments of the radiating surface can be aligned to the same body regions of a vehicle occupant in order to locally increase the radiation intensity.

[0014] The radiant heater according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that several surface segments of the radiating surface, each having different orientations, are aligned toward a focal region. A vehicle occupant, for example the driver or a passenger of the vehicle, is preferably located within the focal region. Furthermore, a specific temperature-sensitive body section of the driver or a passenger of the vehicle can be located within the focal region. The focused radiation can also prevent specific sections of the driver or passenger, such as the eyes, from being illuminated. The surface segments of the radiating surface can be arranged parabolically, with the focusing being achieved via the different orientations of the surface segments. A group of surface segments of the radiating surface can be arranged in the manner of a Fresnel lens.

[0015] In a further preferred embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention, several surface segments of the radiating surface, each with a different orientation, are aligned such that the heat radiation is emitted in a conical shape. The conical emission of the heat radiation can create a radiation cone that is directed, for example, toward the driver or a passenger of the vehicle. The radiation cone is preferably directed toward a focal area.

[0016] In another embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention, the heat radiator is designed to be integrated into an A-pillar or into a vehicle roof. The heat radiator can, for example, be designed to be integrated into the A, B, C, or D pillar of the vehicle. In particular, the radiant heater can also have multiple heat radiators, wherein the multiple heat radiators can be arranged in different positions. This allows multi-sided irradiation of the vehicle occupants. For example, the vehicle occupants can be irradiated from the front, sides, rear, and / or above by one or more heat radiators of the radiant heater.

[0017] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the radiating surface of the heat radiator is at least partially coated. For example, the entire radiating surface can be coated. Alternatively, only sections of the radiating surface can have a coating.

[0018] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention, individual surface segments of the radiating surface have different coatings. One or more surface segments can be coated with a radiation-emitting, in particular an infrared radiation-emitting, material. Particularly desirable is a radiation behavior with low diffusivity (cf. Lambert radiators). One or more surface segments can be coated with a radiation-reflecting, in particular an infrared radiation-reflecting, material. One or more surface segments can be coated with a radiation-absorbing, in particular an infrared radiation-absorbing, material. One or more surface segments can have a metal coating and / or be metallized. One or more surface segments can have a colored coating and / or be colored.One or more surface segments can be coated with a varnish, for example a color-changing varnish. The coatings can have thermochromic properties, particularly in the infrared range. The coatings can be temperature-active, so that the properties of the coatings depend on their temperature. Alternatively or additionally, the coatings can also be electroactive, so that the coatings change their optical or infrared properties when an electrical voltage or current is applied. Temperature- and / or electroactive coatings can, for example, be used to achieve high reflection in summer, which reduces the heating of surfaces due to solar radiation. In winter, high absorption can be set to heat up corresponding surfaces quickly.The adaptability of the emission and absorption properties allows for significant energy savings in the air conditioning of the vehicle interior. The radiating surface can also have surface segments with multiple temperature switching points, so that, for example, strong absorption is achieved at temperatures below 20 degrees Celsius, strong reflection in the range between 20 and 60 degrees Celsius, and strong emission of radiation from 60 degrees Celsius upwards. This allows for accelerated heating of the vehicle interior at low ambient temperatures. Excessive heating of the vehicle interior is avoided at high ambient temperatures.

[0019] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the radiating surface is, at least in sections, an embossed surface. Alternatively or additionally, the radiating body comprising the radiating surface is an embossed body. Preferably, the surface segments of the radiating surface are surface segments produced by embossing. The radiating body can have a heat and / or radiation insulation layer on its back. The radiating surface can have an absorption- or reflection-promoting coating or be formed from an absorption- or reflection-promoting material.

[0020] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the radiating surface is formed at least in sections from plastic and / or the radiating body comprising the radiating surface is a plastic body. The plastic is preferably at least partially a thermoplastic. The plastic can be formed from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or silicone. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or the silicone can be microstructured by embossing. The plastic is preferably thermostable up to temperatures of at least 43 degrees Celsius, preferably up to temperatures of at least 75 degrees Celsius, in particular up to temperatures of at least 130 degrees Celsius, particularly preferably up to temperatures of at least 160 degrees Celsius.

