Method for determining the wear of a bearing

Abstract

Method for determining the wear of a bearing shell (100) designed as part of a base (1200) or bearing of a rotating component (1100), namely a crankshaft (1300) or camshaft, or a piston and connecting rod pin bearing of an engine (1000), an internal combustion engine, wherein the method comprises the steps: - Introducing an annular intermediate layer (120) between a base body (130) of the bearing shell (100) and a wearable sliding layer (140), wherein the intermediate layer (120) is distinguishable from the base body (130) and the sliding layer (140), wherein a structural element of the number of structural elements (110) is made of a different material (M) than the material (M) from which the intermediate layer (120) is made and than the material (M) from which the sliding layer (140) is made, wherein the intermediate layer (120) is designed such that, with increasing wear of the wearable sliding layer (140), an increasing number of structural elements (110) generate structure-borne noise (160) on the base body (130), depending on the wear of the wearable sliding layer (140), and - Arranging a number of tongue-like structural elements (110) circumferentially (U) in the intermediate layer (120), namely arranging a number of tone tongues (TZ) in an ordered pattern (150) at an angle (W) between 5 and 15° relative to the base body (130), wherein an angle vertex points opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotating component (1100), wherein the ordered pattern (150) with the arranged number of tone tongues (TZ) is configured such that the acoustic feature (170) is detectable in a predetermined acoustic frequency band (180) or an acoustic amplitude band (190), and - Applying an arrangement of identical excitation elements (115) to the rotating component (1100), wherein the excitation elements (115) assume the form of protrusions (EH) on the rotating component (1100), wherein an excitation element (115) is designed to rub against the structural element (110) of the bearing shell (100) when the wear-prone sliding layer (140) wears down, and to generate structure-borne sound (160) on the base body (130) of the bearing shell (100) due to the friction of the excitation element (115) on the structural element (110), such that the number of excitation elements (115) generates an acoustic feature (170) associated with the further pattern (155), which is detectable and - Installation of a structure-borne sound detector (1400) or similar measuring device, wherein, in the event of wear of the wear-prone sliding layer (140) up to the tone tongues (TZ), the tone tongues (TZ) rub against the protrusions (EH) of the rotating component (1100) of the motor (1000) and, due to the friction of the protrusions (EH) of the rotating component (1100) against the tone tongues (TZ), structure-borne sound (160) is generated at the base body (130), and - Monitoring the bearing during operation, wherein, with sufficient wear of the wear-prone sliding layer (140), the number of tone tongues (TZ) generates an ordered acoustic characteristic (170) assigned to the pattern (150) of tone tongues (TZ), and - Detecting the ordered acoustic feature (170) assigned to the pattern (150) of tone tongues (TZ) in a specified acoustic frequency band (180) or acoustic amplitude band (190) using the structure-borne sound detector (1400) or similar measuring instrument and a filter (F), and - Detection of critical wear of the bearing shell (100), indication to stop the operation of the bearing, and switching off a motor (1000) as soon as the critical wear of the bearing is detected, whereby depending on the wear, an acoustic feature (170) associated with the pattern (150) is generated to an increasing degree.

