489results about "Fuel cell shape/form" patented technology

The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell device and a fuel cell system incorporating a plurality of the fuel devices, each device including an elongate substrate the length of which is the greatest dimension such that the elongate substrate has a coefficient of thermal expansion having only one dominant axis that is coextensive with the length. A reaction zone is provided along a first portion of the length for heating to an operating reaction temperature, and at least one cold zone is provided along a second portion of the length that remains at a low temperature below the operating reaction temperature when the reaction zone is heated. A plurality of fuel passages and oxidizer passages are provided in the elongate substrate extending from the at least one cool zone to the reaction zone, each fuel passage having an associated anode in the reaction zone, and each oxidizer passage having an associated cathode in the reaction zone positioned in opposing relation to a respective one of the associated anodes. An electrolyte is disposed between each of the opposing anodes and cathodes in the reaction zone. The system further includes the devices positioned with their first portions in a hot zone chamber and their cold zones extending outside the hot zone chamber. A heat source is coupled to the hot zone chamber to heat the reaction zones to the operating reaction temperature. A fuel supply is coupled outside the hot zone chamber to the at least one cold zones in fluid communication with the fuel passages for supplying a fuel flow into the fuel passages.

The invention is a flexible, micro-fabricated fuel cell and fuel cell stack that can be helically wound or bend into cylindrical shapes. The electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) upon which can be printed, by ink jet means, the anode and cathode electrodes and the current collectors that convey current to or from the edges of the PEM which has a thickness on the order of 0.001 to 0.010 inch. Pluralities of the series connected fuel cell stacks can be arranged in electrical and physical parallel with one another to provide what are batteries of fuel cell stacks that can be connected by manifolds to sources of fuel and oxidizer. The invention is directed to a thin, light-weight, flexible fuel cell assembly that can be produced in ambient conditions using standard micro-fabrication techniques, such as thick film printing and ink jet deposition. Thick film printing techniques, screen printing or ink jet printing, are used to deposit porous current collectors on either side of the membrane.

A microfluidic membraneless flow cell formed with multiple acidic/alkaline electrolyte solutions. The flow cell can be adapted to provide a dual electrolyte H₂/O₂ fuel cell that generates thermodynamic potentials of up to 1.943 V or possibly greater. The selected fuel can be hydrogen dissolved in 0.1 M KOH, and the selected oxidant can be oxygen dissolved in 0.1 M H₂SO₄. Individual fuel cells can be combined to form fuel cell stacks to generate increased power output. Furthermore, microchannels of varying dimensions may be selected, including thickness variations, and different flow rates of acid/base electrolyte solutions can be applied to satisfy predetermined power generation needs. Some (micro-) fuel cell embodiments can be formed with silicon microchannels of fixed length and variable width and height, and can be used with hydrogen or formic acid as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant, each dissolved in different acid/base electrolyte solutions. Micro-fuel cells are also provided which can be designed to generate different power levels for various applications including portable electronic devices such as wireless communication handsets and cellular telephones.

A solid electrolyte fuel cell configuration provided with a single sheet shaped solid electrolyte substrate formed with a plurality of fuel cells and thereby not having a sealed structure, achieving a reduction of the size and a reduction of the cost, and able to improve the durability and improve the power generation efficiency, a single sheet shaped solid electrolyte substrate, in particular a solid electrolyte fuel cell configuration provided with a single sheet shaped solid electrolyte substrate, a plurality of anode layers formed on one side of the solid electrolyte substrate, and a plurality of cathode layers formed on the side opposite to the one side of the solid electrolyte substrate at positions facing the anode layers, the anode layers and cathode layers facing each other across the solid electrolyte substrate forming a plurality of fuel cells, the anode layers and cathode layers being connected in series.

Embodiments of the invention relate to electrochemical cell assemblies in which a region of discontinuity provides separation and insulation between adjacent cells in an array.