[0021] The radiant heater according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that adjacent surface segments of the radiating surface have a depth offset in the range of 100 nm to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 µm to 50 µm. This allows, on the one hand, a directed emission of the heat radiation generated by the heat radiator to be implemented and, on the other hand, a surface structure to be realized that is indistinguishable, or only with difficulty, from unstructured surfaces with the naked eye or by touch.

[0022] According to the invention, the surface segments of the radiating surface have different emissivities. Thus, the surface structure of the radiating surface can be used for interference effects. It can also be advantageous if the radiating surface is designed in multiple layers. For example, if a semi-transparent layer lies over a reflective layer, incoming and reflected waves can interfere. The layers can have a micro- or nanostructure. Interference of incoming and reflected waves can also be achieved with a fine structuring of the radiating surface, which is on the order of the wavelengths. This enables, for example, filter functions that define the layer spacing or the structure sizes, so that a desired wave interaction is implemented on the radiating surface.A corresponding fine structuring is also suitable for implementing angle-dependent radiation of specific wavelengths.

[0023] In another preferred embodiment, the radiant heater according to the invention comprises one or more resistance heating devices, in particular heating wires, and / or one or more heatable foils. The one or more resistance heating devices or heating wires can be embedded in a foam material. The radiant heater can also comprise one or more sensor devices for detecting object approaches or contact. Thus, the operation of the radiant heater can be temporarily adjusted if the radiating surface is touched by a vehicle occupant or there is a risk of contact.

[0024] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the emission direction(s) of the heat radiation generated by the heat radiator can be changed. To change the emission direction(s) of the heat radiation, the angle of incidence of the surface segments can be changed. Furthermore, the emission intensity of the heat radiation generated by the heat radiator can be changed. To change the emission direction(s) and / or the emission intensity, the radiation surface can be coated, at least in sections, with an electroactive coating. Mechanical changes in direction, for example, by materials or structures with heat-dependent expansion properties arranged beneath the radiation surface, can also be implemented by the radiant heater.The radiating surface can also be configured to create an optical glitter effect based on different orientations of the surface segments of the radiating surface. The structural elements comprising the surface segments can also be mounted in a bistable or multiaxial manner, allowing a direction to be imposed on them by manually wiping them.

[0025] In an alternative embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention, the radiating surface is at least partially curved and / or at least partially flat, regardless of the orientation of the surface segments. The radiating surface thus has a macroscopic basic shape that is not influenced by the microstructuring. The radiating surface can be concave or convex, at least partially curved.

[0026] In a further development of the radiant heater according to the invention, the radiating body comprising the radiating surface is formed with multiple layers, at least in sections, wherein body segments of the radiating body carrying different surface segments preferably have different layers. The individual layers can be glued together. Individual body segments can have a transmission layer that is permeable to thermal radiation, in particular to infrared radiation. Alternatively or additionally, individual body segments can have a reflection layer that is impermeable to thermal radiation, in particular to infrared radiation. The reflection layer can be a mirror layer for thermal radiation, in particular to infrared radiation.

[0027] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the radiating surface has, at least in sections, filter properties which prevent the emission of thermal radiation in one or more directions and / or prevent the emission of thermal radiation in a predetermined frequency range or wavelength range. This can cause interference effects in or on the microstructure. The radiating surface can therefore be formed, at least in sections, from materials whose transmission, emission, absorption and / or reflection properties are frequency-dependent. The main radiation direction preferably results from the surface normals of the respective surface segments. However, the radiation direction can be influenced by interference effects or the light propagation time in the material of the radiating surface. The radiating surface can have holographic properties.For example, a different view or image of the microstructure may be displayed depending on the viewing angle. Furthermore, the colors reflected on the emitting surface may depend on the viewing angle. Preferably, the emitting surface has infrared holographic properties. The emission of thermal radiation in one or more directions and / or within a given frequency or wavelength range may also be favored by the properties of the emitting surface.

[0028] In another preferred embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention, the radiating surface comprises a plurality of microrods. Alternatively or additionally, the radiating surface comprises dendrite structures at least in sections. Dendrite structures are tree- or shrub-like crystal structures on a surface. Furthermore, the radiating surface can have a plurality of holes with a specific diameter-to-depth ratio for generating cavity radiation. In cavity radiation, the incident radiation is absorbed, and only characteristic radiation is re-emitted, regardless of the type of incident radiation.

