Fuel cell system, method for operating a fuel cell system, vehicle, air conditioning system

Abstract

A fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') for providing a power output (PO), comprising: - a fuel cell (100) for generating an amount of energy (E, EE, ET) for the power output (PO) and - an energy storage device (300) for storing an amount of energy (E, EE, EM), - a control device (400, 400', 400'') for controlling the fuel cell (100), which is designed to specify a power specification (LV) for the fuel cell (100) for controlling the power output (PO), wherein - an efficiency (WG) is assigned to the fuel cell (100) as a function of a fuel cell power (PB), wherein - for efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) is dependent on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and - the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined,when the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300) is above a lower state of charge (LZL) and / or below an upper state of charge (LZH), characterized in that - for the control device (400, 400', 400''), value information on the efficiency (WG) is provided as a characteristic curve (KL) depending on the fuel cell power (PB), and - for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA), which corresponds to an increased efficiency (WG) according to the value information, namely the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA) compared to the full (100%) relative nominal power (PREL) or current (<100% PREL) power such that the efficiency (WG) is increased according to the value information compared to the efficiency at nominal power (PREL) or the current efficiency,wherein- an adjustment amount (PAN) of the reduced fuel cell power (PA) depends on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and- the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined in such a way that a target energy quantity (EZZ) required to achieve a target state (ZZ) for a future forecast period (TP) results from the power specification (LV) and the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), wherein- the power specification (LV) is determined in such a way that the target energy quantity (EZZ) is determined as a function of a forecast power profile (PLP).

Claims

[1] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') for providing a power output (PO), comprising: - a fuel cell (100) for generating an amount of energy (E, EE, ET) for the power output (PO) and - an energy storage device (300) for storing an amount of energy (E, EE, EM), - a control device (400, 400', 400'') for controlling the fuel cell (100), which is designed to specify a power specification (LV) for the fuel cell (100) for controlling the power output (PO), wherein - the fuel cell (100) is assigned an efficiency (WG) depending on a fuel cell power (PB), wherein - for efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) depends on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and - the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined when the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300) is above a lower state of charge (LZL) and / or below an upper state of charge (LZH), characterized by , that - for the control device (400, 400', 400''), values for the efficiency (WG) are provided as a characteristic curve (KL) depending on the fuel cell power (PB), and - for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA) which corresponds to an increased efficiency (WG) according to the specified values, namely the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA) compared to the full (100%) relative nominal power (PREL) or current (<100% PREL) power such that the efficiency (WG) is increased according to the specified values compared to the efficiency at nominal power (PREL) or the current efficiency, where - an adjustment amount (PAN) of the reduced fuel cell power (PA) depends on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and - the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined in such a way that a target energy quantity (EZZ) required to achieve a target state (ZZ) for a future forecast period (TP) results from the power specification (LV) and the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), wherein - the performance target (LV) is determined in such a way that the target energy quantity (EZZ) is determined depending on a predicted performance profile (PLP). [2] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000") according to claim 1, characterized by that the control device (400, 400', 400'') is designed in operation to accept a power request (LA). [3] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to claim 2, characterized bythat the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is made as a function of a state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300) in such a way that the power output (PO) corresponds to the power requirement (LA). [4] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000") according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by that the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined in such a way that the power requirement (LA) results from the power specification (LV) and the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300). [5] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the performance target (LV) is determined in such a way that the predicted performance profile (PLP) is calculated on the basis of one or more actual data (ID) and one or more target data (SD). [6] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to claim 5, characterized bythat the predicted performance profile (PLP) is a predicted driving profile (PFP) and the actual data (ID) includes an actual position (IP) and the target data (SD) includes one or more target positions (SP) or segment target positions (SSP). [7] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the consumer (200) is an electric drive (202) and the energy storage device (300) is a battery (302). [8] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') is designed to provide a thermal power output (PT). [9] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to claim 8, characterized bythat the control device (400, 400', 400'') is designed to accept a further power requirement in the form of a thermal power requirement (LAT) and to determine the power specification (LV) as a function of the thermal power requirement (LAT). [10] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising an energy storage device (300) designed as a heat storage device (304). [11] Fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the control device (400, 400', 400'') is designed to specify the power specification (LV) in a range between 5% and 15% of the fuel cell power (PB). [12] Method for operating a fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000''), in particular a fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') for providing a power output (PO) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fuel cell system comprises: - a fuel cell (100) for generating an amount of energy (E, EE, EM, ET) for the power output (PO) and an energy storage device (300) for storing an amount of energy (E, EE, EM), - a control device (400, 400', 400'') which is designed in an operation for controlling the fuel cell (100), wherein - the fuel cell (100) is assigned an efficiency (WG) depending on a fuel cell power (PB), and the method comprises the steps: - specifying a power specification (LV) for the fuel cell (100) to control the power output (PO), wherein - for efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) depends on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and - the power specification (LV) for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA) is determined when the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300) is above a lower state of charge (LZL) and / or below an upper state of charge (LZH), characterized by , that - for the control device (400, 400', 400''), values for the efficiency (WG) are provided as a characteristic curve (KL) depending on the fuel cell power (PB), and - for the efficiency-improved operation (BPA), the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA) which corresponds to an increased efficiency (WG) according to the specified values, namely the power specification (LV) specifies a reduced fuel cell power (PA) compared to the full (100%) relative nominal power (PREL) or current (<100% PREL) power such that the efficiency (WG) is increased according to the specified values compared to the efficiency at nominal power (PREL) or the current efficiency, where - an adjustment amount (PAN) of the reduced fuel cell power (PA) depends on the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), and - the power specification (LV) is determined in such a way that a target energy quantity (EZZ) required to achieve a target state (ZZ) for a future forecast period (TP) is met from the power specification (LV) and the state of charge (LZ) of the energy storage device (300), wherein - the target energy quantity (EZZ) is determined depending on a predicted performance profile (PLP). [13] Method according to claim 12, characterized by that the performance target (LV) is determined depending on the performance requirement (LA). [14] Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by that the predicted performance profile (PLP) is calculated on the basis of one or more actual data (ID) and one or more target data (SD). [15] Vehicle (2000) with a fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of claims 1 to 11 and a consumer (200) designed as an electric drive (202). [16] The vehicle (2000) of claim 15, further comprising a thermal collector (240). [17] Air conditioning system (3000) with a fuel cell system (1000, 1000', 1000'') according to one of claims 1 to 11 and a thermal consumer (240).

Images