The present invention relates to microfibrous fuel cell sub-bundle structures, fuel cell bundles and fuel cell assemblies formed by such fuel cell sub-bundles and bundles. Specifically, a fuel cell sub-bundle is provided, which comprises multiple microfibrous fuel cells. Each microfibrous fuel cell comprises: (a) a hollow microfibrous membrane separator comprising an electrolyte medium, (b) an inner electrocatalyst layer in contact with an inner surface of such membrane separator, (c) an outer electrocatalyst layer in contact with an outer surface of such membrane separator, and (d) an individual current collector in electrical contact with the inner surface of such membrane separator. Each of such multiple microfibrous fuel cells is in electrical contact with a common current collector at the outer surface of its membrane separator.

A metal-air battery including: a negative electrode metal layer; a negative electrode electrolyte layer disposed on the negative electrode metal layer; a positive electrode layer disposed on the negative electrode electrolyte layer, the positive electrode layer comprising a positive electrode material which is capable of using oxygen as an active material; and a gas diffusion layer disposed on the positive electrode layer, wherein the negative electrode electrolyte layer is between the negative electrode metal layer and the positive electrode layer; wherein the negative electrode metal layer, the negative electrode electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode layer are disposed on the gas diffusion layer so that the positive electrode layer contacts a lower surface and an opposite upper surface of the gas diffusion layer, and wherein one side surface of the gas diffusion layer is exposed to an outside.

A fuel cell includes electrolyte electrode assemblies and a pair of separators sandwiching the electrolyte electrode assemblies. Each of the separators includes a plurality of circular disks. First protrusions and second protrusions are provided on both surfaces of the circular disk. The first protrusions contact an anode of the electrolyte electrode assembly, and the second protrusions contact a cathode of the electrolyte electrode assembly. The area of the separators is divided into portions corresponding to the respective electrolyte electrode assemblies. Each of the divided portions of the separators forms a fuel gas flow field and an oxygen-containing gas flow field by sandwiching the electrolyte electrode assembly.

A structural reinforcement for a pressurized plastic electrochemical cell stack is described with a first endplate and a second endplate, wherein the first endplate and the second endplate are each connected to a structural reinforcement along an axial direction such that the reinforcement extends through the first endplate and the second endplate and provides for compressing the first endplate and the second endplate against a bilithic or monolithic plastic electrochemical cell stack internal to the reinforcement, thereby sealing a gas generation cell within the reinforcement and thus providing enhanced creep resistance of the electrochemical cell stack.

Tubular objects having two or more concentric layers that have different properties are joined to one another during their manufacture primarily by compressive and friction forces generated by shrinkage during sintering and possibly mechanical interlocking. It is not necessary for the concentric tubes to display adhesive-, chemical- or sinter-bonding to each other in order to achieve a strong bond. This facilitates joining of dissimilar materials, such as ceramics and metals.

Tube electrochemical reactor bundle or stack, having a structure, in which a plurality of tube fuel cells, formed of a dense ion conductor (electrolyte) and cathode (air electrode) laminated to an anode (fuel electrode) material having a tube structure, are electrically connected by a thin metallic wire, and an electrochemical reactor system using them are provided.

This invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, external circuit electrical leads coupled to the fuel cell electrodes, and a thermal enclosure assembly enclosing the stack. The stack includes a plurality of inner tubular solid oxide fuel cells, the inside of the inner fuel cells being fluidly couplable to a first reactant source, and a porous support matrix embedding the inner fuel cells and being fluidly couplable to a second reactant source such that a second reactant is flowable through the matrix and to the outer surface of the embedded fuel cells. The stack may also include an outer tubular solid oxide fuel cell surrounding the matrix and the inner fuel cells such that the second reactant is flowable through the matrix and to an inside surface of the outer fuel cell and wherein the outer surface of the outer fuel cell is fluidly couplable to a first reactant source.

Electrochemical cells (100, 500, 600) for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, such as batteries (102), flow cells (502) and fuel cells (602) with a cylindrical rotating ion-permeable filter (120, 414, 520, 620) that generates Taylor Vortex Flows (144, 146, 404, 544, 546, 664, 666) and Circular Couette Flows (148, 150, 568, 570, 668, 670) in thixotropic catholytes and anolytes between a cylindrical current collector (106, 506, 606, 108, 508, 608) and the filter (120, 414, 520, 620) are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a microfibrous fuel cell structure of elongated form with a longitudinal axis. Such microfibrous fuel cell comprises electrocatalyst layers supported by a fiber network formed of unidirectional or substantially unidirectional conductive fibers. The conductive fibers of such fiber network are oriented parallelly or substantially parallelly to the longitudinal axis of the fuel cell, therefore allowing such fiber network to conform to the curvature of the microfibrous fuel cell along the radial direction but without causing overbending of the individual fibers.