[0029] In a further development, the radiant heater according to the invention comprises an electrically operable radiation generator configured to generate heat radiation and emit it toward the radiating surface of the heat radiator. The heat radiation can thus be appropriately reflected by the radiating surface.

[0030] Furthermore, a radiant heater according to the invention is advantageous in which the radiating surface has retroreflector regions designed to reflect incident thermal radiation largely or essentially completely in the direction from which it came. This occurs largely independently of the direction of incidence and the orientation of the reflector. The retroreflector regions create the effect of a warm environment, even though the surrounding surfaces are actually cold. The retroreflector regions thus ensure the implementation of passive heating. The retroreflectors send the infrared radiation back to the source, for example, the passenger. The energy loss due to the infrared radiation from the passenger is reduced. The passenger consequently heats themselves up. This heating effect can also be exploited when using a rescue blanket.

[0031] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a trim part of the type mentioned above, wherein the radiant heating of the trim part according to the invention is designed according to one of the embodiments described above. With regard to the advantages and modifications of the trim part according to the invention, reference is therefore made to the advantages and modifications of the radiant heating according to the invention.

[0032] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a vehicle of the type mentioned above, wherein the radiant heating system of the vehicle according to the invention is designed according to one of the embodiments described above. With regard to the advantages and modifications of the vehicle according to the invention, reference is therefore made to the advantages and modifications of the radiant heating system according to the invention.

[0033] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 5 a beam path through the Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the radiant heating system; Fig. 6 a radiation surface of a radiant heater according to the invention in a perspective view; Fig. 7 shows a radiation surface of a radiant heater according to the invention in a perspective view; Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of the radiant heater according to the invention in a side sectional view; Fig. 14 shows a embossed body of a radiant heater according to the invention in a perspective view; Fig. 15 embossed bodies of a radiant heater according to the invention in a perspective view; and Fig. 16 a body segment of a radiant heater according to the invention in a perspective view.

[0034] The Fig. 1 shows a vehicle 100 with a radiant heater 10 directed toward the interior 102 of the vehicle 100. The vehicle 100 is a motor vehicle, namely an automobile. The radiant heater 10 is integrated into a trim part of the vehicle 100, wherein the trim part is the ceiling panel of the vehicle 100. The radiant heater 10 is thus integrated into the vehicle roof 104.

[0035] The radiant heater 10 comprises a heat radiator 12 having a radiating surface 14. The radiating surface 14 is configured to emit heat radiation R generated by the heat radiator 12 toward the vehicle occupants. The vehicle occupants are a driver F and a passenger P sitting on a rear seat of the vehicle 100.

[0036] The radiation surface 14 of the heat radiator 12 is designed such that the heat radiation R is emitted in a directed manner. The heat radiation R is infrared radiation. The radiation surface 14 is designed such that the heat radiation R is emitted in a conical manner. In the illustrated embodiment, a total of four radiation cones are generated, two radiation cones being directed at the driver F and two radiation cones at the passenger P. The heat radiation R is emitted by the radiation cones in the direction of different focus areas. Temperature-sensitive body sections of the driver F and the passenger P are located within the focus areas. The focused radiation also prevents specific sections of the driver F and the passenger P, such as the eyes, from being illuminated.

[0037] The Fig. 2 shows a vehicle 100, which also includes a radiant heater 10 directed toward the interior 102 of the vehicle 100. The radiant heater 10 is integrated into an A-pillar 106 of the vehicle 100. The radiating surface 14 is again configured such that the heat radiation R spreads in a conical shape, with the radiation cones directed toward temperature-sensitive body sections of the driver F.

[0038] The Fig. 3 shows a radiant heater 10 with a heat radiator 12. The heat radiator 12 has a radiating surface 14 for radiating heat radiation R. A microstructuring 16 of the radiating surface 14 directs the emission of heat radiation R. The microstructuring 16 is formed by a plurality of surface segments 18a-18f, with individual surface segments 18a-18f having different orientations.

[0039] The orientation of a surface segment 18a-18f depends on the angle of incidence of the surface segment 18a-18f. The surface segment 18a has an angle of incidence α. The surface segment 18b has an angle of incidence β. The surface segment 18c has an angle of incidence γ. The angles of incidence α, β, and γ differ from one another. Thus, an angle-dependent radiation output can be generated via the microstructuring 16 of the radiation surface 14.