Claims

[1] Method for determining the wear of a bearing shell (100) formed as part of a base (1200) or bearing of a rotating component (1100), namely a crankshaft (1300) or camshaft, or a piston and connecting rod bearing of an engine (1000), an internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of: - introducing an annular intermediate layer (120) between a base body (130) of the bearing shell (100) and a worn sliding layer (140), wherein the intermediate layer (120) is distinguishable from the base body (130) and the sliding layer (140), wherein one structural element of the number of structural elements (110) is made of a different material (M) than the material (M) from which the intermediate layer (120) and the material (M) from which the sliding layer (140) is made, wherein the intermediate layer (120) is designed such that with increasing wear of the worn sliding layer (140), depending on the wear of the worn sliding layer (140), an increasing number of structural elements (110) generate structure-borne sound (160) on the base body (130), and - arranging a number of tongue-like structural elements (110) in the circumferential direction (U) in the intermediate layer (120), namely arranging a number of sound tongues (TZ) in an ordered pattern (150) at an angle (W) between 5 and 15° relative to the base body (130), wherein an angle vertex points opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotating component (1100), wherein the ordered pattern (150) with the arranged number of sound tongues (TZ) is designed such that the acoustic feature (170) is detectable in a predetermined acoustic frequency band (180) or an acoustic amplitude band (190), and - applying an arrangement of identical excitation elements (115) to the rotating component (1100), wherein the excitation elements (115) take the form of elevations (EH) on the rotating component (1100), wherein an excitation element (115) is designed to rub against the structural element (110) upon wear of the wear-prone sliding layer (140) up to the first structural element (110) of the bearing shell (100), and to generate a structure-borne sound (160) on the base body (130) of the bearing shell (100) due to the friction of the excitation element (115) on the structural element (110), such that the number of excitation elements (115) generates an acoustic feature (170) associated with the further pattern (155), which is detectable and - Installation of a structure-borne sound detector (1400) or similar measuring means, wherein upon wear of the wear-prone sliding layer (140) up to the sound tongues (TZ), the sound tongues (TZ) rub against the elevations (EH) of the rotating component (1100) of the motor (1000) and due to the friction of the elevations (EH) of the rotating component (1100) against the sound tongues (TZ), a structure-borne sound (160) is generated on the base body (130), and - monitoring the bearing during operation, wherein, upon sufficient wear of the wear-prone sliding layer (140), the number of tones (TZ) generates an ordered acoustic feature (170) associated with the pattern (150) of tones (TZ), and - detecting the ordered acoustic feature (170) associated with the pattern (150) of reeds (TZ) in a predetermined acoustic frequency band (180) or an acoustic amplitude band (190) by means of the structure-borne sound detector (1400) or similar measuring means and a filter (F), and - detecting critical wear of the bearing shell (100), displaying to stop the operation of the bearing, and switching off a motor (1000) as soon as the critical wear of the bearing is detected, wherein an acoustic feature (170) associated with the pattern (150) is generated to an increasing extent depending on the wear. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the arrangement (310) of the structural elements (110) of the intermediate layer (120) is directly adjacent to the wear-prone sliding layer (140) or the arrangement (300) of the structural elements (110) of the intermediate layer (120) is embedded in the sliding layer (140) as part of the latter. [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the arrangement (340) of the structural elements (110) of the intermediate layer (120) is arranged between the base body (130) and the sliding layer (140). [4] Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized bythat the arrangement (330) of the structural elements (110) of the intermediate layer (120) is directly adjacent to the base body (130) or the arrangement (320) of the structural elements (110) of the intermediate layer (120) is embedded in the base body (130) as part of the latter. [5] Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that a first intermediate layer (120) and a second intermediate layer (120) are provided, and the acoustic feature (170) - a first acoustic feature (170) by means of a first number of structural elements (110) of a first pattern (150) in the first intermediate layer (120) and / or - a second acoustic feature (170) by means of a second number of structural elements (110) of a second pattern (150) in the second intermediate layer (120). [6] Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the number of structural elements (110) is a subset of a total number of structural elements (110). [7] Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the increasing level - an amplitude (195) or frequency (185) of the acoustic feature (170), and / or - a frequency width or position of a given acoustic frequency band (180), and / or - an increasingly recognizable frequency sequence of detection frequencies or the like. [8] Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the intermediate layer (120) is circular and the number of structural elements (110) is arranged in the circumferential direction (U). [9] Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that a radial extent (R) of the intermediate layer (120) is greater than the radial extent (R) of a structural element of the number of structural elements (110) or is identical to the radial extent (R) of a structural element of the number of structural elements (110). [10] Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the radial extent (R) of the intermediate layer (120) is less than the radial extent (R) of a structural element of the number of structural elements (110) or is identical to the radial extent (R) of a structural element of the number of structural elements (110). [11] Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by that the number of structural elements (110) are of the same geometry, namely of point-shaped and / or rounded geometry, in particular oval or circular geometry, or of angular geometry, in particular square or rectangular or pyramid-shaped geometry. [12] Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized bythat a structural element of the number of structural elements (110) has a geometry and the geometry has a circumferential extent directed in the circumferential direction (U) and / or a radius extent directed in the radial direction (R), wherein the circumferential extent and / or radius extent is the same for all structural elements of the number of structural elements (110). [13] Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that a first structural element (110) has a first geometry (G), and a second structural element (110) has a second geometry (G) which is different. [14] Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that a first structural element (110) has a distance from a second adjacent structural element (110), and the distance changes in the case of a further first structural element (110) in the circumferential direction (U) from a further second adjacent structural element (110). [15] Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that a first structural element (110) is made of a different material (M) than a second structural element (110). [16] Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by that the number of structural elements (110) in the intermediate layer (120) is formed as a number of recesses (146) in the radial direction (R), in particular as recesses (146) with a square and / or rectangular geometry (G), wherein the number of recesses (146) are filled with the material (M) of the sliding layer (140). [17] Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by that the number of structural elements (110) is arranged at an angle (W) relative to the base body (130) or to the radial extent (R) of the intermediate layer (120) in the intermediate layer (120), in particular is arranged diagonally in the circumferential direction (U) in the intermediate layer (120). [18] Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by that the arrangement (320) of the number of structural elements (110) is part of the base body (130), wherein the number of structural elements (110) extends into the intermediate layer (120) and / or the sliding layer (140). [19] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that an excitation element of the number of excitation elements (115) has a geometry (G) and the geometry (G) has a circumferential extension directed in the circumferential direction (U) and / or a radius extension directed in the radial direction (R), wherein the circumferential extension and / or radius extension is the same for all excitation elements of the number of excitation elements (115). [20] Method according to claim 1, characterized bythat a first excitation element (115.A) of the number of excitation elements (115) has a first geometry (G), and a second excitation element (115.B) of the number of excitation elements (115) has a second geometry (G) which is different. [21] Method according to one of claims 1 or 19 or 20, characterized by that the radius extension of the excitation element of the number of excitation elements (115) is greater than a radius extension of the rotating component (1100) in the region of the bearing shell (100), or is identical to the radius extension of the rotating component (1100), or is smaller than the radius extension of the rotating component (1100). [22] Method according to one of claims 1 or 19 to 21, characterized by that one excitation element of the number of excitation elements (115) is made of the same material (M) as the material (M) from which the rotating component (1100) is made.

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