[Means for Solution] A solid oxide fuel cell apparatus including a fuel cell having a plate-shaped first solid electrolyte, an anode provided on one side of the first solid electrolyte and coming in contact with fuel gas, and a cathode provided on the other side of the first solid electrolyte and coming in contact with oxidizer gas. The solid oxide fuel cell apparatus further includes a cell-follow-up deformation member located on at least one of opposite sides of the fuel cell with respect to a first stacking direction along which the anode, the first solid electrolyte, and the cathode are stacked together. The cell-follow-up deformation member deforms according to a deformation of the fuel cell on the basis of at least one of physical quantities including differential thermal expansion coefficient and differential pressure.

The invention relates to a liquid circuit built-in aluminium air fuel cell monomer and a cell stack. The liquid circuit built-in aluminium air fuel cell monomer comprises a first flat grid mesh, a first air electrode, a matrix frame, a second air electrode and a second flat grid mesh which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first air electrode is used as a cathode; the matrix frame is provided with a side port for enabling an aluminium alloy electrode used as an anode to be inserted in; a first electrolyte pipe orifice and a second electrolyte pipe orifice are also formed outside the matrix frame. The cell stack comprises a plurality of liquid circuit built-in aluminium air fuel cell monomers which are connected in series and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent cell monomers; support pillars are arranged at the edges of the first flat grid meshes; the first electrolyte pipe orifice in each cell monomer is connected with the second electrolyte pipe orifice in the adjacent cell monomer; the first and second air electrodes in each cell monomer are connected with the aluminium alloy electrode used as the anode in the adjacent cell monomer. According to the invention, a fuel cell pipeline is simple, the engineering degree is high, the guarantee is simple, the operation is convenient, the processing consistency is good, and the recycling and reusing can be realized.

Tubular ceramic structures of non-circular cross section, e.g., anode components of tubular fuel cells of non-circular cross section, are manufactured by applying ceramic-forming composition to the external non-circular surface of the heat shrinkable polymeric tubular mandrel component of a rotating mandrel-spindle assembly, removing the spindle from said assembly after a predetermined thickness of tubular ceramic structure of non-circular cross section has been built up on the mandrel and thereafter heat shrinking the mandrel to cause the mandrel to separate from the tubular ceramic structure of non-circular cross section.

A solid oxide fuel cell device that includes an elongate substrate having a first end and an opposing second end with a length therebetween, a cold zone along a first portion of the length adjacent the first end, and a hot reaction zone along a second portion of the length adjacent the second end. The hot reaction zone is configured to be heated to an operating reaction temperature, and the cold zone is configured to remain at a low temperature below the operating reaction temperature. A fuel inlet and air inlet are each positioned in the cold zone and coupled to respective elongate fuel and oxidizer passages that extend through the hot reaction zone within the elongate substrate in parallel and opposing relation to respective fuel and air outlets adjacent the first end. An anode and a cathode are each positioned adjacent a respective fuel and oxidizer passage in the hot reaction zone within the elongate substrate and each is electrically coupled to a respective first and second exterior contact surface on the elongate substrate in the cold zone. A solid electrolyte is positioned between the anode and cathode, and negative and positive electrical connections are made to the respective first and second exterior contact surfaces. A fuel cell system is also provided incorporating a plurality of the fuel devices with their hot reaction zones positioned in a hot zone chamber and their cold zones extending outside the hot zone chamber. A heat source is coupled to the hot zone chamber to heat the reaction zones to the operating reaction temperature. Fuel and air supplies are coupled outside the hot zone chamber to the cold zones for supplying fuel and air flows into the respective fuel and oxidizer passages. A method of making a solid oxide fuel cell device is also provided in which fluid anode and cathode materials are flowed into passages followed by liquid removal to thereby form anodes and cathodes in the passages.