[0040] The radiating body comprising the radiating surface 14 is an embossed body 26. The surface segments 18a-18f of the radiating surface 14 are surface segments produced by embossing. Adjacent surface segments 18a-18f of the radiating surface 14 have a depth offset 22 in the range of 0.1 µm to 50 µm. The surface segments 18a-18f have a segment width 24 in the range of 0.1-100 µm. The radiating surface 14 has a coating 20. The coating 20 can be formed, for example, from an infrared radiation-emitting material, an infrared radiation-reflecting material, and / or an infrared radiation-absorbing material. The coating 20 can also be a metal coating. Furthermore, the coating 20 can also be a colored coating. Furthermore, the coating 20 can be a lacquer.For example, the coating 20 can also be an electroactive coating that changes its emission, reflection, and / or absorption properties depending on an applied voltage and / or current. Furthermore, the coating 20 can be a thermosensitive and / or thermochromic coating, wherein the emission, reflection, and / or absorption properties of the coating 20 can depend on the coating temperature.

[0041] The embossed body 26 is glued to a heatable foil 28. Heat radiation can be generated via the heatable foil 28.

[0042] The Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 shows a radiant heater 10 whose heat radiator 12 comprises three layers 30a, 30b, and 30c. Layer 30a is a semitransparent layer. Layer 30c is a reflective layer. Layers 30a, 30c may have a microstructure. Layer 30b is a radiation-permeable spacer layer.

[0043] As the Fig. As indicated in Figure 5, incoming and reflected waves can interfere, allowing interference effects to be exploited. The emission direction of the thermal radiation R can be influenced, for example, by interference effects or the light propagation time within the heat radiator 12.

[0044] The Fig. 6 shows a radiating surface 14 having a plurality of retroreflector regions 32. The retroreflector regions 32 reflect incident thermal radiation R largely or essentially completely in the direction from which it came. This occurs largely independently of the direction of incidence and the orientation of the radiating surface 14. Passive heating in the interior 102 of a vehicle 100 can be implemented via the retroreflector regions 32.

[0045] The Fig. 7 shows a reflection body 34 in which the thermal radiation is deflected several times in the region of a body corner or body edge in such a way that the radiation exit direction runs parallel to the radiation entry direction.

[0046] The Fig. 8 to 13 show radiant heaters 10 whose heat radiators 12 have different microstructures 16.

[0047] The one in the Fig. The heat radiator 12 shown in Figure 8 has three layers 30a, 30b, and 30c. Layer 30a is an infrared-reflecting coating 20. Layer 30b is transparent to infrared radiation, while layer 30c has infrared-reflecting surface properties. Because the coating 20 is only applied locally to layer 30b, different radiation patterns result along the radiating surface 14.

[0048] The Fig. Figure 9 shows a radiant heater 10 whose heat radiator 12 has a serrated microstructure 16. The individual prongs of the microstructure 16 carry surface segments 18a-18f of the radiating surface 14 of the heat radiator 12. The surface segments 18a-18f have partially different orientations.

[0049] The spikes of the Fig. The microstructure 16 shown in Figure 10 has a coating 20a, with a coating 20b present between the points. The coatings 20a, 20b differ from one another. In principle, one or more surface segments of the radiating surface can be coated with an infrared radiation-emitting, infrared radiation-reflecting, and / or infrared radiation-absorbing material.

[0050] The heat radiator 12 in the Fig. The radiant heater 10 shown in Figure 11 has an embedded microstructure 16. A directional or frequency filter for the thermal radiation R can be implemented via the embedded microstructure 16.

[0051] The Fig. The radiating surface 14 shown in Fig. 12 has a plurality of microrods 36a-36c, via which the reflection properties of the heat radiator 12 of the radiant heater 10 are influenced.

[0052] Alternatively or in addition to the microrods 36a-36c, the radiating surface 14 may also have dendrite structures, for example, wherein the dendrite structures may be tree- or shrub-like crystal structures on the radiating surface 14.

[0053] The Fig. The radiating surface 14 shown in Figure 13 has a plurality of holes 38a-38c with a specific diameter-to-depth ratio. The holes 38a-38c serve to generate cavity radiation, in which incident radiation is absorbed and re-radiated only in a characteristic direction.

[0054] The Fig. Figure 14 shows an embossed body 26 with a plurality of surface segments 18a-18c. The embossed body 26 has a wedge shape, with the surface segments 18b, 18c converging toward one another. The geometry of the embossed body 26 allows for the generation of directed heat radiation R.

[0055] The Fig. Figure 15 shows two embossed bodies 26a, 26b, which lie against each other in a shingle-like manner. By combining several embossed bodies 26a, 26b, a multifaceted, microstructured radiating surface 14 can be created. In such a radiating surface 14, the reflection, emission, and transmission properties depend on the direction of incidence of the thermal radiation R.

[0056] The Fig. 16 shows a body segment 40 supporting a portion of a radiating surface 14 of a heat radiator 12. The body segment 40 comprises an embossed body 26 connected to a plastic body 42. The plastic body 42 is bonded to a foam body 46 using an adhesive 44a, wherein the foam body 46 has a recess through which a heating wire 48 extends. The foam body 46 is bonded to a radiation insulation layer 50 using an adhesive 44b. Reference symbol 10 Radiant heating 12 radiant heaters 14 Radiating surface 16 Microstructuring 18a-18f Surface segments 20, 20a, 20b coating 22 Depth offset 24 segment width 26, 26a, 26b embossed body 28 Slide 30a, 30b, 30c layers 32 retroreflector areas 34 reflection bodies 36a-36c Microrods 38a-38c holes 40 body segments 42 plastic bodies 44a, 44b Adhesive 46 foam bodies 48 heating wire 50 Radiation insulation layer 100 vehicles 102 Interior 104 Vehicle roof 106 A-pillar R thermal radiation F Driver P Passenger α, β, γ angle of attack

Claims

[1] Radiant heating (10) for the interior (102) of a vehicle (100), with - at least one heat radiator (12) having a radiation surface (14), wherein the radiation surface (14) is designed to emit heat radiation (R) generated by the heat radiator (12); wherein the radiation surface (14) of the heat radiator (12) is designed such that the emission of the heat radiation (R) generated by the heat radiator (12) is directed, characterized by that the radiating surface (14) has a microstructure (16) with a plurality of surface segments (18a-18f) and the surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiating surface (14) have different emissivities. [2] Radiant heater (10) according to claim 1, characterized by that several surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiating surface (14) having different orientations are aligned to a focus area. [3] Radiant heater (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that several surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiating surface (14) having different orientations are aligned such that the heat radiation (R) is emitted in a conical manner. [4] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the heat radiator (12) is designed to be integrated into an A-pillar (106) or into a vehicle roof (104). [5] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiating surface (14) is at least partially coated. [6] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that individual surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiating surface (14) have different coatings (20, 20a, 20b). [7] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the radiating surface (14) is at least partially an embossed surface and / or the radiating body comprising the radiating surface (14) is an embossed body (26, 26a, 26b). [8] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiating surface (14) is formed at least in sections from plastic and / or the radiating body comprising the radiating surface (14) is a plastic body. [9] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that adjacent surface segments (18a-18f) of the radiating surface (14) have a depth offset (22) in the range from 100nm to 1 mm. [10] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one or more resistance heating devices and / or one or more heatable foils (28). [11] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the emission direction or directions of the heat radiation (R) generated by the heat radiator (12) can be changed. [12] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiating surface (14) is at least partially curved and / or at least partially flat, regardless of the orientation of the surface segments (18a-18f). [13] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiating body comprising the radiating surface (14) is formed in multiple layers at least in sections. [14] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the radiating surface (14) has, at least in sections, filter properties which prevent the emission of thermal radiation (R) in one or more directions and / or prevent the emission of thermal radiation (R) in a predetermined frequency range or wavelength range. [15] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the radiating surface (14) has a plurality of microrods (36a-36c) and / or comprises dendrite structures at least in sections. [16] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an electrically operable radiation generator which is designed to generate heat radiation (R) and to emit it in the direction of the radiation surface (14) of the heat radiator (12). [17] Radiant heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the radiating surface (14) has retroreflector regions (32) which are designed to reflect incident thermal radiation (R) largely or completely in the direction from which it came. [18] Trim part for the interior (102) of a vehicle (100), with - a radiant heater (10), characterized by that the radiant heater (10) is designed according to one of the preceding claims. [19] Vehicle (100), with - a radiant heater (10) directed towards the interior (102) of the vehicle (100), characterized by that the radiant heater (10) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 17.

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